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• ?12c database ????Adaptive Execution Plans ????????

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  12c R1 ????SQL??????- Adaptive Execution Plans ????????,???????optimizer ??????(runtime)???????????????, ????????????????????? SQL???????? ????????????, ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????adaptive plan ????????????????????????????????????,?????subplan???????????????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????????,?????????, ?????? ???????????????”???”????, ???????????????????buffer ???????  ????????????,?????,??????????????????? ???optimizer ?????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????plan???? ??12C?????????????, ???????????????????,?????? ???????????? ????????????2???: Dynamic Plans????: ???????????????????????;??????,???optimizer??????????subplans??????????????, ???????????????????,?????????????? Reoptimization????: ?Dynamic Plans????,Reoptimization??????????????????????Reoptimization??,?????????????????????????,??reoptimization????? OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_REPORTING_ONLY ???? report-only????????????????TRUE,?????????report-only????,???????????????,??????????????? Dynamic Plans ??????????????,????????????????????????, ?????????????,???????????,????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????final plan??????????????default plan, ??final plan?default plan???????,????????????? subplan ???????????????,???????????????????????? ??????,???????statistics collector ?buffer???????????statistics collector?????????????????,???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????,??????????,?????????????? ???????????,???????buffer???? ???????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????buffer,??????final plan? ????????,???????????????????????,????????????????? ?V$SQL??????IS_RESOLVED_DYNAMIC_PLAN??????????final plan???default plan? ??????dynamic plan ???????SQL PLAN directives?????? declare cursor PLAN_DIRECTIVE_IDS is select directive_id from DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES; begin for z in PLAN_DIRECTIVE_IDS loop DBMS_SPD.DROP_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVE(z.directive_id); end loop; end; / explain plan for select /*MALCEAN*/ product_name from oe.order_items o, oe.product_information p where o.unit_price=15 and quantity>1 and p.product_id=o.product_id; select * from table(dbms_xplan.display()); Plan hash value: 1255158658 www.askmaclean.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 4 | 128 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | | | | | | 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | 4 | 128 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | ORDER_ITEMS | 4 | 48 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 4 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PRODUCT_INFORMATION_PK | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 20 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 3 - filter("O"."UNIT_PRICE"=15 AND "QUANTITY">1) 4 - access("P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID") alter session set events '10053 trace name context forever,level 1'; OR alter session set events 'trace[SQL_Plan_Directive] disk highest'; select /*MALCEAN*/ product_name from oe.order_items o, oe.product_information p where o.unit_price=15 and quantity>1 and p.product_id=o.product_id; ---------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost | Time | ---------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 7 | | | 1 | HASH JOIN | | 4 | 128 | 7 | 00:00:01 | | 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | | | | | | 3 | NESTED LOOPS | | 4 | 128 | 7 | 00:00:01 | | 4 | STATISTICS COLLECTOR | | | | | | | 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | ORDER_ITEMS | 4 | 48 | 3 | 00:00:01 | | 6 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PRODUCT_INFORMATION_PK| 1 | | 0 | | | 7 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 20 | 1 | 00:00:01 | | 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 20 | 1 | 00:00:01 | ---------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ Predicate Information: ---------------------- 1 - access("P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID") 5 - filter(("O"."UNIT_PRICE"=15 AND "QUANTITY">1)) 6 - access("P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID") ===================================== SPD: BEGIN context at statement level ===================================== Stmt: ******* UNPARSED QUERY IS ******* SELECT /*+ OPT_ESTIMATE (@"SEL$1" JOIN ("P"@"SEL$1" "O"@"SEL$1") ROWS=13.000000 ) OPT_ESTIMATE (@"SEL$1" TABLE "O"@"SEL$1" ROWS=13.000000 ) */ "P"."PRODUCT_NAME" "PRODUCT_NAME" FROM "OE"."ORDER_ITEMS" "O","OE"."PRODUCT_INFORMATION" "P" WHERE "O"."UNIT_PRICE"=15 AND "O"."QUANTITY">1 AND "P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID" Objects referenced in the statement PRODUCT_INFORMATION[P] 92194, type = 1 ORDER_ITEMS[O] 92197, type = 1 Objects in the hash table Hash table Object 92197, type = 1, ownerid = 6573730143572393221: No Dynamic Sampling Directives for the object Hash table Object 92194, type = 1, ownerid = 17822962561575639002: No Dynamic Sampling Directives for the object Return code in qosdInitDirCtx: ENBLD =================================== SPD: END context at statement level =================================== ======================================= SPD: BEGIN context at query block level ======================================= Query Block SEL$1 (#0) Return code in qosdSetupDirCtx4QB: NOCTX ===================================== SPD: END context at query block level ===================================== SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = TABLE SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 1, objcnt = 1, obItr = 0, objid = 92197, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 6, colvec = [4, 5, ], fid = 2896834833840853267 SPD: Inserted felem, fid=2896834833840853267, ftype = 1, freason = 1, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = YES, keep = YES SPD: qosdCreateFindingSingTab retCode = CREATED, fid = 2896834833840853267 SPD: qosdCreateDirCmp retCode = CREATED, fid = 2896834833840853267 SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = TABLE SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = JOIN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SKIP_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = JOIN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 1, objcnt = 1, obItr = 0, objid = 92197, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 6, colvec = [4, 5, ], fid = 2896834833840853267 SPD: Modified felem, fid=2896834833840853267, ftype = 1, freason = 1, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = YES, keep = YES SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 1, objcnt = 1, obItr = 0, objid = 92194, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 2, colvec = [1, ], fid = 5618517328604016300 SPD: Modified felem, fid=5618517328604016300, ftype = 1, freason = 1, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = NO, keep = NO SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 1, objcnt = 1, obItr = 0, objid = 92194, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 2, colvec = [1, ], fid = 1142802697078608149 SPD: Modified felem, fid=1142802697078608149, ftype = 1, freason = 1, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = NO, keep = NO SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 2, objcnt = 2, obItr = 0, objid = 92194, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 0, obItr = 1, objid = 92197, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 0, fid = 1437680122701058051 SPD: Modified felem, fid=1437680122701058051, ftype = 1, freason = 2, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = NO, keep = NO select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(format=>'report')) ; ????report????adaptive plan Adaptive plan: ------------- This cursor has an adaptive plan, but adaptive plans are enabled for reporting mode only.  The plan that would be executed if adaptive plans were enabled is displayed below. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id  | Operation          | Name                | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |                     |       |       |     7 (100)|          | |*  1 |  HASH JOIN         |                     |     4 |   128 |     7   (0)| 00:00:01 | |*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| ORDER_ITEMS         |     4 |    48 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 | |   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| PRODUCT_INFORMATION |     1 |    20 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SQL> select SQL_ID,IS_RESOLVED_DYNAMIC_PLAN,sql_text from v$SQL WHERE SQL_TEXT like '%MALCEAN%' and sql_text not like '%like%'; SQL_ID IS -------------------------- -- SQL_TEXT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6ydj1bn1bng17 Y select /*MALCEAN*/ product_name from oe.order_items o, oe.product_information p where o.unit_price=15 and quantity>1 and p.product_id=o.product_id ???? explain plan for ????default plan, ??????optimizer???final plan,??V$SQL.IS_RESOLVED_DYNAMIC_PLAN???Y,????????????? DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES?????????????SQL PLAN DIRECTIVES, ???12c? ???MMON?????DML ???column usage??????????,????SMON??? MMON????SGA??PLAN DIRECTIVES??? ?????DBMS_SPD.flush_sql_plan_directive???? select directive_id,type,reason from DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES / DIRECTIVE_ID TYPE REASON ----------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------------- 10321283028317893030 DYNAMIC_SAMPLING JOIN CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 4757086536465754886 DYNAMIC_SAMPLING JOIN CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 16085268038103121260 DYNAMIC_SAMPLING JOIN CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE SQL> set pages 9999 SQL> set lines 300 SQL> col state format a5 SQL> col subobject_name format a11 SQL> col col_name format a11 SQL> col object_name format a13 SQL> select d.directive_id, o.object_type, o.object_name, o.subobject_name col_name, d.type, d.state, d.reason 2 from dba_sql_plan_directives d, dba_sql_plan_dir_objects o 3 where d.DIRECTIVE_ID=o.DIRECTIVE_ID 4 and o.object_name in ('ORDER_ITEMS') 5 order by d.directive_id; DIRECTIVE_ID OBJECT_TYPE OBJECT_NAME COL_NAME TYPE STATE REASON ------------ ------------ ------------- ----------- -------------------------------- ----- ------------------------------------- --- 1.8156E+19 COLUMN ORDER_ITEMS UNIT_PRICE DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 1.8156E+19 TABLE ORDER_ITEMS DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 1.8156E+19 COLUMN ORDER_ITEMS QUANTITY DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES????? _BASE_OPT_DIRECTIVE ? _BASE_OPT_FINDING SELECT d.dir_own#, d.dir_id, d.f_id, decode(type, 1, 'DYNAMIC_SAMPLING', 'UNKNOWN'), decode(state, 1, 'NEW', 2, 'MISSING_STATS', 3, 'HAS_STATS', 4, 'CANDIDATE', 5, 'PERMANENT', 6, 'DISABLED', 'UNKNOWN'), decode(bitand(flags, 1), 1, 'YES', 'NO'), cast(d.created as timestamp), cast(d.last_modified as timestamp), -- Please see QOSD_DAYS_TO_UPDATE and QOSD_PLUS_SECONDS for more details -- about 6.5 cast(d.last_used as timestamp) - NUMTODSINTERVAL(6.5, 'day') FROM sys.opt_directive$ d ??dbms_spd??? SQL PLAN DIRECTIVES, SQL PLAN DIRECTIVES???retention ???53?: Package: DBMS_SPD This package provides subprograms for managing Sql Plan Directives(SPD). SPD are objects generated automatically by Oracle server. For example, if server detects that the single table cardinality estimated by optimizer is off from the actual number of rows returned when accessing the table, it will automatically create a directive to do dynamic sampling for the table. When any Sql statement referencing the table is compiled, optimizer will perform dynamic sampling for the table to get more accurate estimate. Notes: DBMSL_SPD is a invoker-rights package. The invoker requires ADMINISTER SQL MANAGEMENT OBJECT privilege for executing most of the subprograms of this package. Also the subprograms commit the current transaction (if any), perform the operation and commit it again. DBA view dba_sql_plan_directives shows all the directives created in the system and the view dba_sql_plan_dir_objects displays the objects that are included in the directives. -- Default value for SPD_RETENTION_WEEKS SPD_RETENTION_WEEKS_DEFAULT CONSTANT varchar2(4) := '53'; | STATE : NEW : Newly created directive. | : MISSING_STATS : The directive objects do not | have relevant stats. | : HAS_STATS : The objects have stats. | : PERMANENT : A permanent directive. Server | evaluated effectiveness and these | directives are useful. | | AUTO_DROP : YES : Directive will be dropped | automatically if not | used for SPD_RETENTION_WEEKS. | This is the default behavior. | NO : Directive will not be dropped | automatically. Procedure: flush_sql_plan_directive This procedure allows manually flushing the Sql Plan directives that are automatically recorded in SGA memory while executing sql statements. The information recorded in SGA are periodically flushed by oracle background processes. This procedure just provides a way to flush the information manually. ????”_optimizer_dynamic_plans”(enable dynamic plans)????????,???TRUE??DYNAMIC PLAN? ???FALSE???????????? ????,Dynamic Plan????????????Nested Loop?Hash Join???case ,????????Nested loop???????????HASH JOIN,?HASH JOIN????????????????? ????????subplan?????,???? pass?? ?join method???,?????STATISTICS COLLECTOR???cardinality?,???????HASH JOIN?????Nested Loop,????????????subplan?????access path; ???????Sales??????????????????,????HASH JOIN,??SUBPLAN??customers?????????;?????Nested Loop,???????cust_id?????Range Scan+Access by Rowid? Cardinality feedback Cardinality feedback????????11.2????,????????re-optimization???;  ???????????,Cardinality feedback?????????????????????????? ???????????????????,?????????????????,??????????Cardinality feedback????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????Cardinality feedback ??: ????????,???????????,??????????,????????????????selectivity ??? ????????????: ??????,?????????????????????????????????,??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????? ?????????,???????????????,?????????? ??????????Cardinality ????,??????join Cardinality ????????? Cardinality feedback???????cursor?,?Cursor???aged out????? SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ product_name FROM order_items o, product_information p WHERE o.unit_price = 15 AND quantity > 1 AND p.product_id = o.product_id Plan hash value: 1553478007 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads | OMem | 1Mem | Used-Mem | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 24 | 20 | | | | |* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 4 | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 24 | 20 | 2061K| 2061K| 429K (0)| |* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| ORDER_ITEMS | 1 | 4 | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | 6 | | | | | 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 1 | 288 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | 14 | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ product_name FROM order_items o, product_information p WHERE o.unit_price = 15 AND quantity > 1 AND p.product_id = o.product_id Plan hash value: 1553478007 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | OMem | 1Mem | Used-Mem | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 24 | | | | |* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 13 | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 24 | 2061K| 2061K| 413K (0)| |* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| ORDER_ITEMS | 1 | 13 | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | | | | | 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 288 | 288 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note ----- - statistics feedback used for this statement SQL> select count(*) from v$SQL where SQL_ID='cz0hg2zkvd10y'; COUNT(*) ---------- 2 SQL>select sql_ID,USE_FEEDBACK_STATS FROM V$SQL_SHARED_CURSOR where USE_FEEDBACK_STATS ='Y'; SQL_ID U ------------- - cz0hg2zkvd10y Y ????????Cardinality feedback????,???????????????????????????,????????????order_items???????? ????2??????plan hash value??(??????????),?????2????child cursor??????gather_plan_statistics???actual : A-ROWS  estimate :E-ROWS????????? Automatic Re-optimization ???dynamic plan, Re-optimization???????????????  ?  ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????  ???????????,??????????????, ???????????????????? ???????????  Re-optimization??, ????????????????????? Re-optimization????dynamic plan??????????  dynamic plan????????????????????, ???????????????????? ????,??????????join order ??????????????,?????????????join order????? ??????,????????Re-optimization, ??Re-optimization ??????????????????? ?Oracle database 12c?,join statistics?????????????????????,??????????????????????Re-optimization???????????adaptive cursor sharing????? ????????????????,???????????? ????? ???????statistics collectors ????????????????????Re-optimization??????2?????????????,???????????????? ??????????????Re-optimization?????,?????????????????????? ???v$SQL??????IS_REOPTIMIZABLE?????????????????????Re-optimization,??????????Re-optimization???,?????Re-optimization ,???????reporting????? IS_REOPTIMIZABLE VARCHAR2(1) This columns shows whether the next execution matching this child cursor will trigger a reoptimization. The values are:   Y: If the next execution will trigger a reoptimization R: If the child cursor contains reoptimization information, but will not trigger reoptimization because the cursor was compiled in reporting mode N: If the child cursor has no reoptimization information ??1: select plan_table_output from table (dbms_xplan.display_cursor('gwf99gfnm0t7g',NULL,'ALLSTATS LAST')); SQL_ID  gwf99gfnm0t7g, child number 0 ------------------------------------- SELECT /*+ SFTEST gather_plan_statistics */ o.order_id, v.product_name FROM  orders o,   ( SELECT order_id, product_name FROM order_items o, product_information p     WHERE  p.product_id = o.product_id AND list_price < 50 AND min_price < 40  ) v WHERE o.order_id = v.order_id Plan hash value: 1906736282 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id  | Operation             | Name                | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers | Reads  |  OMem |  1Mem | Used-Mem | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT      |                     |      1 |        |    269 |00:00:00.02 |    1336 |     18 |       |       |          | |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS         |                     |      1 |      1 |    269 |00:00:00.02 |    1336 |     18 |       |       |          | |   2 |   MERGE JOIN CARTESIAN|                     |      1 |      4 |   9135 |00:00:00.02 |      34 |     15 |       |       |          | |*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL  | PRODUCT_INFORMATION |      1 |      1 |     87 |00:00:00.01 |      33 |     14 |       |       |          | |   4 |    BUFFER SORT        |                     |     87 |    105 |   9135 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |      1 |  4096 |  4096 | 4096  (0)| |   5 |     INDEX FULL SCAN   | ORDER_PK            |      1 |    105 |    105 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |      1 |       |       |          | |*  6 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN   | ORDER_ITEMS_UK      |   9135 |      1 |    269 |00:00:00.01 |    1302 |      3 |       |       |          | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): ---------------------------------------------------    3 - filter(("MIN_PRICE"<40 AND "LIST_PRICE"<50))    6 - access("O"."ORDER_ID"="ORDER_ID" AND "P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID") SQL_ID  gwf99gfnm0t7g, child number 1 ------------------------------------- SELECT /*+ SFTEST gather_plan_statistics */ o.order_id, v.product_name FROM  orders o,   ( SELECT order_id, product_name FROM order_items o, product_information p     WHERE  p.product_id = o.product_id AND list_price < 50 AND min_price < 40  ) v WHERE o.order_id = v.order_id Plan hash value: 35479787 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id  | Operation              | Name                | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers | Reads  |  OMem |  1Mem | Used-Mem | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT       |                     |      1 |        |    269 |00:00:00.01 |      63 |      3 |       |       |          | |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS          |                     |      1 |    269 |    269 |00:00:00.01 |      63 |      3 |       |       |          | |*  2 |   HASH JOIN            |                     |      1 |    313 |    269 |00:00:00.01 |      42 |      3 |  1321K|  1321K| 1234K (0)| |*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL   | PRODUCT_INFORMATION |      1 |     87 |     87 |00:00:00.01 |      16 |      0 |       |       |          | |   4 |    INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| ORDER_ITEMS_UK      |      1 |    665 |    665 |00:00:00.01 |      26 |      3 |       |       |          | |*  5 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN    | ORDER_PK            |    269 |      1 |    269 |00:00:00.01 |      21 |      0 |       |       |          | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): ---------------------------------------------------    2 - access("P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID")    3 - filter(("MIN_PRICE"<40 AND "LIST_PRICE"<50))    5 - access("O"."ORDER_ID"="ORDER_ID") Note -----    - statistics feedback used for this statement    SQL> select IS_REOPTIMIZABLE,child_number FROM V$SQL  A where A.SQL_ID='gwf99gfnm0t7g'; IS CHILD_NUMBER -- ------------ Y             0 N             1    1* select child_number,other_xml From v$SQL_PLAN  where SQL_ID='gwf99gfnm0t7g' and other_xml is not nul SQL> / CHILD_NUMBER OTHER_XML ------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------            1 <other_xml><info type="cardinality_feedback">yes</info><info type="db_version">1              2.1.0.1</info><info type="parse_schema"><![CDATA["OE"]]></info><info type="plan_              hash">35479787</info><info type="plan_hash_2">3382491761</info><outline_data><hi              nt><![CDATA[IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[OPTIMIZER_FEATUR              ES_ENABLE('12.1.0.1')]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[DB_VERSION('12.1.0.1')]]></hint><h              int><![CDATA[ALL_ROWS]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$F5BB74E1")]]></              hint><hint><![CDATA[MERGE(@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE(@"SEL$1")]]>              </hint><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE(@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[FULL(@"SEL$F5BB7              4E1" "P"@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[INDEX_FFS(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$2"              ("ORDER_ITEMS"."ORDER_ID" "ORDER_ITEMS"."PRODUCT_ID"))]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[I              NDEX(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$1" ("ORDERS"."ORDER_ID"))]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[              LEADING(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "P"@"SEL$2" "O"@"SEL$2" "O"@"SEL$1")]]></hint><hint><![C              DATA[USE_HASH(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[USE_NL(@"SEL$              F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$1")]]></hint></outline_data></other_xml>            0 <other_xml><info type="db_version">12.1.0.1</info><info type="parse_schema"><![C              DATA["OE"]]></info><info type="plan_hash">1906736282</info><info type="plan_hash              _2">2579473118</info><outline_data><hint><![CDATA[IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS]]>              </hint><hint><![CDATA[OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('12.1.0.1')]]></hint><hint><![CD              ATA[DB_VERSION('12.1.0.1')]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[ALL_ROWS]]></hint><hint><![CD              ATA[OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$F5BB74E1")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[MERGE(@"SEL$2")]]></hi              nt><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE(@"SEL$1")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE(@"SEL$2")]]>              </hint><hint><![CDATA[FULL(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "P"@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[              INDEX(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$1" ("ORDERS"."ORDER_ID"))]]></hint><hint><![CDATA              [INDEX(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$2" ("ORDER_ITEMS"."ORDER_ID" "ORDER_ITEMS"."PROD              UCT_ID"))]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[LEADING(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "P"@"SEL$2" "O"@"SEL$1              " "O"@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[USE_MERGE_CARTESIAN(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"              SEL$1")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[USE_NL(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$2")]]></hint></o              utline_data></other_xml> ??2: SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ * FROM customers WHERE cust_state_province='CA' AND country_id='US'; SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(FORMAT=>'ALLSTATS LAST')); PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT ------------------------------------- SQL_ID b74nw722wjvy3, child number 0 ------------------------------------- select /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ * from customers where CUST_STATE_PROVINCE='CA' and country_id='US' Plan hash value: 1683234692 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 29 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | 14 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| CUSTOMERS | 1 | 8 | 29 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter(("CUST_STATE_PROVINCE"='CA' AND "COUNTRY_ID"='US')) SELECT SQL_ID, CHILD_NUMBER, SQL_TEXT, IS_REOPTIMIZABLE FROM V$SQL WHERE SQL_TEXT LIKE 'SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/%'; SQL_ID CHILD_NUMBER SQL_TEXT I ------------- ------------ ----------- - b74nw722wjvy3 0 select /*+g Y ather_plan_ statistics* / * from cu stomers whe re CUST_STA TE_PROVINCE ='CA' and c ountry_id=' US' EXEC DBMS_SPD.FLUSH_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVE; SELECT TO_CHAR(d.DIRECTIVE_ID) dir_id, o.OWNER, o.OBJECT_NAME, o.SUBOBJECT_NAME col_name, o.OBJECT_TYPE, d.TYPE, d.STATE, d.REASON FROM DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES d, DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIR_OBJECTS o WHERE d.DIRECTIVE_ID=o.DIRECTIVE_ID AND o.OWNER IN ('SH') ORDER BY 1,2,3,4,5; DIR_ID OWNER OBJECT_NAME COL_NAME OBJECT TYPE STATE REASON ----------------------- ----- ------------- ----------- ------ ---------------- ----- ------------------------ 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS COUNTRY_ID COLUMN DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS CUST_STATE_ COLUMN DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY PROVINCE MISESTIMATE 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS TABLE DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ * FROM customers WHERE cust_state_province='CA' AND country_id='US'; ELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(FORMAT=>'ALLSTATS LAST')); PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT ------------------------------------- SQL_ID b74nw722wjvy3, child number 1 ------------------------------------- select /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ * from customers where CUST_STATE_PROVINCE='CA' and country_id='US' Plan hash value: 1683234692 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 29 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| CUSTOMERS | 1 | 29 | 29 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter(("CUST_STATE_PROVINCE"='CA' AND "COUNTRY_ID"='US')) Note ----- - cardinality feedback used for this statement SELECT SQL_ID, CHILD_NUMBER, SQL_TEXT, IS_REOPTIMIZABLE FROM V$SQL WHERE SQL_TEXT LIKE 'SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/%'; SQL_ID CHILD_NUMBER SQL_TEXT I ------------- ------------ ----------- - b74nw722wjvy3 0 select /*+g Y ather_plan_ statistics* / * from cu stomers whe re CUST_STA TE_PROVINCE ='CA' and c ountry_id=' US' b74nw722wjvy3 1 select /*+g N ather_plan_ statistics* / * from cu stomers whe re CUST_STA TE_PROVINCE ='CA' and c ountry_id=' US' SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ CUST_EMAIL FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CUST_STATE_PROVINCE='MA' AND COUNTRY_ID='US'; SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(FORMAT=>'ALLSTATS LAST')); PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT ------------------------------------- SQL_ID 3tk6hj3nkcs2u, child number 0 ------------------------------------- Select /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ cust_email From customers Where cust_state_province='MA' And country_id='US' Plan hash value: 1683234692 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |Id | Operation | Name | Starts|E-Rows|A-Rows| A-Time |Buffers| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 2 |00:00:00.01| 16 | |*1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| CUSTOMERS | 1 | 2| 2 |00:00:00.01| 16 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter(("CUST_STATE_PROVINCE"='MA' AND "COUNTRY_ID"='US')) Note ----- - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2) - 1 Sql Plan Directive used for this statement EXEC DBMS_SPD.FLUSH_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVE; SELECT TO_CHAR(d.DIRECTIVE_ID) dir_id, o.OWNER, o.OBJECT_NAME, o.SUBOBJECT_NAME col_name, o.OBJECT_TYPE, d.TYPE, d.STATE, d.REASON FROM DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES d, DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIR_OBJECTS o WHERE d.DIRECTIVE_ID=o.DIRECTIVE_ID AND o.OWNER IN ('SH') ORDER BY 1,2,3,4,5; DIR_ID OW OBJECT_NA COL_NAME OBJECT TYPE STATE REASON ------------------- -- --------- ---------- ------- --------------- ------------- ------------------------ 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS COUNTRY_ID COLUMN DYNAMIC_SAMPLING MISSING_STATS SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS CUST_STATE_ COLUMN DYNAMIC_SAMPLING MISSING_STATS SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY PROVINCE MISESTIMATE 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS TABLE DYNAMIC_SAMPLING MISSING_STATS SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE

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• any clue in these logs why keyboard audio and internet are messed up

  - by mmj

  Jun 7 00:01:18 Isis lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm-autologin:session): session opened for user mimi by (uid=0) Jun 7 00:01:18 Isis lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm-autologin:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Jun 7 00:01:26 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Registered Authentication Agent for unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 (system bus name :1.36 [/usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1], object path /org/gnome/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale zh_CN.UTF-8) Jun 7 00:01:29 Isis dbus[610]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.44" (uid=1000 pid=1763 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.15" (uid=0 pid=1219 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") Jun 7 00:07:55 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): authentication failure; logname=mimi uid=1000 euid=0 tty=/dev/pts/1 ruser=mimi rhost= user=mimi Jun 7 00:08:11 Isis sudo: mimi : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/add-apt-repository ppa:colingille/freshlight Jun 7 00:08:11 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by mimi(uid=1000) Jun 7 00:08:32 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 00:11:20 Isis sudo: mimi : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/apt-get install gparted Jun 7 00:11:20 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by mimi(uid=1000) Jun 7 00:11:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 00:17:02 Isis CRON[2651]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 00:17:02 Isis CRON[2651]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 00:17:32 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 successfully authenticated as unix-user:mimi to gain ONE-SHOT authorization for action com.ubuntu.pkexec.gparted for unix-process:2655:96838 [/bin/sh /usr/bin/gparted-pkexec] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 00:17:32 Isis pkexec: pam_unix(polkit-1:session): session opened for user root by (uid=1000) Jun 7 00:17:32 Isis pkexec: pam_ck_connector(polkit-1:session): cannot determine display-device Jun 7 00:17:32 Isis pkexec[2657]: mimi: Executing command [USER=root] [TTY=unknown] [CWD=/home/mimi] [COMMAND=/usr/sbin/gparted] Jun 7 00:48:15 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 successfully authenticated as unix-user:mimi to gain ONE-SHOT authorization for action com.ubuntu.pkexec.gparted for unix-process:3813:281120 [/bin/sh /usr/bin/gparted-pkexec] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 00:48:15 Isis pkexec: pam_unix(polkit-1:session): session opened for user root by (uid=1000) Jun 7 00:48:15 Isis pkexec: pam_ck_connector(polkit-1:session): cannot determine display-device Jun 7 00:48:15 Isis pkexec[3815]: mimi: Executing command [USER=root] [TTY=unknown] [CWD=/home/mimi] [COMMAND=/usr/sbin/gparted] Jun 7 01:17:01 Isis CRON[3960]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 01:17:01 Isis CRON[3960]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 02:08:52 Isis gnome-screensaver-dialog: gkr-pam: unlocked login keyring Jun 7 02:17:01 Isis CRON[4246]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 02:17:01 Isis CRON[4246]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 02:17:05 Isis sudo: mimi : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/apt-get install unetbootin Jun 7 02:17:05 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by mimi(uid=1000) Jun 7 02:17:57 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 02:18:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:18:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:18:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:18:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:18:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:18:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:18:59 Isis sudo: mimi : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=unknown ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/unetbootin 'rootcheck=no' Jun 7 02:18:59 Isis sudo: unable to execute /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory Jun 7 02:19:26 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:19:26 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:19:26 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:19:26 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:19:26 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:19:26 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:19:26 Isis sudo: mimi : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=unknown ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/unetbootin 'rootcheck=no' Jun 7 02:19:26 Isis sudo: unable to execute /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory Jun 7 02:33:21 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:33:21 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:33:21 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:33:21 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:33:21 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 02:33:21 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 02:33:21 Isis sudo: mimi : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=unknown ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/unetbootin 'rootcheck=no' Jun 7 02:33:21 Isis sudo: unable to execute /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory Jun 7 02:40:04 Isis sudo: mimi : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/unetbootin rootcheck=no Jun 7 02:40:04 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by mimi(uid=1000) Jun 7 03:17:01 Isis CRON[5506]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 03:17:01 Isis CRON[5506]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 03:33:24 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 03:33:43 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 03:33:43 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 03:33:43 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 03:33:43 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 03:33:43 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 03:33:43 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 03:33:43 Isis sudo: mimi : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/unetbootin showall=yes 'rootcheck=no' Jun 7 03:33:43 Isis sudo: unable to execute /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory Jun 7 04:17:01 Isis CRON[6119]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 04:17:01 Isis CRON[6119]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 04:18:35 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 successfully authenticated as unix-user:mimi to gain TEMPORARY authorization for action org.debian.apt.install-or-remove-packages for system-bus-name::1.79 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/landscape-client-ui-install] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 04:19:11 Isis groupadd[6702]: group added to /etc/group: name=landscape, GID=127 Jun 7 04:19:11 Isis groupadd[6702]: group added to /etc/gshadow: name=landscape Jun 7 04:19:11 Isis groupadd[6702]: new group: name=landscape, GID=127 Jun 7 04:19:11 Isis useradd[6706]: new user: name=landscape, UID=115, GID=127, home=/var/lib/landscape, shell=/bin/false Jun 7 04:19:12 Isis usermod[6711]: change user 'landscape' password Jun 7 04:19:12 Isis chage[6716]: changed password expiry for landscape Jun 7 04:19:37 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action com.canonical.LandscapeClientSettings.configure for unix-process:6146:1543697 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/landscape-client-settings-ui] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 04:20:20 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action com.canonical.LandscapeClientSettings.configure for unix-process:6832:1555313 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/landscape-client-settings-ui] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 04:21:04 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action com.ubuntu.languageselector.setsystemdefaultlanguage for unix-process:6827:1555123 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 04:21:08 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action com.ubuntu.languageselector.setsystemdefaultlanguage for unix-process:6827:1555123 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 04:21:44 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action org.debian.apt.install-or-remove-packages for system-bus-name::1.87 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 04:22:27 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 successfully authenticated as unix-user:mimi to gain TEMPORARY authorization for action com.canonical.LandscapeClientSettings.configure for unix-process:7830:1567424 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/landscape-client-settings-ui] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 04:25:50 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action com.ubuntu.languageselector.setsystemdefaultlanguage for unix-process:7876:1584865 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 04:25:52 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action com.ubuntu.languageselector.setsystemdefaultlanguage for unix-process:7876:1584865 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 05:11:57 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 successfully authenticated as unix-user:mimi to gain TEMPORARY authorization for action org.debian.apt.install-or-remove-packages for system-bus-name::1.95 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 05:17:02 Isis CRON[8708]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 05:17:02 Isis CRON[8708]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 05:28:03 Isis lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm-autologin:session): session opened for user mimi by (uid=0) Jun 7 05:28:03 Isis lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm-autologin:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Jun 7 05:28:17 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Registered Authentication Agent for unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 (system bus name :1.32 [/usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1], object path /org/gnome/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8) Jun 7 05:28:32 Isis dbus[660]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.44" (uid=1000 pid=1736 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.17" (uid=0 pid=1333 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") Jun 7 06:17:01 Isis CRON[2391]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 06:17:02 Isis CRON[2391]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 06:25:02 Isis CRON[2492]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 06:25:02 Isis CRON[2492]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 07:17:01 Isis CRON[3174]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 07:17:01 Isis CRON[3174]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 07:30:01 Isis CRON[3397]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 07:30:01 Isis CRON[3397]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 08:09:01 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:09:01 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:09:01 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:09:01 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:09:01 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:09:01 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:09:01 Isis sudo: mimi : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=unknown ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/share/checkbox/backend --path=/usr/share/checkbox/scripts:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games /tmp/checkboxQbuE6V/input /tmp/checkboxQbuE6V/output Jun 7 08:09:01 Isis sudo: unable to execute /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory Jun 7 08:09:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:09:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:09:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:09:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:09:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:09:59 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:09:59 Isis sudo: mimi : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=unknown ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/share/checkbox/backend --path=/usr/share/checkbox/scripts:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games /tmp/checkboxQbuE6V/input /tmp/checkboxQbuE6V/output Jun 7 08:09:59 Isis sudo: unable to execute /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory Jun 7 08:10:55 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:10:55 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:10:55 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:10:55 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:10:55 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 08:10:55 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 08:10:55 Isis sudo: mimi : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=unknown ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/share/checkbox/backend --path=/usr/share/checkbox/scripts:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games /tmp/checkboxQbuE6V/input /tmp/checkboxQbuE6V/output Jun 7 08:10:55 Isis sudo: unable to execute /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory Jun 7 08:17:01 Isis CRON[4215]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 08:17:01 Isis CRON[4215]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 09:17:02 Isis CRON[4766]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 09:17:02 Isis CRON[4766]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 10:17:02 Isis CRON[5046]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 10:17:02 Isis CRON[5046]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 11:17:02 Isis CRON[5325]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 11:17:02 Isis CRON[5325]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 12:17:01 Isis CRON[5617]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 12:17:01 Isis CRON[5617]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 13:07:51 Isis gnome-screensaver-dialog: pam_unix(gnome-screensaver:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=1000 euid=1000 tty=:0.0 ruser= rhost= user=mimi Jun 7 13:07:51 Isis gnome-screensaver-dialog: pam_winbind(gnome-screensaver:auth): getting password (0x00000388) Jun 7 13:07:51 Isis gnome-screensaver-dialog: pam_winbind(gnome-screensaver:auth): pam_get_item returned a password Jun 7 13:07:51 Isis gnome-screensaver-dialog: pam_winbind(gnome-screensaver:auth): request wbcLogonUser failed: WBC_ERR_AUTH_ERROR, PAM error: PAM_USER_UNKNOWN (10), NTSTATUS: NT_STATUS_NO_SUCH_USER, Error message was: No such user Jun 7 13:08:03 Isis gnome-screensaver-dialog: pam_unix(gnome-screensaver:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 13:08:03 Isis gnome-screensaver-dialog: pam_unix(gnome-screensaver:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 13:08:03 Isis gnome-screensaver-dialog: pam_winbind(gnome-screensaver:auth): getting password (0x00000388) Jun 7 13:08:08 Isis lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) Jun 7 13:08:08 Isis lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :1 Jun 7 13:08:13 Isis lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "mimi" Jun 7 13:08:16 Isis dbus[660]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.91" (uid=104 pid=5961 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.17" (uid=0 pid=1333 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") Jun 7 13:08:18 Isis dbus[660]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.98" (uid=104 pid=5999 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.17" (uid=0 pid=1333 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") Jun 7 13:10:15 Isis lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session closed for user lightdm Jun 7 13:17:02 Isis CRON[6181]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 13:17:02 Isis CRON[6181]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 13:55:14 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 13:55:14 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 13:55:14 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 13:55:14 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 13:55:14 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): conversation failed Jun 7 13:55:14 Isis sudo: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [mimi] Jun 7 13:55:14 Isis sudo: mimi : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=unknown ; PWD=/home/mimi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/unetbootin 'rootcheck=no' Jun 7 13:55:14 Isis sudo: unable to execute /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory Jun 7 14:02:33 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action com.canonical.LandscapeClientSettings.configure for unix-process:6736:3087856 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/landscape-client-settings-ui] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 14:02:51 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action com.canonical.LandscapeClientSettings.configure for unix-process:6752:3089992 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/landscape-client-settings-ui] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 14:03:14 Isis polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session1 successfully authenticated as unix-user:mimi to gain TEMPORARY authorization for action com.canonical.LandscapeClientSettings.configure for unix-process:6763:3092515 [/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/landscape-client-settings-ui] (owned by unix-user:mimi) Jun 7 14:17:01 Isis CRON[6933]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 14:17:01 Isis CRON[6933]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 7 15:17:02 Isis CRON[7611]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 7 15:17:02 Isis CRON[7611]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root

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• Creating STA COM compatible ASP.NET Applications

  - by Rick Strahl

  When building ASP.NET applications that interface with old school COM objects like those created with VB6 or Visual FoxPro (MTDLL), it's extremely important that the threads that are serving requests use Single Threaded Apartment Threading. STA is a COM built-in technology that allows essentially single threaded components to operate reliably in a multi-threaded environment. STA's guarantee that COM objects instantiated on a specific thread stay on that specific thread and any access to a COM object from another thread automatically marshals that thread to the STA thread. The end effect is that you can have multiple threads, but a COM object instance lives on a fixed never changing thread. ASP.NET by default uses MTA (multi-threaded apartment) threads which are truly free spinning threads that pay no heed to COM object marshaling. This is vastly more efficient than STA threading which has a bit of overhead in determining whether it's OK to run code on a given thread or whether some sort of thread/COM marshaling needs to occur. MTA COM components can be very efficient, but STA COM components in a multi-threaded environment always tend to have a fair amount of overhead. It's amazing how much COM Interop I still see today so while it seems really old school to be talking about this topic, it's actually quite apropos for me as I have many customers using legacy COM systems that need to interface with other .NET applications. In this post I'm consolidating some of the hacks I've used to integrate with various ASP.NET technologies when using STA COM Components. STA in ASP.NET Support for STA threading in the ASP.NET framework is fairly limited. Specifically only the original ASP.NET WebForms technology supports STA threading directly via its STA Page Handler implementation or what you might know as ASPCOMPAT mode. For WebForms running STA components is as easy as specifying the ASPCOMPAT attribute in the @Page tag:<%@ Page Language="C#" AspCompat="true" %> which runs the page in STA mode. Removing it runs in MTA mode. Simple. Unfortunately all other ASP.NET technologies built on top of the core ASP.NET engine do not support STA natively. So if you want to use STA COM components in MVC or with class ASMX Web Services, there's no automatic way like the ASPCOMPAT keyword available. So what happens when you run an STA COM component in an MTA application? In low volume environments - nothing much will happen. The COM objects will appear to work just fine as there are no simultaneous thread interactions and the COM component will happily run on a single thread or multiple single threads one at a time. So for testing running components in MTA environments may appear to work just fine. However as load increases and threads get re-used by ASP.NET COM objects will end up getting created on multiple different threads. This can result in crashes or hangs, or data corruption in the STA components which store their state in thread local storage on the STA thread. If threads overlap this global store can easily get corrupted which in turn causes problems. STA ensures that any COM object instance loaded always stays on the same thread it was instantiated on. What about COM+? COM+ is supposed to address the problem of STA in MTA applications by providing an abstraction with it's own thread pool manager for COM objects. It steps in to the COM instantiation pipeline and hands out COM instances from its own internally maintained STA Thread pool. This guarantees that the COM instantiation threads are STA threads if using STA components. COM+ works, but in my experience the technology is very, very slow for STA components. It adds a ton of overhead and reduces COM performance noticably in load tests in IIS. COM+ can make sense in some situations but for Web apps with STA components it falls short. In addition there's also the need to ensure that COM+ is set up and configured on the target machine and the fact that components have to be registered in COM+. COM+ also keeps components up at all times, so if a component needs to be replaced the COM+ package needs to be unloaded (same is true for IIS hosted components but it's more common to manage that). COM+ is an option for well established components, but native STA support tends to provide better performance and more consistent usability, IMHO. STA for non supporting ASP.NET Technologies As mentioned above only WebForms supports STA natively. However, by utilizing the WebForms ASP.NET Page handler internally it's actually possible to trick various other ASP.NET technologies and let them work with STA components. This is ugly but I've used each of these in various applications and I've had minimal problems making them work with FoxPro STA COM components which is about as dififcult as it gets for COM Interop in .NET. In this post I summarize several STA workarounds that enable you to use STA threading with these ASP.NET Technologies: ASMX Web Services ASP.NET MVC WCF Web Services ASP.NET Web API ASMX Web Services I start with classic ASP.NET ASMX Web Services because it's the easiest mechanism that allows for STA modification. It also clearly demonstrates how the WebForms STA Page Handler is the key technology to enable the various other solutions to create STA components. Essentially the way this works is to override the WebForms Page class and hijack it's init functionality for processing requests. Here's what this looks like for Web Services:namespace FoxProAspNet { public class WebServiceStaHandler : System.Web.UI.Page, IHttpAsyncHandler { protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e) { IHttpHandler handler = new WebServiceHandlerFactory().GetHandler( this.Context, this.Context.Request.HttpMethod, this.Context.Request.FilePath, this.Context.Request.PhysicalPath); handler.ProcessRequest(this.Context); this.Context.ApplicationInstance.CompleteRequest(); } public IAsyncResult BeginProcessRequest( HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, object extraData) { return this.AspCompatBeginProcessRequest(context, cb, extraData); } public void EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result) { this.AspCompatEndProcessRequest(result); } } public class AspCompatWebServiceStaHandlerWithSessionState : WebServiceStaHandler, IRequiresSessionState { } } This class overrides the ASP.NET WebForms Page class which has a little known AspCompatBeginProcessRequest() and AspCompatEndProcessRequest() method that is responsible for providing the WebForms ASPCOMPAT functionality. These methods handle routing requests to STA threads. Note there are two classes - one that includes session state and one that does not. If you plan on using ASP.NET Session state use the latter class, otherwise stick to the former. This maps to the EnableSessionState page setting in WebForms. This class simply hooks into this functionality by overriding the BeginProcessRequest and EndProcessRequest methods and always forcing it into the AspCompat methods. The way this works is that BeginProcessRequest() fires first to set up the threads and starts intializing the handler. As part of that process the OnInit() method is fired which is now already running on an STA thread. The code then creates an instance of the actual WebService handler factory and calls its ProcessRequest method to start executing which generates the Web Service result. Immediately after ProcessRequest the request is stopped with Application.CompletRequest() which ensures that the rest of the Page handler logic doesn't fire. This means that even though the fairly heavy Page class is overridden here, it doesn't end up executing any of its internal processing which makes this code fairly efficient. In a nutshell, we're highjacking the Page HttpHandler and forcing it to process the WebService process handler in the context of the AspCompat handler behavior. Hooking up the Handler Because the above is an HttpHandler implementation you need to hook up the custom handler and replace the standard ASMX handler. To do this you need to modify the web.config file (here for IIS 7 and IIS Express): <configuration> <system.webServer> <handlers> <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated-4.0" /> <add name="Asmx STA Web Service Handler" path="*.asmx" verb="*" type="FoxProAspNet.WebServiceStaHandler" precondition="integrated"/> </handlers> </system.webServer> </configuration> (Note: The name for the WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated-4.0 might be slightly different depending on your server version. Check the IIS Handler configuration in the IIS Management Console for the exact name or simply remove the handler from the list there which will propagate to your web.config). For IIS 5 & 6 (Windows XP/2003) or the Visual Studio Web Server use:<configuration> <system.web> <httpHandlers> <remove path="*.asmx" verb="*" /> <add path="*.asmx" verb="*" type="FoxProAspNet.WebServiceStaHandler" /> </httpHandlers> </system.web></configuration> To test, create a new ASMX Web Service and create a method like this: [WebService(Namespace = "http://foxaspnet.org/")] [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] public class FoxWebService : System.Web.Services.WebService { [WebMethod] public string HelloWorld() { return "Hello World. Threading mode is: " + System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState(); } } Run this before you put in the web.config configuration changes and you should get: Hello World. Threading mode is: MTA Then put the handler mapping into Web.config and you should see: Hello World. Threading mode is: STA And you're on your way to using STA COM components. It's a hack but it works well! I've used this with several high volume Web Service installations with various customers and it's been fast and reliable. ASP.NET MVC ASP.NET MVC has quickly become the most popular ASP.NET technology, replacing WebForms for creating HTML output. MVC is more complex to get started with, but once you understand the basic structure of how requests flow through the MVC pipeline it's easy to use and amazingly flexible in manipulating HTML requests. In addition, MVC has great support for non-HTML output sources like JSON and XML, making it an excellent choice for AJAX requests without any additional tools. Unlike WebForms ASP.NET MVC doesn't support STA threads natively and so some trickery is needed to make it work with STA threads as well. MVC gets its handler implementation through custom route handlers using ASP.NET's built in routing semantics. To work in an STA handler requires working in the Page Handler as part of the Route Handler implementation. As with the Web Service handler the first step is to create a custom HttpHandler that can instantiate an MVC request pipeline properly:public class MvcStaThreadHttpAsyncHandler : Page, IHttpAsyncHandler, IRequiresSessionState { private RequestContext _requestContext; public MvcStaThreadHttpAsyncHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { if (requestContext == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("requestContext"); _requestContext = requestContext; } public IAsyncResult BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, object extraData) { return this.AspCompatBeginProcessRequest(context, cb, extraData); } protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e) { var controllerName = _requestContext.RouteData.GetRequiredString("controller"); var controllerFactory = ControllerBuilder.Current.GetControllerFactory(); var controller = controllerFactory.CreateController(_requestContext, controllerName); if (controller == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Could not find controller: " + controllerName); try { controller.Execute(_requestContext); } finally { controllerFactory.ReleaseController(controller); } this.Context.ApplicationInstance.CompleteRequest(); } public void EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result) { this.AspCompatEndProcessRequest(result); } public override void ProcessRequest(HttpContext httpContext) { throw new NotSupportedException("STAThreadRouteHandler does not support ProcessRequest called (only BeginProcessRequest)"); } } This handler code figures out which controller to load and then executes the controller. MVC internally provides the information needed to route to the appropriate method and pass the right parameters. Like the Web Service handler the logic occurs in the OnInit() and performs all the processing in that part of the request. Next, we need a RouteHandler that can actually pick up this handler. Unlike the Web Service handler where we simply registered the handler, MVC requires a RouteHandler to pick up the handler. RouteHandlers look at the URL's path and based on that decide on what handler to invoke. The route handler is pretty simple - all it does is load our custom handler: public class MvcStaThreadRouteHandler : IRouteHandler { public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { if (requestContext == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("requestContext"); return new MvcStaThreadHttpAsyncHandler(requestContext); } } At this point you can instantiate this route handler and force STA requests to MVC by specifying a route. The following sets up the ASP.NET Default Route:Route mvcRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}/{id}", new RouteValueDictionary( new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }), new MvcStaThreadRouteHandler()); RouteTable.Routes.Add(mvcRoute);   To make this code a little easier to work with and mimic the behavior of the routes.MapRoute() functionality extension method that MVC provides, here is an extension method for MapMvcStaRoute(): public static class RouteCollectionExtensions { public static void MapMvcStaRoute(this RouteCollection routeTable, string name, string url, object defaults = null) { Route mvcRoute = new Route(url, new RouteValueDictionary(defaults), new MvcStaThreadRouteHandler()); RouteTable.Routes.Add(mvcRoute); } } With this the syntax to add  route becomes a little easier and matches the MapRoute() method:RouteTable.Routes.MapMvcStaRoute( name: "Default", url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); The nice thing about this route handler, STA Handler and extension method is that it's fully self contained. You can put all three into a single class file and stick it into your Web app, and then simply call MapMvcStaRoute() and it just works. Easy! To see whether this works create an MVC controller like this: public class ThreadTestController : Controller { public string ThreadingMode() { return Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState().ToString(); } } Try this test both with only the MapRoute() hookup in the RouteConfiguration in which case you should get MTA as the value. Then change the MapRoute() call to MapMvcStaRoute() leaving all the parameters the same and re-run the request. You now should see STA as the result. You're on your way using STA COM components reliably in ASP.NET MVC. WCF Web Services running through IIS WCF Web Services provide a more robust and wider range of services for Web Services. You can use WCF over HTTP, TCP, and Pipes, and WCF services support WS* secure services. There are many features in WCF that go way beyond what ASMX can do. But it's also a bit more complex than ASMX. As a basic rule if you need to serve straight SOAP Services over HTTP I 'd recommend sticking with the simpler ASMX services especially if COM is involved. If you need WS* support or want to serve data over non-HTTP protocols then WCF makes more sense. WCF is not my forte but I found a solution from Scott Seely on his blog that describes the progress and that seems to work well. I'm copying his code below so this STA information is all in one place and quickly explain. Scott's code basically works by creating a custom OperationBehavior which can be specified via an [STAOperation] attribute on every method. Using his attribute you end up with a class (or Interface if you separate the contract and class) that looks like this: [ServiceContract] public class WcfService { [OperationContract] public string HelloWorldMta() { return Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState().ToString(); } // Make sure you use this custom STAOperationBehavior // attribute to force STA operation of service methods [STAOperationBehavior] [OperationContract] public string HelloWorldSta() { return Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState().ToString(); } } Pretty straight forward. The latter method returns STA while the former returns MTA. To make STA work every method needs to be marked up. The implementation consists of the attribute and OperationInvoker implementation. Here are the two classes required to make this work from Scott's post:public class STAOperationBehaviorAttribute : Attribute, IOperationBehavior { public void AddBindingParameters(OperationDescription operationDescription, System.ServiceModel.Channels.BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) { } public void ApplyClientBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ClientOperation clientOperation) { // If this is applied on the client, well, it just doesn’t make sense. // Don’t throw in case this attribute was applied on the contract // instead of the implementation. } public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DispatchOperation dispatchOperation) { // Change the IOperationInvoker for this operation. dispatchOperation.Invoker = new STAOperationInvoker(dispatchOperation.Invoker); } public void Validate(OperationDescription operationDescription) { if (operationDescription.SyncMethod == null) { throw new InvalidOperationException("The STAOperationBehaviorAttribute " + "only works for synchronous method invocations."); } } } public class STAOperationInvoker : IOperationInvoker { IOperationInvoker _innerInvoker; public STAOperationInvoker(IOperationInvoker invoker) { _innerInvoker = invoker; } public object[] AllocateInputs() { return _innerInvoker.AllocateInputs(); } public object Invoke(object instance, object[] inputs, out object[] outputs) { // Create a new, STA thread object[] staOutputs = null; object retval = null; Thread thread = new Thread( delegate() { retval = _innerInvoker.Invoke(instance, inputs, out staOutputs); }); thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA); thread.Start(); thread.Join(); outputs = staOutputs; return retval; } public IAsyncResult InvokeBegin(object instance, object[] inputs, AsyncCallback callback, object state) { // We don’t handle async… throw new NotImplementedException(); } public object InvokeEnd(object instance, out object[] outputs, IAsyncResult result) { // We don’t handle async… throw new NotImplementedException(); } public bool IsSynchronous { get { return true; } } } The key in this setup is the Invoker and the Invoke method which creates a new thread and then fires the request on this new thread. Because this approach creates a new thread for every request it's not super efficient. There's a bunch of overhead involved in creating the thread and throwing it away after each thread, but it'll work for low volume requests and insure each thread runs in STA mode. If better performance is required it would be useful to create a custom thread manager that can pool a number of STA threads and hand off threads as needed rather than creating new threads on every request. If your Web Service needs are simple and you need only to serve standard SOAP 1.x requests, I would recommend sticking with ASMX services. It's easier to set up and work with and for STA component use it'll be significantly better performing since ASP.NET manages the STA thread pool for you rather than firing new threads for each request. One nice thing about Scotts code is though that it works in any WCF environment including self hosting. It has no dependency on ASP.NET or WebForms for that matter. STA - If you must STA components are a  pain in the ass and thankfully there isn't too much stuff out there anymore that requires it. But when you need it and you need to access STA functionality from .NET at least there are a few options available to make it happen. Each of these solutions is a bit hacky, but they work - I've used all of them in production with good results with FoxPro components. I hope compiling all of these in one place here makes it STA consumption a little bit easier. I feel your pain :-) Resources Download STA Handler Code Examples Scott Seely's original STA WCF OperationBehavior Article© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in FoxPro   ASP.NET  .NET  COM   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• Is your team is a high-performing team?

  As a child I can remember looking out of the car window as my father drove along the Interstate in Florida while seeing prisoners wearing bright orange jump suits and prison guards keeping a watchful eye on them. The prisoners were taking part in a prison road gang. These road gangs were formed to help the state maintain the state highway infrastructure. The prisoner’s primary responsibilities are to pick up trash and debris from the roadway. This is a prime example of a work group or working group used by most prison systems in the United States. Work groups or working groups can be defined as a collection of individuals or entities working together to achieve a specific goal or accomplish a specific set of tasks. Typically these groups are only established for a short period of time and are dissolved once the desired outcome has been achieved. More often than not group members usually feel as though they are expendable to the group and some even dread that they are even in the group. "A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they are mutually accountable." (Katzenbach and Smith, 1993) So how do you determine that a team is a high-performing team?  This can be determined by three base line criteria that include: consistently high quality output, the promotion of personal growth and well being of all team members, and most importantly the ability to learn and grow as a unit. Initially, a team can successfully create high-performing output without meeting all three criteria, however this will erode over time because team members will feel detached from the group or that they are not growing then the quality of the output will decline. High performing teams are similar to work groups because they both utilize a collection of individuals or entities to accomplish tasks. What distinguish a high-performing team from a work group are its characteristics. High-performing teams contain five core characteristics. These characteristics are what separate a group from a team. The five characteristics of a high-performing team include: Purpose, Performance Measures, People with Tasks and Relationship Skills, Process, and Preparation and Practice. A high-performing team is much more than a work group, and typically has a life cycle that can vary from team to team. The standard team lifecycle consists of five states and is comparable to a human life cycle. The five states of a high-performing team lifecycle include: Formulating, Storming, Normalizing, Performing, and Adjourning. The Formulating State of a team is first realized when the team members are first defined and roles are assigned to all members. This initial stage is very important because it can set the tone for the team and can ultimately determine its success or failure. In addition, this stage requires the team to have a strong leader because team members are normally unclear about specific roles, specific obstacles and goals that my lay ahead of them.  Finally, this stage is where most team members initially meet one another prior to working as a team unless the team members already know each other. The Storming State normally arrives directly after the formulation of a new team because there are still a lot of unknowns amongst the newly formed assembly. As a general rule most of the parties involved in the team are still getting used to the workload, pace of work, deadlines and the validity of various tasks that need to be performed by the group.  In this state everything is questioned because there are so many unknowns. Items commonly questioned include the credentials of others on the team, the actual validity of a project, and the leadership abilities of the team leader.  This can be exemplified by looking at the interactions between animals when they first meet.  If we look at a scenario where two people are walking directly toward each other with their dogs. The dogs will automatically enter the Storming State because they do not know the other dog. Typically in this situation, they attempt to define which is more dominating via play or fighting depending on how the dogs interact with each other. Once dominance has been defined and accepted by both dogs then they will either want to play or leave depending on how the dogs interacted and other environmental variables. Once the Storming State has been realized then the Normalizing State takes over. This state is entered by a team once all the questions of the Storming State have been answered and the team has been tested by a few tasks or projects.  Typically, participants in the team are filled with energy, and comradery, and a strong alliance with team goals and objectives.  A high school football team is a perfect example of the Normalizing State when they start their season.  The player positions have been assigned, the depth chart has been filled and everyone is focused on winning each game. All of the players encourage and expect each other to perform at the best of their abilities and are united by competition from other teams. The Performing State is achieved by a team when its history, working habits, and culture solidify the team as one working unit. In this state team members can anticipate specific behaviors, attitudes, reactions, and challenges are seen as opportunities and not problems. Additionally, each team member knows their role in the team’s success, and the roles of others. This is the most productive state of a group and is where all the time invested working together really pays off. If you look at an Olympic figure skating team skate you can easily see how the time spent working together benefits their performance. They skate as one unit even though it is comprised of two skaters. Each skater has their routine completely memorized as well as their partners. This allows them to anticipate each other’s moves on the ice makes their skating look effortless. The final state of a team is the Adjourning State. This state is where accomplishments by the team and each individual team member are recognized. Additionally, this state also allows for reflection of the interactions between team members, work accomplished and challenges that were faced. Finally, the team celebrates the challenges they have faced and overcome as a unit. Currently in the workplace teams are divided into two different types: Co-located and Distributed Teams. Co-located teams defined as the traditional group of people working together in an office, according to Andy Singleton of Assembla. This traditional type of a team has dominated business in the past due to inadequate technology, which forced workers to primarily interact with one another via face to face meetings.  Team meetings are primarily lead by the person with the highest status in the company. Having personally, participated in meetings of this type, usually a select few of the team members dominate the flow of communication which reduces the input of others in group discussions. Since discussions are dominated by a select few individuals the discussions and group discussion are skewed in favor of the individuals who communicate the most in meetings. In addition, Team members might not give their full opinions on a topic of discussion in part not to offend or create controversy amongst the team and can alter decision made in meetings towards those of the opinions of the dominating team members. Distributed teams are by definition spread across an area or subdivided into separate sections. That is exactly what distributed teams when compared to a more traditional team. It is common place for distributed teams to have team members across town, in the next state, across the country and even with the advances in technology over the last 20 year across the world. These teams allow for more diversity compared to the other type of teams because they allow for more flexibility regarding location. A team could consist of a 30 year old male Italian project manager from New York, a 50 year old female Hispanic from California and a collection of programmers from India because technology allows them to communicate as if they were standing next to one another.  In addition, distributed team members consult with more team members prior to making decisions compared to traditional teams, and take longer to come to decisions due to the changes in time zones and cultural events. However, team members feel more empowered to speak out when they do not agree with the team and to notify others of potential issues regarding the work that the team is doing. Virtual teams which are a subset of the distributed team type is changing organizational strategies due to the fact that a team can now in essence be working 24 hrs a day because of utilizing employees in various time zones and locations.  A primary example of this is with customer services departments, a company can have multiple call centers spread across multiple time zones allowing them to appear to be open 24 hours a day while all a employees work from 9AM to 5 PM every day. Virtual teams also allow human resources departments to go after the best talent for the company regardless of where the potential employee works because they will be a part of a virtual team all that is need is the proper technology to be setup to allow everyone to communicate. In addition to allowing employees to work from home, the company can save space and resources by not having to provide a desk for every team member. In fact, those team members that randomly come into the office can actually share one desk amongst multiple people. This is definitely a cost cutting plus given the current state of the economy. One thing that can turn a team into a high-performing team is leadership. High-performing team leaders need to focus on investing in ongoing personal development, provide team members with direction, structure, and resources needed to accomplish their work, make the right interventions at the right time, and help the team manage boundaries between the team and various external parties involved in the teams work. A team leader needs to invest in ongoing personal development in order to effectively manage their team. People have said that attitude is everything; this is very true about leaders and leadership. A team takes on the attitudes and behaviors of its leaders. This can potentially harm the team and the team’s output. Leaders must concentrate on self-awareness, and understanding their team’s group dynamics to fully understand how to lead them. In addition, always learning new leadership techniques from other effective leaders is also very beneficial. Providing team members with direction, structure, and resources that they need to accomplish their work collectively sounds easy, but it is not.  Leaders need to be able to effectively communicate with their team on how their work helps the company reach for its organizational vision. Conversely, the leader needs to allow his team to work autonomously within specific guidelines to turn the company’s vision into a reality.  This being said the team must be appropriately staffed according to the size of the team’s tasks and their complexity. These tasks should be clear, and be meaningful to the company’s objectives and allow for feedback to be exchanged with the leader and the team member and the leader and upper management. Now if the team is properly staffed, and has a clear and full understanding of what is to be done; the company also must supply the workers with the proper tools to achieve the tasks that they are asked to do. No one should be asked to dig a hole without being given a shovel.  Finally, leaders must reward their team members for accomplishments that they achieve. Awards could range from just a simple congratulatory email, a party to close the completion of a large project, or other monetary rewards. Managing boundaries is very important for team leaders because it can alter attitudes of team members and can add undue stress to the team which will force them to loose focus on the tasks at hand for the group. Team leaders should promote communication between team members so that burdens are shared amongst the team and solutions can be derived from hearing the opinions of multiple sources. This also reinforces team camaraderie and working as a unit. Team leaders must manage the type and timing of interventions as to not create an even bigger mess within the team. Poorly timed interventions can really deflate team members and make them question themselves. This could really increase further and undue interventions by the team leader. Typically, the best time for interventions is when the team is just starting to form so that all unproductive behaviors are removed from the team and that it can retain focus on its agenda. If an intervention is effectively executed the team will feel energized about the work that they are doing, promote communication and interaction amongst the group and improve moral overall. High-performing teams are very import to organizations because they consistently produce high quality output and develop a collective purpose for their work. This drive to succeed allows team members to utilize specific talents allowing for growth in these areas.  In addition, these team members usually take on a sense of ownership with their projects and feel that the other team members are irreplaceable. References: http://blog.assembla.com/assemblablog/tabid/12618/bid/3127/Three-ways-to-organize-your-team-co-located-outsourced-or-global.aspx Katzenbach, J.R. & Smith, D.K. (1993). The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-performance Organization. Boston: Harvard Business School.

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• ObservableCollection is not updating Multibinding in C# WPF

  - by Decept

  I have a TreeView that creates all its items from databound ObservableCollections. I have a hierarchy of GameNode objects, each object has two ObservableCollections. One collections has EntityAttrib objects and the other have GameNode objects. You could say that the GameNode object represents folders and EntityAttrib represents files. To display both attrib and GameNodes in the same TreeView I use Multibinding. This all works fine in startup, but when I add a new GameNode somewhere in the hierarchy the TreeView is not updated. I set a breakpoint in my converter method but it's not called when adding a new GameNode. It seems that the ObservableCollection is not notifying the MultiBinding of the change. If I comment out the MultiBinding and only bind the GameNode collection it works as expected. XAML: <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:GameNode}"> <HierarchicalDataTemplate.ItemsSource> <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource combineConverter}"> <Binding Path="Attributes" /> <Binding Path="ChildNodes" /> </MultiBinding> </HierarchicalDataTemplate.ItemsSource> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}" ContextMenu="{StaticResource EntityCtxMenu}"/> </HierarchicalDataTemplate> C#: public class GameNode { string mName; public string Name { get { return mName; } set { mName = value; } } GameNodeList mChildNodes = new GameNodeList(); public GameNodeList ChildNodes { get { return mChildNodes; } set { mChildNodes = value; } } ObservableCollection<EntityAttrib> mAttributes = new ObservableCollection<EntityAttrib>(); public ObservableCollection<EntityAttrib> Attributes { get { return mAttributes; } set { mAttributes = value; } } } GameNodeList is a subclassed ObservableCollection

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• Warning: PDOStatement::execute(): SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: number of bound variabl

  - by Thomas

  Hi, I'm working with PHP PDO and I have the following problem: Warning: PDOStatement::execute(): SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: number of bound variables does not match number of tokens in /var/www/site/classes/enterprise.php on line 63 Here is my code: public function getCompaniesByCity(City $city, $options = null) { $database = Connection::getConnection(); if(empty($options)) { $statement = $database-prepare("SELECT * FROM empresas WHERE empresas.cidades_codigo = ?"); $statement-bindValue(1, $city-getId()); } else { $sql = "SELECT * FROM empresas INNER JOIN prods_empresas ON prods_empresas.empresas_codigo = empresas.codigo WHERE "; foreach($options as $option) { $sql .= 'prods_empresas.produtos_codigo = ? OR '; } $sql = substr($sql, 0, -4); $sql .= ' AND empresas.cidades_codigo = ?'; $statement = $database-prepare($sql); echo $sql; foreach($options as $i = $option) { $statement-bindValue($i + 1, $option-getId()); } $statement-bindValue(count($options), $city-getId()); } $statement-execute(); $objects = $statement-fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ); $companies = array(); if(!empty($objects)) { foreach($objects as $object) { $data = array( 'id' = $object-codigo, 'name' = $object-nome, 'link' = $object-link, 'email' = $object-email, 'details' = $object-detalhes, 'logo' = $object-logo ); $enterprise = new Enterprise($data); array_push($companies, $enterprise); } return $companies; } } Thank you very much!

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• MVVM Light Toolkit - RelayCommands, DelegateCommands, and ObservableObjects

  - by DanM

  I just started experimenting with Laurent Bugnion's MVVM Light Toolkit. I think I'm going to really like it, but I have a couple questions. Before I get to them, I need to explain where I'm coming from. I currently use a combination of Josh Smith's MVVM Foundation and another project on Codeplex called MVVM Toolkit. I use ObservableObject and Messenger from MVVM Foundation and DelegateCommand and CommandReference from MVVM Toolkit. The only real overlap between MVVM Foundation and MVVM Tookit is that they both have an implementation for ICommand: MVVM Foundation has a RelayCommand and MVVM Tookit has a DelegateCommand. Of these two, DelegateCommand appears to be more sophisticated. It employs a CommandManagerHelper that uses weak references to avoid memory leaks. With that said, a couple questions: Why does MVVM Light Toolkit use RelayCommand rather than DelegateCommand? Is the use of weak references in an ICommand unnecessary or not recommended for some reason? Why is there no ObservableObject in MVVM Light? ObservableObject is basically just the part of ViewModelBase that implements INotifyPropertyChanged, but it's very convenient to have as a separate class because view-models are not the only objects that need to implement INotifyPropertyChanged. For example, let's say you have DataGrid that binds to a list of Person objects. If any of the properties in Person can change while the user is viewing the DataGrid, Person would need to implement INotifyPropertyChanged. (I realize that if Person is auto-generated using something like LinqToSql, it will probably already implement INotifyPropertyChanged, but there are cases where I need to make a view-specific version of entity model objects, say, because I need to include a command to support a button column in a DataGrid.) Thanks.

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• IE8 CSS selector selects, but does not apply the style.

  - by Dan

  This is making me want to kill myself. I have some really simple CSS to style my input objects: input, button { border: 1px solid #c66600; background-color: white; color: #7d212f; font-family: "Eras Light ITC", Tahoma, sans; } But I don't like the ugly border it puts around radio buttons, so I use a selector to kill the border: input[type=radio] { border: none; } You can probably guess what browsers this works in and which ONE it does not work in. What's funny is when I press F12 to launch the excellent developer tools in IE8 it actually tells me that the style of the radio buttons has been overridden to 'none' just like I asked it to do, but the border remains on the radio button objects. I have tried a variety of semantic things, like setting the border width to 0px or the color to something insane like lime green, but it remains the originally assigned color that it got from the first style. And finally, I have tried only styling 'text' objects, in which case no style is applied to anything. Again, the browser claims to fulfill the CSS selection, but it visually does not happen. Thoughts? By the way, this is a DotNetNuke installation with generated code where I can't explicitly set the style of the radio buttons. Thanks, Dan

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• iPhone SDK linking errors with static library

  - by Nico

  Hello all! I've built my own static library with components to be reused in my project, and recently had the need to update a bunch of classes. Specifically, some methods' signatures were changed due to the fact that some classes changed names. What happens now is that the library compiles fine on its own, but, when added to an app project, the project fails to link: Ld build/Sucursales.build/Debug-iphoneos/Sucursales.build/Objects-normal/armv6/Sucursales normal armv6 cd /Users/nameghino/src/Sucursales setenv IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 3.1 setenv PATH "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin" /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -arch armv6 -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS3.2.sdk -L/Users/nameghino/src/Sucursales/build/Debug-iphoneos -L/Users/nameghino/src/Sucursales/../../Library/MyLibraries/MSSharedLibrary-1.0.0 -F/Users/nameghino/src/Sucursales/build/Debug-iphoneos -filelist /Users/nameghino/src/Sucursales/build/Sucursales.build/Debug-iphoneos/Sucursales.build/Objects-normal/armv6/Sucursales.LinkFileList -dead_strip -lxml2 -ObjC -all_load -miphoneos-version-min=3.1 -framework Foundation -framework UIKit -framework CoreGraphics -lsqlite3.0 -framework CoreLocation -framework MapKit -lxml2 /Users/nameghino/src/MSSharedComponents/Frameworks/MSSharedLibrary/build/Debug-iphoneos/libMSSharedLibrary.a -o /Users/nameghino/src/Sucursales/build/Sucursales.build/Debug-iphoneos/Sucursales.build/Objects-normal/armv6/Sucursales Undefined symbols: "_OBJC_CLASS_$_DataCatalogService_GetSingleRow", referenced from: objc-class-ref-to-DataCatalogService_GetSingleRow in libMSSharedLibrary.a(MSDataCatalogSpecification.o) **"_OBJC_CLASS_$_DataCatalogService_ArrayOfString", referenced from: objc-class-ref-to-DataCatalogService_ArrayOfString in libMSSharedLibrary.a(MSDataCatalogSpecification.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_DataCatalogService_GetSingleRowResponse", referenced from: objc-class-ref-to-DataCatalogService_GetSingleRowResponse in libMSSharedLibrary.a(MSSingleRowResultsParser.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_DataCatalogService_GetMultiRowResponse", referenced from: objc-class-ref-to-DataCatalogService_GetMultiRowResponse in libMSSharedLibrary.a(MSMultiRowResultsParser.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_DataCatalogService_GetMultiRow", referenced from: objc-class-ref-to-DataCatalogService_GetMultiRow in libMSSharedLibrary.a(MSDataCatalogSpecification.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_DataCatalogService_HelloWorldResponse", referenced from: objc-class-ref-to-DataCatalogService_HelloWorldResponse in libMSSharedLibrary.a(DataCatalogService.o) ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status** The curious thing is that after a lot of project cleanups (both in the app and the lib projects), I still get the same issue. Even after starting a new project, the problem is still there. I've also taken care to restart Xcode between a clean and a build a couple of times, but no good. Any ideas on where to look? Thanks in advance Nico

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• git push merge error, but git pull is already up-to-date. Tried reclone, same problem.

  - by Jasie

  I do: git commit . git push error: Entry 'file.php' not uptodate. Cannot merge. Then I do git pull Already up-to-date. What do I do? I just want to get the latest version from the remote copy, and overwrite anything on my local copy. Edit: I tried everything. I deleted my local repo, and git clone ssh://[email protected]/directory ... Checking out files: 100%, done. git status On branch master nothing to commit (working directory clean) All looks good, right? Pull just in case. git pull Already up-to-date. I make a one line change in a file to see if I can push it. git commit . [master 1e18af1] Rando change 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) git push Counting objects: 13, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done. Writing objects: 100% (7/7), 646 bytes, done. Total 7 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0) From /directory d6d61aa..1e18af1 master -> origin/master error: Entry 'someotherfile.php' not uptodate. Cannot merge. Updating b8f9a54..1e18af1 To ssh://[email protected]/directory d6d61aa..1e18af1 master - master I have no idea what's going on! How can I commit/pull again normally? Thanks very much!

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• Insert some data at later point once serialization(binary serialization) is done for a class

  - by coolcake

  My application is written in C# and I am a newbie to C#. I am facing with a problem during serialization. The problem is as follows. There are many classes in my project and when serialization is called on one of the main class object it serializes itself and during this process many of the member objects are also get serialized. This whole serialization is done in to a file with extension say ".bin". This bin file size should be of size max 20MB. In this process of serialization one of my other class also gets serialized to a stream, this class is having a big array. The size of this array or list can be of 80 MB or more. So during serialization i have serialize all the objects other than this array and depending upon the size left in the 20MB I need to add in between the serialization the number of array elements which can fit in the remaining memory. For the other array elements left out I have to create a similar kind of .bin file with all the objects serialized and in between need to insert the number of array elements that can fit there. The main problem here is the array elements get inserted at runtime and this list keeps on increasing. So i should be creating .bin files continuously until my application runs. Any ideas how can i implement a solution for this problem? Thanks in Advance.

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• ORM Persistence by Reachability violates Aggregate Root Boundaries?

  - by Johannes Rudolph

  Most common ORMs implement persistence by reachability, either as the default object graph change tracking mechanism or an optional. Persistence by reachability means the ORM will check the aggregate roots object graph and determines wether any objects are (also indirectly) reachable that are not stored inside it's identity map (Linq2Sql) or don't have their identity column set (NHibernate). In NHibernate this corresponds to cascade="save-update", for Linq2Sql it is the only supported mechanism. They do both, however only implement it for the "add" side of things, objects removed from the aggregate roots graph must be marked for deletion explicitly. In a DDD context one would use a Repository per Aggregate Root. Objects inside an Aggregate Root may only hold references to other Aggregate Roots. Due to persistence by reachability it is possible this other root will be inserted in the database event though it's corresponding repository wasn't invoked at all! Consider the following two Aggregate Roots: Contract and Order. Request is part of the Contract Aggregate. The object graph looks like Contract->Request->Order. Each time a Contractor makes a request, a corresponding order is created. As this involves two different Aggregate Roots, this operation is encapsulated by a Service. //Unit Of Work begins Request r = ...; Contract c = ContractRepository.FindSingleByKey(1); Order o = OrderForRequest(r); // creates a new order aggregate r.Order = o; // associates the aggregates c.Request.Add(r); ContractRepository.SaveOrUpdate(c); // OrderAggregate is reachable and will be inserted Since this Operation happens in a Service, I could still invoke the OrderRepository manually, however I wouldn't be forced to!. Persistence by reachability is a very useful feature inside Aggregate Roots, however I see no way to enforce my Aggregate Boundaries.

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• Odd Infragistics UltraComboEditor data binding non-bug

  - by Richard Dunlap

  Within an Infragistics 8.2 UltraComboEditor, we had the following properties set via C#: DataSource = dataSource; ValueMember = "Measure"; DisplayMember = "Name"; DataBindings.Add("Value", repository, "Measure"); DataBindings["Value"].DataSourceUpdateMode = DataSourceUpdateMode.OnPropertyChanged; where dataSource was an array of objects, each with a property Measure, and repository was an object with a property Measure. (Those strings are actually constructor parameters -- just using explicit strings to simplify the example.) In the course of some refactoring, the name of the property on the objects in the array was changed to BaseEnum (the objects are actually wrapped enumerations, for the curious), but the name of ValueMember above was not changed. And yet, the combo box binding continued to work through initial testing, beta testing, and even after release... until two customers emailed in noting that the combo box was no longer changing the underlying parameter. We were able to dig out the problem by careful study of the source code repository... despite being in the awkward position of not being able to replicate the buggy behavior internally. Two part question: What's happening under the hood that allowed the binding to continue to function, and/or what might be unique about those two users that caused the binding to (correctly) fail? (O/S version isn't alone the answer, and we get the unexpectedly functioning binding on machines that have never had a version of the software before, so we're not looking at rogue binaries). Are there tools that might have been able to warn us about the misbind, even if something was cleaning up behind?

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• How to use Guice in Swing application

  - by Gerco Dries

  I have a Swing application that I would like to convert from spaghetti to using dependency injection with Guice. Using Guice to provide services like configuration and task queues is going great but I'm now starting on the GUI of the app and am unsure of how to proceed. The application is basically a JFrame with a bunch of tabs in a JTabbedPane. Each of the tabs is a separate JPanel subclass that lays out the various components and needs services to perform actions when certain buttons are pressed. In the current application, this looks somewhat like this: @Inject public MainFrame(SomeService service, Executor ex, Configuration config) { tabsPane = new JTabbedPane(); // Create the panels for each tab and add them to the tabbedpane somePanel = new SomeTabPanel(service, ex, config); tabsPane.addTab("Panel 1", somePanel); someOtherPanel = new SomeOtherTabPanel(service, ex, config); tabsPane.addTab("Panel 2", someOtherPanel); ... do more stuff } Obviously, this doesn't exactly follow DI best practices. I don't want to have to @Inject the tabs because that would get me a constructor with dozens of parameters. I do want to use Guice to inject the required dependencies into whatever tab objects I need without me having to pass all of those dependencies to the tab constructors. All of the dependencies for the tab objects are services that my Module knows about, so basically all I think I want to do is to ask Guice for the required objects and have them constructed for me.

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• Hibernate "JOIN ... ON"?

  - by CaptainAwesomePants

  I have an application that uses Hibernate for its domain objects. One part of the app is common between a few apps, and it has no knowledge of the other systems. In order to handle relations, our class looks like this: @Entity public class SystemEvent { @Id @GeneratedValue public int entity_id; @Column(name="event_type") public String eventType; @Column(name="related_id") public int relatedObjectId; } relatedObjectId holds a foreign key to one of several different objects, depending on the type of event. When a system wants to know about events that are relevant to its interests, it grabs all the system events with eventType "NewAccounts" or some such thing, and it knows that all of those relatedObjectIds are IDs to a "User" object or similar. Unfortunately, this has caused a problem down the line. I can't figure out a way to tell Hibernate about this mapping, which means that HQL queries can't do joins. I'd really like to create an HQL query that looks like this: SELECT users FROM SystemEvent event join Users newUsers where event.eventType = 'SignUp' However, Hibernate has no knowledge of the relationship between SystemEvent and Users, and as far as I can tell, there's no way to tell it. So here's my question: Is there any way to tell Hibernate about a relationship when your domain objects reference each other via ID numbers and not class references?

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• “if” statement vs OO Design - 2

  - by hilal

  I encountered similar problem “if” statement vs OO Design - 1 but it is slightly different. Here is the problem that open the popup (different objects/popups) onValueChange of listbox Popup1 p1; // different objects Popup2 p2; // different objects Popup3 p3; ... listbox.add("p1"); listbox.add("p2"); listbox.add("p3"); ... listbox.addChangeHandler() { if(getSelectedItem().equals("p1")){ p1 = new Popup1(); p1.show(); } else if() {...} .... } I don't want to write "if" that if p1 then p1 = new Popup1(); p1.center(); How I can handle this situation? Any design-pattern? Here is my solution but it is so costly map() { map.put("p1", new Popup1()); map.put("p2", new Popup2()); map.put("p3", new Popup3()); } onValueChange() { map.get(selectedItem).show(); } One drawback is initialization all the popups. but it is require only when valueChange

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• ServerIdentity memory leak with IHttpAsyncHandler

  - by Anton

  I have a .NET web application that consists of a single HTTP handler class that implements IHttpAsyncHandler. All requests to this handler are handled asynchronously, though some requests are short-lived and some are long-lived (nothing over a few seconds). The problem is that memory consumption grows over time as requests are handled. All profiling results point to an unbounded growth of String objects held by instances of System.Runtime.Remoting.ServerIdentity. Every String value is different, but they all look similar to: /dd41c00e_1566_4702_b660_c81cdea18a43/vigefresi5pfv8n0ekddg57z_1154.rem There is nothing in my application that uses ServerIdentity directly, and unless I am mistaken, the ServerIdentity instances are proportional to the number of incoming requests. If this is an internal .NET structure, it looks like the CLR is not cleaning up after itself. What could be causing the leak? UPDATE A little less than half of the String objects are being held by System.Runtime.Remoting. The remaining String objects are being held by System.Runtime.Serialization and look similar to: +1sgess5rjcrgbmp3kqr6bmv_3474.rem Also, the problem only seems to occur when lots of simultaneous HTTP web requests arrive.

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• relational data from xml

  - by Beta033

  Our problem is this, we have a relational database to store objects in tables. As any relational database could, several of these tables have multiple foreign keys pointing to other tables (all pretty normal stuff) We've been trying to identify a solution to allow export of this relational data, ideally, only 1 of the objects in the model, to some sort of file (xml, text, ??). So it wouldn't be simple enough to just export 1 table as data stored in other tables would contribute to the complete model of the object. Something like the following picture: Toward this, i've written a routine to export the structure by following the foreign key paths which exports something similar to the following. <Tables> <TableA PK="1", val1, val2, val3> <TableC PK="1", FK_A="1", Val1, val2, val3> <TableC PK="2", FK_A="1", val1, val2, val3> <TableB PK="1", FK_A="1", FK_C="1", val1, val2, val3> <TableB PK="2", FK_A="1", FK_C="2", val1, val2, val3> <TableD PK="1", FK_B="1", FK_C="1", val1> <TableD PK="2", FK_B="2", FK_C="1", val1> </Tables> However, given this structure, it cannot be placed into a heirarchial format (ie D2 is a child of C1 and B2; and B2 is a child of C2) Which in turn, makes my life very difficult when trying to identify a methodology to reimport (and reKey) these objects. Has anybody done anything like this? how do you do it? are there tools or documentation on how this is best accomplished? Thanks for your help.

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• git push error 'remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out)'

  - by hap497

  Hi, Yesterday, I post a question regarding how to clone a git repository from 1 of my machine to another. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2808177/how-can-i-git-clone-from-another-machine/2809612#2809612 I am able to successfully clone a git repository from my src (192.168.1.2) to my dest (192.168.1.1). But when I did an edit to a file and then do a 'git commit -a -m "test"' and then do a git push. I get this error on my dest (192.168.1.1): git push [email protected]'s password: Counting objects: 21, done. Compressing objects: 100% (11/11), done. Writing objects: 100% (11/11), 1010 bytes, done. Total 11 (delta 9), reused 0 (delta 0) error: refusing to update checked out branch: refs/heads/master error: By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository error: is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent error: with what you pushed, and will require 'git reset --hard' to match error: the work tree to HEAD. error: error: You can set 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to error: 'ignore' or 'warn' in the remote repository to allow pushing into error: its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you error: arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some error: other way. error: error: To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'. To git+ssh://[email protected]/media/LINUXDATA/working ! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out) error: failed to push some refs to 'git+ssh://[email protected]/media/LINUXDATA/working' I have 2 version of git, will that causes this problem? I have git 1.7 on 192.168.1.2 (src) but git 1.5 on 192.168.1.1 (dest). I appreciate if someone can help me with this. Thank you.

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• Django - provide additional information in template

  - by Ninefingers

  Hi all, I am building an app to learn Django and have started with a Contact system that currently stores Contacts and Addresses. C's are a many to many relationship with A's, but rather than use Django's models.ManyToManyField() I've created my own link-table providing additional information about the link, such as what the address type is to the that contact (home, work etc). What I'm trying to do is pass this information out to a view, so in my full view of a contact I can do this: def contact_view_full(request, contact_id): c = get_object_or_404(Contact, id=contact_id) a = [] links = ContactAddressLink.objects.filter(ContactID=c.id) for link in links: b = Address.objects.get(id=link.AddressID_id) a.append(b) return render_to_response('contact_full.html', {'contact_item': c, 'addresses' : a }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) And so I can do the equivalent of c.Addresses.all() or however the ManyToManyField works. What I'm interested to know is how can I pass out information about the link in the link object with the 'addresses' : a information, so that when my template does this: {% for address in addresses %} <!-- ... --> {% endfor %} and properly associate the correct link object data with the address. So what's the best way to achieve this? I'm thinking a union of two objects might be an idea but I haven't enough experience with Django to know if that's considered the best way of doing it. Suggestions? Thanks in advance. Nf

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• Login URL using authentication information in Django

  - by fuSi0N

  I'm working on a platform for online labs registration for my university. Login View [project views.py] from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404 from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.template import RequestContext from django.contrib import auth def index(request): return render_to_response('index.html', {}, context_instance = RequestContext(request)) def login(request): if request.method == "POST": post = request.POST.copy() if post.has_key('username') and post.has_key('password'): usr = post['username'] pwd = post['password'] user = auth.authenticate(username=usr, password=pwd) if user is not None and user.is_active: auth.login(request, user) if user.get_profile().is_teacher: return HttpResponseRedirect('/teachers/'+user.username+'/') else: return HttpResponseRedirect('/students/'+user.username+'/') else: return render_to_response('index.html', {'msg': 'You don\'t belong here.'}, context_instance = RequestContext(request) return render_to_response('login.html', {}, context_instance = RequestContext(request)) def logout(request): auth.logout(request) return render_to_response('index.html', {}, context_instance = RequestContext(request)) URLS #========== PROJECT URLS ==========# urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT }), (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), (r'^teachers/', include('diogenis.teachers.urls')), (r'^students/', include('diogenis.students.urls')), (r'^login/', login), (r'^logout/', logout), (r'^$', index), ) #========== TEACHERS APP URLS ==========# urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^(?P<username>\w{0,50})/', labs), ) The login view basically checks whether the logged in user is_teacher [UserProfile attribute via get_profile()] and redirects the user to his profile. Labs View [teachers app views.py] from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404 from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.template import RequestContext from django.contrib.auth.decorators import user_passes_test from django.contrib.auth.models import User from accounts.models import * from labs.models import * def user_is_teacher(user): return user.is_authenticated() and user.get_profile().is_teacher @user_passes_test(user_is_teacher, login_url="/login/") def labs(request, username): q1 = User.objects.get(username=username) q2 = u'%s %s' % (q1.last_name, q1.first_name) q2 = Teacher.objects.get(name=q2) results = TeacherToLab.objects.filter(teacher=q2) return render_to_response('teachers/labs.html', {'results': results}, context_instance = RequestContext(request)) I'm using @user_passes_test decorator for checking whether the authenticated user has the permission to use this view [labs view]. The problem I'm having with the current logic is that once Django authenticates a teacher user he has access to all teachers profiles basically by typing the teachers username in the url. Once a teacher finds a co-worker's username he has direct access to his data. Any suggestions would be much appreciated.

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• How to access attributes using Nokogiri

  - by Liz

  I have a simple task of accessing the values of some attributes. Below is a simple script that uses Nokogiri::XML::Builder to create a simple xml doc. require 'nokogiri' builder = Nokogiri::XML::Builder.new(:encoding => 'UTF-8') do |xml| xml.Placement(:messageId => "392847-039820-938777", :system => "MOD", :version => "2.0") { xml.objects { xml.object(:myattribute => "99", :anotherattrib => "333") xml.nextobject_ '9387toot' xml.Entertainment "Last Man Standing" } } end puts builder.to_xml puts builder.root.attributes["messageId"] The results are below: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Placement messageId="392847-039820-938777" version="2.0" system="MOD"> <objects> <object anotherattrib="333" myattribute="99"/> <nextobject>9387toot</nextobject> <Entertainment>Last Man Standing</Entertainment> </objects> </Placement> C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/nokogiri-1.4.2-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/document.rb:178:in `add_child': Document already has a root node (RuntimeError) from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/nokogiri-1.4.2-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb:455:in `parent=' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/nokogiri-1.4.2-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/builder.rb:358:in `insert' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/nokogiri-1.4.2-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/builder.rb:350:in `method_missing' from C:/Documents and Settings/etrojan/workspace/Lads/tryXPATH2.rb:15 The xml that is generated looks fine. However, my attempts to access attributes cause an error to be generated, "Document already has a root node". I don't understand why a puts statement would cause this error. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

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• AntFarm anti-pattern -- strategies to avoid, antidotes to help heal from

  - by alchemical

  I'm working on a 10 page web site with a database back-end. There are 500+ objects in use, trying to implement the MVP pattern in ASP.Net. I'm tracing the code-execution from a single-page, my finger has been on F-11 in Visual Studio for about 40 minutes, there seems to be no end, possibly 1000+ method calls for one web page! If it was just 50 objects that would be one thing, however, code execution snakes through all these objects just like millions of ants frantically woring in their giant dirt mound house, riddled with object tunnels. Hence, a new anti-pattern is born : AntFarm. AntFarm is also known as "OO-Madnes", "OO-Fever", OO-ADD, or simply design-pattern junkie. This is not the first time I've seen this, nor my associates at other companies. It seems that this style is being actively propogated, or in any case is a misunderstanding of the numerous OO/DP gospels going around... I'd like to introduce an anti-pattern to the anti-pattern: GST or "Get Stuff Done" AKA "Get Sh** done" AKA GRD (GetRDone). This pattern focused on just what it says, getting stuff done, in a simple way. I may try to outline it more in a later post, or please share your ideas on this antidote pattern. Anyway, I'm in the midst of a great example of AntFarm anti-pattern as I write (as a bonus, there is no documentation or comments). Please share you thoughts on how this anti-pattern has become so prevelant, how we can avoid it, and how can one undo or deal with this pattern in a live system one must work with!

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• Manditory read-only fields in django

  - by jamida

  I'm writing a test "grade book" application. The models.py file is shown below. class Student(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) parent = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Grade(models.Model): studentId = models.ForeignKey(Student) finalGrade = models.CharField(max_length=3) I'd like to be able to change the final grade for several students in a modelformset but for now I'm just trying one student at a time. I'm also trying to create a form for it that shows the student name as a field that can not be changed, the only thing that can be changed here is the finalGrade. So I used this trick to make the studentId read-only. class GradeROForm(ModelForm): studentId = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Student.objects.all()) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(GradeROForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) instance = getattr(self, 'instance', None) if instance and instance.id: self.fields['studentId'].widget.attrs['disabled']='disabled' def clean_studentId(self): instance = getattr(self,'instance',None) if instance: return instance.studentId else: return self.cleaned_data.get('studentId',None) class Meta: model=Grade And here is my view: def modifyGrade(request,student): student = Student.objects.get(name=student) mygrade = Grade.objects.get(studentId=student) if request.method == "POST": myform = GradeROForm(data=request.POST, instance=mygrade) if myform.is_valid(): grade = myform.save() info = "successfully updated %s" % grade.studentId else: myform=GradeROForm(instance=mygrade) return render_to_response('grades/modifyGrade.html',locals()) This displays the form like I expect, but when I hit "submit" I get a form validation error for the student field telling me this field is required. I'm guessing that, since the field is "disabled", the value is not being reported in the POST and for reasons unknown to me the instance isn't being used in its place. I'm a new Django/Python programmer, but quite experienced in other languages. I can't believe I've stumbled upon such a difficult to solve problem in my first significant django app. I figure I must be missing something. Any ideas?

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• What does this svn2git error mean?

  - by Hisham

  I am trying to import my repository from svn to git using svn2git, but it seems like it's failing when it hits a branch. What's the problem? Found possible branch point: https://s.aaa.com/repo/trunk/project => https://s.aaa.com/repo/branches/project-beta1.0, 128 Use of uninitialized value in substitution (s///) at /opt/local/libexec/git-core/git-svn line 1728. Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /opt/local/libexec/git-core/git-svn line 1728. refs/remotes/trunk: 'https://s.aaa.com/repo' not found in '' Running command: git branch -l --no-color * master Running command: git branch -r --no-color trunk Running command: git checkout trunk Note: checking out 'trunk'. You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout. If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example: git checkout -b new_branch_name HEAD is now at f4e6268... Changing svn repository in cap files Running command: git branch -D master Deleted branch master (was f4e6268). Running command: git checkout -f -b master Switched to a new branch 'master' Running command: git gc Counting objects: 450, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (368/368), done. Writing objects: 100% (450/450), done. Total 450 (delta 63), reused 450 (delta 63)

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