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  • problem with piping in my own implementation of shell

    - by codemax
    Hey guys, i am implementing my own shell. I want to involve piping. i searched here and i got a code. But it is not working.Can any one help me? this is my code #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; char temp1[81][81],temp2[81][81] ,*cmdptr1[40], *cmdptr2[40]; void process(char**,int); int arg_count, count; int arg_cnt[2]; int pip,tok; char input[81]; int fds[2]; void process( char* cmd[])//, int arg_count ) { pid_t pid; pid = fork(); //char path[81]; //getcwd(path,81); //strcat(path,"/"); //strcat(path,cmd[0]); if(pid < 0) { cout << "Fork Failed" << endl; exit(-1); } else if( pid == 0 ) { execvp( cmd[0] , cmd ); } else { wait(NULL); } } void pipe(char **cmd1, char**cmd2) { cout<<endl<<endl<<"in pipe"<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[0] ; i++) { cout<<cmdptr1[i]<<" "; } cout<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[1] ; i++) { cout<<cmdptr2[i]<<" "; } pipe(fds); if (fork() == 0 ) { dup2(fds[1], 1); close(fds[0]); close(fds[1]); process(cmd1); } if (fork() == 0) { dup2(fds[0], 0); close(fds[0]); close(fds[1]); process(cmd2); } close(fds[0]); close(fds[1]); wait(NULL); } void pipecommand(char** cmd1, char** cmd2) { cout<<endl<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[0] ; i++) { cout<<cmd1[i]<<" "; } cout<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[1] ; i++) { cout<<cmd2[i]<<" "; } int fds[2]; // file descriptors pipe(fds); // child process #1 if (fork() == 0) { // Reassign stdin to fds[0] end of pipe. dup2(fds[0], STDIN_FILENO); close(fds[1]); close(fds[0]); process(cmd2); // child process #2 if (fork() == 0) { // Reassign stdout to fds[1] end of pipe. dup2(fds[1], STDOUT_FILENO); close(fds[0]); close(fds[1]); // Execute the first command. process(cmd1); } wait(NULL); } close(fds[1]); close(fds[0]); wait(NULL); } void splitcommand1() { tok++; int k,done=0,no=0; arg_count = 0; for(int i=count ; input[i] != '\0' ; i++) { k=0; while(1) { count++; if(input[i] == ' ') { break; } if((input[i] == '\0')) { done = 1; break; } if(input[i] == '|') { pip = 1; done = 1; break; } temp1[arg_count][k++] = input[i++]; } temp1[arg_count][k++] = '\0'; arg_count++; if(done == 1) { break; } } for(int i=0 ; i<arg_count ; i++) { cmdptr1[i] = temp1[i]; } arg_cnt[tok] = arg_count; } void splitcommand2() { tok++; cout<<"count is :"<<count<<endl; int k,done=0,no=0; arg_count = 0; for(int i=count ; input[i] != '\0' ; i++) { k=0; while(1) { count++; if(input[i] == ' ') { break; } if((input[i] == '\0')) { done = 1; break; } if(input[i] == '|') { pip = 1; done = 1; cout<<"PIP"; break; } temp2[arg_count][k++] = input[i++]; } temp2[arg_count][k++] = '\0'; arg_count++; if(done == 1) { break; } } for(int i=0 ; i<arg_count ; i++) { cmdptr2[i] = temp2[i]; } arg_cnt[tok] = arg_count; } int main() { cout<<endl<<endl<<"Welcome to unique shell !!!!!!!!!!!"<<endl; tok=-1; while(1) { cout<<endl<<"***********UNIQUE**********"<<endl; cin.getline(input,81); count = 0,pip=0; splitcommand1(); if(pip == 1) { count++; splitcommand2(); } cout<<endl<<endl; if(strcmp(cmdptr1[0], "exit") == 0 ) { cout<<endl<<"EXITING UNIQUE SHELL"<<endl; exit(0); } //cout<<endl<<"Arg count is :"<<arg_count<<endl; if(pip == 1) { cout<<endl<<endl<<"in main :"; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[0] ; i++) { cout<<cmdptr1[i]<<" "; } cout<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[1] ; i++) { cout<<cmdptr2[i]<<" "; } pipe(cmdptr1, cmdptr2); } else { process (cmdptr1);//,arg_count); } } } I know it is not well coded. But try to help me :(

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  • Android: Memory leak due to AsyncTask

    - by Manu
    Hello, I'm stuck with a memory leak that I cannot fix. I identified where it occurs, using the MemoryAnalizer but I vainly struggle to get rid of it. Here is the code: public class MyActivity extends Activity implements SurfaceHolder.Callback { ... Camera.PictureCallback mPictureCallbackJpeg = new Camera.PictureCallback() { public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera c) { try { // log the action Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "PICTURE CALLBACK JPEG: data.length = " + data); // Show the ProgressDialog on this thread pd = ProgressDialog.show(MyActivity.this, "", "Préparation", true, false); // Start a new thread that will manage the capture new ManageCaptureTask().execute(data, c); } catch(Exception e){ AlertDialog.Builder dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(MyActivity.this); ... dialog.create().show(); } } class ManageCaptureTask extends AsyncTask<Object, Void, Boolean> { protected Boolean doInBackground(Object... args) { Boolean isSuccess = false; // initialize the bitmap before the capture ((myApp) getApplication()).setBitmapX(null); try{ // Check if it is a real device or an emulator TelephonyManager telmgr = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); String deviceID = telmgr.getDeviceId(); boolean isEmulator = "000000000000000".equalsIgnoreCase(deviceID); // get the bitmap if (isEmulator) { ((myApp) getApplication()).setBitmapX(BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFileName)); } else { ((myApp) getApplication()).setBitmapX(BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray((byte[]) args[0], 0, ((byte[])args[0]).length)); } ((myApp) getApplication()).setImageForDB(ImageTools.resizeBmp(((myApp) getApplication()).getBmp())); // convert the bitmap into a grayscale image and display it in the preview ((myApp) getApplication()).setImage(makeGrayScale()); isSuccess = true; } catch (Exception connEx){ errorMessageFromBkgndThread = getString(R.string.errcapture); } return isSuccess; } protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) { // Pass the result data back to the main activity if (MyActivity.this.pd != null) { MyActivity.this.pd.dismiss(); } if (result){ ((ImageView) findViewById(R.id.apercu)).setImageBitmap(((myApp) getApplication()).getBmp()); ((myApp) getApplication()).setBitmapX(null); } else{ // there was an error ErrAlert(); } } } }; private void ErrAlert(){ // notify the user about the error AlertDialog.Builder dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this); ... dialog.create().show(); } } MemoryAnalyzer indicated the memory leak at: ((myApp) getApplication()).setBitmapX(BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray((byte[]) args[0], 0, ((byte[])args[0]).length)); I am grateful for any suggestion, thank you in advance.

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  • How to define a predicate as a function argument

    - by devoured elysium
    I want to be able to write something as void Start(some condition that might evaluate to either true or false) { //function will only really start if the predicate evaluates to true } I'd guess it must be something of the form: void Start(Predicate predicate) { } How can I check inside my Start function whenever the predicate evaluated to true or false? Is my use of a predicate correct? Thanks

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  • How to return a single variable from a CUDA kernel function?

    - by Pooya
    I have a CUDA search function which calculate one single variable. How can I return it back. global void G_SearchByNameID(node* Node, long nodeCount, long start,char* dest, long answer){ answer = 2; } cudaMemcpy(h_answer, d_answer, sizeof(long), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost); cudaFree(d_answer); for both of these lines I get this error: error: argument of type "long" is incompatible with parameter of type "const void *"

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  • Any tips on reducing wxWidgets application code size?

    - by Billy ONeal
    I have written a minimal wxWidgets application: stdafx.h #define wxNO_REGEX_LIB #define wxNO_XML_LIB #define wxNO_NET_LIB #define wxNO_EXPAT_LIB #define wxNO_JPEG_LIB #define wxNO_PNG_LIB #define wxNO_TIFF_LIB #define wxNO_ZLIB_LIB #define wxNO_ADV_LIB #define wxNO_HTML_LIB #define wxNO_GL_LIB #define wxNO_QA_LIB #define wxNO_XRC_LIB #define wxNO_AUI_LIB #define wxNO_PROPGRID_LIB #define wxNO_RIBBON_LIB #define wxNO_RICHTEXT_LIB #define wxNO_MEDIA_LIB #define wxNO_STC_LIB #include <wx/wxprec.h> Minimal.cpp #include "stdafx.h" #include <memory> #include <wx/wx.h> class Minimal : public wxApp { public: virtual bool OnInit(); }; IMPLEMENT_APP(Minimal) DECLARE_APP(Minimal) class MinimalFrame : public wxFrame { DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE() public: MinimalFrame(const wxString& title); void OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& e); void OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& e); }; BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MinimalFrame, wxFrame) EVT_MENU(wxID_ABOUT, MinimalFrame::OnAbout) EVT_MENU(wxID_EXIT, MinimalFrame::OnQuit) END_EVENT_TABLE() MinimalFrame::MinimalFrame(const wxString& title) : wxFrame(0, wxID_ANY, title) { std::auto_ptr<wxMenu> fileMenu(new wxMenu); fileMenu->Append(wxID_EXIT, L"E&xit\tAlt-X", L"Terminate the Minimal Example."); std::auto_ptr<wxMenu> helpMenu(new wxMenu); helpMenu->Append(wxID_ABOUT, L"&About\tF1", L"Show the about dialog box."); std::auto_ptr<wxMenuBar> bar(new wxMenuBar); bar->Append(fileMenu.get(), L"&File"); fileMenu.release(); bar->Append(helpMenu.get(), L"&Help"); helpMenu.release(); SetMenuBar(bar.get()); bar.release(); CreateStatusBar(2); SetStatusText(L"Welcome to wxWidgets!"); } void MinimalFrame::OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& e) { wxMessageBox(L"Some text about me!", L"About", wxOK, this); } void MinimalFrame::OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& e) { Close(); } bool Minimal::OnInit() { std::auto_ptr<MinimalFrame> mainFrame( new MinimalFrame(L"Minimal wxWidgets Application")); mainFrame->Show(); mainFrame.release(); return true; } This minimal program weighs in at 2.4MB! (Executable compression drops this to half a MB or so but that's still HUGE!) (I must statically link because this application needs to be single-binary-xcopy-deployed, so both the C runtime and wxWidgets itself are set for static linking) Any tips on cutting this down? (I'm using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010)

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  • What is the proper use of boost::fusion::push_back?

    - by Kyle
    // ... snipped includes for iostream and fusion ... namespace fusion = boost::fusion; class Base { protected: int x; public: Base() : x(0) {} void chug() { x++; cout << "I'm a base.. x is now " << x << endl; } }; class Alpha : public Base { public: void chug() { x += 2; cout << "Hi, I'm an alpha, x is now " << x << endl; } }; class Bravo : public Base { public: void chug() { x += 3; cout << "Hello, I'm a bravo; x is now " << x << endl; } }; struct chug { template<typename T> void operator()(T& t) const { t->chug(); } }; int main() { typedef fusion::vector<Base*, Alpha*, Bravo*, Base*> Stuff; Stuff stuff(new Base, new Alpha, new Bravo, new Base); fusion::for_each(stuff, chug()); // Mutates each element in stuff as expected /* Output: I'm a base.. x is now 1 Hi, I'm an alpha, x is now 2 Hello, I'm a bravo; x is now 3 I'm a base.. x is now 1 */ cout << endl; // If I don't put 'const' in front of Stuff... typedef fusion::result_of::push_back<const Stuff, Alpha*>::type NewStuff; // ... then this complains because it wants stuff to be const: NewStuff newStuff = fusion::push_back(stuff, new Alpha); // ... But since stuff is now const, I can no longer mutate its elements :( fusion::for_each(newStuff, chug()); return 0; }; How do I get for_each(newStuff, chug()) to work? (Note: I'm only assuming from the overly brief documentation on boost::fusion that I am supposed to create a new vector every time I call push_back.)

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  • is this possible in java or any other programming language

    - by drake
    public abstract class Master { public void printForAllMethodsInSubClass() { System.out.println ("Printing before subclass method executes"); } } public class Owner extends Master { public void printSomething () { System.out.println ("This printed from Owner"); } public int returnSomeCals () { return 5+5; } } Without messing with methods of subclass...is it possible to execute printForAllMethodsInSubClass() before the method of a subclass gets executed?

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  • Looking for Reachability (2.0) Use Case Validation

    - by user350243
    There is so much info out there on using Apple's Reachability example, and so much is conflicting. I'm trying to find out of I'm using it (Reachability 2.0) correctly below. My App use case is this: If an internet connection is available through any means (wifi, LAN, Edge, 3G, etc.) a UIButton ("See More") is visible on various views. If no connection, the button is not visible. The "See More" part is NOT critical in any way to the app, it's just an add-on feature. "See More" could be visible or not anytime during the application lifecycle as connection is established or lost. Here's how I did it - Is this correct and/or is there a better way? Any help is Greatly Appreciated! lq // AppDelegate.h #import "RootViewController.h" @class Reachability; @interface AppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> { UIWindow *window; UINavigationController *navigationController; RootViewController *rootViewController; Reachability* hostReach; // NOT USED: Reachability* internetReach; // NOT USED: Reachability* wifiReach; } @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window; @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UINavigationController *navigationController; @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet RootViewController *rootViewController; @end // AppDelegate.m #import "AppDelegate.h" #import "Reachability.h" #define kHostName @"www.somewebsite.com" @implementation AppDelegate @synthesize window; @synthesize navigationController; @synthesize rootViewController; - (void) updateInterfaceWithReachability: (Reachability*) curReach { if(curReach == hostReach) { NetworkStatus netStatus = [curReach currentReachabilityStatus]; BOOL connectionRequired = [curReach connectionRequired]; // Set a Reachability BOOL value flag in rootViewController // to be referenced when opening various views if ((netStatus != ReachableViaWiFi) && (netStatus != ReachableViaWWAN)) { rootViewController.bConnection = (BOOL *)0; } else { rootViewController.bConnection = (BOOL *)1; } } } - (void) reachabilityChanged: (NSNotification* )note { Reachability* curReach = [note object]; NSParameterAssert([curReach isKindOfClass: [Reachability class]]); [self updateInterfaceWithReachability: curReach]; } - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { // NOTE: #DEFINE in Reachability.h: // #define kReachabilityChangedNotification @"kNetworkReachabilityChangedNotification" [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver: self selector: @selector(reachabilityChanged:) name: kReachabilityChangedNotification object: nil]; hostReach = [[Reachability reachabilityWithHostName: kHostName] retain]; [hostReach startNotifer]; [self updateInterfaceWithReachability: hostReach]; [window addSubview:[navigationController view]]; [window makeKeyAndVisible]; } - (void)dealloc { [navigationController release]; [rootViewController release]; [window release]; [super dealloc]; } @end

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  • Implementing a robust async stream reader for a console

    - by Jon
    I recently provided an answer to this question: C# - Realtime console output redirection. As often happens, explaining stuff (here "stuff" was how I tackled a similar problem) leads you to greater understanding and/or, as is the case here, "oops" moments. I realized that my solution, as implemented, has a bug. The bug has little practical importance, but it has an extremely large importance to me as a developer: I can't rest easy knowing that my code has the potential to blow up. Squashing the bug is the purpose of this question. I apologize for the long intro, so let's get dirty. I wanted to build a class that allows me to receive input from a Stream in an event-based manner. The stream, in my scenario, is guaranteed to be a FileStream and there is also an associated StreamReader already present to leverage. The public interface of the class is this: public class MyStreamManager { public event EventHandler<ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs> StandardOutputRead; public void StartSendingEvents(); public void StopSendingEvents(); } Obviously this specific scenario has to do with a console's standard output. StartSendingEvents and StopSendingEvents do what they advertise; for the purposes of this discussion, we can assume that events are always being sent without loss of generality. The class uses these two fields internally: protected readonly StringBuilder inputAccumulator = new StringBuilder(); protected readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; The functionality of the class is implemented in the methods below. To get the ball rolling: public void StartSendingEvents(); { this.stopAutomation = false; this.BeginReadAsync(); } To read data out of the Stream without blocking, and also without requiring a carriage return char, BeginRead is called: protected void BeginReadAsync() { if (!this.stopAutomation) { this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.BeginRead( this.buffer, 0, this.buffer.Length, this.ReadHappened, null); } } The challenging part: BeginRead requires using a buffer. This means that when reading from the stream, it is possible that the bytes available to read ("incoming chunk") are larger than the buffer. Since we are only handing off data from the stream to a consumer, and that consumer may well have inside knowledge about the size and/or format of these chunks, I want to call event subscribers exactly once for each chunk. Otherwise the abstraction breaks down and the subscribers have to buffer the incoming data and reconstruct the chunks themselves using said knowledge. This is much less convenient to the calling code, and detracts from the usefulness of my class. Edit: There are comments below correctly stating that since the data is coming from a stream, there is absolutely nothing that the receiver can infer about the structure of the data unless it is fully prepared to parse it. What I am trying to do here is leverage the "flush the output" "structure" that the owner of the console imparts while writing on it. I am prepared to assume (better: allow my caller to have the option to assume) that the OS will pass me the data written between two flushes of the stream in exactly one piece. To this end, if the buffer is full after EndRead, we don't send its contents to subscribers immediately but instead append them to a StringBuilder. The contents of the StringBuilder are only sent back whenever there is no more to read from the stream (thus preserving the chunks). private void ReadHappened(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { var bytesRead = this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.EndRead(asyncResult); if (bytesRead == 0) { this.OnAutomationStopped(); return; } var input = this.StandardOutput.CurrentEncoding.GetString( this.buffer, 0, bytesRead); this.inputAccumulator.Append(input); if (bytesRead < this.buffer.Length) { this.OnInputRead(); // only send back if we 're sure we got it all } this.BeginReadAsync(); // continue "looping" with BeginRead } After any read which is not enough to fill the buffer, all accumulated data is sent to the subscribers: private void OnInputRead() { var handler = this.StandardOutputRead; if (handler == null) { return; } handler(this, new ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs(this.inputAccumulator.ToString())); this.inputAccumulator.Clear(); } (I know that as long as there are no subscribers the data gets accumulated forever. This is a deliberate decision). The good This scheme works almost perfectly: Async functionality without spawning any threads Very convenient to the calling code (just subscribe to an event) Maintains the "chunkiness" of the data; this allows the calling code to use inside knowledge of the data without doing any extra work Is almost agnostic to the buffer size (it will work correctly with any size buffer irrespective of the data being read) The bad That last almost is a very big one. Consider what happens when there is an incoming chunk with length exactly equal to the size of the buffer. The chunk will be read and buffered, but the event will not be triggered. This will be followed up by a BeginRead that expects to find more data belonging to the current chunk in order to send it back all in one piece, but... there will be no more data in the stream. In fact, as long as data is put into the stream in chunks with length exactly equal to the buffer size, the data will be buffered and the event will never be triggered. This scenario may be highly unlikely to occur in practice, especially since we can pick any number for the buffer size, but the problem is there. Solution? Unfortunately, after checking the available methods on FileStream and StreamReader, I can't find anything which lets me peek into the stream while also allowing async methods to be used on it. One "solution" would be to have a thread wait on a ManualResetEvent after the "buffer filled" condition is detected. If the event is not signaled (by the async callback) in a small amount of time, then more data from the stream will not be forthcoming and the data accumulated so far should be sent to subscribers. However, this introduces the need for another thread, requires thread synchronization, and is plain inelegant. Specifying a timeout for BeginRead would also suffice (call back into my code every now and then so I can check if there's data to be sent back; most of the time there will not be anything to do, so I expect the performance hit to be negligible). But it looks like timeouts are not supported in FileStream. Since I imagine that async calls with timeouts are an option in bare Win32, another approach might be to PInvoke the hell out of the problem. But this is also undesirable as it will introduce complexity and simply be a pain to code. Is there an elegant way to get around the problem? Thanks for being patient enough to read all of this.

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  • How does java implement inner class closures?

    - by thecoop
    In Java an anonymous inner class can refer to variables in it's local scope: public class A { public void method() { final int i = 0; doStuff(new Action() { public void doAction() { Console.printf(i); // or whatever } }); } } My question is how is this actually implemented? How does i get to the anonymous inner doAction implementation, and why does it have to be final?

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  • Constructor versus setter injection

    - by Chris
    Hi, I'm currently designing an API where I wish to allow configuration via a variety of methods. One method is via an XML configuration schema and another method is through an API that I wish to play nicely with Spring. My XML schema parsing code was previously hidden and therefore the only concern was for it to work but now I wish to build a public API and I'm quite concerned about best-practice. It seems that many favor javabean type PoJo's with default zero parameter constructors and then setter injection. The problem I am trying to tackle is that some setter methods implementations are dependent on other setter methods being called before them in sequence. I could write anal setters that will tolerate themselves being called in many orders but that will not solve the problem of a user forgetting to set the appropriate setter and therefore the bean being in an incomplete state. The only solution I can think of is to forget about the objects being 'beans' and enforce the required parameters via constructor injection. An example of this is in the default setting of the id of a component based on the id of the parent components. My Interface public interface IMyIdentityInterface { public String getId(); /* A null value should create a unique meaningful default */ public void setId(String id); public IMyIdentityInterface getParent(); public void setParent(IMyIdentityInterface parent); } Base Implementation of interface: public abstract class MyIdentityBaseClass implements IMyIdentityInterface { private String _id; private IMyIdentityInterface _parent; public MyIdentityBaseClass () {} @Override public String getId() { return _id; } /** * If the id is null, then use the id of the parent component * appended with a lower-cased simple name of the current impl * class along with a counter suffix to enforce uniqueness */ @Override public void setId(String id) { if (id == null) { IMyIdentityInterface parent = getParent(); if (parent == null) { // this may be the top level component or it may be that // the user called setId() before setParent(..) } else { _id = Helpers.makeIdFromParent(parent,getClass()); } } else { _id = id; } } @Override public IMyIdentityInterface getParent() { return _parent; } @Override public void setParent(IMyIdentityInterface parent) { _parent = parent; } } Every component in the framework will have a parent except for the top level component. Using the setter type of injection, then the setters will have different behavior based on the order of the calling of the setters. In this case, would you agree, that a constructor taking a reference to the parent is better and dropping the parent setter method from the interface entirely? Is it considered bad practice if I wish to be able to configure these components using an IoC container? Chris

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  • Android - OPENGL cube is NOT in the display

    - by Marc Ortiz
    I'm trying to display a square on my display and i can't. Whats my problem? How can I display it on the screen (center of the screen)? I let my code below! Here's my render class: public class GLRenderEx implements Renderer { private GLCube cube; Context c; GLCube quad; // ( NEW ) // Constructor public GLRenderEx(Context context) { // Set up the data-array buffers for these shapes ( NEW ) quad = new GLCube(); // ( NEW ) } // Call back when the surface is first created or re-created. @Override public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { // NO CHANGE - SKIP } // Call back after onSurfaceCreated() or whenever the window's size changes. @Override public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { // NO CHANGE - SKIP } // Call back to draw the current frame. @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // Clear color and depth buffers using clear-values set earlier gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset model-view matrix ( NEW ) gl.glTranslatef(-1.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f); // Translate left and into the // screen ( NEW ) // Translate right, relative to the previous translation ( NEW ) gl.glTranslatef(3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); quad.draw(gl); // Draw quad ( NEW ) } } And here is my square class: public class GLCube { private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer; // Buffer for vertex-array private float[] vertices = { // Vertices for the square -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // 0. left-bottom 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // 1. right-bottom -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // 2. left-top 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f // 3. right-top }; // Constructor - Setup the vertex buffer public GLCube() { // Setup vertex array buffer. Vertices in float. A float has 4 bytes ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); // Use native byte order vertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer(); // Convert from byte to float vertexBuffer.put(vertices); // Copy data into buffer vertexBuffer.position(0); // Rewind } // Render the shape public void draw(GL10 gl) { // Enable vertex-array and define its buffer gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer); // Draw the primitives from the vertex-array directly gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, vertices.length / 3); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } } Thanks!!

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  • C++ vs. C++/CLI: Const qualification of virtual function parameters

    - by James McNellis
    [All of the following was tested using Visual Studio 2008 SP1] In C++, const qualification of parameter types does not affect the type of a function (8.3.5/3: "Any cv-qualifier modifying a parameter type is deleted") So, for example, in the following class hierarchy, Derived::Foo overrides Base::Foo: struct Base { virtual void Foo(const int i) { } }; struct Derived : Base { virtual void Foo(int i) { } }; Consider a similar hierarchy in C++/CLI: ref class Base abstract { public: virtual void Foo(const int) = 0; }; ref class Derived : public Base { public: virtual void Foo(int i) override { } }; If I then create an instance of Derived: int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { Derived^ d = gcnew Derived; } it compiles without errors or warnings. When I run it, it throws the following exception and then terminates: An unhandled exception of type 'System.TypeLoadException' occurred in ClrVirtualTest.exe Additional information: Method 'Foo' in type 'Derived'...does not have an implementation. That exception seems to indicate that the const qualification of the parameter does affect the type of the function in C++/CLI (or, at least it affects overriding in some way). However, if I comment out the line containing the definition of Derived::Foo, the compiler reports the following error (on the line in main where the instance of Derived is instantiated): error C2259: 'Derived': cannot instantiate abstract class If I add the const qualifier to the parameter of Derived::Foo or remove the const qualifier from the parameter of Base::Foo, it compiles and runs with no errors. I would think that if the const qualification of the parameter affects the type of the function, I should get this error if the const qualification of the parameter in the derived class virtual function does not match the const qualification of the parameter in the base class virtual function. If I change the type of Derived::Foo's parameter from an int to a double, I get the following warning (in addition to the aforementioned error, C2259): warning C4490: 'override': incorrect use of override specifier; 'Derived::Foo' does not match a base ref class method So, my question is, effectively, does the const qualification of function parameters affect the type of the function in C++/CLI? If so, why does this compile and why are there no errors or warnings? If not, why is an exception thrown?

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  • Can you pass by reference in Java?

    - by dbones
    Hi. Sorry if this sounds like a newbie question, but the other day a Java developer mentioned about passing a paramter by reference (by which it was ment just pass a Reference object) From a C# perspective I can pass a reference type by value or by reference, this is also true to value types I have written a noddie console application to show what i mean.. can i do this in Java? namespace ByRefByVal { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //Creating of the object Person p1 = new Person(); p1.Name = "Dave"; PrintIfObjectIsNull(p1); //should not be null //A copy of the Reference is made and sent to the method PrintUserNameByValue(p1); PrintIfObjectIsNull(p1); //the actual reference is passed to the method PrintUserNameByRef(ref p1); //<-- I know im passing the Reference PrintIfObjectIsNull(p1); Console.ReadLine(); } private static void PrintIfObjectIsNull(Object o) { if (o == null) { Console.WriteLine("object is null"); } else { Console.WriteLine("object still references something"); } } /// <summary> /// this takes in a Reference type of Person, by value /// </summary> /// <param name="person"></param> private static void PrintUserNameByValue(Person person) { Console.WriteLine(person.Name); person = null; //<- this cannot affect the orginal reference, as it was passed in by value. } /// <summary> /// this takes in a Reference type of Person, by reference /// </summary> /// <param name="person"></param> private static void PrintUserNameByRef(ref Person person) { Console.WriteLine(person.Name); person = null; //this has access to the orginonal reference, allowing us to alter it, either make it point to a different object or to nothing. } } class Person { public string Name { get; set; } } } If it java cannot do this, then its just passing a reference type by value? (is that fair to say) Many thanks Bones

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  • How to change method signature in Netbeans Form Editor?

    - by Dzmitry Zhaleznichenka
    I create GUI in Netbeans Form Editor and want to change an auto-generated signature of one method, namely to add throws to it. How to do it? For instance, I have private void btOpenFileActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {} And want to make it private void btOpenFileActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) throws AssertionError{} As the method signature is auto-generated, I cannot change it manually.

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  • remove duplicate code in java

    - by Anantha Kumaran
    class A extends ApiClass { public void duplicateMethod() { } } class B extends AnotherApiClass { public void duplicateMethod() { } } I have two classes which extend different api classes. The two class has some duplicate methods(same method repeated in both class) and how to remove this duplication? Edit The ApiClass is not under my control

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  • Using auto-generated event handler in both class and it's superclass

    - by abatishchev
    I have a abstract class: public abstract class MySuperControl : UserControl { protected void Page_PreRender(object sender, EventArgs e) { // do something in super } } and a class that is code-behind for a designed UserControl: public partial class MyControl : MySuperControl { protected void Page_PreRender(object sender, EventArgs e) { // do something in class } } how do declare both of them to nest automated call?

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  • COMException Problem

    - by Jack Harvin
    Wondering if anyone could help with my problem. Below is the code, and after the code an explination of where the exception is thrown. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Web; using WatiN.Core; using System.Threading; using System.IO; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Thread t = new Thread(createApplications); Settings.AutoStartDialogWatcher = false; t.SetApartmentState(System.Threading.ApartmentState.STA); t.Start(); } private void createApplications() { createApp("username", "password", "Test App", "This is just a test description", "http:/mysite.com"); } private void createApp(String username, String password, String appName, String description, String appUrl) { var currentBrowser = new IE("http://mysite.com/login/php"); currentBrowser.TextField(Find.ById("username")).TypeText(username); currentBrowser.TextField(Find.ById("password")).TypeText(password); currentBrowser.Button(Find.ById("submit")).Click(); currentBrowser.GoTo("http://mysite.com/createmusicapp.php"); currentBrowser.TextField(Find.ById("application_name")).TypeText(appName); currentBrowser.TextField(Find.ById("application_description")).TypeText(description); currentBrowser.TextField(Find.ById("application_url")).TypeText(appUrl); currentBrowser.RadioButton(Find.ById("client_application_desktop_1")).Click(); currentBrowser.RadioButton(Find.ById("client_application_is_writable_1")).Click(); WatiN.Core.Image captchaImage = currentBrowser.Div(Find.ById("recaptcha_image")).Image(Find.ByStyle("display", "block")); Form2 captcha = new Form2(captchaImage.Src); captcha.ShowDialog(); } } } The exception is thrown on this line: currentBrowser.TextField(Find.ById("username")).TypeText(username); BUT, it's thrown when it gets to this line: captcha.ShowDialog(); It logs in, and fills in the app details and Form2 loads fine, but once loaded, after around 2-3 seconds the exception happens. I am wondering if it's anything to do with the threads? But I wouldn't know how to solve it if it was. The complete exception thrown is: The object invoked has disconnected from its clients. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80010108 (RPC_E_DISCONNECTED))

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  • Impossible to use ref and out in Extension methods?

    - by Hun1Ahpu
    Why is it forbidden to call Extension method with ref modifier? This one is possible: public static void Change(ref TestClass testClass, TestClass testClass2) { testClass = testClass2; } And this one not: public static void ChangeWithExtensionMethod(this ref TestClass testClass, TestClass testClass2) { testClass = testClass2; } But why?

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  • Sockets, Threads and Services in android, how to make them work together ?

    - by Spredzy
    Hi all, I am facing a probleme with threads and sockets I cant figure it out, if someone can help me please i would really appreciate. There are the facts : I have a service class NetworkService, inside this class I have a Socket attribute. I would like it be at the state of connected for the whole lifecycle of the service. To connect the socket I do it in a thread, so if the server has to timeout, it would not block my UI thread. Problem is, into the thread where I connect my socket everything is fine, it is connected and I can talk to my server, once this thread is over and I try to reuse the socket, in another thread, I have the error message Socket is not connected. Questions are : - Is the socket automatically disconnected at the end of the thread? - Is their anyway we can pass back a value from a called thread to the caller ? Thanks a lot, Here is my code public class NetworkService extends Service { private Socket mSocket = new Socket(); private void _connectSocket(String addr, int port) { Runnable connect = new connectSocket(this.mSocket, addr, port); new Thread(connect).start(); } private void _authentification() { Runnable auth = new authentification(); new Thread(auth).start(); } private INetwork.Stub mBinder = new INetwork.Stub() { @Override public int doConnect(String addr, int port) throws RemoteException { _connectSocket(addr, port); _authentification(); return 0; } }; class connectSocket implements Runnable { String addrSocket; int portSocket; int TIMEOUT=5000; public connectSocket(String addr, int port) { addrSocket = addr; portSocket = port; } @Override public void run() { SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(addrSocket, portSocket); try { mSocket.connect(socketAddress, TIMEOUT); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(mSocket.getOutputStream(), true); out.println("test42"); Log.i("connectSocket()", "Connection Succesful"); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e("connectSocket()", e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } } } class authentification implements Runnable { private String constructFirstConnectQuery() { String query = "toto"; return query; } @Override public void run() { BufferedReader in; PrintWriter out; String line = ""; try { in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(mSocket.getInputStream())); out = new PrintWriter(mSocket.getOutputStream(), true); out.println(constructFirstConnectQuery()); while (mSocket.isConnected()) { line = in.readLine(); Log.e("LINE", "[Current]- " + line); } } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} } }

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  • Cpp some basic problems

    - by DevAno1
    Hello. My task was as follows : Create class Person with char*name and int age. Implement contructor using dynamic allocation of memory for variables, destructor, function init and friend function show. Then transform this class to header and cpp file and implement in other program. Ok so I've almost finished my Person class, but I get error after destructor. First question is how to write this properly ? #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Person { char* name; int age; public: int * take_age(); Person(){ int size=0; cout << "Give length of char*" << endl; cin >> size; name = new char[size]; age = 0; } ~Person(){ cout << "Destroying resources" << endl; delete *[] name; delete * take_age(); } friend void(Person &p); int * Person::take_age(){ return age; } void init(char* n, int a) { name = n; age = a; } void show(Person &p){ cout << "Name: " << p.name << "," << "age: " << p.age << endl; } }; int main(void) { Person *p = new Person; p->init("Mary", 25); p.show(); system("PAUSE"); return 0; } And now with header/implementation part : - do I need to introduce constructor in header/implementation files ? If yes - how? - my show() function is a friendly function. Should I take it into account somehow ? I already failed to return this task on my exam, but still I'd like to know how to implement it.

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  • Mouse event in Java

    - by Harish
    I am trying to move a JComponent say a label over a table.I am tracking this event using MouseMotionListener's mouseDragged method.This method perfectly helps me in tracking the item.Is there a way to track the mouse release after dragging is complete(.ie the dropping event). tktLabel1.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionListener() { public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent arg0) { tktLabel1.setBounds(tktLabel1.getX() + arg0.getX(), tktLabel1.getY() + arg0.getY(), width, height); } public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent arg0) { } });

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  • How safe is my safe rethrow?

    - by gustafc
    (Late edit: This question will hopefully be obsolete when Java 7 comes, because of the "final rethrow" feature which seems like it will be added.) Quite often, I find myself in situations looking like this: do some initialization try { do some work } catch any exception { undo initialization rethrow exception } In C# you can do it like this: InitializeStuff(); try { DoSomeWork(); } catch { UndoInitialize(); throw; } For Java, there's no good substitution, and since the proposal for improved exception handling was cut from Java 7, it looks like it'll take at best several years until we get something like it. Thus, I decided to roll my own: (Edit: Half a year later, final rethrow is back, or so it seems.) public final class Rethrow { private Rethrow() { throw new AssertionError("uninstantiable"); } /** Rethrows t if it is an unchecked exception. */ public static void unchecked(Throwable t) { if (t instanceof Error) throw (Error) t; if (t instanceof RuntimeException) throw (RuntimeException) t; } /** Rethrows t if it is an unchecked exception or an instance of E. */ public static <E extends Exception> void instanceOrUnchecked( Class<E> exceptionClass, Throwable t) throws E, Error, RuntimeException { Rethrow.unchecked(t); if (exceptionClass.isInstance(t)) throw exceptionClass.cast(t); } } Typical usage: public void doStuff() throws SomeException { initializeStuff(); try { doSomeWork(); } catch (Throwable t) { undoInitialize(); Rethrow.instanceOrUnchecked(SomeException.class, t); // We shouldn't get past the above line as only unchecked or // SomeException exceptions are thrown in the try block, but // we don't want to risk swallowing an error, so: throw new SomeException("Unexpected exception", t); } private void doSomeWork() throws SomeException { ... } } It's a bit wordy, catching Throwable is usually frowned upon, I'm not really happy at using reflection just to rethrow an exception, and I always feel a bit uneasy writing "this will not happen" comments, but in practice it works well (or seems to, at least). What I wonder is: Do I have any flaws in my rethrow helper methods? Some corner cases I've missed? (I know that the Throwable may have been caused by something so severe that my undoInitialize will fail, but that's OK.) Has someone already invented this? I looked at Commons Lang's ExceptionUtils but that does other things. Edit: finally is not the droid I'm looking for. I'm only interested to do stuff when an exception is thrown. Yes, I know catching Throwable is a big no-no, but I think it's the lesser evil here compared to having three catch clauses (for Error, RuntimeException and SomeException, respectively) with identical code. Note that I'm not trying to suppress any errors - the idea is that any exceptions thrown in the try block will continue to bubble up through the call stack as soon as I've rewinded a few things.

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