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  • AttributeError in my Python program regarding classes

    - by Axel Finkel
    I'm doing an exercise out of the Python book that involves creating a class and a subclass. I am getting the following error when I try to run the program: AttributeError: 'Customer' object has no attribute 'name', when it tries to go through this bit of code: self.name.append(name) As this is my first time dealing with classes and objects in Python, I'm sure I am making some overt mistake somewhere, but I can't seem to figure it out. I've looked over the documentation for creating classes and writing member functions, and it looks correct, but it is obviously not. I want the Customer subclass to inherit the name, address, and telephone attributes from the Person superclass, but it doesn't seem to be doing so? Here is my code: class Person: def __init__(self): self.name = None self.address = None self.telephone = None def changeName(self, name): self.name.append(name) def changeAddress(self, address): self.address.append(address) def changeTelephone(self, telephone): self.telephone.append(telephone) class Customer(Person): def __init__(self): self.customerNumber = None self.onMailingList = False def changeCustomerNumber(self, customerNumber): self.customerNumber.append(customerNumber) def changeOnMailingList(): if onMailingList == False: onMailingList == True else: onMailingList == False def main(): customer1 = Customer() name = 'Bob Smith' address = '123 Somewhere Road' telephone = '111 222 3333' customerNumber = '12345' customer1.changeName(name) customer1.changeAddress(address) customer1.changeTelephone(telephone) customer1.changeCustomerNumber(customerNumber) print("Customer name: " + customer1.name) print("Customer address: " + customer1.address) print("Customer telephone number: " + customer1.telephone) print("Customer number: " + customer1.customerNumber) print("On mailing list: " + customer1.OnMailingList) customer1.changeOnMailingList() print("On mailing list: " + customer1.OnMailingList) main()

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  • Fix DB duplicate entries (MySQL bug)

    - by Silence
    I'm using MySQL 4.1. Some tables have duplicates entries that go against the constraints. When I try to group rows, MySQL doesn't recognise the rows as being similar. Example: Table A has a column "Name" with the Unique proprety. The table contains one row with the name 'Hach?' and one row with the same name but a square at the end instead of the '?' (which I can't reproduce in this textfield) A "Group by" on these 2 rows return 2 separate rows This cause several problems including the fact that I can't export and reimport the database. On reimporting an error mentions that a Insert has failed because it violates a constraint. In theory I could try to import, wait for the first error, fix the import script and the original DB, and repeat. In pratice, that would take forever. Is there a way to list all the anomalies or force the database to recheck constraints (and list all the values/rows that go against them) ? I can supply the .MYD file if it can be helpful.

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  • Python programming - Windows focus and program process

    - by Zack
    I'm working on a python program that will automatically combine sets of files based on their names. Being a newbie, I wasn't quite sure how to go about it, so I decided to just brute force it with the win32api. So I'm attempting to do everything with virtual keys. So I run the script, it selects the top file (after arranging the by name), then sends a right click command,selects 'combine as adobe PDF', and then have it push enter. This launched the Acrobat combine window, where I send another 'enter' command. The here's where I hit the problem. The folder where I'm converting these things loses focus and I'm unsure how to get it back. Sending alt+tab commands seems somewhat unreliable. It sometimes switches to the wrong thing. A much bigger issue for me.. Different combination of files take different times to combine. though I haven't gotten this far in my code, my plan was to set some arbitrarily long time.sleep() command before it finally sent the last "enter" command to finish and confirm the file name completing the combination process. Is there a way to monitor another programs progress? Is there a way to have python not execute anymore code until something else has finished?

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  • Easy ways to investigate unknown Python APIs

    - by jedi_coder
    When studying a snippet of unknown Python code, I occasionally bump into the varName.methodName() pattern. To figure out what's this, I shall study the code more, find where varName was instantiated, find its type. So if varName proves to be an instance of ClassName class, I would knew that methodName() is a method of ClassName. Sometimes varName == self and methodName() is a method of this class, or a method inherited from some other class, if the current class is subclassing some other classes. Are there quick ways / tools that could take 'methodName' as input, scan over all installed Python modules and show which classes have methodName()? The closest thing related to this I know of is ipython. If I type a class name, then dot ('.') then TAB, it can show the class members. Instead of a class I could use a name of an object (which is an instance of a certain class) and it would work too. As soon as I choose a method name from the provided options, I can type '?' or '??' and get some help if there's a docstring. I wonder if ipython can do some intelligent scanning based only on 'methodName' string. If you know alternatives to ipython that could possibly help with this, please do suggest them.

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  • Assigning Object to View, big MySQL resultset.

    - by A Finn
    Hello (Sorry for my bad English) Is it bad practice to assign object to view and call its methods in there? I use smarty as my template engine. In my controller I could do like this 1# $this->view->assign("name", $this->model->getName); and in my view <p>{$name}</p> OR 2# $this->view->assign("Object", $this->model); and in my view <p>{$Report->getName()}</p> Well my biggest problem is that I have to handle a big amount of data coming out from the MySQL and I thought that if I would made a method that would print out the data while looping mysql_fetch_row. Well at least I know that using html-tags in the model is a bad thing to do. So I would assign the object to the view to get the result to the right position on the page.. Reading a mysql-result to an array first may cause memory problems am I right? So what is the solution doing things MVC style.. And yes Im using a framework of my own.

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  • Python: need to get energies of charge pairs.

    - by Two786
    I am new to python. I have to make a program for a project that takes a PDB format file as input and returns a list of all the intra-chain and inter-chain charge pairs and their energies (using coulomb’s law assuming a dielectric constant of (?) of 40.0). For simplicity, the charged residues for this program are just Arg (CZ), Lys (NZ), Asp (CG) and Glu (CD) with the charge bearing atoms for each indicated in parentheses. The program should report any attractive or repulsive interactions within 8.0 Å. Here is some additional information needed for the program. Eij = energy of interaction between atoms i and j in kilocalories/mole (kcals/mol) qi = charge for atom i (+1 for Lys or Arg, -1 for Glu or Asp) rij = distance between atoms i and j in angstroms using the distance formula The output should adhere to the following format: First residue : Second residue Distance Energy Lys 10 Chain A: ASP 46 Chain A D= 4.76 ang E= -2.32 kcals/mol (For some reason I can't organize the top two rows, but the first row should be lables and below it the corresponding values.) I really have no idea how to tackle this problem, any and all help is greatly appreciated. I hope this is the right place to ask. Thank you in advance. Using python 2.5

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  • how to solve a weired swig python c++ interfacing type error

    - by user2981648
    I want to use swig to switch a simple cpp function to python and use "scipy.integrate.quadrature" function to calculate the integration. But python 2.7 reports a type error. Do you guys know what is going on here? Thanks a lot. Furthermore, "scipy.integrate.quad" runs smoothly. So is there something special for "scipy.integrate.quadrature" function? The code is in the following: File "testfunctions.h": #ifndef TESTFUNCTIONS_H #define TESTFUNCTIONS_H double test_square(double x); #endif File "testfunctions.cpp": #include "testfunctions.h" double test_square(double x) { return x * x; } File "swig_test.i" : /* File : swig_test.i */ %module swig_test %{ #include "testfunctions.h" %} /* Let's just grab the original header file here */ %include "testfunctions.h" File "test.py": import scipy.integrate import _swig_test print scipy.integrate.quadrature(_swig_test.test_square, 0., 1.) error info: UMD has deleted: _swig_test Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\spyderlib\widgets\externalshell\sitecustomize.py", line 523, in runfile execfile(filename, namespace) File "D:\data\haitaliu\Desktop\Projects\swig_test\Release\test.py", line 4, in <module> print scipy.integrate.quadrature(_swig_test.test_square, 0., 1.) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scipy\integrate\quadrature.py", line 161, in quadrature newval = fixed_quad(vfunc, a, b, (), n)[0] File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scipy\integrate\quadrature.py", line 61, in fixed_quad return (b-a)/2.0*sum(w*func(y,*args),0), None File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scipy\integrate\quadrature.py", line 90, in vfunc return func(x, *args) TypeError: in method 'test_square', argument 1 of type 'double'

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  • PHP, MySQL, Memcache / Ajax Scaling Problem

    - by Jeff Andersen
    I'm building a ajax tic tac toe game in PHP/MySQL. The premise of the game is to be able to share a url like mygame.com/123 with your friends and you play multiple simultaneous games. The way I have it set up is that a file (reload.php) is being called every 3 seconds while the user is viewing their game board space. This reload.php builds their game boards and the output (html) replaces their current game board (thus showing games in which it is their turn) Initially I built it entirely with PHP/MySQL and had zero caching. A friend gave me a suggestion to try doing all of the temporary/quick read information through memcache (storing moves, and ID matchups) and then building the game boards from this information. My issue is that, both solutions encounter a wall when there is roughly 30-40 active users with roughly 40-50 games running. It is running on a VPS from VPS.net with 2 nodes. (Dedicated CPU: 1.2GHz, RAM: 752MB) Each call to reload.php peforms 3 selects and 2 insert queries. The size of the data being pulled is negligible. The same actions happen on index.php to build the boards for the initial visit. Now that the backstory is done, my question is: Would there be a bottleneck in that each user is polling the same file every 3 seconds to rebuild their gameboards, and that all users are sitting on index.php from which the AJAX calls are made within the HTML. If so, is it possible to spread the users' calls out over a set of files designated to building the game boards (eg. reload1.php 2, 3 etc) and direct users to the appropriate file. Would this relieve the pressure? A long winded explanation; however, I didn't have anywhere else to ask. Thanks very much for any insight.

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  • MySQL: Limit rows linked to each joined row

    - by SolidSnakeGTI
    Hello, Specifications: MySQL 4.1+ I've certain situation that requires certain result set from MySQL query, let's see the current query first & then ask my question: SELECT thread.dateline AS tdateline, post.dateline AS pdateline, MIN(post.dateline) FROM thread AS thread LEFT JOIN post AS post ON(thread.threadid = post.threadid) LEFT JOIN forum AS forum ON(thread.forumid = forum.forumid) WHERE post.postid != thread.firstpostid AND thread.open = 1 AND thread.visible = 1 AND thread.replycount >= 1 AND post.visible = 1 AND (forum.options & 1) AND (forum.options & 2) AND (forum.options & 4) AND forum.forumid IN(1,2,3) GROUP BY post.threadid ORDER BY tdateline DESC, pdateline ASC As you can see, mainly I need to select dateline of threads from 'thread' table, in addition to dateline of the second post of each thread, that's all under the conditions you see in the WHERE CLAUSE. Since each thread has many posts, and I need only one result per thread, I've used GROUP BY CLAUSE for that purpose. This query will return only one post's dateline with it's related unique thread. My questions are: How to limit returned threads per each forum!? Suppose I need only 5 threads -as a maximum- to be returned for each forum declared in the WHERE CLAUSE 'forum.forumid IN(1,2,3)', how can this be achieved. Is there any recommendations for optimizing this query (of course after solving the first point)? Notes: I prefer not to use sub-queries, but if it's the only solution available I'll accept it. Double queries not recommended. I'm sure there's a smart solution for this situation. Appreciated advice in advance :)

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  • For each result in MySQL query, push to array (complicated)

    - by Dylan Taylor
    Okay, here's what I'm trying to do. I am running a MySQL query for the most recent posts. For each of the returned rows, I need to push the ID of the row to an array, then within that ID in the array, I need to add more data from the rows. A multi-dimensional array. Here's my code thus far. $query = "SELECT * FROM posts ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 10"; $result = mysql_query($query); while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)){ $id = $row["id"]; $post_title = $row["title"]; $post_text = $row["text"]; $post_tags = $row["tags"]; $post_category = $row["category"]; $post_date = $row["date"]; } As you can see I haven't done anything with arrays yet. Here's an ideal structure I'm looking for, just incase you're confused. The master array I guess you could call it. We'll just call this array $posts. Within this array, I have one array for each row returned in my MySQL query. Within those arrays there is the $post_title, $post_text, etc. How do I do this? I'm so confused.. an example would be really appreciated. -Dylan

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  • Mysql - wondering about scaling a twitter-like application ?

    - by user246114
    Hi, I'm developing an app that is vaguely similar to twitter, in that it allows users to follow one another. I wanted to do this using google app engine, for its scalability promises, but it's proving kind of difficult to get running for a few different reasons. I'd basically like to have a _users table, and a _followers table. Users go into the users table, follower relationships go into _followers. The problem is that each row in the users table will probably have like 100 corresponding records in the _followers table as users start following one another. So the number of rows is going to explode quickly. Using app engine, the volume [shouldn't] be a problem. If I go with mysql, and I do actually start to get some traction, how do I scale this up? Am I going to just end up moving to a distributed database in the end anyway? Should I fight it out with google app engine? I read that Twitter was using mysql, and they've run into this problem, and are now switching to cassandra. Thanks

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  • Help on MySQL table indexing when GROUP BY is used in a query

    - by Silver Light
    Thank you for your attention. There are two INNODB tables: Table authors id INT nickname VARCHAR(50) status ENUM('active', 'blocked') about TEXT Table books author_id INT title VARCHAR(150) I'm running a query against these tables, to get each author and a count of books he has: SELECT a. * , COUNT( b.id ) AS book_count FROM authors AS a, books AS b WHERE a.status != 'blocked' AND b.author_id = a.id GROUP BY a.id ORDER BY a.nickname This query is very slow (takes about 6 seconds to execute). I have an index on books.author_id and it works perfectly, but I do not know how to create an index on authors table, so that this query could use it. Here is how current EXPLAIN looks: id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 SIMPLE a ALL PRIMARY,id_status_nickname NULL NULL NULL 3305 Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort 1 SIMPLE b ref key_author_id key_author_id 5 a.id 2 Using where; Using index I've looked at MySQL manual on optimizing queries with group by, but could not figure out how I can apply it on my query. I'll appreciate any help and hints on this - what must be the index structure, so that MySQL could use it?

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  • Python: Removing particular character (u"\u2610") from string

    - by duhaime
    I have been wrestling with decoding and encoding in Python, and I can't quite figure out how to resolve my problem. I am looping over xml text files (sample) that are apparently coded in utf-8, using Beautiful Soup to parse each file, then looking to see if any sentence in the file contains one or more words from two different list of words. Because the xml files are from the eighteenth century, I need to retain the em dashes that are in the xml. The code below does this just fine, but it also retains a pesky box character that I wish to remove. I believe the box character is this character. (You can find an example of the character I wish to remove in line 3682 of the sample file above. On this webpage, the character looks like an 'or' pipe, but when I read the xml file in Komodo, it looks like a box. When I try to copy and paste the box into a search engine, it looks like an 'or' pipe. When I print to console, though, the character looks like an empty box.) To sum up, the code below runs without errors, but it prints the empty box character that I would like to remove. for work in glob.glob(pathtofiles): openfile = open(work) readfile = openfile.read() stringfile = str(readfile) decodefile = stringfile.decode('utf-8', 'strict') #is this the dodgy line? soup = BeautifulSoup(decodefile) textwithtags = soup.findAll('text') textwithtagsasstring = str(textwithtags) #this method strips everything between anglebrackets as it should textwithouttags = stripTags(textwithtagsasstring) #clean text nonewlines = textwithouttags.replace("\n", " ") noextrawhitespace = re.sub(' +',' ', nonewlines) print noextrawhitespace #the boxes appear I tried to remove the boxes by using noboxes = noextrawhitespace.replace(u"\u2610", "") But Python threw an error flag: UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 280: ordinal not in range(128) Does anyone know how I can remove the boxes from the xml files? I would be grateful for any help others can offer.

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  • Python - Access a class from a list using a key

    - by Fake Name
    Is there any way to make a list of classes behave like a set in python? Basically, I'm working on a piece of software that does some involved string comparison, and I have a custom class for handling the strings. Therefore, there is an instance of the class for each string. As a result, I have a large list containing all these classes. I would like to be able to access them like list[key], where in this case, the key is a string the class is based off of. It seems to me that I sould be able to do this somewhat easily, by adding something like __cmp__ to the class, but either I'm being obtuse (likely), or Im missing someting in the docs. Basically, I want to be able to do something like this (Python prompt example): >>class a: ... def __init__(self, x): ... self.var = x ... >>> from test import a >>> cl = set([a("Hello"), a("World"), a("Pie")]) >>> print cl set([<test.a instance at 0x00C866C0>, <test.a instance at 0x00C866E8>, <test.a instance at 0x00C86710>]) >>> cl["World"] <test.a instance at 0x00C866E8> Thanks!

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  • Creating a timesheet for work using PHP MySQL

    - by Justin
    I am trying to create a time-sheet for my work. I don't know if getting myself into a lot of work by doing this as I am quiet new to PHP and MYSQL but I do have a good understanding/knowledge of the two. I want the below fields in my database. Job weekPeriod ------A list of weeks Monday Sunday dateWorked ------List Of dates in the form coming from a database e.g. 1/1/2011 startTime ------List of times from 12:00am11:00pm 30 min intervals e.g. 11:30-12:30 endTime ------List of times from 12:00am11:00pm 30 min intervals e.g. 11:30-12:30 totalHours ------Automated amount ------Automated based on dayWorked comments ------Any messages here I want to be able to fill in some drop down boxes through a form that will then submit all information to my database. I want the script to know that if the date worked is on a Weekday Mon-Fri e.g. my rate of pay is 30.00ph On a sat it is 35.00ph and on a Sunday it is 40ph I then want to create a page where i select a particular week and see how many hours i worked and how much i earn and so on. Please let me know if there is such a program already established or if this is something that requires a bit of time and if I could do it being new to PHP and MYSQL

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  • Python list recursion type error

    - by Jacob J Callahan
    I can't seem to figure out why the following code is giving me a TypeError: 'type' object is not iterable pastebin: http://pastebin.com/VFZYY4v0 def genList(self): #recursively generates a sorted list of child node values numList = [] if self.leftChild != 'none': numList.extend(self.leftChild.genList()) #error numList.extend(list((self.Value,))) if self.rightChild != 'none': numList.extend(self.rightChild.genList()) #error return numList code that adds child nodes (works correctly) def addChild(self, child): #add a child node. working if child.Value < self.Value: if self.leftChild == 'none': self.leftChild = child child.parent = self else: self.leftChild.addChild(child) elif child.Value > self.Value: if self.rightChild == 'none': self.rightChild = child child.parent = self else: self.rightChild.addChild(child) Any help would be appreciated. Full interpreter session: >>> import BinTreeNode as BTN >>> node1 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(5) >>> node2 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(2) >>> node3 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(12) >>> node3 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(16) >>> node4 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(4) >>> node5 = BTN.BinaryTreeNode(13) >>> node1.addChild(node2) >>> node1.addChild(node3) >>> node1.addChild(node4) >>> node1.addChild(node5) >>> node4.genList() <class 'list'> >>> node1.genList() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<interactive input>", line 1, in <module> File "C:...\python\BinTreeNode.py", line 47, in genList numList.extend(self.leftChild.genList()) #error File "C:...\python\BinTreeNode.py", line 52, in genList TypeError: 'type' object is not iterable

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  • Unable to retrieve data, mysql php pdo

    - by Kyle Hudson
    Hi, I have an issue, i cannot get any results from mysql on a production box but can on a development box, we use PHP 5.3 with MySQL (pdo). $sd = $this->dbh->quote($sd); $si_sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tbl_wl_data WHERE (site_domain = $sd OR siteDomainMasked = $sd);"; if($this->dbh->query($si_sql)->rowCount() > 0) { //gets to here, just doesnt get through the loop $sql = "SELECT pk_aid, site_name, site_css, site_img_sw, supportPhone FROM tbl_wl_data WHERE (site_domain = $sd OR siteDomainMasked = $sd);"; foreach($this->dbh->query($sql) as $wlsd) { //-- fails here if($wlsd['wl_status'] != '1') { require "_domainDisabled.php"; exit; } $this->pk_aid = $wlsd['pk_aid']; $this->siteTitle = $wlsd['site_name']; $this->siteCSS = $wlsd['site_css']; $this->siteImage = $wlsd['site_img_sw']; $this->siteSupportPhone = $wlsd['supportPhone']; } } else { throw new ERR_SITE_NOT_LINKED; } It just doesnt seem to get into the loopk, i ran the query in navicat and it returns the data. Really confused :S

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  • Adding variably named fields to Python classes

    - by Carson Myers
    I have a python class, and I need to add an arbitrary number of arbitrarily long lists to it. The names of the lists I need to add are also arbitrary. For example, in PHP, I would do this: class MyClass { } $c = new MyClass(); $n = "hello" $c.$n = array(1, 2, 3); How do I do this in Python? I'm also wondering if this is a reasonable thing to do. The alternative would be to create a dict of lists in the class, but since the number and size of the lists is arbitrary, I was worried there might be a performance hit from this. If you are wondering what I'm trying to accomplish, I'm writing a super-lightweight script interpreter. The interpreter walks through a human-written list and creates some kind of byte-code. The byte-code of each function will be stored as a list named after the function in an "app" class. I'm curious to hear any other suggestions on how to do this as well.

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  • Python: Sorting array with custom pattern

    - by Binka
    In my little project here I have sorted a list in decending order, however, my goal is to sort it in this custom pattern. (largest - smallest - next largest - next smallest -)etc. In java I was able to do this like this... My goal is to do the same thing but in python, except backwards. Any ideas on how to convert that last for loop that does the wackysort into python and make it go backwards? public static void wackySort(int[] nums){ //first, this simply sorts the array by ascending order. int sign = 0; int temp = 0; int temp2 = 0; for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){ for (int j = 0; j < nums.length -1; j++){ if (nums[j] > nums[j+1]){ temp = nums[j]; nums[j] = nums[j+1]; nums[j+1] = temp; } } } //prepare for new array to actually do the wacky sort. System.out.println(); int firstPointer = 0; int secondPointer = nums.length -1; int[] newarray = new int[nums.length]; int size = nums.length; //for loop that increments by two taking second slot replacing the last (n-1) term for (int i = 0; i < nums.length -1; i+=2){ newarray[i] = nums[firstPointer++]; newarray[i+1] = nums[secondPointer--]; } //storing those values back in the nums array for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){ nums[i] = newarray[i]; } }

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  • Speed up csv export when using php from mysql database query

    - by John
    Ok, so i've got a web system (built on codeigniter & running on mysql) that allows people to query a database of postal address data by making selections in a series of forms until they arrive at the selection that want, pretty standard stuff. They can then buy that information and download it via that system. The queries run very fast, but when it comes to applying that query to the database,and exporting it to csv, once the datasets get to around the 30,000 record mark (each row has around 40 columns of which about 20 are all populated with on average 20 chars of data per cell) it can take 5 or so minutes to export to csv. So, my question is, what is the main cause for the slowness? Is it that the resultset of data from the query is so large, that it is running into memory issues? Therefore should i allow much more memory to the process? Or, is there a much more efficient way of exporting to csv from a mysql query that i'm not doing? Should i save the contents of the query to a temp table and simply export the temp table to csv? Or am i going about this all wrong? Also, is the fact that i'm using Codeigniters Active Record for this prohibitive due to the way that it stores the resultset? Any advice is welcome! Thank you for reading!

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  • Python, lambda, find minimum

    - by qba
    I have foreach function which calls specified function on every element which it contains. I want to get minimum from thise elements but I have no idea how to write lambda or function or even a class that would manage that. Thanks for every help. I use my foreach function like this: o.foreach( lambda i: i.call() ) or o.foreach( I.call ) I don't like to make a lists or other objects. I want to iterate trough it and find min. I manage to write a class that do the think but there should be some better solution than that: class Min: def __init__(self,i): self.i = i def get_min(self): return self.i def set_val(self,o): if o.val < self.i: self.i = o.val m = Min( xmin ) self.foreach( m.set_val ) xmin = m.get_min() Ok, so I suppose that my .foreach method is non-python idea. I should do my Class iterable because all your solutions are based on lists and then everything will become easier. In C# there would be no problem with lambda function like that, so I though that python is also that powerful.

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  • Handling text menu in Python

    - by PulpFiction
    Hi all. I am trying to create a text based menu in Python. Here is the code: #!/usr/bin/env python def testcaseOutput(): print '1. Add. 2. Subtract. 3. Divide. 4. Multiply' try: answer = int(raw_input('Enter a value (1 - 4) >. ')) except ValueError: print 'Invalid input. Enter a value between 1 -4 .' testcaseOutput() if answer in range(1, 5): return answer else: print 'Invalid input. Enter a value between 1 - 4.' testcaseOutput() My question: When the user enters an invalid input, i.e. not a number, I want this function to get called again. So I used the recursive approach which I think is bad design. I use that approach again in the if answer in range(1, 5). Is there any other way to handle this? I need the prompt called again when there is an invalid input. Also, is there any way I can club the two constraints: check whether input is a number and check whether the number is in the range(1,5) together? As you can see, I am checking that individually.

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  • Is there a Python module for handling Python object addresses?

    - by cool-RR
    (When I say "object address", I mean the string that you type in Python to access an object. For example 'life.State.step'. Most of the time, all the objects before the last dot will be packages/modules, but in some cases they can be classes or other objects.) In my Python project I often have the need to play around with object addresses. Some tasks that I have to do: Given an object, get its address. Given an address, get the object, importing any needed modules on the way. Shorten an object's address by getting rid of redundant intermediate modules. (For example, 'life.life.State.step' may be the official address of an object, but if 'life.State.step' points at the same object, I'd want to use it instead because it's shorter.) Shorten an object's address by "rooting" a specified module. (For example, 'garlicsim_lib.simpacks.prisoner.prisoner.State.step' may be the official address of an object, but I assume that the user knows where the prisoner package is, so I'd want to use 'prisoner.prisoner.State.step' as the address.) Is there a module/framework that handles things like that? I wrote a few utility modules to do these things, but if someone has already written a more mature module that does this, I'd prefer to use that. One note: Please, don't try to show me a quick implementation of these things. It's more complicated than it seems, there are plenty of gotchas, and any quick-n-dirty code will probably fail for many important cases. These kind of tasks call for battle-tested code. UPDATE: When I say "object", I mostly mean classes, modules, functions, methods, stuff like these. Sorry for not making this clear before.

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  • Create an index only on certain rows in mysql

    - by dhruvbird
    So, I have this funny requirement of creating an index on a table only on a certain set of rows. This is what my table looks like: USER: userid, friendid, created, blah0, blah1, ..., blahN Now, I'd like to create an index on: (userid, friendid, created) but only on those rows where userid = friendid. The reason being that this index is only going to be used to satisfy queries where the WHERE clause contains "userid = friendid". There will be many rows where this is NOT the case, and I really don't want to waste all that extra space on the index. Another option would be to create a table (query table) which is populated on insert/update of this table and create a trigger to do so, but again I am guessing an index on that table would mean that the data would be stored twice. How does mysql store Primary Keys? I mean is the table ordered on the Primary Key or is it ordered by insert order and the PK is like a normal unique index? I checked up on clustered indexes (http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-index-types.html), but it seems only InnoDB supports them. I am using MyISAM (I mention this because then I could have created a clustered index on these 3 fields in the query table). I am basically looking for something like this: ALTER TABLE USERS ADD INDEX (userid, friendid, created) WHERE userid=friendid

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  • mysql join with conditional

    - by Conor H
    Hi There, I am currently working on a MySQL query that contains a table: TBL:lesson_fee -fee_type_id (PRI) -lesson_type_id (PRI) -lesson_fee_amount this table contains the fees for a particular 'lesson type' and there are different 'fee names' (fee_type). Which means that there can be many entries in this table for one 'lesson type' In my query I am joining this table onto the rest of the query via the 'lesson_type' table using: lesson_fee INNER JOIN (other joins here) ON lesson_fee.lesson_type_id = lesson_type.lesson_type_id The problem with this is that it is currently returning duplicate data in the result. 1 row for every duplicate entry in the 'lesson fee' table. I am also joining the 'fee type' table using this 'fee_type_id' Is there a way of telling MySQL to say "Join the lesson_fee table rows that have lesson_fee.lesson_type_id and fee_type_id = client.fee_type_id". UPDATE: Query: SELECT lesson_booking.lesson_booking_id,lesson_fee.lesson_fee_amount FROM fee_type INNER JOIN (lesson_fee INNER JOIN (color_code INNER JOIN (employee INNER JOIN (horse_owned INNER JOIN (lesson_type INNER JOIN (timetable INNER JOIN (lesson_booking INNER JOIN CLIENT ON client.client_id = lesson_booking.client_id) ON lesson_booking.timetable_id = timetable.timetable_id) ON lesson_type.lesson_type_id = timetable.lesson_type_id) ON horse_owned.horse_owned_id = lesson_booking.horse_owned_id) ON employee.employee_id = timetable.employee_id) ON employee.color_code_id = color_code.color_code_id) ON lesson_fee.lesson_type_id = lesson_type.lesson_type_id) ON lesson_fee.fee_type_id = client.fee_type_id WHERE booking_date = '2010-04-06' ORDER BY lesson_booking_id ASC How do I keep the format(indentation) of my query?

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