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• Recommended way to restrict Apache users

  - by Dor

  Following on why should we restrict Apache users, another two questions arises: What is the recommended method of restricting the places Apache users can traverse & read in the file system? What to do against fork bombs and other shell scripting problems? (bash scripting is allowed) My possible solutions (I prefer to know which solution you choose and why): chroot OR mod_chroot disable bash OR use Restricted BASH Please offer another solutions if you find appropriate. (perhaps selinux is?) Current status: Users are allowed to executed bash scripts (via PHP for example) suexec is active Apache requested are served with FastCGI for PHP

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• Account to read AD, join machine to domain, delete computer accounts and move computers to OUs

  - by Ben

  I want to create an account that will perform the following: Join computers to a domain (not restricted to 10, like a normal user) Check for computer accounts in AD Delete computers from AD Move computers between OUs I don't want to allow it to do anything else, so don't want a domain admin account. Can anyone guide me in the right direction in terms of permissions? Not sure if I should be using delegation of control wizard? Cheers, Ben

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• Script for checking the nologin accounts and then disable the account

  - by suma

  "Could you please share the scripts which does the below ?" I have written a script that scans all the relevent logs daily, makes a list of people that have had any activity that day, and maintains database (just a text file) of users and the last time they logged in. Then I have a second script that examines the database for dates more than x days ago, an notifies the user and administrator 2 weeks prior to locking the account. And if there are any dates more than x+y days ago, deletes the account altogether. This seems to be working for me - but I would like to use a non-proprietary solution if one is available. "Could you please share the scripts?"

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• How do I format this regex so it will work in fail2ban?

  - by chapkom

  I've just installed fail2ban on my CentOS server in response to an SSH brute force attempt. The default regular expressions in fail2ban's sshd.conf file do not match any entries in audit.log, which is where SSH seems to be logging all connection attempts, so I am trying to add an expression that will match. The string I am trying to match is as follows: type=USER_LOGIN msg=audit(1333630430.185:503332): user pid=30230 uid=0 auid=500 subj=user_u:system_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 msg='acct="root": exe="/usr /sbin/sshd" (hostname=?, addr=<HOST IP>, terminal=sshd res=failed)' The regular expression I am attempting to use is: ^.*addr=<HOST>, terminal=sshd res=failed.*$ I've used regextester.com and regexr to try to build the regex. The testers give me a match for this regex:^.*addr=\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}, terminal=sshd res=failed.*$ but fail2ban-regex complains if I don't use the <HOST> tag in the regex. However, using ^.*addr=<HOST>, terminal=sshd res=failed.*$ gives me 0 matches. At this point, I am totally stuck and I would greatly appreciate any assistance. What am I doing wrong in the regex I am trying to use?

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• CentOS: How to prevent a user from executing an application installed in a specific directory

  - by slayernoah

  I have an application installed in /etc/mydir. I have executed the following to remove the ability for users to execute this program. chown root:group1 /etc/mydir -R chmod 700 /etc/mydir -R I created a new user and logged in as this user. The new user was not added to group1 However, I was able to execute this program by just typing the program name. How can I stop users being able to run this using chmod and chown. Please let me know. PS. the new users cannot cd into /etc/mydir but they can still execute using the program name.

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• PostgreSQL encrypted backups

  - by Nikhil Gupte

  Is it possible to ensure that dumps taken from a PostgreSQL db are always encrypted? The data in the database is highly sensitive and we cannot afford un-authorized personnel, including Sys Admins who need to backup the db, to access the actual data.

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• How to ACTUALLY install Java on Linux?

  - by Camran

  I have a Ubuntu Server. From the terminal, how should I install JDK? In this guide it says to use this command: sudo apt-get install sun-java6-bin sun-java6-jre sun-java6-jdk But on Suns website, it says JDK includes the JRE, so why the JRE in the line above? Anybody know how to actually install Java? Every guide and every forum shows different ways of doing it. BTW: It is a VPS (virtual private server) Thanks

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• Router reporting failed admin login attempts from home server

  - by jeffora

  I recently noticed in the logs of my home router that it relatively regularly lists the following entry: [admin login failure] from source 192.168.0.160, Monday, June 20,2011 18:13:25 192.168.0.160 is the internal address of my home server, running Windows Home Server 2011. Is there anyway I can find out what specifically is trying to login to the router? Or is there some explanation for this behaviour? (not sure if this belongs here or on superuser...)

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• Basic IIS7 permissions question

  - by Tom Gullen

  We have a website, with a file: www.example.com/apis/httpapi.asp This file is used by the site internally to make requests joining two systems on the website together (one is Classic ASP, the other ASP.net). However, we do not want the public to be able to access the file. In IIS7.5, is there a setting I can do to make this file internal only? I've tried rewriting the URL for it but this rewrite is also applied internally so the scripts stop working as they fetch the rewritten url. Thanks for any help!

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• Chrome - Why am I automatically authenticated to a web app even after clearing browser cookies?

  - by Howiecamp

  I am accessing a web application using Chrome. If I sign out of the app and clear all Chrome history/cookies/etc (even Flash cookies which are now handled by Chrome in the same Clear History area) and then re-access the site, I am automatically logged in without being prompted for credentials. I then launched Chrome in Incognito mode and was able to reproduce the same behavior. However, the I was prompted upon the first logon while in Incognito mode. The web application behaves as expected in Internet Explorer 10. Some info about the application: It's a Sharepoint site using NTLM authentication The credentials are Active Directory-based, as the username is domain\username My connection is over the Internet and there is no AD relationship between my local Windows account, my Windows PC. In other words I (meaning my locally logged on user and my PC) are not in any way part of their AD domain. The site is running SSL on port 443 Why might Chrome be automatically authenticating me?

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• Could local ISP capture my location whenever i launch a VPN to a VPN server?

  - by Ozgun Sunal

  I am extremely concerned that my ISP collects any information once I am connected to a VPN server. For instance, as far as I know, when I start a connection to a HotSpotShield VPN server, an IP address is assigned to me just before a successful connection. Besides, I'll be having an extra IP address at the beginning with the TAP Adapter. An encryption tunnel is set up between me and the VPN server. Whenever my request for a website reaches them (VPN server), they decrypt the data and later they encrypt the reply which returns from the web (targeted) server. This works like that. So, the ISP can not see what I am watching, displaying and writing because the connection is encrypted. But, the targeted websites see and record all actions. Still, they can not identify my real IP address. I'm really concerned about if the ISP can see "my location". OK, it has an IP address from another country as my real IP address, but how does my ISP detect the traffic going through them? Can they find out who I am? Won't they say "Hey, there is a traffic but who is and what he is doing right now?", because I get the Internet from them?

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• how to see activity logs on a linux pc?

  - by iamrohitbanga

  I want to find out everything possible about the how the pc was used in the past few days. Like who logged in, for how long was the PC was locked and any other information about user activity that is logged on my PC. I know that last command can be used to find out who was logged in and for how long. Any other information that can be found out.

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• rhel configure: limit root direct login to systems except through system consoles

  - by zhaojing

  I have to configure to limit root direct access except system consoles. That is, the ways of telnet, ftp, SSH are all prohibited. Root can only login through console. I understand that will require me to configure the file /etc/securetty. I have to comment all the tty, just keep "console" in /etc/securetty. But from google, I found many peoples said that configure /etc/securetty will not limit the way of SSH login. From my experiment, I found it is. (configure /etc/securetty won't limit SSH login). And I add one line in /etc/pam.d/system-auth: auth required pam_securetty It seems root SSH login can be prohibited. But I can't find the reason: What is the difference of configure pam_securetty and /etc/securetty? Can anyone help me with this? Only configure /etc/securetty could work? Or Have I to configure pam_securetty at the same time? Thanks a lot!

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• There are currently no logon servers available

  - by Ian Robinson

  I am running a Windows 7 laptop that is joined to my company's domain. When I installed Windows 7, I created an account for myself, joined to the domain, and it had been working quite well even though I'm physically remote most of the time, and not actually on the network. However, today I created a new local user account (non-admin) for my little brother. While he was using it, he decided he wanted to install a program, because his account is not an admin, he was prompted to enter Administrator credentials to allow the program to make changes to his computer. I entered my credentials, and this is the first time I ran into the error message: There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request. I tried logging off and loggin back in, rebooting, etc etc, and no matter what, every time I try to authenticate as my "normal" domain account - I get that message. I can no longer access my computer as an administrator. I no longer know how to log in to my machine using any other account aside from my little brother's non-admin account. I don't have any other local accounts created, and the default local admin account was never enabled. I'd appreciate any ideas on how I can recover access to my account. Let me know if I can provide any more information. FYI - This is a similar question but not sure any of the answers help me in my case. http://serverfault.com/questions/71632/there-are-currently-no-logon-servers-available-to-service-the-logon-request

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• Is it worth running nessus as well as OpenVAS?

  - by kdt

  Apparently OpenVAS originated as a fork of Nessus. It is very easy to install and use OpenVAS because it's, well, open. However, am I kidding myself if I just use that instead of Nessus? Should I be using both, or if I use Nessus then is OpenVAS surplus to requirements? To break it down into non-subjective sub-questions: * Is openvas a superset or subset of nessus? * Is one updated more often than the other? * Does one have a bigger vulnerability database than the other? * ...or are there other qualitative differences that I may be missing?

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• hosts.deny not working

  - by Captain Planet

  Currently I am watching the live auth.log and someone is continuously trying the brute force attack for 10 hours. Its my local server so no need to worry but I want to test. I have installed denyhosts. There is already an entry for that IP address in hosts.deny. But still he is trying the attacks from same IP. System is not blocking that. Firstly I don't know how did that IP address get entered in that file. I didn't enter it, is there any other system script which can do that. hosts.deny is sshd: 120.195.108.22 sshd: 95.130.12.64 hosts.allow ALL:ALL sshd: ALL Is there any iptable setting that can override the host.deny file

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• Preparing laptops for theft

  - by ccook

  With a number of laptops out there the likelihood of one being stolen is high. What methods, preferably free, can be used to secure the data on the computers? The laptops do not have any special hardware on them, and generally keep their user data in a dropbox folder. One small step taken is to have the the dropbox folder encrypted by Windows 7. Any additional suggestions are greatly appreciated. The data in the dropbox folder is sensitive.

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• what constitutes out-of-band access to a server?

  - by broiyan

  The first time I access my server with a new installation of Filezilla or Putty, I will get prompted that I should continue only if the RSA key shown to me is correct. The cloud provider has advice on their website that I ought to use their AJAX console to get a key out-of-band with which to compare to the one shown by Filezilla. The AJAX console is launched from a link on the cloud provider's website which requires a login. Exactly how is this AJAX console considered to be out-of-band when it obviously is not a form of physical access to the server?

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• Windows: View "all" permissions of a specific user or group

  - by peterchen

  For a Windows domain, is there a way to see for a certain user or group, where the user/group has permissions? Primarily: List which files / folders the user can access on a certain network share. (Kind of a recursive "effective permissions") However, other permissions would be cool as well. I believe I've seen such a tool in action, but I can't remember anything beyond that - so this might be a false memory. Recommendations?

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• iptables -- OK, **now** am I doing it right?

  - by Agvorth

  This is a follow up to a previous question where I asked whether my iptables config is correct. CentOS 5.3 system. Intended result: block everything except ping, ssh, Apache, and SSL. Based on xenoterracide's advice and the other responses to the question (thanks guys), I created this script: # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP Now when I list the rules I get... # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere state INVALID 9 612 ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 644 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination I ran it and I can still log in, so that's good. Anyone notice anything major out of wack?

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• Picking up a lot of failed authentications for various accounts

  - by Josh K

  My server is getting a lot of various failed authentication attempts for various accounts. The most common one (that I've seen ) or the root account. I have since enabled Fail2Ban and ran several rootkit / malware checks to ensure I wasn't compromised. Is there anything else I should do? I only have three accounts enabled, and SSH access for only two. I have a full 48hr ban on anyone making more then six failed SSH login attempts. I do not have FTP enabled.

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• How can I change default public access directory for WHM and cPanel

  - by james

  I want to change the default directory so that someone can't just go to my server.com/cpanel or server.com/whm and start trying to access my system. Any tips? Webserver is Apache2

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• How to protect myself from promiscuous mode?

  - by Rivari

  I have read that some network adapters can switch to promiscuous mode and get all the packets sent by my router. We have multiple computers here connected to the same router. They all have the WEP key for authentification. So basicaly, this means that anyone of them, using the promiscuous mode, can see all the packets destined to others computers? That's frightening. How can I prevent this?

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• Get the "source network address" in Event ID 529 audit entries on Windows XP

  - by Make it useful Keep it simple

  In windows server 2003 when an Event 529 (logon failure) occures with a logon type of 10 (remote logon), the source network IP address is recorded in the event log. On a windows XP machine, this (and some other details) are omitted. If a bot is trying a brute force over RDP (some of my XP machines are (and need to be) exposed with a public IP address), i cannot see the originating IP address so i don't know what to block (with a script i run every few minutes). The DC does not log this detail either when the logon attempt is to the client xp machine and the DC is only asked to authenticate the credentials. Any help getting this detail in the log would be appreciated.

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• Which ports to open on domain vs internet

  - by zsharp

  I have a web server/database/domainController. I notice that ports 137 and 138 on the public IP AND private IP are open on all machines there are also other open ports on 0.0.0.0.(ie. 135, 2002) Can and should I close 137-139 on the public IP only? will that interfere with any services.

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