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  • How can I force apt to optimize the dependency tree for minimal download size?

    - by ObsessiveSSO?
    Some background information: As you may know, in a Debian package, there may be alternative dependencies, written in the CONTROL file as Depends: apache2|something-else, for example. How does apt select which dependencies to choose, and how can I override this so I can minimize download size? I'm on a slow connection on some locations and need it to use the smallest total download size. How can I force it to do so?

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  • SEO Techniques Help in Getting Higher Ranks

    SEO plays a very important role in bringing adequate traffic to your website. And especially when you are in a web marketing business like selling products and services through internet, then the success of you company depends upon the traffic coming to your website.

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  • Steps to Building a Website

    Here are some basic steps to building a website that are often overlooked but must be carefully considered at the start so that your time and money are not wasted. You have some choices to make, and a lot depends on your computer skills. The standard website building programs have been DreamWeaver or Front Page.

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  • JBossMQ - Clustered Queues/NameNotFoundException: QueueConnectionFactory error

    - by mfarver
    I am trying to get an application working on a JBoss Cluster. It uses Queues internally, and the developer claims that it should work correctly in a clustered environment. I have jbossmq setup as a ha-singleton on the cluster. The application works correctly on whichever node currently is running the queue, but fails on the other nodes with a: "javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: QueueConnectionFactory not bound" error. I can look at JNDIview from the jmx-console and see that indeed the QueueConnectionFactory class only appears on the primary node in the Global context. Is there a way to see the Cluster's JNDI listing instead of each server? The steps I took from a default Jboss 4.2.3.GA installation were to use the "all" configuration. Then removed /server/all/deploy/hsqldb-ds.xml and /deploy-hasingleton/jms/hsqldb-jdbc2-service.xml, copying the example/jms/mysq-jdbc2-service.xml file into its place (editing that file to use DefaultDS instead of MySqlDS). Finally I created a mysql-ds.xml file in the deploy directory pointing "DefaultDS" at an empty database. I created a -services.xml file in the deploy directory with the queue definition. like the one below: <server> <mbean code="org.jboss.mq.server.jmx.Queue" name="jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=myfirstqueue"> <depends optional-attribute-name="DestinationManager"> jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager </depends> </mbean> </server> All of the other cluster features of working, the servers list each other in the view, and sessions are replicating back and forth. The JBoss documentation is somewhat light in this area, is there another setting I might have missed? Or is this likely to be a code issue (is there different code to do a JNDI lookup in a clusted environment?) Thanks

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  • Can't install PHP after apt-get dist-upgrade

    - by WASD42
    I had a server with perfectly running for months classical LAMP installation on Ubuntu 8.04: Linux localhost 2.6.24-23-generic #1 SMP Wed Apr 1 21:47:28 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=8.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=hardy DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS" Don't know why I've started apt-get update, apt-get upgrade but everything ended with apt-get dist-upgrade :) Everything gone alright... But now I can't start nor Apache, nor PHP, because PHP was simply deleted. When I'm trying to install it: > apt-get install php5 <...> The following packages have unmet dependencies: php5: Depends: libapache2-mod-php5 (>= 5.2.4-2ubuntu5.17) but it is not going to be installed or php5-cgi (>= 5.2.4-2ubuntu5.17) but it is not going to be installed E: Broken packages When I'm trying to install libapache2-mod-php5: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libapache2-mod-php5: Depends: php5-common (= 5.2.4-2ubuntu5.17) but 5.3.6-6~dotdeb.1 is to be installed E: Broken packages I don't know what 5.3.6-6~dotdeb.1 is and where is this package, because I've already removed dotdeb repository from APT sources :/ Tried to do apt-get update, apt-get upgrade, apt-get install php5 php5-common php5-cli with no success... Don't know what to try next :(

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  • Issues installing apache debian

    - by Belgin Fish
    I'm having issues installing apache2, and pretty much everything in general, I'm using debian. I run sudo apt-get install apache2 and then it returns root@debian:~# apt-get install apache2 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: apache2 : Depends: apache2-mpm-worker (= 2.2.16-6+squeeze7) but it is not going to be installed or apache2-mpm-prefork (= 2.2.16-6+squeeze7) but it is not going to be installed or apache2-mpm-event (= 2.2.16-6+squeeze7) but it is not going to be installed or apache2-mpm-itk (= 2.2.16-6+squeeze7) but it is not going to be installed Depends: apache2.2-common (= 2.2.16-6+squeeze7) but it is not going to be installed E: Broken packages Not really sure what's up :S Seems like it can't find any of the required packages for anything, Anyone know what I'm doing wrong?

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  • Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs'......... need help!!!

    - by vikramtheone
    Hi Guys, I have a Ubuntu 9.04 Linux running on Freescale's i.MX515(ARM Cortex based) board with me. There were about 250 updates pending and I did that today, well some of the updates failed because of the infamous errors: E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. E: Couldn't rebuild package cache E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. So, when I do the 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' I get new errors related to FIS partition: Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs' User postinst hook script [/usr/sbin/flash-kernel] exited with value 1 dpkg: error processing linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51 (--configure): subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-imx51: linux-image-imx51 depends on linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51; however: Package linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-imx51 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-imx51: linux-imx51 depends on linux-image-imx51 (= 2.6.28.18.23); however: Package linux-image-imx51 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-imx51 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-18-imx51 Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs' dpkg: subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Whats going wrong here, need help!!! I'm a newbie. Regards Vikram

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  • JBossMQ - Clustered Queues/NameNotFoundException: QueueConnectionFactory error

    - by mfarver
    I am trying to get an application working on a JBoss Cluster. It uses Queues internally, and the developer claims that it should work correctly in a clustered environment. I have jbossmq setup as a ha-singleton on the cluster. The application works correctly on whichever node currently is running the queue, but fails on the other nodes with a: "javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: QueueConnectionFactory not bound" error. I can look at JNDIview from the jmx-console and see that indeed the QueueConnectionFactory class only appears on the primary node in the Global context. Is there a way to see the Cluster's JNDI listing instead of each server? The steps I took from a default Jboss 4.2.3.GA installation were to use the "all" configuration. Then removed /server/all/deploy/hsqldb-ds.xml and /deploy-hasingleton/jms/hsqldb-jdbc2-service.xml, copying the example/jms/mysq-jdbc2-service.xml file into its place (editing that file to use DefaultDS instead of MySqlDS). Finally I created a mysql-ds.xml file in the deploy directory pointing "DefaultDS" at an empty database. I created a -services.xml file in the deploy directory with the queue definition. like the one below: <server> <mbean code="org.jboss.mq.server.jmx.Queue" name="jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=myfirstqueue"> <depends optional-attribute-name="DestinationManager"> jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager </depends> </mbean> </server> All of the other cluster features of working, the servers list each other in the view, and sessions are replicating back and forth. The JBoss documentation is somewhat light in this area, is there another setting I might have missed? Or is this likely to be a code issue (is there different code to do a JNDI lookup in a clusted environment?) Thanks

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  • Testing realistic loads for new versions of existing web app

    - by David Cournapeau
    Assuming I have a relatively complex web application, I am interested in testing performances of a new version using a traffic as realistic as possible. Traffic is relatively complex (session-based, lots of internal logic which depends on incoming requests). The webapp depends on many servers (databases, frontends, etc...). I can think of two basic directions: Recording every incoming request with its timestamp in production in a centralized manner and replaying it from N clients to reproduce a load as close as possible as the original. Issue: because we have many servers, getting the centralized log is not trivial. having a system duplicating requests to a staging area so that I could "plug" a dev version of my webapp to it at anytime without affecting the production. Issue: I have not found much information about it expect this, which suggests to me that may not be the best solution. OTOH, it is realistic by definition. What is the standard way of doing this kind of testing ? I did not find much information about load testing with complex, realistic traffic.

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  • Ubuntu upgrade process failed

    - by Spin0us
    I tried to dist-upgrade my ubuntu server on my percona cluster but it failed with this message The following packages have unmet dependencies: libmysqlclient18 : Depends: libmariadbclient18 (= 5.5.33a+maria-1~precise) but it is not installable And here is the package listing # dpkg --list | grep -E 'percona|mysql' ii libdbd-mysql-perl 4.020-1build2 Perl5 database interface to the MySQL database iU libmysqlclient18 5.5.33a+maria-1~precise Virtual package to satisfy external depends ii mariadb-common 5.5.33a+maria-1~precise MariaDB database common files (e.g. /etc/mysql/conf.d/mariadb.cnf) ii percona-xtrabackup 2.1.5-680-1.precise Open source backup tool for InnoDB and XtraDB ii percona-xtradb-cluster-client-5.5 5.5.31-23.7.5-438.precise Percona Server database client binaries ii percona-xtradb-cluster-common-5.5 5.5.33-23.7.6-496.precise Percona Server database common files (e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf) ii percona-xtradb-cluster-galera-2.x 157.precise Galera components of Percona XtraDB Cluster ii percona-xtradb-cluster-server-5.5 5.5.31-23.7.5-438.precise Percona Server database server binaries ii php5-mysql 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.8 MySQL module for php5 During the install of the server, mariadb and galera cluster have first been installed. Then removed to be replaced by percona XtraDBCluster. So i think this is the source of the problem. But how can i resolve this without reinstalling all ? UPDATE 1 # apt-cache policy libmariadbclient18 libmariadbclient18: Installed: (none) Candidate: (none) Version table: 5.5.32+maria-1~precise 0 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

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  • Package pinning in Debian lenny

    - by bronto
    I need your advice as I don't know if I hit a bug, or I am misunderstanding something. On a Debian Lenny, I am trying to prevent the installation of two particular packages, when they are requested as dependencies fromother packages. I am using the same syntax I successfully used in Squeeze, but with no success at all. On squeeze, the following works as expected: # cat /etc/apt/preferences.d/local-no-pike.pref Package: pike7.6-core Pin: version * Pin-Priority: -1000 If I try to install pike7.6, which depends on pike7.6-core, apt and aptitude refuse to do so. On Lenny, the only difference is that there is no support for "fragments" in /etc/apt/preferences.d, and all preferences must be in the /etc/apt/preferences file. But it's not working. E.g., if the file contains: Package: grub-common Pin: version * Pin-Priority: -1000 apt doesn't stop me from installing grub, which depends on grub-common. I used strace to see if the file is being read, and it is. I was suggested to use some Debug:: options, but they didn't help to pinpoint the problem either. I have google'd a lot with some combinations of "lenny" "prevent" "package" "installation" "pinning" and the like, but nothing nice came out. And of course I read man apt_preferences. What am I missing here?

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  • How can I use apt-get to resolve package dependencies when there are multiple versions in the repository?

    - by user1165144
    I've package a-package.deb which depends on b-package.deb in version 1.0. Everything works fine. But now a b-package in version 1.1 gets added to the repository. I'd suspect that apt-get installs the a-package and version 1.0 of the b-package. What really happens is, that a-package won't get installed: # apt-get install a-package Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: a-package : Depends: b-package (= 1.0) but 1.1 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. Is there a workaround to fix the behavior? Is there other software to use, that can handle the dependencies as defined?

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  • Debian apt dependency mismatch (libc6)

    - by Sean Gordon
    Earlier, I tried to install package via apt-get (cython), but it failed with the Errors were encountered while processing: message, and since then, apt is refusing to install anything. apt-get check output below: root@dix:~# apt-get check Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: libc6 : Depends: libc-bin (= 2.11.3-2) but 2.11.3-4 is installed libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.11.3-4) but 2.11.3-2 is installed libc6-i386 : Depends: libc6 (= 2.11.3-4) but 2.11.3-2 is installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f. Apt/aptitude don't seem to be able to fix this dependency issue, and I don't know what to do. Edit: Running apt-get -f install results in no change, and my sources are all squeeze. Running apt-get update then apt-get dist-upgrade show no change either. Edit 2: I went back to try this again in a new terminal and apt-get -f install gives this error: dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.11.3-4_amd64.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-installation script killed by signal (Aborted) configured to not write apport reports Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.11.3-4_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Edit 3: Using apt-get clean first, then the previous commands, results in the first error again. Using apt-get -f dist-upgrade gives the below. Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages will be upgraded: apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common at automake base-files bind9 bind9-doc bind9-host bind9utils debian-archive-keyring dnsutils dpkg-dev file host initscripts isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common krb5-multidev libapr1 libbind9-60 libc6 libdns69 libdpkg-perl libexpat1 libexpat1-dev libgc1c2 libgssapi-krb5-2 libgssrpc4 libisc62 libisccc60 libisccfg62 libk5crypto3 libkadm5clnt-mit7 libkadm5srv-mit7 libkdb5-4 libkrb5-3 libkrb5-dev libkrb5support0 liblwres60 libmagic1 libmysqlclient16 libnss3-1d libssl-dev libssl0.9.8 libtiff4 libtiff4-dev libtiffxx0c2 libxi6 libxml2 linux-libc-dev lwresd mysql-client-5.1 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server-core-5.1 openjdk-6-jre openjdk-6-jre-headless openjdk-6-jre-lib openssh-client openssh-server openssl procps python python-crypto python-minimal sudo sysv-rc sysvinit sysvinit-utils tzdata tzdata-java 75 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 5 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/79.9 MB of archives. After this operation, 1,411 kB of additional disk space will be used. (Reading database ... 52241 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace libc6 2.11.3-2 (using .../libc6_2.11.3-4_amd64.deb) ... *** stack smashing detected ***: /usr/bin/perl terminated ======= Backtrace: ========= /lib/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x37)[0x7fdaad9b9f87] /lib/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x0)[0x7fdaad9b9f50] /usr/lib/libperl.so.5.10(Perl_yylex+0x5896)[0x7fdaae343346] [0x8e83a0] ======= Memory map: ======== 00400000-00402000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 525338 /usr/bin/perl 00601000-00602000 rw-p 00001000 08:01 525338 /usr/bin/perl 00602000-0091f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap] 7fdaaca54000-7fdaaca6a000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393818 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fdaaca6a000-7fdaacc69000 ---p 00016000 08:01 393818 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fdaacc69000-7fdaacc6a000 rw-p 00015000 08:01 393818 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fdaacc6a000-7fdaacc6f000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 524949 /usr/lib/perl5/auto/Locale/gettext/gettext.so 7fdaacc6f000-7fdaace6e000 ---p 00005000 08:01 524949 /usr/lib/perl5/auto/Locale/gettext/gettext.so 7fdaace6e000-7fdaace6f000 rw-p 00004000 08:01 524949 /usr/lib/perl5/auto/Locale/gettext/gettext.so 7fdaace6f000-7fdaace79000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 532753 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/Encode/Encode.so 7fdaace79000-7fdaad078000 ---p 0000a000 08:01 532753 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/Encode/Encode.so 7fdaad078000-7fdaad079000 rw-p 00009000 08:01 532753 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/Encode/Encode.so 7fdaad079000-7fdaad07e000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 525444 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/IO/IO.so 7fdaad07e000-7fdaad27d000 ---p 00005000 08:01 525444 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/IO/IO.so 7fdaad27d000-7fdaad27e000 rw-p 00004000 08:01 525444 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/IO/IO.so 7fdaad27e000-7fdaad299000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 525450 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/POSIX/POSIX.so 7fdaad299000-7fdaad498000 ---p 0001b000 08:01 525450 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/POSIX/POSIX.so 7fdaad498000-7fdaad49b000 rw-p 0001a000 08:01 525450 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/POSIX/POSIX.so 7fdaad49b000-7fdaad49e000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 525436 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/Fcntl/Fcntl.so 7fdaad49e000-7fdaad69e000 ---p 00003000 08:01 525436 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/Fcntl/Fcntl.so 7fdaad69e000-7fdaad69f000 rw-p 00003000 08:01 525436 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/Fcntl/Fcntl.so 7fdaad69f000-7fdaad6a7000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393824 /lib/libcrypt-2.11.3.so 7fdaad6a7000-7fdaad8a6000 ---p 00008000 08:01 393824 /lib/libcrypt-2.11.3.so 7fdaad8a6000-7fdaad8a7000 r--p 00007000 08:01 393824 /lib/libcrypt-2.11.3.so 7fdaad8a7000-7fdaad8a8000 rw-p 00008000 08:01 393824 /lib/libcrypt-2.11.3.so 7fdaad8a8000-7fdaad8d6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fdaad8d6000-7fdaada2f000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393822 /lib/libc-2.11.3.so 7fdaada2f000-7fdaadc2e000 ---p 00159000 08:01 393822 /lib/libc-2.11.3.so 7fdaadc2e000-7fdaadc32000 r--p 00158000 08:01 393822 /lib/libc-2.11.3.so 7fdaadc32000-7fdaadc33000 rw-p 0015c000 08:01 393822 /lib/libc-2.11.3.so 7fdaadc33000-7fdaadc38000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fdaadc38000-7fdaadc4f000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393248 /lib/libpthread-2.11.3.so 7fdaadc4f000-7fdaade4e000 ---p 00017000 08:01 393248 /lib/libpthread-2.11.3.so 7fdaade4e000-7fdaade4f000 r--p 00016000 08:01 393248 /lib/libpthread-2.11.3.so 7fdaade4f000-7fdaade50000 rw-p 00017000 08:01 393248 /lib/libpthread-2.11.3.so 7fdaade50000-7fdaade54000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fdaade54000-7fdaaded4000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393826 /lib/libm-2.11.3.so 7fdaaded4000-7fdaae0d4000 ---p 00080000 08:01 393826 /lib/libm-2.11.3.so 7fdaae0d4000-7fdaae0d5000 r--p 00080000 08:01 393826 /lib/libm-2.11.3.so 7fdaae0d5000-7fdaae0d6000 rw-p 00081000 08:01 393826 /lib/libm-2.11.3.so 7fdaae0d6000-7fdaae0d8000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393825 /lib/libdl-2.11.3.so 7fdaae0d8000-7fdaae2d8000 ---p 00002000 08:01 393825 /lib/libdl-2.11.3.so 7fdaae2d8000-7fdaae2d9000 r--p 00002000 08:01 393825 /lib/libdl-2.11.3.so 7fdaae2d9000-7fdaae2da000 rw-p 00003000 08:01 393825 /lib/libdl-2.11.3.so 7fdaae2da000-7fdaae43f000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 525387 /usr/lib/libperl.so.5.10.1 7fdaae43f000-7fdaae63e000 ---p 00165000 08:01 525387 /usr/lib/libperl.so.5.10.1 7fdaae63e000-7fdaae647000 rw-p 00164000 08:01 525387 /usr/lib/libperl.so.5.10.1 7fdaae647000-7fdaae665000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393819 /lib/ld-2.11.3.so 7fdaae854000-7fdaae859000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fdaae862000-7fdaae864000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fdaae864000-7fdaae865000 r--p 0001d000 08:01 393819 /lib/ld-2.11.3.so 7fdaae865000-7fdaae866000 rw-p 0001e000 08:01 393819 /lib/ld-2.11.3.so 7fdaae866000-7fdaae867000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fff9616d000-7fff9618e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack] 7fff961ff000-7fff96200000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso] ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall] dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.11.3-4_amd64.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-installation script killed by signal (Aborted) Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.11.3-4_amd64.deb

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  • Problem upgrading kernel on debian 3.1

    - by exhuma
    Hi, I have a quite old box in a remote server farm. So I have no direct access. Only remote SSH (and via SSH to a serial console). I haven't updated this box in ages. Now, whenever I want to install a new package, a dependency to glibc appears. Unfortunately, the install of glibc depends on a 2.6 kernel and I am running a venerable 2.4 kernel (one more reason to upgrade). The problem is, that the install of a new kernel has an indirect (over locales) dependency to glibc. So, to install glibc, I need a new kernel. For a new kernel, I need to upgrade glibc. Essentially I am blocked. What's the best way to proceed considering I have no "hardware" access? Here's a quick transcript of the upgrade process: [green:~]% sudo aptitude install linux-image-686 Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done The following packages are unused and will be REMOVED: gcc-4.3-base The following NEW packages will be automatically installed: dash libc6-i686 libparse-recdescent-perl linux-image-2.6-686 linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 module-init-tools yaird The following packages have been kept back: adduser apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-common apt apt-utils aptitude autoconf autotools-dev awstats base-files base-passwd [...snip...] util-linux vacation vim vim-common wamerican wbritish wget whiptail whois wwwconfig-common zlib1g The following NEW packages will be installed: dash libc6-i686 libparse-recdescent-perl linux-image-2.6-686 linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 linux-image-686 module-init-tools yaird The following packages will be upgraded: hotplug libc6 2 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 1 to remove and 277 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/22.7MB of archives. After unpacking 52.1MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Writing extended state information... Done Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... 34065 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace libc6 2.3.6.ds1-13 (using .../libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb) ... Checking for services that may need to be restarted... Checking init scripts... WARNING: init script for postgresql not found. [ --- libc6 config screen appears here --- ] WARNING: POSIX threads library NPTL requires kernel version 2.6.8 or later. If you use a kernel 2.4, please upgrade it before installing glibc. The installation of a 2.6 kernel _could_ ask you to install a new libc first, this is NOT a bug, and should *NOT* be reported. In that case, please add etch sources to your /etc/apt/sources.list and run: apt-get install -t etch linux-image-2.6 Then reboot into this new kernel, and proceed with your upgrade dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb (--unpack): subprocess pre-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Ack! Something bad happened while installing packages. Trying to recover: dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of locales: locales depends on glibc-2.7-1; however: Package glibc-2.7-1 is not installed. dpkg: error processing locales (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: locales Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done Now, if I follow the instrunctions as promted I get the following. Note that I am using aptitude instead of apt-get to benefit from the better dependency tracking. I did try with apt-get first. But that let me to the same problem. [green:~]% sudo aptitude install -t etch linux-image-2.6.26-2-686 Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. E: Unable to correct dependencies, some packages cannot be installed E: Unable to resolve some dependencies! Some packages had unmet dependencies. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-image-2.6.26-2-686: Depends: initramfs-tools (>= 0.55) but it is not installable or yaird (>= 0.0.13) but it is not installable or linux-initramfs-tool which is a virtual package. Any ideas?

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  • Why unhandled exceptions are useful

    - by Simon Cooper
    It’s the bane of most programmers’ lives – an unhandled exception causes your application or webapp to crash, an ugly dialog gets displayed to the user, and they come complaining to you. Then, somehow, you need to figure out what went wrong. Hopefully, you’ve got a log file, or some other way of reporting unhandled exceptions (obligatory employer plug: SmartAssembly reports an application’s unhandled exceptions straight to you, along with the entire state of the stack and variables at that point). If not, you have to try and replicate it yourself, or do some psychic debugging to try and figure out what’s wrong. However, it’s good that the program crashed. Or, more precisely, it is correct behaviour. An unhandled exception in your application means that, somewhere in your code, there is an assumption that you made that is actually invalid. Coding assumptions Let me explain a bit more. Every method, every line of code you write, depends on implicit assumptions that you have made. Take this following simple method, that copies a collection to an array and includes an item if it isn’t in the collection already, using a supplied IEqualityComparer: public static T[] ToArrayWithItem( ICollection<T> coll, T obj, IEqualityComparer<T> comparer) { // check if the object is in collection already // using the supplied comparer foreach (var item in coll) { if (comparer.Equals(item, obj)) { // it's in the collection already // simply copy the collection to an array // and return it T[] array = new T[coll.Count]; coll.CopyTo(array, 0); return array; } } // not in the collection // copy coll to an array, and add obj to it // then return it T[] array = new T[coll.Count+1]; coll.CopyTo(array, 0); array[array.Length-1] = obj; return array; } What’s all the assumptions made by this fairly simple bit of code? coll is never null comparer is never null coll.CopyTo(array, 0) will copy all the items in the collection into the array, in the order defined for the collection, starting at the first item in the array. The enumerator for coll returns all the items in the collection, in the order defined for the collection comparer.Equals returns true if the items are equal (for whatever definition of ‘equal’ the comparer uses), false otherwise comparer.Equals, coll.CopyTo, and the coll enumerator will never throw an exception or hang for any possible input and any possible values of T coll will have less than 4 billion items in it (this is a built-in limit of the CLR) array won’t be more than 2GB, both on 32 and 64-bit systems, for any possible values of T (again, a limit of the CLR) There are no threads that will modify coll while this method is running and, more esoterically: The C# compiler will compile this code to IL according to the C# specification The CLR and JIT compiler will produce machine code to execute the IL on the user’s computer The computer will execute the machine code correctly That’s a lot of assumptions. Now, it could be that all these assumptions are valid for the situations this method is called. But if this does crash out with an exception, or crash later on, then that shows one of the assumptions has been invalidated somehow. An unhandled exception shows that your code is running in a situation which you did not anticipate, and there is something about how your code runs that you do not understand. Debugging the problem is the process of learning more about the new situation and how your code interacts with it. When you understand the problem, the solution is (usually) obvious. The solution may be a one-line fix, the rewrite of a method or class, or a large-scale refactoring of the codebase, but whatever it is, the fix for the crash will incorporate the new information you’ve gained about your own code, along with the modified assumptions. When code is running with an assumption or invariant it depended on broken, then the result is ‘undefined behaviour’. Anything can happen, up to and including formatting the entire disk or making the user’s computer sentient and start doing a good impression of Skynet. You might think that those can’t happen, but at Halting problem levels of generality, as soon as an assumption the code depended on is broken, the program can do anything. That is why it’s important to fail-fast and stop the program as soon as an invariant is broken, to minimise the damage that is done. What does this mean in practice? To start with, document and check your assumptions. As with most things, there is a level of judgement required. How you check and document your assumptions depends on how the code is used (that’s some more assumptions you’ve made), how likely it is a method will be passed invalid arguments or called in an invalid state, how likely it is the assumptions will be broken, how expensive it is to check the assumptions, and how bad things are likely to get if the assumptions are broken. Now, some assumptions you can assume unless proven otherwise. You can safely assume the C# compiler, CLR, and computer all run the method correctly, unless you have evidence of a compiler, CLR or processor bug. You can also assume that interface implementations work the way you expect them to; implementing an interface is more than simply declaring methods with certain signatures in your type. The behaviour of those methods, and how they work, is part of the interface contract as well. For example, for members of a public API, it is very important to document your assumptions and check your state before running the bulk of the method, throwing ArgumentException, ArgumentNullException, InvalidOperationException, or another exception type as appropriate if the input or state is wrong. For internal and private methods, it is less important. If a private method expects collection items in a certain order, then you don’t necessarily need to explicitly check it in code, but you can add comments or documentation specifying what state you expect the collection to be in at a certain point. That way, anyone debugging your code can immediately see what’s wrong if this does ever become an issue. You can also use DEBUG preprocessor blocks and Debug.Assert to document and check your assumptions without incurring a performance hit in release builds. On my coding soapbox… A few pet peeves of mine around assumptions. Firstly, catch-all try blocks: try { ... } catch { } A catch-all hides exceptions generated by broken assumptions, and lets the program carry on in an unknown state. Later, an exception is likely to be generated due to further broken assumptions due to the unknown state, causing difficulties when debugging as the catch-all has hidden the original problem. It’s much better to let the program crash straight away, so you know where the problem is. You should only use a catch-all if you are sure that any exception generated in the try block is safe to ignore. That’s a pretty big ask! Secondly, using as when you should be casting. Doing this: (obj as IFoo).Method(); or this: IFoo foo = obj as IFoo; ... foo.Method(); when you should be doing this: ((IFoo)obj).Method(); or this: IFoo foo = (IFoo)obj; ... foo.Method(); There’s an assumption here that obj will always implement IFoo. If it doesn’t, then by using as instead of a cast you’ve turned an obvious InvalidCastException at the point of the cast that will probably tell you what type obj actually is, into a non-obvious NullReferenceException at some later point that gives you no information at all. If you believe obj is always an IFoo, then say so in code! Let it fail-fast if not, then it’s far easier to figure out what’s wrong. Thirdly, document your assumptions. If an algorithm depends on a non-trivial relationship between several objects or variables, then say so. A single-line comment will do. Don’t leave it up to whoever’s debugging your code after you to figure it out. Conclusion It’s better to crash out and fail-fast when an assumption is broken. If it doesn’t, then there’s likely to be further crashes along the way that hide the original problem. Or, even worse, your program will be running in an undefined state, where anything can happen. Unhandled exceptions aren’t good per-se, but they give you some very useful information about your code that you didn’t know before. And that can only be a good thing.

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  • Passing a list of files to javac

    - by Robert Menteer
    How can I get the javac task to use an existing fileset? In my build.xml I have created several filesets to be used in multiple places throughout build file. Here is how they have been defined: <fileset dir = "${src}" id = "java.source.all"> <include name = "**/*.java" /> </fileset> <fileset dir = "${src}" id = "java.source.examples"> <include name = "**/Examples/**/*.java" /> </fileset> <fileset dir = "${src}" id = "java.source.tests"> <include name = "**/Tests/*.java" /> </fileset> <fileset dir = "${src}" id = "java.source.project"> <include name = "**/*.java" /> <exclude name = "**/Examples/**/*.java" /> <exclude name = "**/Tests/**/*.java" /> </fileset> I have also used macrodef to compile the java files so the javac task does not need to be repeated multiple times. The macro looks like this: <macrodef name="compile"> <attribute name="sourceref"/> <sequential> <javac srcdir = "${src}" destdir = "${build}" classpathref = "classpath" includeantruntime = "no" debug = "${debug}"> <filelist dir="." files="@{sourceref}" /> <-- email is about this </javac> </sequential> What I'm trying to do is compile only the classes that are needed for specific targets not all the targets in the source tree. And do so without having to specify the files every time. Here are how the targets are defined: <target name = "compile-examples" depends = "init"> <compile sourceref = "${toString:java.source.examples}" /> </target> <target name = "compile-project" depends = "init"> <compile sourceref = "${toString:java.source.project}" /> </target> <target name = "compile-tests" depends = "init"> <compile sourceref = "${toString:java.source.tests}" /> </target> As you can see each target specifies the java files to be compiled as a simi-colon separated list of absolute file names. The only problem with this is that javac does not support filelist. It also does not support fileset, path or pathset. I've tried using but it treats the list as a single file name. Another thing I tried is sending the reference directly (not using toString) and using but include does not have a ref attribute. SO THE QUESTION IS: How do you get the javac task to use a reference to a fileset that was defined in another part of the build file? I'm not interested in solutions that cause me to have multiple javac tasks. Completely re-writting the macro is acceptable. Changes to the targets are also acceptable provided redundant code between targets is kept to a minimum. p.s. Another problem is that fileset wants a comma separated list. I've only done a brief search for a way to convert semi-colons to commas and haven't found a way to do that. p.p.s. Sorry for the yelling but some people are too quick to post responses that don't address the subject.

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  • Required Skill Sets Of A Software Architect

    The question has been asked as to what is the required skill sets of a software architect. The answer to this is that it truly depends. When I state that it depend, it depends on the organization, industry, and skill sets available on the open market and internally within a company. With open ended skill sets even Napoleon Dynamite could be an architect. Napoleon Dynamite’s Skills Pedro: Have you asked anybody yet? Napoleon Dynamite: No, but who would? I don't even have any good skills. Pedro: What do you mean? Napoleon Dynamite: You know, like nunchuck skills, bow hunting skills, computer hacking skills... Girls only want boyfriends who have great skills. Pedro: Aren't you pretty good at drawing, like animals and warriors and stuff? This example might be a little off base but it does illustrate a point. What are the real required skills of a software architect? In my opinion, an architect needs to demonstrate the knowledge of the following three main skill set categories so that they are successful. General Skill Sets of an Architect Basic Engineering Skills Organizational  Skills Interpersonal Skills Basic Engineering Skills are a very large part of what a software architect deal with on a daily bases when designing or updating systems. Think about it, how good would a lead mechanic be if they did not know how to fix or repair cars? They would not be, and that is my point that architects need to have at least some basic skills regarding engineering. The skills listed below are generic in nature because they change from job to job, so in this discussion I am trying to focus more on generalities so that anyone can apply this information to their individual situation. Common Basic Engineering Skills Data Modeling Code Creation Configuration Testing Deployment/Publishing System and Environment Knowledge Organizational Skills If an Architect works for or with an origination then they will need strong organization skills to survive. An architect is no use to a project if the project is missed managed. Additionally, budgets and timelines can really affect a company and their products when established deadlines are repeated not meet. By not meeting these timelines a company is forced to cancel the project and waste all the money and time spent or spend more money until it is completed, if it is ever completed. Common Organizational Skills Project Management Estimation (Cost and Time) Creation and Maintenance of Accepted Standards Interpersonal Skills For me personally Interpersonal skill ranks above the other types of skill sets because an architect can quickly pick up the other two skill sets by communicating with other team/project members so that they are quickly up to speed on a project. Additionally, in order for an architect to manage a project or even derive rough estimates they will more than likely have to consult with others actually working on the code (Programmers/Software Engineers) to get there estimates since they will be the ones actually working on the changes to be implemented. Common Interpersonal Skills Good Communicator Focus on projects success over personal Honors roles within a team Reference: Taylor, R. N., Medvidovic, N., & Dashofy, E. M. (2009). Software architecture: Foundations, theory, and practice Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons

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  • Unit Testing DateTime – The Crazy Way

    - by João Angelo
    We all know that the process of unit testing code that depends on DateTime, particularly the current time provided through the static properties (Now, UtcNow and Today), it’s a PITA. If you go ask how to unit test DateTime.Now on stackoverflow I’ll bet that you’ll get two kind of answers: Encapsulate the current time in your own interface and use a standard mocking framework; Pull out the big guns like Typemock Isolator, JustMock or Microsoft Moles/Fakes and mock the static property directly. Now each alternative has is pros and cons and I would have to say that I glean more to the second approach because the first adds a layer of abstraction just for the sake of testability. However, the second approach depends on commercial tools that not every shop wants to buy or in the not so friendly Microsoft Moles. (Sidenote: Moles is now named Fakes and it will ship with VS 2012) This tends to leave people without an acceptable and simple solution so after reading another of these types of questions in SO I came up with yet another alternative, one based on the first alternative that I presented here but tries really hard to not get in your way with yet another layer of abstraction. So, without further dues, I present you, the Tardis. The Tardis is single section of conditionally compiled code that overrides the meaning of the DateTime expression inside a single class. You still get the normal coding experience of using DateTime all over the place, but in a DEBUG compilation your tests will be able to mock every static method or property of the DateTime class. An example follows, while the full Tardis code can be downloaded from GitHub: using System; using NSubstitute; using NUnit.Framework; using Tardis; public class Example { public Example() : this(string.Empty) { } public Example(string title) { #if DEBUG this.DateTime = DateTimeProvider.Default; this.Initialize(title); } internal IDateTimeProvider DateTime { get; set; } internal Example(string title, IDateTimeProvider provider) { this.DateTime = provider; #endif this.Initialize(title); } private void Initialize(string title) { this.Title = title; this.CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow; } private string title; public string Title { get { return this.title; } set { this.title = value; this.UpdatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow; } } public DateTime CreatedAt { get; private set; } public DateTime UpdatedAt { get; private set; } } public class TExample { public void T001() { // Arrange var tardis = Substitute.For<IDateTimeProvider>(); tardis.UtcNow.Returns(new DateTime(2000, 1, 1, 6, 6, 6)); // Act var sut = new Example("Title", tardis); // Assert Assert.That(sut.CreatedAt, Is.EqualTo(tardis.UtcNow)); } public void T002() { // Arrange var tardis = Substitute.For<IDateTimeProvider>(); var sut = new Example("Title", tardis); tardis.UtcNow.Returns(new DateTime(2000, 1, 1, 6, 6, 6)); // Act sut.Title = "Updated"; // Assert Assert.That(sut.UpdatedAt, Is.EqualTo(tardis.UtcNow)); } } This approach is also suitable for other similar classes with commonly used static methods or properties like the ConfigurationManager class.

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  • Twice as long and half as long

    - by PointsToShare
    We are in a project and we hit some snags. What’s a snag? An activity that takes longer than expected. Actually it takes longer than the time assigned to it by an over pressed PM who accepts an impossible time table and tries his best to make it possible, but I digress (again!).  So we have snags and we also have the opposite. Let’s call these “cinches”. The question is: how does a combination of snags and cinches affect the project timeline? Well, there is no simple answer. It depends on the projects dependencies as we see in the PERT chart. If all the snags are in the critical path and all the cinches are elsewhere then the cinches don’t help at all. In fact any snag in the critical path will delay the project.  Conversely, a cinch in the critical path will expedite it. A snag outside the critical path might be serious enough to even change the critical path. Thus without the PERT chart, we cannot really tell. Still there is a principle involved – Time and speed are non-linear! Twice as long adds a full unit, half as long only takes ½ unit away. Let’s just investigate a simple project. It consists of two activities – S and C - each estimated to take a week. Alas, S is a snag and really needs twice the time allotted and – a sigh of relief – C is a cinch and will take half the time allotted, so everything is Hun-key-dory, or is it?  Even here the PERT chart is important. We have 2 cases: 1: S depends on C (or vice versa) as in when the two activities are assigned to one employee. Here the estimated time was 1 + 1 and the actual time was 2 + ½ and we are ½ week late or 25% late. 2: S and C are done in parallel. Here the estimated time was 1, but the actual time is 2 – we are a whole week or 100% late. Let’s change the equation a little. S need 1.5 and C needs .5 so in case 1, we have the loss fully compensated by the gain, but in case 2 we are still behind. There are cases where this really makes no difference. This is when the critical path is not affected and we have enough slack in the other paths to counteract the difference between its snags and cinches – Let’s call this difference DSC. So if the slack is greater than DSC the project will not suffer. Conclusion: There is no general rule about snags and cinches. We need to examine each case within its project, still as we saw in the 4 examples above; the snag is generally more powerful than the cinch. Long live Murphy! That’s All Folks

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  • Planning development when academic research is involved

    - by Another Anonymous User
    Dear fellow programmers, how do you do "software planning" when academic research is involved? And, on a side note, how do you convince your boss that writing software is not like building a house and it's more like writing a novel? The gory details are below. I am in charge of a small dev team working in a research lab. We started developing a software with the purpose of going public one day (i.e. sell and make money off that). Such software depends on, amongst other things, at least two independent research lines: that is, there are at least two Ph.D. candidates that will, hopefully, one day come out with a working implementation of what we need. The main software depends also on other, more concrete resources that we as developers can take care of: graphics rendering, soft bodies deformation, etc. My boss asked me to write the specifications, requirements AND a bloody GANTT chart of the entire project. Faced with the fact that I don't have a clue about the research part, and that such research is fundamental for the software, he said "make assumptions." For the clarity of the argument, he is a professor whose Ph.D. students should come up with the research we need. And he comes from a strictly engineering background: plan everything first, write down specifications and only then write down code that "it's the last part". What I am doing now: I broke down the product in features; each 'feature' is, de facto, a separate product; Each feature is built on top of the previous one; Once a feature (A) has a working prototype the team can start working on the next feature (B), while QA for is being done for A (if money allows, more people can be brought in, etc.); Features that depend on research will come last: by then, hopefully, the research part will be completed (when is still a big question) ; Also, I set the team to use SCRUM for the development of 'version 1.0', due in a few months. This deadline could be set based on reasonable assumptions: we listed all required features, we counted our availability, and we gave a reasonable estimate. So my questions, again, are: How do I make my boss happy while at the same time get something out the door? How do I write specifications for something we -the developers- have no clue whether it's possible to do or not? (We still haven't decided which libraries to use for some tasks; we'll do so when we'll need to) How do I get the requirements for that, given that there are yet no clients nor investors, just lots of interests and promises? How do I get peace in the world? I am sure at least one of my questions will be answered :) ps: I am writing this anonymously since a potential investor might backfire if this is discovered. Hope you'll understand. However I must say I do not like this mentality of 'hiding the truth': this program will likely benefit many, and not being able to talk openly about this (with my name and my reputation attached) feels like censorship. But alas, I care more about your suggestions now.

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  • Upgrade issues due to broken "dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic" error

    - by tsukune1791
    okay, I've recently upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04 and I've been having some issues. I don't know if its a bug or not, but I thought I would submit it here. Okay here's a little background; I ran the distro update from the update manager and got a couple errors that I didn't catch. the computer restarted, and when I logged the Launcher and my top bar of the Ubuntu desktop didn't load. While it was trying to load a couple error messages came up, I think they were called "apport", saying they couldn't send the bug information for some reason. I believe it said somethings wrong with my internet connection, but nothing's wrong with it. Anyway I tried running some things in terminal, namely sudo apt-get -f install sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get dist-upgrade and keep getting the following errors; dustin@marceau-laptop:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade [sudo] password for dustin: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 4 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Setting up initramfs-tools (0.99ubuntu13) ... update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic (3.2.0-24.37) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-runlilo 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic Fatal: No images have been defined. run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-runlilo exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.24.26); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic Fatal: No images have been defined. run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//runlilo exited with return code 1 dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic linux-image-generic linux-generic initramfs-tools localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/locale: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/man: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/gnome/help: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/omf: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/doc/kde/HTML: 0 KiB Total disk space freed by localepurge: 0 KiB E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) And my Ubuntu desktop is still not working. I can log into Gnome and Ubuntu 2D but the Launcher, I think it's call, doesn't load. Can someone help me fix these error, or point me in the right direction to get them fixed? It is much appriciated.

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  • Virtualized data centre&ndash;Part three: Architecture

    - by marc dekeyser
    Having the basics (like discussed in the previous articles) is all good and well, but how do we get started on this?! It can be quite daunting after all!   From my own point of view I can absolutely confirm your worries and concerns, but also tell you that it is not as hard as it seems! Deciding on what kind of motherboard to buy, processor and how much memory is an activity you will spend quite some time doing research on. And that is not even mentioning storage! All in all it comes down to setting you expectations and your budget. Probably adjusting your expectations according to your budget :). Processors As a rule of thumb you want VT-D (virtualization) technology built in to the processor allowing you to have 64 bit machines running on your host. Memory The more the better! If you are building a home lab don’t bother with ECC unless you are going to run machines that absolutely should be on all the time and your comfort depends on it! Motherboard Depends on what you are going to do with storage: If you are going the NAS way then the number of SATA port/RAID capabilities do not really matter. If you decide to have a single server with lots of dedicated storage it obviously matters how much SATA ports you will have, alternatively you could use a RAID controller (but these set you back a pretty penny if you want one. DELL 6i’s are usually available for a good bargain if you can find one!). Easiest is to get one with a built-in graphics card (on-board) as you are just adding more heat, power usage and possible points of failure. Networking Just like your choice of motherboard the networking side tends to depend on how you want to go. A single virtualization  host with local storage can usually get away with having a single network card, a cluster or server which uses iSCSI storage tends to have more than one teamed up :). Storage The dreaded beast from the dark! The horror which lives in the forest! The most difficult decision you are going to make in the building of your lab. Why you might ask? Simple my friend, having the right choice of storage can make or break your virtualization solution. The performance of you storage choice will have an important impact on the responsiveness of your virtual machines and the deployment of new machines. It also makes a run with your budget! If you decide to go the NAS route you will be dropping a lot more money than if you would be having just a bunch of disks sitting in a server and manually distributing the virtual machines over the disks. Platform I’m a Microsoftee so Hyper-V is a dead giveaway for me. If you are interested in using VMware I won’t stop you but the rest of my posts will be oriented on Server 2012 Hyper-V (aka 3.0)! What did I use? Before someone asks me this in the comments I’ll give you a quick run down of what I am using. - Intel 2.4 quad core processors (i something something) - 24 GB DDR3 Memory - Single disk in each server (might look at this as I move the servers to 2012) - Synology DS1812+ NAS - 3 network interfaces where possible - HP1800 procurve managed switch I decided to spring for the NAS as I will also be using it for backups and media storage (which is working out quite nicely with my Xbox 360 I must say). At the time of building my 2 boxes (over a year and a half ago) these set me back about 900 euros each so I can image you can build the same or better for a lower price. Next article will be diagramming what I want to achieve and starting a build on the Hyper V 3.0 cluster!

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  • Caching factory design

    - by max
    I have a factory class XFactory that creates objects of class X. Instances of X are very large, so the main purpose of the factory is to cache them, as transparently to the client code as possible. Objects of class X are immutable, so the following code seems reasonable: # module xfactory.py import x class XFactory: _registry = {} def get_x(self, arg1, arg2, use_cache = True): if use_cache: hash_id = hash((arg1, arg2)) if hash_id in _registry: return _registry[hash_id] obj = x.X(arg1, arg2) _registry[hash_id] = obj return obj # module x.py class X: # ... Is it a good pattern? (I know it's not the actual Factory Pattern.) Is there anything I should change? Now, I find that sometimes I want to cache X objects to disk. I'll use pickle for that purpose, and store as values in the _registry the filenames of the pickled objects instead of references to the objects. Of course, _registry itself would have to be stored persistently (perhaps in a pickle file of its own, in a text file, in a database, or simply by giving pickle files the filenames that contain hash_id). Except now the validity of the cached object depends not only on the parameters passed to get_x(), but also on the version of the code that created these objects. Strictly speaking, even a memory-cached object could become invalid if someone modifies x.py or any of its dependencies, and reloads it while the program is running. So far I ignored this danger since it seems unlikely for my application. But I certainly cannot ignore it when my objects are cached to persistent storage. What can I do? I suppose I could make the hash_id more robust by calculating hash of a tuple that contains arguments arg1 and arg2, as well as the filename and last modified date for x.py and every module and data file that it (recursively) depends on. To help delete cache files that won't ever be useful again, I'd add to the _registry the unhashed representation of the modified dates for each record. But even this solution isn't 100% safe since theoretically someone might load a module dynamically, and I wouldn't know about it from statically analyzing the source code. If I go all out and assume every file in the project is a dependency, the mechanism will still break if some module grabs data from an external website, etc.). In addition, the frequency of changes in x.py and its dependencies is quite high, leading to heavy cache invalidation. Thus, I figured I might as well give up some safety, and only invalidate the cache only when there is an obvious mismatch. This means that class X would have a class-level cache validation identifier that should be changed whenever the developer believes a change happened that should invalidate the cache. (With multiple developers, a separate invalidation identifier is required for each.) This identifier is hashed along with arg1 and arg2 and becomes part of the hash keys stored in _registry. Since developers may forget to update the validation identifier or not realize that they invalidated existing cache, it would seem better to add another validation mechanism: class X can have a method that returns all the known "traits" of X. For instance, if X is a table, I might add the names of all the columns. The hash calculation will include the traits as well. I can write this code, but I am afraid that I'm missing something important; and I'm also wondering if perhaps there's a framework or package that can do all of this stuff already. Ideally, I'd like to combine in-memory and disk-based caching.

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  • Is there a way to install i386 packages w/ it's i386 dependencies?

    - by foh1981
    I'm using Ubuntu 11.10 64-bit and I wish to install the CAD application DraftSight, which as of now only come in a 32-bit .deb file. I have installed this with some success before, but since 11.10 supports multiarch I would like to install the i386 versions of DraftSights dependencies. Ubuntu Software Center cannot handle the file, nor gdebi-gtk ('wrong architecture'). I can use dpkg with --force-architecture but there's A LOT of dependencies which I need to manually install afterward. Is there a way to automatically install these? Or semi-automatically with a script of some sort? (I'm thinking something along the lines of extracting the dependencies and adding :i386 and then feed that to apt-get or something...) Below is the output of dpkg-deb --info of the package in question. Package: dassault-systemes-draftsight Version: 2011.7.1198 Section: applications Priority: extra Architecture: i386 Pre-Depends: libexpat1 (>=2.0.1-4), libglib2.0-0 (>=2.22.3-0), libpcre3 (>=7.8-3), libselinux1 (>=2.0.85-2), zlib1g (>=1:1.2.3.3.dfsg-13), libc6 (>=2.10.1-0), libx11-6 (>=2:1.2.2-1), libxau6 (>=1:1.0.4-2), libxcomposite1 (>=1:0.4.0-4), libxcursor1 (>=1:1.1.9-1build1), libxdamage1 (>=1:1.1.1-4), libxdmcp6 (>=1:1.0.2-3), libxext6 (>=2:1.0.99.1-0), libxfixes3 (>=1:4.0.3-2build1), libxi6 (>=2:1.2.1-2), libxinerama1 (>=2:1.0.3-2), libxrandr2 (>=2:1.3.0-2), libxrender1 (>=1:0.9.4-2), libatk1.0-0 (>=1.28.0-0), libcairo2 (>=1.8.8-2), libdirectfb-extra (>=1.2.7-2), libfontconfig1 (>=2.6.0-1), libfreetype6 (>=2.3.9-5), libgtk2.0-0 (>=2.18.3-1), libpango1.0-0 (>=1.26.0-1), libpixman-1-0 (>=0.14.0-1), libpng12-0 (>=1.2.37-1), libxcb-render-util0 (>=0.3.6-1), libxcb-render0 (>=1.4-1), libxcb1 (>=1.4-1), debconf (>= 1.1) | debconf-2.0 Depends: libcomerr2 (>=1.41.9-1), libdbus-1-3 (>=1.2.16-0), libexpat1 (>=2.0.1-4), libgcc1 (>=1:4.4.1-4), libgcrypt11 (>=1.4.4-2), libglib2.0-0 (>=2.22.3-0), libgpg-error0 (>=1.6-1), libkeyutils1 (>=1.2-10), libpcre3 (>=7.8-3), libuuid1 (>=2.16-1), zlib1g (>=1:1.2.3.3.dfsg-13), libc6 (>=2.10.1-0), libgl1-mesa-glx (>=7.6.0-1), libglu1-mesa (>=7.6.0-1), libice6 (>=2:1.0.5-1), libsm6 (>=2:1.1.0-2), libx11-6 (>=2:1.2.2-1), libxau6 (>=1:1.0.4-2), libxdamage1 (>=1:1.1.1-4), libxdmcp6 (>=1:1.0.2-3), libxext6 (>=2:1.0.99.1-0), libxfixes3 (>=1:4.0.3-2build1), libxrender1 (>=1:0.9.4-2), libxt6 (>=1:1.0.5-3), libxxf86vm1 (>=1:1.0.2-1), libaudio2 (>=1.9.2-1), libavahi-client3 (>=0.6.25-1), libavahi-common3 (>=0.6.25-1), libcups2 (>=1.4.1-5), libdrm2 (>=2.4.14-1), libfontconfig1 (>=2.6.0-1), libgnutls26 (>=2.8.3-2), libgssapi-krb5-2 (>=1.7dfsg~beta3-1), libk5crypto3 (>=1.7dfsg~beta3-1), libkrb5-3 (>=1.7dfsg~beta3-1), libkrb5support0 (>=1.7dfsg~beta3-1), libstdc++6 (>=4.4.1-4), libtasn1-3 (>=2.2-1), libxcb1 (>=1.4-1), sendmail Installed-Size: 284948 Maintainer: Dassault Systemes <[email protected]> Homepage: www.3ds.com Description: With DraftSight, you can easily create professional CAD drawings. Supported file formats are DWT, DXF and DWG.

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