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• In Linux, when I use the PS command, why do I see multiple lines for www-data?

  - by johnlai2004

  I have a LAMP server that uses ubuntu 9.10, apache2, mysql5 and php5. When I login as root through the shell, I run a "ps aux" command and see something like the following www-data 3151 0.1 4.3 220024 31032 ? S 12:22 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3153 0.2 3.6 214776 26020 ? S 12:22 0:01 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3162 0.3 5.1 225060 36920 ? S 12:26 0:01 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3163 0.1 4.1 218872 29664 ? S 12:26 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start How come I see multiple lines for www-data? Does each line represent an actual user on my website? I run into memory issues at times, so I'm trying to determine if these www-data statistics are related.

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• The cd command using variable to mapped NFS volume within ssh in linux script is not working

  - by Bhavya Maheshwari

  I have to do the following from within a bash script. The /VMNFS/ folder is present on linux box, from where script is run, and is mapped to the machine into which i am ssh'ing, as an NFS at /vmfs/volumes/VMNFS/. The second cd command doesn't work, neither with symbolic path name nor physical pathname. Why? and How to rectify this? #!/bin/bash ssh -2 [email protected] /bin/sh <<\EOF vmfile_path=`grep / vmvar_file` datastore_path=/vmfs/volumes/VMNFS/ cd $datastore_path && echo "The present working directory is" `pwd -P` esxi_vmfile_path_sub=`pwd -P` && echo "variable value is" $esxi_vmfile_path_sub esxi_vmfile_path=`echo $vmfile_path | sed "s:/VMNFS:$esxi_vmfile_path_sub:"` cd "$esxi_vmfile_path" EOF ***Output***: The current working directory is /vmfs/volumes/65335ec4-46d12e41 variable value is /vmfs/volumes/65335ec4-46d12e41 can't cd to /vmfs/volumes/65335ec4-46d12e41/TPAE7.5/

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• Are there any command line utilities which can calculate and/or limit how fast a pipe is running?

  - by stsquad

  I'm doing some basic stress testing of a Linux kernel network IWF with netcat. The set-up is fairly simple. On the target side: nc -l -p 10000 > /dev/null And on my desktop I was running: cat /dev/urandom | nc 192.168.0.20 10000 I'm using urandom for some poor-mans fuzz testing. However I find that even at this rate I can break something quite quickly. EDIT So I've been playing with trickle to rate limit how fast I'm generating data: cat /dev/urandom | trickle -u 10 nc 192.168.0.20 10000 But it's hard to tell if this is working. What would be really useful is a the pv equivilent of trickle that can work with pipes.

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• Is there DBus command to set position of KDE panel?

  - by Liss

  I have single vertical KDE panel. When I switch from single monitor X screen back to triple monitor X screen (with xrandr) my KDE panel ends up on the right edge of middle monitor, instead of right edge of right monitor. Also, many windows are in wrong place after the switch, but I have a script which restores geometry of all windows (as is used to be in triple monitor state before I switched to single monitor mode), so this is not a problem. Unfortunately, it does not work for KDE panel - it stays in the wrong place. I guess I need to use DBus to restore KDE panel position (programmatically move it to right edge of right screen), I tried googling, but it seems it is not very well documented. Is there DBus command to set position of KDE panel?

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• Command Not working in separate thread in J2me.

  - by RishiPatel

  I am creating a bluetooth application. I created a simple midlet with a exit command and i create a thread for finding the service and discovering the device. While doing so it displays a animated screen on which i added the parent commandListener for exit command. After successful connection both user is represented with greetings(Current screen calls the parent Display method setCurrent for displaying itself). This screen also have CommandListener set to the parent. Now i want to add few more commands. I Implemented the CommandLIstener Interface in this class, added few commands but the commands are not working. I dont whats wen wrong. I am giving u Code snippets to fully describle my issue : - package name Imports here public class MyMidlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener { public CommandListener theListener; public Display theDisplay; public Command exitCommand; public MyMidlet() { // Retrieve the display for this MIDlet //Create the initial screen } public void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException { } public void pauseApp() { } public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) { } public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable d) { // Determine if the exit command was selected if (c == exitCommand) { //End application here notifyDestroyed(); } else { //Start the new thread here } } } Now here is the code for the class which is invoked by the above midlet in a separate thread; package here; imports here public class MyService implements Runnable, CommandListener { private MyMidlet parent; private StreamConnection conn; private OutputStream output; private InputStream input; public Command sendCommand; private TextField messageToSend Form form; public BChatService(boolean isServer, BChatMidlet parent) { //some stuff here this.parent = parent; } public void run() { //functino for showing animation here try { input = conn.openInputStream(); output = conn.openOutputStream(); } catch (IOException e) { displayError("IO Error", "An error occurred while opening " + "the input and output streams" + "(IOException: " + e.getMessage() + ")"); try { conn.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { } return; } // Create the Form here when service is discoverd and greets the users Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 2); exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1); form.addCommand(exitCommand); form.addCommand(sendCommand); parent.theDisplay.setCurrent(form); form.setCommandListener(this); public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable d) { if (c == exitCommand) { // End the game parent.destroyApp(true); parent.notifyDestroyed(); } if(c == sendCommand) { form.append("SOme text here"); } } } When i select the Send command, the string doesnt append in form neither exit command works. What can be the possible cause for it?? I need to implement this functionality...Is there any other way to achieve this??

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• Access a mounted Windows share from the command line

  - by Bryan

  Hello All, I use the "Connect to Server..." option under the "Places" menu to connect to a Windows share in my work environment. When I do so, I can access the Windows share via Nautilus, but I can't figure out how to access the share from the command line without using smbclient. For example, the share isn't mounted under /mnt or /media. Is it possible to access the mounted Windows share from the command line without using smbclient?

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• apt-get command problem

  - by Ramesh Khadka

  I am using Ubuntu 12.04 32 bit in hp pavilion dv6 laptop (AMD Processor) after upgrade and reboot, the desktop doesn't start and at cui (cltr + alt + f1) I login to my user and following error shows: apt-config :/lib/i386-linux-gnu/lib.so.6:version 'GLIBC_2.17' NOT FOUND (required by /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6) when I type sudo apt-get command same error shows up and apt-get command doesn't work. All I have is character user interface. please help me.

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• How to interpret this crontab command?

  - by Bakhtiyor

  I know that if I wrote in crontab -e following command 01 04 * * * somecommand then it will run somecommand at 4:01am on every day of every month. What happens if I wrote * * * * * somecommand? Will it run somecommand every single minute? Will this syntax work also? And it is possible to use special strings like @reboot, @daily, etc as it is explained here. At what time of the day somecommand will be executed if I write @daily somecommand command?

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• recover from sudo rm -rf command

  - by user106116

  By mistake, I ended up executing "rm -rf /" command from sudo on my laptop which erased many files before it stopped. Now when I restarted my system , it gives a GRUB rescue prompt. I am having dual boot with Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 I request the help for following: How do I fix the currently installed Ubuntu without overwriting/erasing the left over files (from rm -rf command)? Is using Boot-Repair safe ? Is there a way to directly go to Windows 7?

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• 12.04 How to go back to command line only ubuntu

  - by Ne0

  I was attempting to install a command line only version of Ubuntu and followed the instructions here. I downloaded the alternate CD and went through the installation, but never got an "Install a command-line system." option. 12.04 is now up and running, though i don't need the desktop GUI. From what i have read i can set it back into text mode using grub, but what packages should i remove that i don't need any more?

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• Using ASCMD to run command line scripts for SQL Server Analysis Services

  Sometimes it would be helpful to run scripts from a command line for Analysis Services. This would be useful for things like creating backups, processing data or running other tasks. Is there a command line tool like sqlcmd for multidimensional databases and Data Mining? What are your servers really trying to tell you? Find out with new SQL Monitor 3.0, an easy-to-use tool built for no-nonsense database professionals.For effortless insights into SQL Server, download a free trial today.

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• Where did "Open with" (user defined command) go?

  - by MiStr

  I'm now using Ubuntu 12.04. In earlier versions you could associate a filetype with a specific command (e.g. self-compiled binary) by selecting "Open with" in the file's properties and select the command by providing the file path manually if it wasn't already in the list of applications. Is this possibility gone? The only way I found now is to create .desktop files and edit the mimetypes via an text editor.

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• error while installing the libmemcached

  - by Ahmet vardar

  I get this while installing libmemcached root@server [/libmemcached]# make make all-am make[1]: Entering directory `/libmemcached' if /bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CXX --mode=compile g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -I. -I. -ggdb -DBUILDING_HASHKIT -MT libhashkit/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.lo -MD -MP -MF "libhashkit/.deps/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.Tpo" -c -o libhashkit/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.lo `test -f 'libhashkit/aes.cc' || echo './'`libhashkit/aes.cc; \ then mv -f "libhashkit/.deps/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.Tpo" "libhashkit/.deps/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.Plo"; else rm -f "libhashkit/.deps/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.Tpo"; exit 1; fi ./libtool: line 866: X--tag=CXX: command not found ./libtool: line 899: libtool: ignoring unknown tag : command not found ./libtool: line 866: X--mode=compile: command not found ./libtool: line 1032: *** Warning: inferring the mode of operation is deprecated.: command not found ./libtool: line 1033: *** Future versions of Libtool will require --mode=MODE be specified.: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: Xg++: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-DHAVE_CONFIG_H: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-I.: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-I.: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-I.: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-I.: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-I.: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-ggdb: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-DBUILDING_HASHKIT: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-MT: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: Xlibhashkit/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.lo: No such file or directory ./libtool: line 1176: X-MD: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-MP: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: X-MF: command not found ./libtool: line 1176: Xlibhashkit/.deps/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.Tpo: No such file or directory ./libtool: line 1176: X-c: command not found ./libtool: line 1228: Xlibhashkit/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.lo: No such file or directory ./libtool: line 1233: libtool: compile: cannot determine name of library object from `': command not found make[1]: *** [libhashkit/libhashkit_libhashkit_la-aes.lo] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/libmemcached' make: *** [all] Error 2 OUTPUT OF ./configure checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking for gcc... gcc checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking for suffix of executables... checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 checking dependency style of gcc... (cached) gcc3 checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for sys/types.h... yes checking for sys/stat.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for strings.h... yes checking for inttypes.h... yes checking for stdint.h... yes checking for unistd.h... yes checking minix/config.h usability... no checking minix/config.h presence... no checking for minix/config.h... no checking whether it is safe to define __EXTENSIONS__... yes checking for isainfo... no checking for g++... g++ checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes checking dependency style of g++... gcc3 checking dependency style of g++... (cached) gcc3 checking whether gcc and cc understand -c and -o together... yes checking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutar checking whether __SUNPRO_C is declared... no checking whether __ICC is declared... no checking "C Compiler version--yes"... "gcc (GCC) 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)" checking "C++ Compiler version"... "g++ (GCC) 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)" checking whether time.h and sys/time.h may both be included... yes checking whether struct tm is in sys/time.h or time.h... time.h checking for size_t... yes checking for special C compiler options needed for large files... no checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... no checking for library containing clock_gettime... -lrt checking sys/socket.h usability... yes checking sys/socket.h presence... yes checking for sys/socket.h... yes checking size of off_t... 8 checking size of size_t... 8 checking size of long long... 8 checking if time_t is unsigned... no checking for setsockopt... yes checking for bind... yes checking whether the compiler provides atomic builtins... yes checking assert.h usability... yes checking assert.h presence... yes checking for assert.h... yes checking whether to enable assertions... yes checking whether it is safe to use -fdiagnostics-show-option... yes checking whether it is safe to use -floop-parallelize-all... no checking whether it is safe to use -Wextra... yes checking whether it is safe to use -Wformat... yes checking whether it is safe to use -Wconversion... no checking whether it is safe to use -Wmissing-declarations from C++... no checking whether it is safe to use -Wframe-larger-than... no checking whether it is safe to use -Wlogical-op... no checking whether it is safe to use -Wredundant-decls from C++... yes checking whether it is safe to use -Wattributes from C++... no checking whether it is safe to use -Wno-attributes... no checking for perl... perl checking for dpkg-gensymbols... no checking for lcov... no checking for genhtml... no checking for sphinx-build... no checking for working -pipe... yes checking for bison... bison checking for flex... flex checking how to print strings... printf checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed checking for fgrep... /bin/grep -F checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm checking whether ln -s works... yes checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 98304 checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu format... func_convert_file_noop checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r checking for objdump... objdump checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all checking for dlltool... no checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n checking for ar... ar checking for archiver @FILE support... @ checking for strip... strip checking for ranlib... ranlib checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from gcc object... ok checking for sysroot... no checking for mt... no checking if : is a manifest tool... no checking for dlfcn.h... yes checking for objdir... .libs checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC checking if gcc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes checking if gcc static flag -static works... yes checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes checking whether to build shared libraries... yes checking whether to build static libraries... yes checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... g++ -E checking for ld used by g++... /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64 checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) is GNU ld... yes checking whether the g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking for g++ option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC checking if g++ PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes checking if g++ static flag -static works... yes checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o... yes checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes checking whether the g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking dynamic linker characteristics... (cached) GNU/Linux ld.so checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate checking whether the -Werror option is usable... yes checking for simple visibility declarations... yes checking for ISO C++ 98 include files... checking whether memcached executable path has been provided... no checking for memcached... /usr/local/bin/memcached checking whether memcached_sasl executable path has been provided... no checking for memcached_sasl... no checking whether gearmand executable path has been provided... no checking for gearmand... no checking libgearman/gearmand.h usability... no checking libgearman/gearmand.h presence... no checking for libgearman/gearmand.h... no checking for library containing getopt_long... none required checking for library containing gethostbyname... none required checking for the pthreads library -lpthreads... no checking whether pthreads work without any flags... yes checking for joinable pthread attribute... PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE checking if more special flags are required for pthreads... no checking for PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT... yes checking the location of cstdint... configure: WARNING: Could not find a cstdint header. <stdint.h> checking the location of cinttypes... configure: WARNING: Could not find a cinttypes header. <inttypes.h> checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... no checking for htonll... no checking for working SO_SNDTIMEO... yes checking for working SO_RCVTIMEO... yes checking for supported struct padding... yes checking for alarm... yes checking for dup2... yes checking for getline... yes checking for gettimeofday... yes checking for memchr... yes checking for memmove... yes checking for memset... yes checking for pipe2... no checking for select... yes checking for setenv... yes checking for socket... yes checking for sqrt... yes checking for strcasecmp... yes checking for strchr... yes checking for strdup... yes checking for strerror... yes checking for strtol... yes checking for strtoul... yes checking for strtoull... yes checking arpa/inet.h usability... yes checking arpa/inet.h presence... yes checking for arpa/inet.h... yes checking fcntl.h usability... yes checking fcntl.h presence... yes checking for fcntl.h... yes checking libintl.h usability... yes checking libintl.h presence... yes checking for libintl.h... yes checking limits.h usability... yes checking limits.h presence... yes checking for limits.h... yes checking malloc.h usability... yes checking malloc.h presence... yes checking for malloc.h... yes checking netdb.h usability... yes checking netdb.h presence... yes checking for netdb.h... yes checking netinet/in.h usability... yes checking netinet/in.h presence... yes checking for netinet/in.h... yes checking stddef.h usability... yes checking stddef.h presence... yes checking for stddef.h... yes checking sys/time.h usability... yes checking sys/time.h presence... yes checking for sys/time.h... yes checking execinfo.h usability... yes checking execinfo.h presence... yes checking for execinfo.h... yes checking cxxabi.h usability... yes checking cxxabi.h presence... yes checking for cxxabi.h... yes checking sys/sysctl.h usability... yes checking sys/sysctl.h presence... yes checking for sys/sysctl.h... yes checking umem.h usability... no checking umem.h presence... no checking for umem.h... no checking for C++ compiler vendor... gnu checking for working alloca.h... yes checking for alloca... yes checking for error_at_line... yes checking for pid_t... yes checking vfork.h usability... no checking vfork.h presence... no checking for vfork.h... no checking for fork... yes checking for vfork... yes checking for working fork... yes checking for working vfork... (cached) yes checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes checking for GNU libc compatible malloc... yes checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes checking for GNU libc compatible realloc... yes checking whether strerror_r is declared... yes checking for strerror_r... yes checking whether strerror_r returns char *... yes checking for stdbool.h that conforms to C99... yes checking for _Bool... no checking for int16_t... yes checking for int32_t... yes checking for int64_t... yes checking for int8_t... yes checking for off_t... yes checking for pid_t... (cached) yes checking for ssize_t... yes checking for uint16_t... yes checking for uint32_t... yes checking for uint64_t... yes checking for uint8_t... yes checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... (cached) no checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes checking for inline... inline checking for working volatile... yes checking for C/C++ restrict keyword... __restrict checking whether the compiler supports GCC C++ ABI name demangling... yes checking sasl/sasl.h usability... no checking sasl/sasl.h presence... no checking for sasl/sasl.h... no checking uuid/uuid.h usability... yes checking uuid/uuid.h presence... yes checking for uuid/uuid.h... yes checking for main in -luuid... yes checking for clock_gettime in -lrt... yes checking for floor in -lm... yes checking for sigignore... yes checking atomic.h usability... no checking atomic.h presence... no checking for atomic.h... no checking for setppriv... no checking for winsock2.h... no checking for poll.h... yes checking for sys/wait.h... yes checking for fnmatch.h... yes checking for MSG_NOSIGNAL... yes checking for MSG_DONTWAIT... yes checking for MSG_MORE... yes checking event.h usability... yes checking event.h presence... yes checking for event.h... yes checking for main in -levent... yes checking for endianness... little configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating docs/conf.py config.status: creating libhashkit-1.0/configure.h config.status: creating libmemcached-1.0/configure.h config.status: creating libmemcached-1.2/configure.h config.status: creating libmemcached-2.0/configure.h config.status: creating support/libmemcached.pc config.status: creating support/libmemcached.spec config.status: creating support/libmemcached-fc.spec config.status: creating libtest/version.h config.status: creating config.h config.status: config.h is unchanged config.status: executing depfiles commands config.status: executing libtool commands --- Configuration summary for libmemcached version 1.0.6 * Installation prefix: /usr/local * System type: unknown-linux-gnu * Host CPU: x86_64 * C Compiler: gcc (GCC) 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52) * Assertions enabled: yes * Debug enabled: no * Warnings as failure: no * SASL support: --- anyone knows how to solve this ?

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• how to adjust the size of the root partition on live arch linux system (/dev/mapper/arch_root-image)

  - by leon

  Summary: I created a bootable usb drive with a live Bridge linux (ARCH based) on it. Everything works fine. The live system mounts a device called /dev/mapper/arch_root-image as its ext4 root partition (/ mount point). The problem is that I dont know how to control the size of this partition. This is not a Bridge specific issue (also happens with Archbang) Detail: My usb drive has a dos partition table with 2 ext2 partitions $ fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 29,8 GiB, 32006733824 bytes, 62513152 sectors Unités : secteur de 1 × 512 = 512 octets Taille de secteur (logique / physique) : 512 octets / 512 octets taille d'E/S (minimale / optimale) : 512 octets / 512 octets Type d'étiquette de disque : dos Identifiant de disque : 0x0007b7e2 Périphérique Amorçage Début Fin Blocs Id Système /dev/sdb1 * 2048 2002943 1000448 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 2002944 32258047 15127552 83 Linux sdb1 is approx 1GB and sdb2 is 14GB. The live system is on sdb1. sdb2 is empty. Now when I boot the live system, its filesystem looks like this: $ mount proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) dev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=505272k,nr_inodes=126318,mode=755) run on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755) /dev/sda1 on /run/archiso/bootmnt type ext2 (ro,relatime) cowspace on /run/archiso/cowspace type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=772468k,mode=755) /dev/loop0 on /run/archiso/sfs/root-image type squashfs (ro,relatime) /dev/mapper/arch_root-image on / type ext4 (rw,relatime) securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd) pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio) mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime) hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime) configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime) systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=36,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw) tmpfs on /etc/pacman.d/gnupg type tmpfs (rw,relatime,mode=755) As we can see, the root partition is from the device /dev/mapper/arch_root-image and my problem is that the live system recognizes it as a 3.9GB drive $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/arch_root-image 3.9G 1.9G 2.1G 48% / dev 494M 0 494M 0% /dev run 503M 23M 481M 5% /run /dev/sda1 962M 590M 324M 65% /run/archiso/bootmnt cowspace 755M 32M 723M 5% /run/archiso/cowspace /dev/loop0 520M 520M 0 100% /run/archiso/sfs/root-image tmpfs 503M 132K 503M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 503M 0 503M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 503M 360K 503M 1% /tmp tmpfs 503M 896K 503M 1% /etc/pacman.d/gnupg My question is how is this size controled? I suspect this is related to the content of the aitab file which is part of the Bridge iso image: $ cat aitab # <img> <mnt> <arch> <sfs_comp> <fs_type> <fs_size> root-image / i686 xz ext4 50% I have read https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/archiso#aitab but found no clue

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• Using 3G/UMTS in Mauritius

  After some conversation, threads in online forum and mailing lists I thought about writing this article on how to setup, configure and use 3G/UMTS connections on Linux here in Mauritius. Personally, I can only share my experience with Emtel Ltd. but try to give some clues about how to configure Orange as well. Emtel 3G/UMTS surf stick Emtel provides different surf sticks from Huawei. Back in 2007, I started with an E220 that wouldn't run on Windows Vista either. Nowadays, you just plug in the surf stick (ie. E169) and usually the Network Manager will detect the new broadband modem. Nothing to worry about. The Linux Network Manager even provides a connection profile for Emtel here in Mauritius and establishing the Internet connection is done in less than 2 minutes... even quicker. Using wvdial Old-fashioned Linux users might not take Network Manager into consideration but feel comfortable with wvdial. Although that wvdial is primarily used with serial port attached modems, it can operate on USB ports as well. Following is my configuration from /etc/wvdial.conf: [Dialer Defaults]Phone = *99#Username = emtelPassword = emtelNew PPPD = yesStupid Mode = 1Dial Command = ATDT[Dialer emtel]Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0Baud = 3774000Init2 = ATZInit3 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0Init4 = AT+cgdcont=1,"ip","web"ISDN = 0Modem Type = Analog Modem The values of user name and password are optional and can be configured as you like. In case that your SIM card is protected by a pin - which is highly advised, you might another dialer section in your configuration file like so: [Dialer pin]Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0Init1 = AT+CPIN=0000 This way you can "daisy-chain" your command to establish your Internet connection like so: wvdial pin emtel And it works auto-magically. Depending on your group assignments (dialout), you might have to sudo the wvdial statement like so: sudo wvdial pin emtel Orange parameters As far as I could figure out without really testing it myself, it is also necessary to set the Access Point (AP) manually with Orange. Well, although it is pretty obvious a lot of people seem to struggle. The AP value is "orange". [Dialer orange]Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0Baud = 3774000Init2 = ATZInit3 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0Init4 = AT+cgdcont=1,"ip","orange"ISDN = 0Modem Type = Analog Modem And you are done. Official Linux support from providers It's just simple: Forget it! The people at the Emtel call center are completely focused on the hardware and Mobile Connect software application provided by Huawei and are totally lost in case that you confront them with other constellations. For example, my wife's netbook has an integrated 3G/UMTS modem from Ericsson. Therefore, no need to use the Huawei surf stick at all and of course we use the existing software named Wireless Manager instead of. Now, imagine to mention at the help desk: "Ehm, sorry but what's Mobile Connect?" And Linux after all might give the call operator sleepless nights... Who knows? Anyways, I hope that my article and configuration could give you a helping hand and that you will be able to connect your Linux box with 3G/UMTS surf sticks here in Mauritius.

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• Why are a visual studio project's command-line settings stored per user? Is it OK to check-in (and

  - by DanO

  We're creating an application that understands some command-line parameters. There are some default's we would like to supply on the command-line when debugging, and these are easily set in the project settings as explained here. The thing is visual studio stores these settings in a *.csproj.user file, and the default settings for integrated source control do not check-in *.user files. We would like to just have these default command-line parameters in everyone's IDE when debugging this project. Often (but not always) when visual studio guides you into doing things a certain way it is for good reason. We probably don't want to just check-in someone's .csproj.user file... right? This question is has a few parts: Why does Visual Studio store this particular setting per user? Is there a way to alter this behavior? - Would doing so bring bad juju? Under these circumstances is it OK to check-in and share a .user file? Is there a better way to accomplish what we are trying to do here? Thank you -

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• How do you send an extended-ascii AT-command (CCh) from Android bluetooth to a serial device?

  - by softex

  This one really has me banging my head. I'm sending alphanumeric data from an Android app, through the BluetoothChatService, to a serial bluetooth adaptor connected to the serial input of a radio transceiver. Everything works fine except when I try to configure the radio on-the-fly with its AT-commands. The AT+++ (enter command mode) is received OK, but the problem comes with the extended-ascii characters in the next two commands: Changing the radio destination address (which is what I'm trying to do) requires CCh 10h (plus 3 hex radio address bytes), and exiting the command mode requires CCh ATO. I know the radio can be configured OK because I've done it on an earlier prototype with the serial commands from PIC basic, and it also can be configured by entering the commands directly from hyperterm. Both these methods somehow convert that pesky CCh into a form the radio understands. I've have tried just about everything an Android noob could possibly come up with to finagle the encoding such as: private void command_address() { byte[] addrArray = {(byte) 0xCC, 16, 36, 65, 21, 13}; CharSequence addrvalues = EncodingUtils.getString(addrArray, "UTF-8"); sendMessage((String) addrvalues); } but no matter what, I can't seem to get that high-order byte (CCh/204/-52) to behave as it should. All other (< 127) bytes, command or data, transmit with no problem. Any help here would be greatly appreciated. -Dave

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• Slackware Linux: Glib can't find libffi.so.6. Where is it trying to look?

  - by Mathmagician

  I have libffi installed and it's in /usr/local/lib, yet the glib make process can't find it /home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio/.libs/lt-glib-compile-resources: error while loading shared libraries: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory /home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio/.libs/lt-glib-compile-resources: error while loading shared libraries: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory /home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio/.libs/lt-glib-compile-resources: error while loading shared libraries: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory /home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio/.libs/lt-glib-compile-resources: error while loading shared libraries: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory make[4]: Entering directory `/home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio/tests' GEN gdbus-test-codegen-generated.c GEN test_resources.c /home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio/.libs/lt-glib-compile-resources: error while loading shared libraries: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory make[4]: *** [test_resources.c] Error 127 make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio/tests' make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio' make[2]: *** [all] Error 2 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4/gio' make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mathmagi/src/glib-2.32.4' make: *** [all] Error 2 It's definitely in /usr/local/lib! bash-4.1# updatedb bash-4.1# locate libffi.so.6 /usr/local/lib/libffi.so.6 /usr/local/lib/libffi.so.6.0.0 /home/mathmagi/src/libffi-3.0.11/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/.libs/libffi.so.6 /home/mathmagi/src/libffi-3.0.11/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/.libs/libffi.so.6.0.0 With glib I've tried LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib ./configure Doesn't work. How do I find where glib is looking and change it?

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• Getting at fsid under Linux? Or an alternate way of identifying filesystems?

  - by larsks

  In an environment with automounted home directories, such that the same filesystem exported by a fileserver may be mounted multiple times on the client, I would like to authoritatively be able to identify whether two mountpoints are in fact the same filesystem. That is, if the remote server exports: /home And the local client has: # mount fileserver:/home/l/lars on /home/lars type nfs (rw...) fileserver:/home/b/bob on /home/bob type nfs (rw...) I am looking for a way to identify that both /home/lars and /home/bob are in fact the same filesystem. In theory this is what the fsid result of the statvfs structure is for, but in all cases, for both local and remote filesystems, I am finding that the value of this structure member is 0. Is this some sort of client-side issue? Or do most modern NFS servers simply decline to provide a useful fsid? The end goal of all of this is to robustly interpret the output from the quota command for NFS filesystems. For example, given the example above, running quota as myself may return something like: Disk quotas for user lars (uid 6580): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace otherserver:/vol/home0/a/alice 12 52428800 52428800 4 4294967295 4294967295 fileserver:/home/l/lars 9353032 9728000 10240000 124018 0 0 ...the problem here being that there exists a quota for me on otherserver which is visible in the results of the quota command, even though my home directory is actually on a different device. My plan was to look up the fsid for each mountpoint listed in the quota output and check to see if it matched the fsid associated with my home directory. It looks like this won't work, so...any suggestions?

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• Problem setting command-line console resolution. vbeinfo in grub2 does not report all resolutions

  - by Kent

  I have a Asus EEE PC 1005P which I installed a Command-line system on using the Alternate Installer CD of Ubuntu Lucid Lynx. Altough I think this is a general linux and grub2 question. I do not have (or want) the X Window System installed. I want to change my console screen resolution (not inside X) to 1024x600. But it isn't reported when I use vbeinfo inside grub: grub> vbeinfo VBE info: version: 3.0 OEM software rev: 1.0 total memory: 8128 KiB List of compatible video modes: Legend: P=Packed pixel, D=Direct color, mask/pos=R/G/B/reserved 0x112: 640 x 480 x 32 Direct, mask: 8/8/8/8 pos: 16/8/0/24 0x114: 800 x 600 x 16 Direct, mask: 5/6/5/0 pos: 11/5/0/0 0x115: 800 x 600 x 32 Direct, mask: 8/8/8/8 pos: 16/8/0/24 0x101: 640 x 480 x 8 Packed 0x103: 800 x 600 x 8 Packed 0x111: 640 x 480 x 16 Direct, mask: 5/6/5/0 pos: 11/5/0/0 Configured VBE mode (vbe_mode) = ox101 grub> Relevant parts of sudo lspci -v: ... ... 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation N10 Family Integrated Graphics Controller Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 83ac Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 28 ... Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation N10 Family Integrated Graphics Controller Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 83ac Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 28 ... ... ... Any ideas on how I can set the console resultion like I want it?

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• How do I easily repair a single unreadable block on a Linux disk?

  - by Nelson

  My Linux system has started throwing SMART errors in the syslog. I tracked it down and believe the problem is a single block on the disk. How do I go about easily getting the disk to reallocate that one block? I'd like to know what file got destroyed in the process. (I'm aware that if one block fails on a disk others are likely to follow; I have a good ongoing backup and just want to try to keep this disk working.) Searching the web leads to the Bad block HOWTO, which describes a manual process on an unmounted disk. It seems complicated and error-prone. Is there a tool to automate this process in Linux? My only other option is the manufacturer's diagnostic tool, but I presume that'll clobber the bad block without any reporting on what got destroyed. Worst case, it might be filesystem metadata. The disk in question is the primary system partition. Using ext3fs and LVM. Here's the error log from syslog and the relevant bit from smartctl. smartd[5226]: Device: /dev/hda, 1 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors Error 1 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17449 hours (727 days + 1 hours) ... Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00d39eee = 13868782 There's a full smartctl dump on pastebin.

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• Understanding what needs to be in place for a server to send outgoing email from a linux box

  - by Matt

  I am attempting to configure an openSuse 11.1 box to send outgoing email for a domain that the same server is hosting. I don't understand enough about smtp servers and the like to know what needs to be in place and working. The system already had Postfix installed, and I confirmed it was running via a > sudo /etc/init.d/postfix status I examined the Postfix config file in /etc/main.cf and configured a couple of items regarding the domain/host name and such, but left it largely default. I attempted to send an email from the command line with the following command: > echo "test 123" | mail -s "test subject" [email protected] Where differentdomain.com was not the same domain as the one best hosted on the server. However, the email never reaches the target account. Any suggestions? EDIT: In the postfix log, (/var/log/mail.info, there's nothing in .err) I see that postfix is trying to connect to what appears to be a different smtp server on our network, with a connection refused: connect to ourdomain.com.inbound15.mxlogic.net[our ip address]:25: Connection refused However, I can't figure out why it is 1) trying to connect to that server and 2) not just sending the messages itself... I mean, isn't postfix an smtp server? I did a grep -ri on ourdomain from /etc and see no configuration files anywhere telling it to do this. Why is it?

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• Installing VirtualBox on BackTrack 5

  - by m0skit0

  I'm getting this error when running VirtualBox's installation script: $ sudo ~/Downloads/VirtualBox-4.1.14-77440-Linux_x86.run Verifying archive integrity... All good. Uncompressing VirtualBox for Linux installation........... VirtualBox Version 4.1.14 r77440 (2012-04-12T16:20:44Z) installer Removing previous installation of VirtualBox 4.1.14 r77440 from /opt/VirtualBox Installing VirtualBox to /opt/VirtualBox tar: Record size = 8 blocks Python found: python, installing bindings... Building the VirtualBox kernel modules Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.2.6 (i686) Consult the make.log in the build directory /var/lib/dkms/vboxhost/4.1.14/build/ for more information. ERROR: binary package for vboxhost: 4.1.14 not found Here's the log: $ cat /var/lib/dkms/vboxhost/4.1.14/build/make.log DKMS make.log for vboxhost-4.1.14 for kernel 3.2.6 (i686) Sun May 13 14:32:52 CEST 2012 make: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6' /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/Makefile:39: /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu: No such file or directory make: *** No rule to make target `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu'. Stop. make: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6' /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/ directory: $ ls /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/ Kconfig Makefile ia32 lguest mm pci tools video Kconfig.cpu boot kernel lib net platform um xen Kconfig.debug crypto kvm math-emu oprofile power vdso Makefile references on "cpu" $ cat /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/Makefile | grep cpu include $(srctree)/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu # FIXME - should be integrated in Makefile.cpu (Makefile_32.cpu) Before upgrading to 3.X I didn't have this problem, the script would install VB correctly. Any ideas on what might be causing this? Thanks in advance!

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• How can a Linux Administrator improve their shell scripting and automation skills?

  - by ewwhite

  In my organization, I work with a group of NOC staff, budding junior engineers and a handful of senior engineers; all with a focus on Linux. One interesting step in the way the company grows talent is that there's a path from the NOC to the senior engineering ranks. Viewing the talent pool as a relative newcomer, I see that there's a split in the skill sets that tends to grow over time... There are engineers who know one or several particular technologies well and are constantly immersed... e.g. MySQL, firewalls, SAN storage, load balancers... There are others who are generalists and can navigate multiple technologies. All learn enough Linux (commands, processes) to do what they need and use on a daily basis. A differentiating factor between some of the staff is how well they embrace scripting, automation and configuration management methodologies. For instance, we have two engineers who do the bulk of Amazon AWS CloudFormation work, and another who handles most of the Puppet infrastructure. Perhaps a quarter of the engineers are adept at BASH shell scripting. Looking at this in the context of the incredibly high demand for DevOps skills in the job market, I'm curious how other organizations foster the development of these skills and grow their internal talent. Scripting doesn't seem like a particularly-teachable concept. How does a sysadmin improve their shell scripting? Is there still a place for engineers who do not/cannot keep up in the DevOps paradigm? Are we simply to assume that some people will be left behind as these technologies evolve? Is that okay?

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• How to mount vfat drive on Linux with ownership other than root?

  - by Norman Ramsey

  I'm running into trouble mounting an iPod on a newly upgraded Debian Squeeze. I suspect either a protocol has changed or I've tickled a bug, which I don't know where to report. I'm trying to mount the iPod so that I have permission to read and write it. But my efforts come to nothing: $ sudo mount -v -t vfat -o uid=32074,gid=6202 /dev/sde2 /mnt /dev/sde2 on /mnt type vfat (rw,uid=32074,gid=6202) $ ls -l /mnt total 80 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Calendars drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Contacts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Notes drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16384 Jun 23 2007 Photos drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 16384 Jun 19 2007 iPod_Control $ sudo umount /mnt $ sudo mount -v -t vfat -o uid=nr,gid=nr /dev/sde2 /mnt /dev/sde2 on /mnt type vfat (rw,uid=32074,gid=6202) $ ls -l /mnt total 80 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Calendars drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Contacts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Notes drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16384 Jun 23 2007 Photos drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 16384 Jun 19 2007 iPod_Control As you see, I've tried both symbolic and numberic IDs, but the files persist in being owned by root (and only writable by root). The IDs are really mine; I've had the UID since 1993. $ id uid=32074(nr) gid=6202(nr) groups=6202(nr),0(root),2(bin),4(adm),... I've put an strace at http://pastebin.com/Xue2u9FZ, and the mount(2) call looks good: mount("/dev/sde2", "/mnt", "vfat", MS_MGC_VAL, "uid=32074,gid=6202") = 0 Finally, here's my kernel version from uname -a: Linux homedog 2.6.32-5-686 #1 SMP Mon Jun 13 04:13:06 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux Does anyone know if I should be doing something different, or If there is a workaround, or If this is a bug, where it should be reported?

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