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• Nginx rewrite for link shortener + Wordpress pretty URLs

  - by detusueno

  Okay so I installed Nginx/PHP/MySQL/Wordpress via a online walk through, and it had me enter these rewrites to enable Wordpress pretty URLs: if (-f $request_filename) { break; } if (-d $request_filename) { break; } rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php?q=$1 last; error_page 404 = //index.php?q=$uri; This is then included in the vhost for my domain. What I'm trying to do now is add some redirection/link shortner rewrites that will play nice with the setup I have in mind. I'd like to redirect "x.com/y" to "x.com/script.php?id=y" for all external links that I post. The Wordpress link setup right now has almost all internal links begin with "news" (x.com/news/post-blah, x.com/news/category/1, etc) BUT I also have a few root links that point to some internal content (x.com/news, x.com/start). I'm guessing that's going to cause some conflicts. What's the best approach to do this? I've never worked with Nginx (or any rewrite rules) but maybe I can distinguish between "x.com/news" and "x.com/news/" to allow it to play nice? I had a friend setup a working version of this in Apache and it'd be nice if I could get this up on Nginx again.

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• iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

  - by dacrow

  I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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• Destination NAT Onto the Same Network from internal clients

  - by mivi

  I have a DSL router which acts as NAT (SNAT & DNAT). I have setup a server on internal network (10.0.0.2 at port 43201). DSL router was configured to "port forward" (or DNAT) all incoming connections to 10.0.0.2:43201. I created a virtual server for port forwarding on DSL router. I also added following iptables rules for port forwarding. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i ppp_0_1_32_1 --dport 43201 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.2:43201 iptables -I FORWARD 1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -d 10.0.0.2 --dport 43201 -j ACCEPT # ppp_0_1_32_1 is routers external interface. # routers internal IP address is 10.0.0.1 and server is setup at 10.0.0.2:43201 Problem is that connections coming from external IP addresses are able to access internal server using External IP address, but internal clients (under NAT) are not able to access server using external IP address. Example: http://<external_address>:43201 is working from external clients But, internal clients are not able to access using http://<external_address>:43201 This seems to be similar to the problem described in http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/NAT-HOWTO-10.html (NAT HOW-TO Destination NAT Onto the Same Network). Firstly, I am not able to understand why is this a problem for internal clients? Secondly, what iptables rule will enable internal clients to access server using external IP address? Please suggest.

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• HTTPS/HTTP redirects via .htaccess

  - by Winston

  I have a somehow complicated problem I am trying to solve. I've used the following .htaccess directive to enable some sort of Pretty URLs, and that worked fine. For example, http://myurl.com/shop would be redirected to http://myurl.com/index.php/shop, and that was well working (note that stuff such as myurl.com/css/mycss.css) does not get redirected: RewriteEngine on RewriteCond ${REQUEST_URI} !^(index\.php$) RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^/?(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L] But now, as I have introduced SSL to my webpage, I want the following behaviour: I basically want the above behaviour for all pages except admin.php and login.php. Requests to those two pages should be redirected to the HTTPS part, whereas all other requests should be processed as specified above. I have come up with the following .htaccess, but it does not work. h*tps://myurl.com/shop does not get redirected to h*tp://myurl.com/index.php/shop, and h*tp://myurl.com/admin.php does not get redirected to h*tps://myurl.com/admin.php. RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^(admin\.php$|login\.php$) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%{HTTP_HOST}/${REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^(admin\.php$|login\.php$) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://myurl.com/%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^(index\.php$) RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^/?(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L] I know it has something to do with rules overwriting each other, but I am not sure since my knowledge of Apache is quite limited. How could I fix this apparently not that difficult problem, and how could I make my .htaccess more compact and elegant? Help is very much appreciated, thank you!

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• VPN messes up DNS resolution

  - by user124114

  After connecting with the Kerio VPN client (OS X Leopard) to a server, the internet (~web browsing) stopped working for the client. After poking around, the issue seems to be bad DNS server (i.e., entering IPs directly works). After disconnecting from the VPN, the invalid DNS server disappears from scutil --dns and all's well again. Now, I don't understand why OS X on the client even changes the DNS settings -- internet should be routed through a different interface, through the default gateway, not through the VPN. Questions: By what mechanism does connecting the VPN client change the "default" DNS server? How can I stop the VPN client from changing routing/DNS rules? Where is this stuff stored/modified? Before VPN: $ scutil --dns DNS configuration resolver #1 nameserver[0] : 10.66.77.1 # <---- default gateway = home router; all good order : 200000 resolver #2 domain : local options : mdns timeout : 2 order : 300000 ... VPN connected: $ scutil --dns DNS configuration resolver #1 nameserver[0] : 192.168.1.1 # <--- rubbish nameserver[1] : 192.168.2.1 order : 200000 resolver #2 domain : local options : mdns timeout : 2 order : 300000 ... The VPN doesn't appear among $ networksetup -listallnetworkservices.

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• Mod_rewrite to eliminate query strings

  - by Greg Frommer

  Hi everyone, I have been working on this for a while but I'm not finding exactly what I am looking for. I am writing a webapp to let my users create and publish pieces of HTML content in a domain and URL folder structure of their choosing. All of the content and requested URL structures are stored in a database. I have all of the code in my index.php (in the root folder) to access the database content, and based on the server name (and hopefully folder structure) will pick out the proper content from the DB and display it to the end-users browser. So my situation looks like this: www.test.com/index.php?id=123234345 ... will display the proper page, but I want my users to be able to define a unique "page name" instead of using the numeric index (also I want to hide the /index.php part) so what I would like the end-user to see is: www.test.com/arbitrary-unique-keyword/keyword2/keyword3 which will invoke the index.php page in the root folder. Then I will use the PHP $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] variable to match the requested folder structure up with the proper content in my database and display that. All the material I have found so far expects me to hard code parts of the folder structure into the rules.... but I think I want something simpler (perhaps). So the question in a nutshell: How do I use mod_rewrite to allow all "non-existent" folder paths be passed through to a main index.php residing in the root folder? (For all paths that DO exist, like for calls to images... I want those to succeed and not be directed to the index.php obviously) Thanks everyone, please let me know if I can clear anything up.

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• How CPU communicates with HW

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Good day. I am new here, but I could not find answer to my question using google, so I help I do not violate any rules. So, basically, all I want to ask is, how CPU comminucates with other HW, such as printers, Graphic card, sound card, LAN card etc. I know, that for basic system I/O, you can use BIOS interrupts. INT 10h I believe is for display output. But, what I would like to know is, what actually happens when you execute instruction int 10h. From desription of int instruction, it should jump to routine, which is stored on adress pointed by adress stored in iterrupt table. But how does this routine get into the RAM? Does BIOS save that routines to the RAM? And what actually that routine does? I mean, CPU can only acess RAM, right? So how can now acess some other HW? Is there some special instrucion for it? Or is CPU somehow connected to BIOS, and than BIOS actually does the work? And the last thing, does even OS like Windows or GNU/Linux use BIOS interrupts, or can OS acess HW directly? Thanks.

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• nginx- Rewrite URL with Trailing Slash

  - by Bryan

  I have a specialized set of rewrite rules to accommodate a mutli site cms setup. I am trying to have nginx force a trailing slash on the request URL. I would like it to redirect requests for domain.com/some-random-article to domain.com/some-random-article/ I know there are semantic considerations with this, but I would like to do it for SEO purposes. Here is my current server config. server { listen 80; server_name domain.com mirror.domain.com; root /rails_apps/master/public; passenger_enabled on; # Redirect from www to non-www if ($host = 'domain.com' ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.domain.com/$1 permanent; } location /assets/ { expires 1y; rewrite ^/assets/(.*)$ /assets/$http_host/$1 break; } # / -> index.html if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri/index.html) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1/index.html break; } # /about -> /about.html if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri.html) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1.html break; } # other files if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1 break; } } How would I modify this to add the trailing slash? I would assume there has to be a check for the slash so that you don't end up with domain.com/some-random-article//

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• iptables configuration under ubuntu

  - by aioobe

  I'm following a tutorial on setting up a dns-tunnel. I've run into the following instruction: Now you need to enable forwarding on this server. I use iptables to implement masquerading. There are many HOWTOs about this (a simple one, for example). On Debian, the configuration file for iptables is in /var/lib/iptables/active. The relevant bit is: *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [6:1596] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [1:76] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [1:76] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/8 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT Restart iptables: /etc/init.d/iptables restart The problem is that I don't have any /var/lib/iptables/active. (I'm on ubuntu.) How can I accomplish this? I suspect that I should just interact with the iptables command somehow but I have no clue what to write. Best would probably be if I could put the commands in a script somehow I suppose. (A side-note. If I execute a few iptables-commands it wont be there for ever, right? The rules will be discarded on reboot?)

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• How to enable hotlink protection without hardcoding my domain in the Apache config file?

  - by Jeff

  Been surfing around for a solution for a couple days now. How do I enable Apache hotlink protection without hardcoding my domain in the config file so I can port the code to my other domains without having to update the config file every time? This is what I have so far: RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$ RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://www\.example\.com [NC] RewriteRule \.(gif|ico|jpe|jpeg|jpg|png)$ - [NC,F,L] ... And this is what Apache suggests: SetEnvIf Referer example\.com localreferer <FilesMatch \.(jpg|png|gif)$> Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from env=localreferer </FilesMatch> ... both of which hardcode the domain in their rules. The closest I came to finding any info that covers this is right here on ServerFault, but the conclusion was that it cannot be done. Based on my research, that appears to be true, but I didn't find any questions or commentary dedicated soley to this question. If anyone's curious, here is the link to the Apache 2 docs that cover this topic. Note that Apache variables (e.g. %{HTTP_REFERER}) can only be used in the RewriteCond text-string and the RewriteRule substitution arguments.

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• Generating alerts from ossec ( server- agent ) model

  - by batman

  I'm very new to OSSEC. I use a server-agent model. I wish to generate alert for the following actions ( in agent side ): 1) Sample Alert for delation of logs I added the rules for these in agent's ossec.conf using <localfile> tags. Like this : <localfile> <log_format>syslog</log_format> <location>/var/log/syslog</location> </localfile> In my server's ossec.conf. I added the following : <global> <email_notification>yes</email_notification> <email_to>xxxx@xxxxxx</email_to> <smtp_server>smtp.gmail.com</smtp_server> <email_from>xxxx@xxx</email_from> </global> And I restarted my server. Now I tried to delete the agents syslog file using rm syslog. But no alerts has been triggered. Where I'm making the mistake?

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• TC hashing filters - single rule deletion

  - by exa

  For traffic shaping I'm currently using a setup that looks exactly like the setup from LARTC, on this page: http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.adv-filter.hashing.html I have a simple problem with that - everytime I want to modify something in the hash table (like assign a IP to different flowid), I need to delete the whole filter table and add it again filter by filter. (I actually don't do it by hand, I have a nice program that does it for me... but still...) There is a problem - I got roughly 10k filters allocated this way and deleting and refilling the whole filtertable can get pretty lengthy, which is not exactly good for traffic shaping. My program could easily manage to delete only the rules that need to be deleted (thus reducing the whole problem to several commands and miliseconds), but I simply don't know the command that deletes only the one hashing rule. My tc filter show: filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2: ht divisor 256 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2:a:800 order 2048 key ht 2 bkt a flowid 1:101 match 0a0a0a0a/ffffffff at 16 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2:c:800 order 2048 key ht 2 bkt c flowid 1:102 match 0a0a0a0c/ffffffff at 16 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 800: ht divisor 1 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 800::800 order 2048 key ht 800 bkt 0 link 2: match 00000000/00000000 at 16 hash mask 000000ff at 16 The wish: 'tc filter del ...' command that removes only one specific filter (for example the 0a0a0a0a IP match (IP address 10.10.10.10)). Removal of some small subgroup would also be good - for example I could still recreate a bucket (bkt a) pretty fast. My attempts: I tried to number all the filters using prio, but with no help -- they just create something unusuable (but deletable) below, but the bucketed filters remain there after that gets deleted. Any ideas? edit - I'm adding a simplified tl;dr description of the problem: I created hash filter on some interfce just like in this http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.adv-filter.hashing.html I want to find a command that deletes one rule (e.g. 1.2.1.123) from the table, leaving the rest untouched and working.

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• Setting up vsftpd, hangs on list command

  - by Victor

  I installed vsftpd and configured it. When I try to connect to the ftp server using Transmit, it manages to connect but hangs on Listing "/" Then, I get a message stating: Could not retrieve file listing for “/”. Control connection timed out. Does it have anything to do with my iptables? My rules are as listed: *filter # Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accepts all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allows all outbound traffic # You can modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites) -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT # Allows SSH connections # # THE -dport NUMBER IS THE SAME ONE YOU SET UP IN THE SSHD_CONFIG FILE # -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 30000 -j ACCEPT # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # log iptables denied calls -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT

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• Using my own Postfix, filtering spam and getting all the mail into my ISP's inbox

  - by djechelon

  Hello, I currently own a domain bought via GoDaddy.com, which provides me a basic email setup for the most common needs. I configured it to forward all mail to [email protected] to [email protected]. I also own a virtual server with a running Postfix that I use for a specific website (all mail to somedomain.com gets forwarded via LMTP to a program written by me). Since I'm recently experiencing some harassing by spammers, since GoDaddy doesn't seem to filter spam, and since my Windows Phone's Pocket Outlook cannot filter spam, I would like to use SpamAssassin to filter inbound spam by changing my domain's MX records to my server My ideal setup is the following: All mail delivered to somedomain.com gets redirected via LMTP as usual via virtual transport without any spam check All mail to [email protected] gets redirected to [email protected] after a severe spam check I don't care about [email protected] since I use just one address for now I would like to train SpamAssassin with customized spam rules, possibly based on the presence of certain keywords (links to certain unsubscribe pages I found recurring) I currently configured Postfix with transport somedomain.com lmtp:[127.0.0.1]:8025 .somedomain.com error: Cannot accept mail for this domain relay somedomain.com OK (I guess I should add mydomain.com OK too) virtual @mydomain.com [email protected] (looks like a catch-all rule, it's OK as requirement 3) I installed SpamAssassin, I can do rcspamd start and set it to boot with the server, but I don't know if there is anything else to do for use in Postfix, and how to apply requirement 1 (only mail to mydomain.com gets filtered) I also tried to send an email via Telnet to make sure my settings are ready for MX change. I received the message into my account but I found that it gone through secureserver.net, like Postfix didn't rewrite the destination but simply relayed the message. Thank you in advance. I'm no expert in SpamAssassin, and I have little experience in Postfix (enough to avoid making my server an open relay)

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• How to manage multiple email addresses on multiple domains in Exchange

  - by CAD bloke

  Using Hosted Exchange Server, mostly because I use an iPhone, webmail & Outlook on 2 laptops. I want to keep everything consistent and unfragmented. Also, I want push notifications. I have 2 domains, a professional one & a personal one. Each domain has about 5 (give or take) email addresses I use for various purposes. Each domain also has a few parked domains (.net, .org, .info) aliased to the .com domain. I would like to keep emails from the 2 domains separated. Do I need an extra mail box, meaning extra expense or can I create another Exchange user on the same mailbox and create an extra account in Outlook? In either case I will have to wait for iOS4 on the iPhone to manage 2 Exchange accounts. Or am I better off just using a set of rules and folders? The aliased domains are another joy to behold entirely. It looks like I will have to add each email address variant individually. Alternatively, I reckon I may just leave the aliased domains at the pop3 host and let Outlook gather those as edge-cases. Surely I can't be the only one making my life this difficult. Anyone out there done this? From the left field - is this (much) easier in gMail? I'm not committed to Exchange (yet). Previously I used Outlook as a pop3 client with a set of filters to direct incoming traffic to folders. This worked with the aliased domains because my host directed all the aliased TLDs to the same mailbox.

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• libvirt's dnsmasq does not respond to dns queries or provide dhcp

  - by Jeremy

  This is on Ubuntu 10.04 server, using KVM to run Ubuntu guests. This system has been working for a long time and I have not changed anything (other than applying security updates), but today I found dnsmasq no longer responds to requests. I cannot say how long this has been broken for me because I don't frequently use the NAT'd guests. So it could have started just after the last updates or some other event and I just now found it. I can connect to port 53 with telnet at 192.168.122.1. I've flushed ip-tables to be sure it wasn't firewall rules and that is not the problem. dnsmasq is running, virsh reports default network as stared. I can't find ANY information on troubleshooting libvirt dnsmasq except that it won't play well with other instances of dnsmasq, which is not the problem. I cannot even find where log entries might be for this service. Any ideas on where to look for more information? edit to add: I added another network and that one works fine. I guess I have a workaround but would still like to figure out how to troubleshoot this problem.

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• How to point any *.mydomain variation to localhost (for development)?

  - by user41339

  Hi all. I am developing a site, which will make use of any given [variation of] subdomain name part (that is, the part prefixed before the host name and, optionally, the TLD part). I would imagine that in production, that would be an easy feat - make sure the DNS for second-level domain name part points to an IP, set up Apache2 virtual host to listen on that (or any) IP port 80, and just use PHP to make decisions based on the "Host" request header. However, currently the site is localhost, since I am developing it using my workstation, so first I patched the /etc/hosts to include: 127.0.0.1 mydomain I only used one name part (arguably a custom TLD) so as to not interfere with the Internet domain names. Then I set up a VirtualHost directive for Apache 2.2 like: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName mydomain But now I can see that f.e. example.mydomain does not point to localhost, meaning the the /etc/hosts addition is not effective for "something.mydomain". It appears the rules are taken verbatim, and also I have checked that wildcards like *.mydomain are not allowed. Is there a solution for this?

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• What does "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic mean?

  - by mgibsonbr

  I've seen many resources explaining how to set up a server's firewall to allow incoming and outgoing traffic on HTTP standard ports (80 and 443), but I can't figure out why I would need either of them. Do I need to unblock both for a "regular" web site to work? For file uploads to work? Are there situations where it would be advisable to unblock one and leave the other blocked? Sorry if that's a basic question, but I couldn't find it explained anywhere (also I'm not a native english speaker). I know in a "regular" web site the client is always the one who initiates a request, so I'm assuming a web server must accept incoming traffic on those ports, and my common sense tells me the server is allowed to send a response without unblocking anything else (otherwise it wouldn't make sense to have two types of rules). Is that correct? But what is an outgoing web (service) traffic, and what would be its use? AFAIK if the server wanted to initiate a connection with another machine, the specific port that matters is the one in the other end (i.e. the destination port would be 80), on its end any free port could be used (the source port would be random). I can open HTTP requests from my server (using wget for instance) without unblocking anything. So I'm assuming my concepts of "incoming" and "outgoing" are wrong somehow.

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• Proper web server setup

  - by DMin

  I just got myself a slicehost basic slice to play around with so I can learn how to setup web-servers. I have Ubuntu 10.04.2 installed on the server. I was able to successfully get the server up and running from scratch, these were the things I did - following this tutorial. I know this is probably just a starters tutorial, so, I was wondering if you guys can tell me what you like to do while setting up production servers. These are the steps that were followed : Update and Upgrade Ubuntu sudo apt-get install apache2 php5-mysql libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server Backup a copy of and edit apache2.conf Set : 'ServerTokens Full' to 'ServerTokens Prod''ServerSignature On' to 'ServerSignature Off' Backup php.ini and then Change “expose_php = On” to “expose_php = Off” Restart Apache Install Shorewall firewall Configure Shorewall to only accept HTTP and SSH connections(in the rules file) Enable shorewall on startup Add the website to the server : sudo usermod -g www-data root sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www I want make this CommunityWiki but can't seem to find the option to do it. Please feel free to add any feedback on the processes and things I am doing right/wrong. Much appriciated, thanks! :)

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• Redirect 301 fails with a path as destination

  - by Martijn Heemels

  I'm using a large number of Redirect 301's which are suddenly failing on a new webserver. We're in pre-production tests on the new webserver, prior to migrating the sites, but some sites are failing with 500 Internal Server Error. The content, both databases and files, are mirrored from the old to the new server, so we can test if all sites work properly. I traced this problem to mod_alias' Redirect statement, which is used from .htaccess to redirect visitors and search engines from old content to new pages. Apparently the Apache server requires the destination to be a full url, including protocol and hostname. Redirect 301 /directory/ /target/ # Not Valid Redirect 301 /main.html / # Not Valid Redirect 301 /directory/ http://www.example.com/target/ # Valid Redirect 301 /main.html http://www.example.com/ # Valid This contradicts the Apache documentation for Apache 2.2, which states: The new URL should be an absolute URL beginning with a scheme and hostname, but a URL-path beginning with a slash may also be used, in which case the scheme and hostname of the current server will be added. Of course I verified that we're using Apache 2.2 on both the old and the new server. The old server is a Gentoo box with Apache 2.2.11, while the new one is a RHEL 5 box with Apache 2.2.3. The workaround would be to change all paths to full URL's, or to convert the statements to mod_rewrite rules, but I'd prefer the documented behaviour. What are your experiences?

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• Virtualbox port forwarding with iptables

  - by jverdeyen

  I'm using a virtualmachine (virtualbox) as mailserver. The host is an Ubuntu 12.04 and the guest is an Ubuntu 10.04 system. At first I forwarded port 25 to 2550 on the host and added a port forward rule in VirtualBox from 2550 to 25 on the guest. This works for all ports needed for the mailserver. The guest has a host only connection and a NAT (with the port-forwarding). My mailserver was receiving and sending mail properly. But all connections are comming from the virtualbox internal ip, so every host connection is allowed, and that's not what I want. So.. I'm trying to skip the VirtualBox forwarding part and just forward port 25 to my host only ip of the guest system. I used these rules: iptables -F iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.99.0/24 -i vboxnet0 -j ACCEPT echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d xxx.host.ip.xxx --dport 25 -j DNAT --to 192.168.99.105:25 iptables -A FORWARD -s 192.168.99.0/24 -i vboxnet0 -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.99.0 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -L -n But after these changes I still can't connect with a simple telnet. (Which was possible with my first solution). The guest machine doesn't have any firewall. I only have one network interface on the host (eth0) and a host interface (vboxnet0). Any suggestions? Or should I go back to my old solution (which I don't really like). Edit: bridge mode isn't an option, I have only on IP available for the moment. Thanks!

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• Is it possible for the Subversion Apache module to serve html files with an html content-type without using the svn:mime-type property?

  - by Martin Pain

  I am aware that if you set the svn:mime-type Subversion property on a .html file to text/html then when viewing the file in a browser through the Subversion module in Apache httpd it will be served with a Content-Type: text/html header, enabling the browser to render it as HTML rather than plain text. However, I am looking for a way to do this without using the svn:mime-type property. I'm aware that you can configure your svn client to automatically add the property - this is not what I want, as I do not want to ensure all users have these settings. I'm also aware that I could create a pre-commit hook that rejects the commit if the properties are not set, in order to force users to set the property - I might fall back to that, but I'm looking for something less intrusive. I'm also aware that I could use a post-commit hook to add the properties automatically on the server-side. I'd rather not do that (as users then have to update immediately after their commit, and it's not trivial to write) - I'm looking for a better alternative. Perhaps something with rewrite rules in the Apache server?

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• IP tables blocking access to most hosts but some accesses being logged

  - by epo

  What am I getting wrong? A while back I locked down my web hosting service while hardening it or at least trying to. Apache listens on port 80 only and I set up iptables using the following: IPS="list of IPs" iptables --new-chain webtest # Accept all established connections iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 80 --jump webtest iptables -A INPUT --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT iptables -A webtest --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT for ip in $IPS; do iptables -A webtest --match state --state NEW --source $ip --jump ACCEPT done iptables -A webtest --jump DROP However looking at my apache logs I notice various log entries in access_log, e.g. 221.192.199.35 - - [16/May/2010:13:04:31 +0100] "GET http://www.wantsfly.com/prx2.php?hash=926DE27C156B40E55E4CFC8F005053E2D81E6D688AF0 HTTP/1.0" 404 206 "-" "Mozilla/ 4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)" 201.228.144.124 - - [16/May/2010:11:54:16 +0100] "GET /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) HTTP/1.1" 400 226 "-" "-" 207.46.195.224 - - [16/May/2010:04:06:48 +0100] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 200 311 "-" "msnbot/2.0b (+http://search.msn.com/msnbot.htm)" How are these slipping through? I don't mind the indexing bots (though I am a little surprised to see them get through). I suppose they must be getting through using the ESTABLISHED,RELATED rules. And no, I can't for the life of me remember why the first match state rule is there So 2 questions: is there a better way to set up iptables to restrict access to specified hosts? How exactly are these 3 examples slipping through?

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• DD-WRT Acces Point as a Router

  - by Dzh

  Following suggestion to this question asked on Network Engineering, I am asking the question here. this is an extension to my previous question (I think it was deleted), where I was claiming that DDWRT was disabling it's DHCP server once connected to the network. I was wrong, as it now seems that it is bridging itself with another parallel connected wireless router. I have two Draytek 2820 and one Netgear WG602v3 with latest DDWRT. Lets call one wired-Draytek and it has wireless disabled. The other one, let's call it wireless-Draytek, is connected to wired-Draytek and has wireless with MAC filtering enabled. Once I connect Netgear to the wired-Draytek, the client that connects to Netgear, will be assigned with IP address from the wireless-Draytek. If the MAC address is not on the wireles-Draytek, the client is unable to obtain IP address and has no connectivity at all, even with manually assigned static IP configuration. To illustrate further, this is how network is set up: wired-Draytek ---------- wireless-Draytek \_________ Netgear What I wish to have, is that Netgear issues IP addresses from it's own IP pool and ignores the MAC filtering rules from wireless-Draytek. This is kind of puzzling how this they are bridging (if they are) themselves automatically. Thanks. UPDATE: It's not a home network. I gave you a bit simplified set-up. If there is a better site on Stack Exchange to ask this, please let me know. The Drayteks are running stock firmware, it's only Netgear that I've flashed to get more stability. In addition to these routers, I have also three 3COM Baseline switch 2824, and another Draytek router with Prosafe FS752TP PoE switch dedicated for VoIP phones. Wired-Draytek has IP 10.0.0.1, DHCP disabled as there is AD DC which is issuing IP addresses. Wireless-Draytek has IP 1.1.1.1 and DHCP enabled. Netgear has default - 192.168.1.1. As per suggestion, the specific question is - how do I isolate these two wireless routers?

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• How can I make WSUS less invasive for our users?

  - by Cypher

  We have WSUS pushing updates out to our user's workstations, and things are going relatively well with one annoying caveat: there seems to be an issue with a pop-up being displayed in front of some users informing them that their machine will be rebooted in 15 minutes, and they have nothing to say about it: This may be because they did not log out the prior night. Nevertheless, this is a bit too much and is very counter-productive for our users. Here is a bit about our environment: Our users are running Windows XP Pro and are part of an Active Directory Domain. WSUS is being applied via Group Policy. Here is a snapshot of the GPO that is enforcing the WSUS rules: Here is how I want WSUS to work (ideally - I'll take whatever can get me close): I want updates to automatically download and install every night. If a user is not logged in, I would like the machine to reboot. If a user is logged in, I would like their machine not to reboot, but instead wait until the next "installation period" where it can perform any other needed installations and reboot then (provided the a user account is not still logged in). If a user is to be prompted for reboot, it should only happen once per day (if possible), but every time they are prompted, they must have a way to postpone the reboot. I do not want users to be forced to restart their computer whenever the computer thinks it should happen (unless it's after an update installation and there are no logged in users). That doesn't seem productive to force a system restart in the midst of a person's workday. Is there something that I can do with the GPO that would help make WSUS less intrusive? Even if it gave the user an option to Restart Later - that would be better than what is happening now.

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