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• IIS and PHP restrict IO permissions

  - by ULTRA_POROV

  I have php installed trough a fastCGI module. Is there a way to restrict the module (php.exe) read / write permissions to only the directory (+ subdirs) of the IIS site that is calling it? I need this to prevent one IIS PHP site from having access to files outside its own directory. How to do this? Is there a setting in php.ini or in the IIS configuration? I believe such a feature could exist, because when a file on the server is requested the root path of the site is also known, all it would take is that IIS passes this path to the php module, and the php module should on its end allow only IO operations within this path. PS: I know it is possible to achieve this by using a different windows account for each website, this is not an option.

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• Is it safe to put a Mac directly on the internet?

  - by Tony Edgecombe

  In the past I have always run a NAT router between my Windows PC's and the internet. I'm wondering if I still need this or whether the OSX firewall is good enough to let me put a Mac directly on the internet.

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• My gmail password hacked in Firefox?

  - by ellockie

  While writing a message using Firefox suddenly my gmail login details, including password, were pasted into the body of my message at the current cursor position and in the browser's find field (whole password and a bit of email address in the latter). I don't store my passwords in the browser nor in any of it's addons, although I keep it in one of Chrome's extensions. I don't use whole email address to login, only the user name, so it's very strange and worrying. I must admit I clicked some suspicious link the same day (by checking the root of the domain first), but I quickly closed that page and after that I haven't used that password. Both Avira and Spybot didn't detect anything. What was it and what can I do to make sure my browser is safe?

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• What is the right iptables rule to allow apt-get to download programs?

  - by anthony01

  When I type something like sudo apt-get install firefox, everything work until it asks me: After this operation, 77 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Then error messages are displayed: Failed to fetch: <URL> My iptables rules are as follows: -P INPUT DROP -P OUTPUT DROP -P FORWARD DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT What should I add to allow apt-get to download updates? Thanks

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• Member of local Administrators group cannot elevate

  - by fixme

  Hi We have just installed the first Windows 7 (professional) workstation in our domain. Its primary user has been added to the local (computer's) Administrators group (computername\Administrators). Still, whenever elevation is needed, his credentials are not accepted, and he is never allowed to act as an administrator. For example, he cannot write a file to C:\ (not that he needs to, but it illustrates the problem). Putting him in the domain's Administrators group doesn't help either (anyway we'd rather not do that). I suspect that he may be the victim of some policy that controls elevation, but can't seem to find it. Can anyone shed some light?

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• Cannot access an application folder in Program files

  - by GiddyUpHorsey

  I recently installed Windows 7 Professional 64bit on a new machine. I installed an application using a ClickOnce installer. The application runs fine, but I cannot access the application folder it created in c:\Program files (x86). It bombs with access denied. I try to view the properties on the folder and it takes about 1 minute to display (other folders take 1 second). It says I cannot view any information because I'm not the owner. It doesn't say who the current owner is (instead - Unable to display current owner.) but says I can take ownership. When I try it fails again with Access Denied, even though I have administrative permissions. Why can't I access this folder nor take ownership?

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• nginx with fail2ban and mod_security

  - by Mahesh

  I forgot to update my fail2ban config for nginx. I just moved to nginx from apache. Today, I got a lot of cals from a single IP. IP tried to access login pages with post and get methods IP tried to use nginx as a proxy (GET http:/...) IP searched images, js, css folders IP tried to inject -d url_allow_fopen =1 and something similar. Most of the calls ended with 404. http { limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=app:10m rate=5r/s; ... server { ... location / { limit_req zone=app burst=50; } I got approximately 50 requests from that ip for a second. So i updated my nginx like the above. Will it avoid too many connections per second now? I have updated my fail2ban jail.local to support nginx. I am confused with the nginx-noscript.conf [Definition] failregex = ^<HOST> -.*GET.*(\.php|\.asp|\.exe|\.pl|\.cgi|\scgi) ignoreregex = I am serving php with nginx. I checked apache's noscript.conf and which has .php extension on it too. I tested this above settings before restarting fail2ban and got thousands of ips matched. I removed php and nothing matched. Do i need .php| in nginx-noscript.conf? Using mod_security and fail2ban together bring any problem? When i was searching today, i came to know mod_security is available for nginx too. So i am planning to use it too.

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• Protecting a SVN server

  - by user35072

  For various reasons we are finding it increasingly difficult to work with remote workers. We are a very small developer shop and it's becoming impractical to do manual merges on a daily basis. So we're left with little choice (?) but to consider opening up our SVN servers. I'm looking into the following: Full HTTPS session Running non-80 port Strong password policy Is this enough to prevent someone hacking and stealing data? I will also look into VPN but first would like to understand any alternative solutions.

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• How secure is cloud computing?

  - by Rhubarb

  By secure, I don't mean the machines itself and access to it from the network. I mean, and I suppose this could be applied to any kind of hosting service, when you put all your intellectual property onto a hosted provider, what happens to the hard disks as they cycle through them? Say I've invested million into my software, and the information and data that I have is valuable, how can I be sure it isn't read off old disks as they're recycled? Is there some kind of standard to look for that ensures a provider is going to use the strictest form of intellectual property protection? Is SAS70 applicable here?

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• How can I restrict the backuppc client user as much as possible? (rsync)

  - by jxn

  I have backuppc making full backups of servers, but I'd like to be sure that my set up is as paranoid as possible. BackupPC is set up to backup via rsync, and it is set up to use a specific user on each client to be backed up. Because the backuppc client user has to have access to every file on the client machine and the ability to ssh into the machine without an interactive password, I'm a little nervous about securing the clients, and I'd like to know I haven't overlooked any options. Here's what I have in place: in the client user's authorized_keys file, i've included from="IPTOSERVER",command="/usr/bin/rsync" before the user's public key, so that the user can only login coming from the BackupPC server. Next, in the sudoers file, I've added this line: backuppc ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync to allow root-level permissions only for the rsync command for that user. Are there other user, policy, or ssh restrictions that I can add while still allowing the backup pc client user to rsync all files?

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• Fix Fatal Error Condition showing system path

  - by JMC

  I've noticed there are a large number of servers running Magento Commerce that will return a fatal error showing the system path: Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'File '/usr/local/www/magento/data1702/media/css' does not exists.' in /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/lib/Varien/File/Transfer/Adapter/Http.php:96 Stack trace: #0 /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/get.php(205): Varien_File_Transfer_Adapter_Http->send('/usr/local/www/...') #1 /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/get.php(165): sendFile('/usr/local/www/...') #2 {main} thrown in /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/lib/Varien/File/Transfer/Adapter/Http.php on line 96 Magento as an application is generally good about supressing error messages. How can a linux server running apache be configured to avoid returning this error message since the app has problems suppressing it.

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• Pass parameters to a script securely

  - by codeholic

  What is the best way to pass parameters to a forked script securely? E. g. passing parameters through command line operands is not secure, since someone who has an account on the host can run ps and see them. Unnamed pipe is quite secure, as far as I understand, isn't it? I mean, passing parameters to STDIN of the forked process. What about passing parameters in environment vars? Is it secure? What about passing parameters by other means I didn't mention?

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• Unix Server Protection from Physical Access?

  - by Isabella Wilcox

  I'm working to license our software to some buyer. Our software will be ran from an unix server that is physically controlled by the buyer. Is there any way to prevent the buyer who have physical access to your server to access contents on the drive? We want to protect our intellectual property because if the buyer steals our software, we won't have enough legal resources to pursue a claim internationally.

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• My Window's 7 is exposing me and my files I am the only administrator.

  - by Connie

  I am the only administrator on my Window's 7 Asus x53E series laptop. Why is a standard user able to access my files by just searching my name in the start menu? If I log into guest account and search my name it shows an error that i don't have permission. When i log into my roommate's standard account and go to the start menu I put my name in search and everything I have done or searched is open to them . How can i make my administrator account private

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• Putting a whole linux server under source control (git)

  - by Tobias Hertkorn

  I am thinking about putting my whole linux server under version control using git. The reason behind it being that that might be the easiest way to detect malicious modifications/rootkits. All I would naively think is necessary to check the integrity of the system: Mount the linux partition every week or so using a rescue system, check if the git repository is still untempered and then issue a git status to detect any changes made to the system. Apart from the obvious waste in disk space, are there any other negative side-effects? Is it a totally crazy idea? Is it even a secure way to check against rootkits since I most likely would have to at least exclude /dev and /proc ?

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• What and how strong is 128bit RC4? [closed]

  - by al nik

  I notice that services like Gmail use RC4 128 bit as encryption. What is RC4 encryption and how does it work? Is 128-bit RC4 considered strong encryption?

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• File/folder Write/Delete wise, is my server secure?

  - by acidzombie24

  I wanted to know if someone got access to my server by using a nonroot account, how much damage can he do? After i su someuser I used this command to find all files and folders that are writeable. find / -writable >> list.txt Here is the result. Its most /dev/something and /proc/something and these /var/lock /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock /var/tmp /var/lib/php5 Is my system secure? /var/tmp makes sense but i am unsure why this user has write access to those folders. Should i change them? stat /var/lib/php5 gives me 1733 which is odd. Why write access? why no read? is this some kind of weird use of a temp file?

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• Returning "200 OK" in Apache on HTTP OPTIONS requests

  - by i..

  I'm attempting to implement cross-domain HTTP access control without touching any code. I've got my Apache(2) server returning the correct Access Control headers with this block: Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" Header set Access-Control-Allow-Methods "POST, GET, OPTIONS" I now need to prevent Apache from executing my code when the browser sends a HTTP OPTIONS request (it's stored in the REQUEST_METHOD environment variable), returning 200 OK. How can I configure Apache to respond "200 OK" when the request method is OPTIONS? I've tried this mod_rewrite block, but the Access Control headers are lost. RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} OPTIONS RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1 [R=200,L]

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• Is Exchange protected from/allow back dated emails?

  - by David

  Does Exchange Server adequately protect against backdating items in a mailbox folder? I want to determine from an auditing perspective what level of risk exists/what trust can be put into Exchange database records. Is there a (mis)feature that allows end point users to modify the sent/recieved date fields on their own messages? Is there a reasonable way short of hand editing the files for an Exchange Server admin to make such a change? And most importantly: Is there any kind of "sequence number" that we could use to audit Exchange records for evidence of date manipulation (ex. msg100 = Dec 15, msg101 = Dec 10, msg102 = Dec 16)

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• Software for defining rules for folder permissions and monitoring deviations

  - by Kjensen

  Let's say a company has a large number of users, and each user has a home area. On each share used for home area folders, I would like to define some rules saying who is supposed to have which permissions on the folder. Then I would like to audit automatically, that this is actually the case and get some sort of report on deviations. So a rule for \MegaServer\Home01 could be defined something like: Domain Admins - Full Control Backup Agent - Read [Home folder owner] - Full Control I am talking about Windows platform and Windows servers, although I think it would most likely also work for *nix machines that expose Windows shares. Does software like this exist? I could roll my own basic version, but if something already exists, that is usually a better option. I am aware of tools to make displaying permissions easier (AccessEnum, DumpSec), but that is not what I am looking for.

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• Mitigating the 'firesheep' attack at the network layer?

  - by pobk

  What are the sysadmin's thoughts on mitigating the 'firesheep' attack for servers they manage? Firesheep is a new firefox extension that allows anyone who installs it to sidejack session it can discover. It does it's discovery by sniffing packets on the network and looking for session cookies from known sites. It is relatively easy to write plugins for the extension to listen for cookies from additional sites. From a systems/network perspective, we've discussed the possibility of encrypting the whole site, but this introduces additional load on servers and screws with site-indexing, assets and general performance. One option we've investigated is to use our firewalls to do SSL Offload, but as I mentioned earlier, this would require all of the site to be encrypted. What's the general thoughts on protecting against this attack vector? I've asked a similar question on StackOverflow, however, it would be interesting to see what the systems engineers thought.

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• File permissions on web server

  - by plua

  I have just read this useful article on files permissions, and I am about to implement a as-strict-as-possible file permissions policy on our webserver. Our situation: we have a web server accessed through sftp by different users from within our company, and we have the general public accessing Apache - sometimes uploading files through PHP. I distinguish folders and files by their use. So based on this reading, here is my plan: All people who need to upload files will have separate users. But all of those users will belong to two groups: uploaders, and webserver. Apache will belong to the group webserver. Directories Permission: 771 Owner: user:uploaders Explanation: to access files in the folder, everybody needs to have execute permission. Only uploaders will be adding/removing files, so they also get r+w permission. Files within the web-root Permission: 664 Owner: user:uploaders Explanation: they will be uploaded and changed by different users, so both owner and group need to have w+r permissions. Webserver needs to only read files, so r permission only. Upload-directories Permission: 771 Owner: user:webserver Explanation: when files need to be uploaded, Apache needs to be able to write to this directory. But I figure it is safer to change the owner to webroot, thus giving Apache sufficient privileges (and all uploaders also belong to this group and will have the same permissions), while safeguarding from "others" writing to this folder. Uploaded files Permission: 664 Owner: user:webserver Explanation: after uploading Apache might need to delete files, but this is no problem because they have w+r permission of the folder. So no need to make this file any more accessible than r access for group. Being not an expert on file permissions, my question is whether or not this is the best possible policy for our situation? Any suggestions welcome.

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• How much information can websites get about your browser/PC?

  - by Pickledegg

  I am trying to determine if the information shown on this website is the absolute maximum amount of information that a webserver can obtain from a web visitor. Does anyone know of any other sites that will be able to get more information from the user passively like this? I'm not talking about port-sniffing or any kind of interaction from the user, just the info that a server can get from a 'dumb' visit.

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• Is there some file browser that uses low level functions to browse hard disk?

  - by watbywbarif

  I have Windows 7, NTFS hard disk. I have detected rootkit files but can't delete them through Windows explorer, obviously because they are not visible. Is there some other file browser that is using low level function calls, lower that win api, so that I can try to see and study these files before removal. I know the exact locations. I know that I can load some live CD and delete them, but I wonder about the first possible solution.

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• Safari Doesn't Warn of Application Download

  - by waiwai933

  I recently noticed that when downloading an application, Safari doesn't give the warning it used to. I have deleted the .plist file with no change. Using Mac OS X 10.5.8, Safari 4.0.4. Any ideas why and how to re-enable?

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