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  • Boolean checks with a single quadtree, or multiple quadtrees?

    - by Djentleman
    I'm currently developing a 2D sidescrolling shooter game for PC (think metroidvania but with a lot more happening at once). Using XNA. I'm utilising quadtrees for my spatial partitioning system. All objects will be encompassed by standard bounding geometry (box or sphere) with possible pixel-perfect collision detection implemented after geometry collision (depends on how optimised I can get it). These are my collision scenarios, with < representing object overlap (multiplayer co-op is the reason for the player<player scenario): Collision scenarios (true = collision occurs): Player <> Player = false Enemy <> Enemy = false Player <> Enemy = true PlayerBullet <> Enemy = true PlayerBullet <> Player = false PlayerBullet <> EnemyBullet = true PlayerBullet <> PlayerBullet = false EnemyBullet <> Player = true EnemyBullet <> Enemy = false EnemyBullet <> EnemyBullet = false Player <> Environment = true Enemy <> Environment = true PlayerBullet <> Environment = true EnemyBullet <> Environment = true Going off this information and the fact that were will likely be several hundred objects rendering on-screen at any given time, my question is as follows: Which method is likely to be the most efficient/optimised and why: Using a single quadtree with boolean checks for collision between the different types of objects. Using three quadtrees at once (player, enemy, environment), only testing the player and enemy trees against each other while testing both the player and enemy trees against the environment tree.

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  • Stylecop 4.7.37.0 has been released

    - by TATWORTH
    Stylecop  4.7.37.0 has been released at http://stylecop.codeplex.com/releases/view/79972The release notes follow:Add docs for new SA1650 spelling rule.Fix for 7395. Dont remove parenthesis around await expressions.Insert a returns element into docs within a see element.Update our tools folder StyleCop dll'sfix for 7392. Insert generic type docs for return types correctly.Fix for 7393. Allow documentation elements with attributes to end the string and still be valid.Make sure the MSBuild Task logs the warning id and type of exception. Unless the description field holds all this info VS cannot show the text in the Error List.Load custom dictionaries for multiple cultures. For a culture like en-GB; we load CustomDictionary.xml, then look for CustomDictionary.en-GB.xml and then CustomDictionary.en.xmlUpdate standard shipping dictionaries.Element documentation spelling fixes.Reduce the standard dictionaryUpdate our own devbuild StyleCop checks.Don't check spelling of xml documentation attributes are anything inside  <c> or <code> elements.Update StylingStyling update.Add timestamps for all the dependant files into the StyleCopResults.cache. Add a FileSystemWatcher to all custom dictionary files.Write out the full violation into the StyleCopResults.cache.Change a rules description text.Styling fixes.Styling fixes.NEW RULE: Check Spelling Of Element Documetation. Fix over 2000 spelling errors in our source code. Update the VS addin to show the rule violation in more detail. Add spelling checker to the deployment.Set our own Culture to en-USDocumentation spelling fixes.First draft of the documentation spelling checker.Fix for 7325. Don't throw 1126 in goto statements.Fix for 7090. Add TargetsDir to registry during install.Fix for 7060. Sort usings after moving them inside namespace.Fix FxCop issues.Fix for 7389. Detect CpuCount on Unix/MACFix for 6788. Allow opening curly brackets for scope. Added new tests.Updating constants.Fix for 7167. Show version number of StyleCop in VS Help window.Only output StyleCop excluded files if there are any.

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  • How to improve my email communication

    - by SpashHit
    Paraphrase of an email I sent to a colleague I noticed a problem with System A. I have determined that it is not caused by X. I suspect that it is being caused by Y. (since you are in charge of Y) Can you please take a look at it? (The part in parentheses was not included in my email because this colleague knows full well he is in charge of Y... it should be understood that's why I was sending him the email) I run into the colleague half a day later, and say, "did you look at the problem with System A yet?" and he answers, "Oh, yeah, I got your email about System A being broken but I assumed it was probably caused by X, so I was waiting for you to check on that." Obviously my message did not get communicated. This is an all-too-common result of emails I send and is very discouraging... yet, I don't know how I could make my emails any clearer. They are always as brief, clear, and to the point as I can make them. Any suggestions? Maybe there is something inherent about the medium of email that is just not effective for these types of communications?

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  • Flash Player for IPTV

    - by Le Mystique
    Hi All, We have to design a flash player for three video sources of IPTV. Educational videos on the system that can be played on demand. (VOD or Video on Demand local) Streaming videos available on different websites that can be played on demand (VOD or Video on Demand remote) IPTV live streaming video feed Videos from three sources have to be played within single flash player that we need to design. There are 2 basic requirements: For the two VOD types, we have to provide the pause and play functionality. For IPTV, pause and play is not required, However, channel switching time is critically important here. The user should get the program behaviour as close to TV experience as possible. This means channel switching should be fast. To provide this, buffering of video is required for multiple channels. Now the questions is, is this possible? If yes, how? Secondly, what skill set (e.g. action script 3.0 , flash 10) should the flash programmer have to be able to design this? Thirdly is it as simple as making a normal FLV player? Or is it a more complex job?

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  • Making Multilingual J! 1.5 + + Joomfish + VM 1.17 more workable

    - by rhand
    I have been working with a multilingual Joomla! 1.5.23 e-commerce website for a client for quite a while and made several customizations. But the client is still not happy he has to adjust content at at least three locations: Joomfish Virtuemart Article Manager Joomfish is nice in the way that it allows you to create multilingual content and copy and paste the source language on the same page, which makes translation work easier but it is annoying in the way you have to edit several custom fields at different locations/ content types. As Joomla! source language content still needs to be created in the article manager first this is the second location the client has to work at. The third location is Virtuemart. Here all the products and product categories are created. And here we added some custom fields as well. Now I was considering upgrading the website to Joomla 1.7 or later on to 1.8. This J! versions have better multilingual support. But I wonder if er can really make the client's life easier. We will still have to copy the source language to a new article and create content in another language. We will still have the issue of content in custom fields that needs to be translated and we will still have to create content. Should I go for another CMS such as Magento or do you think there is a way in a more recent Joomla! version to work with all content in one or max two locations?

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  • What's a way to implement a flexible buff/debuff system?

    - by gkimsey
    Overview: Lots of games which RPG-like statistics allow for character "buffs", ranging from simple "Deal 25% extra damage" to more complicated things like "Deal 15 damage back to attackers when hit." The specifics of each type of buff aren't really relevant. I'm looking for a (presumably object-oriented) way to handle arbitrary buffs. Details: In my particular case, I have multiple characters in a turn-based battle environment, so I envisioned buffs being tied to events like "OnTurnStart", "OnReceiveDamage", etc. Perhaps each buff is a subclass of a main Buff abstract class, where only the relevant events are overloaded. Then each character could have a vector of buffs currently applied. Does this solution make sense? I can certainly see dozens of event types being necessary, it feels like making a new subclass for each buff is overkill, and it doesn't seem to allow for any buff "interactions". That is, if I wanted to implement a cap on damage boosts so that even if you had 10 different buffs which all give 25% extra damage, you only do 100% extra instead of 250% extra. And there's more complicated situations that ideally I could control. I'm sure everyone can come up with examples of how more sophisticated buffs can potentially interact with each other in a way that as a game developer I may not want. As a relatively inexperienced C++ programmer (I generally have used C in embedded systems), I feel like my solution is simplistic and probably doesn't take full advantage of the object-oriented language. Thoughts? Has anyone here designed a fairly robust buff system before?

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  • Index Check and Correct Character Display in a Console Hangman Game for Java

    - by Jen
    I have this problem wherein, I can not display the correct characters given by the character. Here's what I meant: String words, in; String replaced_words; Scanner s = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("Enter a line of words basing on an event, verse, place or a name of a person."); words = s.nextLine(); System.out.println("The words you just placed are now accepted."); //using char array method, we tried to place the words into a characters array. char [] c = words.toCharArray(); // we need to replace the replaced_words = words.replace(' ', '_').replaceAll("[^\\-]", "-"); for (int i = 0; i < replaced_words.length(); i++) { System.out.print(replaced_words.charAt(i) + " "); } System.out.println("Now, please input a character, guessing the words you just placed."); in = s.nextLine(); in that code, want that the user, when types a word (or should it be character?), any of the correct character the user inputs will be displayed, and changes the hyphen to it...(more like the hangman series of games). How can I achieve this?

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  • How successful is GPL in reaching its goals?

    - by StasM
    There are, broadly, two types of FOSS licenses when it relates to commercial usage of the code - let's say the GPL-type and the BSD-type. The first is, broadly, restrictive about commercial usage (by usage I also mean modification and redistribution, as well as creating derived works, etc.) of the code under the license, and the second is much more permissive. As I understand, the idea behind GPL-type licenses is to encourage people to abandon the proprietary software model and instead convert to the FOSS code, and the license is the instrument to entice them to do so - i.e. "you can use this nice software, but only if you agree to come to our camp and play by our rules". What I want to ask is - was this strategy successful so far? I.e. are there any major achievements in the form of some big project going from closed to open because of GPL or some software being developed in the open only because GPL made it so? How big is the impact of this strategy - compared, say, to the world where everybody would have BSD-type licenses or release all open-source code under public domain? Note that I am not asking if FOSS model is successful - this is beyond question. What I am asking is if the specific way of enticing people to convert from proprietary to FOSS used by GPL-type and not used by BSD-type licenses was successful. I also don't ask about the merits of GPL itself as the license - just about the fact of its effectiveness.

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  • Managing products on a an ecommerce site [closed]

    - by John
    I've had a site that sells widgets for many years. I do not inventory my widgets, but the cost of adding them to the site and makings sure the site is current is becoming cost prohibitive. Here are the facts: I sell a single class of widget. I have about 50,000 widgets on my site. I have about 100 vendors that create and dropship the products when they get an order from me via email. Each vendor carries from 50 to 5000 types of widgets. Vendors all have websites with images and descriptions of their products. Each widget is produced in limited supply and usually sell out in 1-5 years. Prices of the widget often go up, sometimes more than 50% before they sell out. My vendors aren't very tech sophisticated. They have websites with their products, but most can't supply an api or database dump. Their websites usually display retail prices to the public, but I login or refer to a price list (usually excel) for wholesale prices. As it stands now, I hire local people to add and describe each widget to our website. It usually takes a person 4 minutes to add a widget to the site. This doesn't include moving to a new vendor. I feel like the upload/edit process is as good as it can get via a form/website. The problem is that it is getting very expensive to upload and keep the widget inventory current. I often get orders for something after it's sold out from the vendor or the price is wrong. This seems like it would be a problem in many industries. Can anyone suggest the cheapest way to upload inventory and ensure prices are current from my vendors? I'm assuming it will involve outsourcing, but I would like ideas on how to setup the compensation model.

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  • Object oriented wrapper around a dll

    - by Tom Davies
    So, I'm writing a C# managed wrapper around a native dll. The dll contains several hundred functions. In most cases, the first argument to each function is an opaque handle to a type internal to the dll. So, an obvious starting point for defining some classes in the wrapper would be to define classes corresponding to each of these opaque types, with each instance holding and managing the opaque handle (passed to its constructor) Things are a little awkward when dealing with callbacks from the dll. Naturally, the callback handlers in my wrapper have to be static, but the callbacks arguments invariable contain an opaque handle. In order to get from the static callback back to an object instance, I've created a static dictionary in each class, associating handles with class instances. In the constructor of each class, an entry is put into the dictionary, and this entry is then removed in the Destructors. When I receive a callback, I can then consult the dictionary to retrieve the class instance corresponding to the opaque reference. Are there any obvious flaws to this? Something that seems to be a problem is that the existence static dictionary means that the garbage collector will not act on my class instances that are otherwise unreachable. As they are never garbage collected, they never get removed from the dictionary, so the dictionary grows. It seems I might have to manually dispose of my objects, which is something absolutely would like to avoid. Can anyone suggest a good design that allows me to avoid having to do this?

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  • Notification framework for object lifecycle

    - by rlandster
    I am looking for an application, framework, or library that would help us with "object life-cycle management". There are many things that are created for users, departments, and services that, all too often, are left unmanaged. Some examples: user accounts groups SSL certificates access rights databases software license provisionings storage list-serve accounts These objects are created and managed by a wide variety of applications and systems. Typically, a user (person) requests (either explicitly or implicitly) one of these objects. A centralized management tool would help us manage such administration chores as: What objects does user X currently own/manage? Move the ownership of object P to user X; move all objects owned by user X (who was just been fired) to user Y. For all objects of type T that have expired be sure the objects have been disabled or deleted by their provider. How many active (expired, about-to-expire) objects of type P are there? Send periodic notifications to all users who own active objects of type P reminding them of what they own. There is a security alert for objects of type P; send a notification to all users who own these types of objects to take a specific remedial action. Delete or disable a set of objects based on expiration (or some other criteria). These objects are directly managed through their own applications (Active Directory, MySql, file systems, etc.) and may even have their own notification systems, but I want to centralize this into an "object management system". The OMS should allow the association with an external identity provider that defines who the users and groups are (e.g., LDAP, Active Directory) creation of objects association of an object to a specific user and/or group association with an expiration date creation of flexible reporting including letting users know what objects they currently own and their expiration dates integration with an external object "provider" via a plug-in We could write something from scratch, but I am hoping there is something already out there that will help, either an entire application or a set of libraries that provide much of what is needed. Any ideas?

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  • State changes in entities or components

    - by GriffinHeart
    I'm having some trouble figuring how to deal with state management in my entities. I don't have trouble with Game state management, like pause and menus, since these are not handled as an entity component system; just with state in entities/components. Drawing from Orcs Must Die as an example, I have my MainCharacter and Trap entities which only have their components like PositionComponent, RenderComponent, PhysicsComponent. On each update the Entity will call update on its components. I also have a generic EventManager with listeners for different event types. Now I need to be able to place the traps: first select the trap and trap position then place the trap. When placing a trap it should appear in front of the MainCharacter, rendered in a different way and following it around. When placed it should just respond to collisions and be rendered in the normal way. How is this usually handled in component based systems? (This example is specific but can help figure out the general way to deal with entities states.)

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  • Preventing item duplication?

    - by PuppyKevin
    For my game, there's two types of items - stackable, and nonstackable. Nonstackable items get assigned a unique ID that stays with it forever. A character ID is assosicated with the item, as is a state (CHANGED, UNCHANGED, NEW, REMOVED). The character ID and state is used for item saving purposes. Stackable items have one unique ID, as in the entire stack has one unique ID. For example: 5 Potions (stacked ontop of each other) has one unique ID. When dropping a nonstackable item, the state gets set to REMOVED, and the unique ID and state don't change. If picked up by another player, the state gets set to NEW, and the character ID gets changed to the new character's ID. When dropping all items in a stack of stackable items (for example, 5 potions out of 5) - it behaves just like a nonstackable item. When dropping some of a stack of stackable items (for example, 3 potions out of 5)... I really have no clue what to do. The 3 dropped potions have the state of REMOVED, but the same unique ID and character ID. If another player picks it up, it has no choice but to obtain a new unique ID, and its state gets changed to NEW and its character ID to the new one. If the dropping player picks it back up, they'd just be readded to the stack. There's two issues with that though. 1. If the player who dropped the 3 potions picks it back up, there's no way to tell if they legitimately dropped the items, or if they're duped items. 2. If another player picks up the 3 potions (assuming they're duped), there's no way to know if they're duped or not. My question is: How can I create a system that detects duplicated items for both nonstackable and stackable items?

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  • Reflective discovery of an inner class in an API

    - by wassup
    Let me ask you, as this bothers me for quite a while but appears to be subjectively the best solution for my problem, if reflective discovery of an inner class for API purposes is that bad idea? First, let me explain what I mean by saying "reflective discovery" and all that stuff. I am sketching an API for a Java database system, that'll be centered around block-based entities (don't ask me what that means - that's a long story), and those entities can be read and returned to the Java code as objects subclassed from the Entity class. I have an Entity.Factory class, that, by means of fluent interfaces, takes a Class<? extends Entity> argument and then, uses an instance of Section.Builder, Property.Builder, or whatever builder the entity has, to put it into the back-end storage. The idea about registering all entity types and their builders just doesn't appeal to me, so I thought that the closest solution to the problem that'd suffice my design needs would be to discover, using reflection, all inner classes of Entity classes and find one that's called Builder. Looking for some expert insight :) And if I missed some important design details (which could happen as I tried to make this question as concise as possible), just tell me and I'll add them.

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  • How should I structure moving from overworld to menu system / combat?

    - by persepolis
    I'm making a text-based "Arena" game where the player is the owner of 5 creatures that battle other teams for loot, experience and glory. The game is very simple, using Python and a curses emulator. I have a static ASCII map of an "overworld" of sorts. My character, represented by a glyph, can move about this static map. There are locations all over the map that the character can visit, that break down into two types: 1) Towns, which are a series of menus that will allow the player to buy equipment for his team, hire new recruits or do other things. 2) Arenas, where the player's team will have a "battle" interface with actions he can perform, messages about the fight, etc. Maybe later, an ASCII representation of the fight but for now, just screens of information with action prompts. My main problem is what kind of design or structure I should use to implement this? Right now, the game goes through a master loop which waits for keyboard input and then moves the player about the screen. My current thinking is this: 1) Upon keyboard input, the Player coordinates are checked against a list of Location objects and if the Player coords match the Location coords then... 2) ??? I'm not sure if I should then call a seperate function to initiate a "menu" or "combat" mode. Or should I create some kind of new GameMode object that contains a method itself for drawing the screen, printing the necessary info? How do I pass my player's team data into this object? My main concern is passing around the program flow into all these objects. Should I be calling straight functions for different parts of my game, and objects to represent "things" within my game? I was reading about the MVC pattern and how this kind of problem might benefit - decouple the GUI from the game logic and user input but I have no idea how this applies to my game.

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  • Webservice Return Generic Result Type or Purposed Result Type

    - by hanzolo
    I'm building a webservice which returns JSON / XML / SOAP at the moment.. and I'm not entirely sure which approach for returning results is best. Which would be a better return value? A generic "transfer" type structure, which carries Generic properties or a purposed type with distinct properties: class GenericTransferObject{ public string returnVal; public string returnType; } VS class PurposedTransferObject_1{ public string Property1; } //and then building additional "types" for additional values class PurposedTransferObject_2 { public string PropertyA; public string PropertyB; } Now, this would be the serialized and returned from a web service call via some client technology, JQuery in this example. SO if I called: /GetDaysInWeek/ I would either get back: {"returnType": "DaysInWeek", "returnVal": "365" } OR {"DaysInWeek": "365"} And then it would go from there. On the one hand there's flexibilty with the 1st example. I can add "returnTypes" without needing to adjust the client other than referencing an additional "index".. but if I had to add a property, now i'm changing a structure definition.. Is there an obvious choice in this situation?

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  • Why did the web win the space of remote applications and X not?

    - by Martin Josefsson
    The X Window System is 25 years old, it had it's birthday yesterday (on the 15'th). As you probably are aware of, one of it's most important features is the separation of the server side and the client side in a way that neither Microsoft's, Apples or Wayland's windowing systems have. Back in the days (sorry for the ambiguous phrasing) many believed X would dominate over other ways to make windows because of this separation of server and client, allowing the application to be ran on a server somewhere else while the user clicks and types on her own computer at home. This use obviously still exists, but is marginalized at best. When we write and use programs that run on a server we almost always use the web with it's html/css/js. Why did the web win, and X not? The technologies used for the web (said html/css/js) are a mess. Combined with all the back-end-frameworks (Rails, Django and all) it really is a jungle to navigate thru. Still the web thrives with creativity and progress, while remote X apps do not.

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  • SQL language drawbacks, The Third Manifesto

    - by David Portabella
    Sometime ago I read about SQL language drawbacks (the basic language specification, not vendor specific), and one of the drawbacks was that the language does not allow to create a set of tuples that don't come from a table. For instance, SELECT firstName, lastName from people; this creates a set of tuples coming from the table people. Now, if I don't have this table people, and I want to return a constant, I'd need something like this to return a set of two tuples (this would not require to have a table): SELECT VALUES('james', 'dean'), ('tom', 'cruisse'); Why I would need that? Because of the same reasons that we can define constants (not only basic types, but objects and arrays also) in any advanced programming language. Workarounds, Yes, I could create a temporal table, fill the data, and SELECT from that table. This is a hack, to overcome the drawbacks of the poor SQL language. I think that I read about this somewhere in "The Third Manifesto", but I don't find the paragraph/example talking about this concrete drawback anymore. Do you know a reference about it?

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  • Java Components Landing Page and Documentation Updates

    - by joni g.
    The new Java Components page provides access to the documentation for tools that are available for monitoring, managing, and testing Java applications. Documentation for the new versions of the following tools is available: JavaTest Harness 4.6. The JavaTest harness is a general purpose, fully-featured, flexible, and configurable test harness that is suited for most types of unit testing. See the JavaTest tab for documentation. SigTest 3.1. SigTest is a collection of tools that can be used to compare APIs and to measure the test coverage of an API. See the SigTest tab for documentation. The following tools are part of Oracle Java SE Advanced and Oracle Java SE Suite. Java Mission Control and Java Flight Control 5.4 are supported in JDK 8u20. Java Flight Recorder and Java Mission Control together create a complete tool chain to continuously collect low level and detailed runtime information enabling after-the-fact incident analysis. See the JMC tab for documentation. Advanced Management Console 1.0 is a new tool that is now available. AMC can be used to view information about the Java applets and Java Web Start applications running in your enterprise, and create deployment rules and rule sets to manage the execution of these applications. See the AMC tab for documentation. Usage Tracker tracks how Java Runtime Environments (JREs) are being used in your systems. See the Usage Tracker tab for documentation.

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  • Java enum pairs / "subenum" or what exactly?

    - by vemalsar
    I have an RPG-style Item class and I stored the type of the item in enum (itemType.sword). I want to store subtype too (itemSubtype.long), but I want to express the relation between two data type (sword can be long, short etc. but shield can't be long or short, only round, tower etc). I know this is wrong source code but similar what I want: enum type { sword; } //not valid code! enum swordSubtype extends type.sword { short, long } Question: How can I define this connection between two data type (or more exactly: two value of the data types), what is the most simple and standard way? Array-like data with all valid (itemType,itemSubtype) enum pairs or (itemType,itemSubtype[]) so more subtype for one type, it would be the best. OK but how can I construct this simplest way? Special enum with "subenum" set or second level enum or anything else if it does exists 2 dimensional "canBePairs" array, itemType and itemSubtype dimensions with all type and subtype and boolean elements, "true" means itemType (first dimension) and itemSubtype (second dimension) are okay, "false" means not okay Other better idea Thank you very much!

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  • Hexagonal Tiles

    - by PATRY
    i'm doing a tactical game (X-Com / Fallout style) for fun. I've decided to use an hexagonal map, but i'm having a graphic problem. My current map display is HUD-like, with only the border of the map cells displayed, without any texture. it's simple and allow for display of different types of informations by varying the color of the border. For exemple the "danger view mode" displays the borders with a color going from green (no damage possible) to red (prob of damage 90%). Now, It's a bit hard to différenciate the kind of tile the player is on. I could put a plain color (green is grass, pale blue is water...), but this is going to limit the possibilities. Thus, i would like to display a texture on my tiles. Since the map are generated, i can not use a picture for the whole map with the HUD over. So, my question is : does any one knows how i could generate the sealess hexagonal textures (algo or plugin), or if there is a site with some hexagonal tiles ?

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  • JCP 2012 Award Nominations Announced

    - by heathervc
      The 10th Annual JCP Program Award Nominations have been posted on JCP.org.  The community gets together every year during JavaOne to congratulate the winners and nominees at the JCP Community Party held in San Francisco. This year there are three awards: JCP Member/Participant of the Year, Outstanding Spec Lead, and Most Significant JSR. Member of the Year: Stephen Colebourne Markus Eisele Google JUG Chennai Werner Keil London Java Community and SouJava Antoine Sabot-Durand Outstanding Spec Lead Michael Ernst, JSR 308, Annotations on Java Types Victor Grazi, Credit Suisse, JSR 354, Money and Currency API Nigel Deakin, Oracle, JSR 343, Java Message Service 2.0 Pete Muir, Red Hat, JSR 346, Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE 1.1 Most Significant JSR API for JSON Processing, JSR 353 Money and Currency API, JSR  354 Java State Management, JSR 350 Java Message Service 2, JSR 343 JCP.Next, JSR 348, JSR 355, and JSR 358 Congratulations to the nominees; you can read the nomination text and more information about the awards here.  And remember to join us on Tuesday, 2 October at the Infusion Lounge to celebrate with the winners and nominees!

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  • How do you avoid name similarities between your classes and the native ones?

    - by Oscar
    I just ran into an "interesting problem", which I would like your opinion about: I am developing a system and for many reasons (meaning: abstraction, technology independence, etc) we create our own types for exchanging information. For instance: if there is a method which is called SendEmail and is invoked by the business logic, it way have a parameter of type OurCompany.EMailMessage, which is an object which is completely technology independent and contains only "business relevant data" (for instance, no information abut head encoding). Inside the SendEmail function, we get this information from our EMailMEssage object and create a MailMessage (this one is technolgy specific) object so it can be sent over the network. As you can already notice, our class has a very similar name to the "native" language class. The problem is: this is exactly what they are, email messages, so it is hard to find another meaningful name for them. Do you have this problem often? How do you manage it? Edit: @mgkrebbs just commented about using fully qualified names. This is our current approach, but a little bit too verbose, IMHO. I would like something cleaner, if possible.

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  • What is a 'good number' of exceptions to implement for my library?

    - by Fuzz
    I've always wondered how many different exception classes I should implement and throw for various pieces of my software. My particular development is usually C++/C#/Java related, but I believe this is a question for all languages. I want to understand what is a good number of different exceptions to throw, and what the developer community expect of a good library. The trade-offs I see include: More exception classes can allow very fine grain levels of error handling for API users (prone to user configuration or data errors, or files not being found) More exception classes allows error specific information to be embedded in the exception, rather than just a string message or error code More exception classes can mean more code maintenance More exception classes can mean the API is less approachable to users The scenarios I wish to understand exception usage in include: During 'configuration' stage, which might include loading files or setting parameters During an 'operation' type phase where the library might be running tasks and doing some work, perhaps in another thread Other patterns of error reporting without using exceptions, or less exceptions (as a comparison) might include: Less exceptions, but embedding an error code that can be used as a lookup Returning error codes and flags directly from functions (sometimes not possible from threads) Implemented an event or callback system upon error (avoids stack unwinding) As developers, what do you prefer to see? If there are MANY exceptions, do you bother error handling them separately anyway? Do you have a preference for error handling types depending on the stage of operation?

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  • Languages with a clear distinction between subroutines that are purely functional, mutating, state-changing, etc?

    - by CPX
    Lately I've become more and more frustrated that in most modern programming languages I've worked with (C/C++, C#, F#, Ruby, Python, JS and more) there is very little, if any, language support for determining what a subroutine will actually do. Consider the following simple pseudo-code: var x = DoSomethingWith(y); How do I determine what the call to DoSomethingWith(y) will actually do? Will it mutate y, or will it return a copy of y? Does it depend on global or local state, or is it only dependent on y? Will it change the global or local state? How does closure affect the outcome of the call? In all languages I've encountered, almost none of these questions can be answered by merely looking at the signature of the subroutine, and there is almost never any compile-time or run-time support either. Usually, the only way is to put your trust in the author of the API, and hope that the documentation and/or naming conventions reveal what the subroutine will actually do. My question is this: Does there exist any languages today that make symbolic distinctions between these types of scenarios, and places compile-time constraints on what code you can actually write? (There is of course some support for this in most modern languages, such as different levels of scope and closure, the separation between static and instance code, lambda functions, et cetera. But too often these seem to come into conflict with each other. For instance, a lambda function will usually either be purely functional, and simply return a value based on input parameters, or mutate the input parameters in some way. But it is usually possible to access static variables from a lambda function, which in turn can give you access to instance variables, and then it all breaks apart.)

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