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• Change install path to /usr/bin instead of /usr/local/bin

  - by user1678788

  A simple question, but I have no concrete documentation to confirm my answer. When installing software with the make install command under a unix machine, the default path is going over to /usr/local/bin. I would like to update a package system-wide under /usr/bin. How (and where) do I change the command under make or make install to /usr/bin? Also - Can the package remain on /usr/local/bin but the systemwide usage of Python (the update being installed) be changed to /usr/local/bin from /usr/bin to avoid modifying the original installed version ?

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• Efficient PuTTy workflow / configuration

  - by Adrian Ratnapala

  PuTTy is a fine SSH client, but how do you get a workflow managed as slickly as OpenSSH on Unix? My issues with PuTTy's management are: PuTTy tools are not in my PATH (easily fixable) PuTTy seems to have no equivalent of ~/.ssh, so I end have to manually choose locations for my keypairs, and then manually tell all the tools where to find them every time The private key's read permissions seem lax (I might be wrong about this, I a klutz on Windows). Pageant doesn't run by default (easily fixable?) Other programs don't reliably find pageant I suspect all of these problems can be fixed if I just get set my system up properly, and/or organise a nice workflow that fits into PuTTy's way of doing things. So can anyone share some success stories about managing PuTTy?

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• Question about the linux root file system.

  - by smwikipedia

  I read the manual page of the "mount" command, at it reads as below: All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at /. These files can be spread out over several devices. The mount command serves to attach the file system found on some device to the big file tree. My questions are: Where is this "big tree" located? Suppose I have 2 disks, if I mount them onto some point in the "big tree", does linux place some "special marks" in the mount point to indicate that these 2 "mount directories" are indeed seperate disks?

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• Cisco 678 Will Not Work using PPPoE - Possibly Because I Configured it Incorrectly..?

  - by Brian Stinar

  I am attempting to configure a Cisco 678 because I am totally sick on my Actiontec. However, I am running into some problems. It seems as though the Cisco is able to train the line, but I am unable to ping out. I am all right at programming, but still learning a lot when it comes to being a system administrator. I apologize in advance if I did something ridiculous, or am attempting to configure this device to do something it was not designed to do. It is almost like I am not correctly configuring the device to grab it's IP using PPPoA (like my Actiontec.) The output from "show running" (below) makes me think this too. Below are the commands I ran in order to configure this: # en # set nvram erase # write # reboot # en # set nat enable # set dhcp server enable # set PPP wan0-0 ipcp 0.0.0.0 # set ppp wan0-0 dns 0.0.0.0 # set PPP wan0-0 login xxxxx // My actual login # set PPP wan0-0 password yyyyy // My actual password # set PPP restart enabled # set int wan0-0 close # set int wan0-0 vpi 0 # set int wan0-0 vci 32 # set int wan0-0 open # write # reboot Here is the output from a few commands I thought could provide some useful information: cbos#ping 74.125.224.113 Sending 1 8 byte ping(s) to 74.125.224.113 every 2 second(s) Request timed out cbos#show version Cisco Broadband Operating System CBOS (tm) 678 Software (C678-I-M), Version v2.4.9 - Release Software Copyright (c) 1986-2001 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Nov 17 2004 15:26:29 DMT FULL firmware version G96 NVRAM image at 0x1030f000 cbos#show errors - Current Error Messages - ## Ticks Module Level Message 0 000:00:00:00 PPP Info IPCP Open Event on wan0-0 1 000:00:00:14 ATM Info Wan0 Up 2 000:00:00:14 PPP Info PPP Up Event on wan0-0 3 000:00:01:54 PPP Info PPP Down Event on wan0-0 Total Number of Error Messages: 4 cbos#show interface wan0 wan0 ADSL Physical Port Line Trained Actual Configuration: Overhead Framing: 3 Trellis Coding: Enabled Standard Compliance: T1.413 Downstream Data Rate: 1184 Kbps Upstream Data Rate: 928 Kbps Interleave S Downstream: 4 Interleave D Downstream: 16 Interleave R Downstream: 16 Interleave S Upstream: 4 Interleave D Upstream: 8 Interleave R Upstream: 16 Modem Microcode: G96 DSP version: 0 Operating State: Showtime/Data Mode Configured: Echo Cancellation: Disabled Overhead Framing: 3 Coding Gain: Auto TX Power Attenuation: 0dB Trellis Coding: Enabled Bit Swapping: Disabled Standard Compliance: T1.413 Remote Standard Compliance: T1.413 Tx Start Bin: 0x6 Tx End Bin: 0x1f Data Interface: Utopia L1 Status: Local SNR Margin: 19.0dB Local Coding Gain: 7.5dB Local Transmit Power: 12.5dB Local Attenuation: 46.0dB Remote Attenuation: 31.0dB Local Counters: Interleaved RS Corrected Bytes: 0 Interleaved Symbols with CRC Errors: 2 No Cell Delineation Interleaved: 0 Out of Cell Delineation Interleaved: 0 Header Error Check Counter Interleaved: 0 Count of Severely Errored Frames: 0 Count of Loss of Signal Frames: 0 Remote Counters: Interleaved RS Corrected Bytes: 0 Interleaved Symbols with CRC Errors: 1 No Cell Delineation Interleaved: 0 Header Error Check Counter Interleaved: 0 Count of Severely Errored Frames: 0 Count of Loss of Signal Frames: 0 cbos#show int wan0-0 WAN0-0 ATM Logical Port PVC (VPI 0, VCI 32) is configured. ScalaRate set to Auto AAL 5 UBR Traffic IP Port Enabled cbos#show running Warning: traffic may pause while NVRAM is being accessed [[ CBOS = Section Start ]] NSOS MD5 Enable Password = XXXX NSOS MD5 Root Password = XXXX NSOS MD5 Commander Password = XXXX [[ PPP Device Driver = Section Start ]] PPP Port User Name = 00, "XXXX" PPP Port User Password = 00, XXXX PPP Port Option = 00, IPCP,IP Address,3,Auto,Negotiation Not Required,Negotiable ,IP,0.0.0.0 PPP Port Option = 00, IPCP,Primary DNS Server,129,Auto,Negotiation Not Required, Negotiable,IP,0.0.0.0 PPP Port Option = 00, IPCP,Secondary DNS Server,131,Auto,Negotiation Not Require d,Negotiable,IP,0.0.0.0 [[ ATM WAN Device Driver = Section Start ]] ATM WAN Virtual Connection Parms = 00, 0, 32, 0 [[ DHCP = Section Start ]] DHCP Server = enabled [[ IP Routing = Section Start ]] IP NAT = enabled [[ WEB = Section Start ]] WEB = enabled cbos# wtf...? Thank you all very much for taking the time to read this, and the help.

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• e2fsck / resize2fs problems

  - by BlakBat

  I've got 6 drives (each 1.5T, all same model and firmware revision) that are part of a RAID5 array. The RAID5 makes a LVM volume group and a logical group. The latter contains only one ext3 partition. I've recently ran: e2fsck -f /dev/vg03/lv01 && resize2fs -M /dev/vg03/lv01 which exited without an error. Now when I try to mount /dev/vg03/lv01 I get: EXT3-fs error (device dm-0): ext3_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 30533 not in group (block 1000532368)! EXT3-fs: group descriptors corrupted! How do I get out of this predicament? This is all the info I can currently give you: fdisk -l /dev/sd[cdefgh] shows (correctly) that they are "Linux raid autodetect" but fdisk now shows: fdisk -l /dev/md0 Disk /dev/md0: 7501.5 GB, 7501495664640 bytes ... Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table (instead of a LVM type partition) fdisk -l /dev/vg03/lv01 Disk /dev/vg03/lv01: 7501.5 GB, 7501491732480 bytes ... Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/vg03/lv01 doesn't contain a valid partition table (instead of a ext3 type partition) I've tried: e2fsck -fy /dev/vg03/lv01 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... Block bitmap for group 30533 is not in group. (block 1000532368) Relocate? yes Inode bitmap for group 30533 is not in group. (block 1000532369) Relocate? yes Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Relocating group 30533's block bitmap to 1000524246... Error allocating 1 contiguous block(s) in block group 30533 for inode bitmap: Could not allocate block in ext2 filesystem e2fsck: aborted Extra information I can give you: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid5 sdg1[0] sdh1[5] sdf1[4] sde1[3] sdc1[2] sdd1[1] 7325679360 blocks level 5, 128k chunk, algorithm 2 [6/6] [UUUUUU] bitmap: 1/175 pages [4KB], 4096KB chunk unused devices: Lastly, all smartctl tests (short and extendend) showed no errors on any of the disks. Should I try to resize2fs to grow /dev/vg03/lv01 and redo a e2fsck ? Should I cfdisk /dev/md0 and /dev/vg03/lv01 back to their real types? Thanks in advance for all and any help. 2011-09-20 UPDATE I issued the following commands and was able to remount the partition, but by viewing the size (df) of before and after, it seems that 1Tb of data have gone missing. By checking the MD5SUMS (from an old backup) of some files with the "same" files from the remounted partition, some errors have been detected. Commands issued to remount the partition were: dumpe2fs /dev/vg03/lv01 Block count: 1000491435<br /> Block size: 4096<br /> tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/vg03/lv01 resize2fs -p /dev/vg03/lv01 dumpe2fs /dev/vg03/lv01 Block count: 1831418880<br /> Block size: 4096<br /> mount -o ro,noatime /dev/vg03/lv01 /mnt/raid OK... but files have been damaged / gone missing.

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• What are the benefits of running a app server in user space, like Unicorn, as opposed to as sudo?

  - by dan

  I've been using Phusion Passenger + Rails/Sinatra for a lot of projects. Passenger runs under the main Nginx or Apache process. But I'm interested in Unicorn, partly because it runs in user space. You just set up Nginx to proxy_pass requests to a unix socket that is connected to Unicorn processes that you fire up under a normal user account. Is there anything to be said as far as advantages and disadvantages of these two alternative approaches to running an web app? I mean in terms of ease of administration, stability, simplicity, etc.

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• Where do you find the Bash source files of programs in Linux/Mac OSX?

  - by AndrewKS

  I am currently writing some convenience methods for my terminal in my bash_profile and am sure if what I am writing is "the best way". I figure a good way to verify whether what I'm doing is right or not would be to find some source code of more established programs and see how they do it. My question then is, where can I find this code on my Mac? An example is, with Macports installed, where is the source code that opens the port interactive console when I type nothing but "port" in my shell? (I added Linux in the title even though I am on a Mac because I assume the answer would be the same for both) Edit: The answer I am looking for is in terms of which directory relative to the programs will I find their unix scripts.

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• Read/WRITE/Verify disk diagnostic tool for Mac OS X?

  - by Spiff

  It seems that there are many tools out there for Mac OS X that test a hard drive for bad blocks by doing a Read/Verify pass. That is, they read a block, then read it a second time, and verify that both reads yielded the same results. I need a tool that does a non-destructive Read/Write/Verify pass. It should read each block, write those same contents back out, and then read it again to verify. That way every block gets written, giving the hard drive a chance to spare out bad blocks. But since the same contents that were just read get written back out, it doesn't destroy data that wasn't already lost. I'm aware of several tools that can do Read/Verify, but I'm not aware of any that do Read/Write/Verify. Are there any tools that do what I want? Unix / open source tools that compile and run on Mac OS X are fair game too.

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• Lighttpd with FastCGI won't create /tmp/fcgi.sock on startup?

  - by Marlon

  I'm running lighttpd-1.4.19 on a debian 5 box and try to run web2py with fastcgi. The problem with that is, that lighttpd does not create the socket file /tmp/fcgi.sock. If I'm creating the file by myself touch /tmp/fcgi.sock lighttpd will start but will throw this error after some time running: unexpected end-of-file (perhaps the fastcgi process died): pid: 0 socket: unix:/tmp/fcgi.sock My config looks like this: fastcgi.server = ( "/handler_web2py.fcgi" = ( "handler_web2py" = ( #name for logs "check-local" = "disable", "socket" = "/tmp/fcgi.sock", "idle-timeout" = 20, "max-procs" = 1 ) ), ) Is there any known problem with running lighttpd on debian 5? Thanks for any help. I have pasted the whole lighttpd config: http://pastie.org/1660646

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• Vacation sends autoreply message to the recipient as well

  - by elitalon

  Hi, I have configured my Postfix server with vacation for a domain. Sending a message to [email protected] causes two events: The message is delivered to the recipient ([email protected]) An auto-reply message is sent to the sender, alerting that [email protected] should be used instead. Everything works well except for one particular drawback: the auto-reply is also sent to the recipient, so it receives two messages in the end. What can I do to avoid that? I'm only using the $TO variable in the custom vacation.msg message. And here is Postfix's master.cf vacation line: autoreply unix - n n - - pipe flags=Rhu user=vacation argv=/usr/bin/vacation -j -m /home/vacation/.vacation.msg -f /home/vacation/.vacation.db vacation I know using the -j is a little bit risky according to man page, but I'm kind of testing here.

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• How do I fix Nginx config to work with multiple hosts of Unicorn?

  - by fred deAlmeida

  I have no problem instantiating multiple instances of unicorn on different unix sockets and ports. Works fine if I do url:port. My problem comes in correctly formatting nginx.conf to allow multipe upstream conditions. Whatever i do does not seem to work. One instance is fine works fine. Multiple gives me a ""upstream" directive is not allowed here error I am using the base nginx sample from the unicorn site. and doubling up the upstream area with differing terms. each is part of the http set. Any help would be amazing!

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• Moving a Drupal between linux servers, best practice to avoid file-ownership problems

  - by zero

  I want to port over a Drupal commons 6x24 from a local LAMP-stack to a production webserver. Both systems run OpenSuse Linux. How do I do this, what are the most important steps. How should I handle file-ownership. It's important for me to have to have full control of the file ownership. If I use the wwwrun account, I frequently run into problems, due to a very strict webserver-admin. See for example the long history of looking for fixes and solutions see this thread and even more interesting see this very long and impressive thread here. All troubles I run into have to do with file-owernship and permissions. This is my current setup; Note: This was just a quick hacked installation - quick and dirty. Well my interest is after the general options i have in the port of a drupal from linux to linux linux-vi17:/srv/www/htdocs/com624 # ls -l insgesamt 224 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 45285 19. Jan 00:54 CHANGELOG.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 925 19. Jan 00:54 COPYRIGHT.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 206 19. Jan 00:54 cron.php drwxrwxrwx 2 root www 4096 19. Jan 00:54 includes -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 923 19. Jan 00:54 index.php -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 1244 19. Jan 00:54 INSTALL.mysql.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 1011 19. Jan 00:54 INSTALL.pgsql.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 47073 19. Jan 00:54 install.php -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 15572 19. Jan 00:54 INSTALL.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 14940 19. Jan 00:54 LICENSE.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 1858 19. Jan 00:54 MAINTAINERS.txt drwxrwxrwx 3 root www 4096 19. Jan 00:54 misc drwxrwxrwx 35 root www 4096 19. Jan 00:54 modules drwxrwxrwx 4 root www 4096 19. Jan 00:54 profiles -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 1470 19. Jan 00:54 robots.txt drwxrwxrwx 2 root www 4096 19. Jan 00:54 scripts drwxrwxrwx 4 root www 4096 19. Jan 00:54 sites drwxrwxrwx 7 root www 4096 19. Jan 00:54 themes -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 26250 19. Jan 00:54 update.php -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 4864 19. Jan 00:54 UPGRADE.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 root www 294 19. Jan 00:54 xmlrpc.php linux-vi17:/srv/www/htdocs/com624 # thx to BetaRides answer here a quick overview on the drush functionality with rsync http://drush.ws/ core-rsync Rsync the Drupal tree to/from another server using ssh. Examples: drush rsync @dev @stage Rsync Drupal root from dev to stage (one of which must be local). drush rsync ./ @stage:%files/img Rsync all files in the current directory to the 'img' directory in the file storage folder on stage. Arguments: source May be rsync path or site alias. See rsync documentation and example.aliases.drushrc.php. destination May be rsync path or site alias. See rsync documentation and example.aliases.drushrc.php. Options: --mode The unary flags to pass to rsync; --mode=rultz implies rsync -rultz. Default is -az. --RSYNC-FLAG Most rsync flags passed to drush sync will be passed on to rsync. See rsync documentation. --exclude-conf Excludes settings.php from being rsynced. Default. --include-conf Allow settings.php to be rsynced --exclude-files Exclude the files directory. --exclude-sites Exclude all directories in "sites/" except for "sites/all". --exclude-other-sites Exclude all directories in "sites/" except for "sites/all" and the site directory for the site being synced. Note: if the site directory is different between the source and destination, use --exclude-sites followed by "drush rsync @from:%site @to:%site" --exclude-paths List of paths to exclude, seperated by : (Unix-based systems) or ; (Windows). --include-paths List of paths to include, seperated by : (Unix-based systems) or ; (Windows). Topics: docs-aliases Site aliases overview with examples Aliases: rsync

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• Allowing non-admins to run programs as admins on Windows 7

  - by Josh

  On *nix, admins can use the setuid flag to allow non-admins to run certain programs that would otherwise require admin privileges. Is there any way to do something similar in Windows 7? This question has been asked here before for Windows XP, and the answers were generally unsatisfying. I'm wondering if Windows 7 provides a better way. One idea I can think of would be to use Microsoft's Subsystem for UNIX Applications, but I'd rather not install that on every user's system if I can avoid it. Another idea I can think of (which would work on XP too, but I haven't seen it mentioned anywhere) would be to create a RunAsAdmin application that runs as a service, that takes a whitelist of "safe" apps and can be asked (from a command line, batch file or script) to run any program on the list as LocalSystem or whatever account the service uses. Is this possible? Are there any solutions that aren't as clunky as those? Or, has anyone implemented either of the above techniques successfully?

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• Emulating CP/M under Linux

  - by gh403

  I need to be able to run a very old piece of software -- the HI-TECH z80 C Compiler for CP/M. It has been released as freeware by HI-TECH. Alas, it only runs on CP/M. After a lot of Googling, I found a page of utilities for UZIX. One of those utilities is a script to abstract away the emulation of a CP/M machine, thus allowing you to use the compiler as you would any other UNIX program. The problem with this script is that it depends on their own CP/M emulator, which unfortunately will not compile on a modern (x64) system. My question: is there a usable CP/M emulator for Linux that could be used in a similar fashion? Specifically, I need to be able to somehow have it access files from the host system, a la DOSBox. I'm willing to rewrite a script (I don't have to re-use the UZIX one); I just need an emulator. Thanks for any help!

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• Nginx fastcgi split path info with mailman

  - by eyadof

  i'm using mailman with nginx to get its web interface this my nginx config : location /cgi-bin/mailman { root /usr/lib/; fastcgi_split_path_info (/cgi-bin/mailman[^/]*)/(.*)$; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket; } it's seems to work good when i call mydomain.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo, but when I request something like : mydomain.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/mylist i get 403 and in nginx error log : FastCGI sent in stderr: "Cannot chdir to script directory (/usr/lib/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo)" while reading response header from upstream I tried every regex available to get it work but it still give 403 any help or any clue to get it work .

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• Backup broken PostgreSQL 8.4 without pg_dump

  - by Daniil

  So. I have a problem. PostgreSQL 8.4 won't start or restart without any output given. But it worked for 3 monthes until hosting provider doesn't rebooted server. Now it is completly broken. It wan't start and doesn't give any output or log. pg_dump: [archiver (db)] connection to database "postgres" failed: No such file or directory Is the server running locally and accepting connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"? Now I want to backup (or just start pgsql socket) my database to reinstall postgesql. How?

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• Folder default ACLs not inherited when new file is created

  - by Flavien

  I'm a bit of a beginner with Unix systems, but I'm running Cygwin on my Windows Server, and I am trying to figure out something related to extended ACLs. I have a directory to which I set the following ACLs: Administrator@MyServer ~ $ setfacl -m d:u:Someuser:r-- somedir Administrator@MyServer ~ $ getfacl somedir/ # file: somedir/ # owner: Administrator # group: None user::rwx group::r-x mask:rwx other:r-x default:user::rwx default:user:Someuser:r-- default:group::r-x default:mask:rwx default:other:r-x As you can see mose of the default ACLs have the x bit. Then when I create a fine in it, it doesn't inherit the ACLs it is supposed to: Administrator@MyServer ~ $ touch somedir/somefile Administrator@MyServer ~ $ getfacl somedir/somefile # file: somedir/somefile # owner: Administrator # group: None user::rw- user:Someuser:r-- group::r-- mask:rwx other:r-- It's basically missing the x bit everywhere. Any idea why?

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• Shared storage solution for our sql server backups

  - by Gokhan

  We have 3 clustered sql servers. We have 5+ multi terrabyte databases and their backup files (compressed using quest litespeed) are hitting over 600gb each, We are required to keep at least a week or two weeks (if we can) of weekly full backups and then 6 days differential backups, and a week or 2 weeks worth of log backups local. We are currently limited to 2TB volumes from our san team, we can have multiple volumes but they are expensive ($200 per raw TB per month) and having to deal with many backup volumes instead of a single big volume is difficult. I think if we could have a shared network storage of 20TB+ raid 10 or so for all our servers for keeping the backups and another department will copy them to tape from the network storage and delete files according to the retention period would be good, if this box would be a build in operating system (even unix a complete file storage system) that would be good. What do you guys think, does this make sense to you, is there any manufacturer that sells a storage product like that which that work in a clustered environment? Thank you

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• Windows XP: Consequences of setting a password for an account

  - by sleske

  I do not quite understand how Windows (specifically Windows XP) handles accounts with/without passwords. As far as I can see, on a fresh Windows XP install I have one default account which has admin rights does not have a password will auto-login (without password prompt) when the computer boots What happens if I set a password for this account? Will it still auto-login? Or will it always prompt for the PW? And generally, what consequences does it have if I set a password? I noted that Scheduled Tasks apparently cannot run under an account w/o password (creating a scheduled task will prompt for the account PW). Is there anything that will not work with a password set? Why is it even possible to have accounts without a password? I have some Unix/Linux background, but the concepts appear a little different under Windows.

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• Apache on Mac Mavericks issue

  - by Michael

  Trying to run Apache so that I can create a testing server on my mac.When I start apache it starts, but it doesn't run (no connection to local host. Ill upload the unix,you'll see that after starting there is no processes, and I did a check to show you what was running on my port 80... I don't entirely know that means. Michaels-MacBook-Pro-3:~ michaelramos$ sudo apachectl start Michaels-MacBook-Pro-3:~ michaelramos$ ps aux | grep httpd michaelramos 348 0.0 0.0 2442000 624 s000 S+ 8:51AM 0:00.00 grep httpd Michaels-MacBook-Pro-3:~ michaelramos$ sudo apachectl start org.apache.httpd: Already loaded Michaels-MacBook-Pro-3:~ michaelramos$ sudo lsof -i ':80' COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME ocspd 96 root 18u IPv4 0x8402f926599c58df 0t0 TCP dhcp-92-67.radford.edu:49267->108.162.232.196:http (ESTABLISHED) ocspd 96 root 20u IPv4 0x8402f926599c58df 0t0 TCP dhcp-92-67.radford.edu:49267->108.162.232.196:http (ESTABLISHED) ocspd 96 root 21u IPv4 0x8402f926599c50f7 0t0 TCP dhcp-92-67.radford.edu:49268->108.162.232.206:http (ESTABLISHED) ocspd 96 root 23u IPv4 0x8402f926599c50f7 0t0 TCP dhcp-92-67.radford.edu:49268->108.162.232.206:http (ESTABLISHED)

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• Is there an equivalent of SU for Windows

  - by CodeSlave

  Is there a way (when logged in as an administrator, or as a member of the administrators group) to masquerade as a non-privileged user? Especially in an AD environment. e.g., in the Unix world I could do the following (as root): # whoami root # su johnsmith johnsmith> whoami johnsmith johnsmith> exit # exit I need to test/configure something on a user's account, and I don't want to have to know their password or have to reset it. Edit: runas won't cut it. Ideally, my whole desktop would become the user's, etc. and not just in a cmd window.

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• How to get uncaught PHP errors from fcgi server

  - by jason

  My web hosting company recently replaced suPHP with fcgi on my dedicated server because I needed opcode functionality. Since then I see loads of 500 errors in apache error and php error log is empty. I have no way to figure out whats the root cause. One reason I found out was time out so my hosting company changed FcgidConnectTimeout and FcgidIOTimeout to a value of 200. I believe there are no more timeout errors in my php script. My question is how do I capture PHP error before 500 internal server error page display to user? I am using Centos 5.8 server, WHM 11.34.0 (build 9), PHP 5.3.18 and Apache/2.2.23 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.23 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 mod_auth_passthrough/2.1 mod_bwlimited/1.4 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635 mod_fcgid/2.3.6

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• Use procmail to deliver to stdout and a second server

  - by Halfgaar

  I would like a Postfix server to deliver each message to a certain transport as well as relay to a second server. In master.cf, I have the following transport: zarafa unix - n n - 10 pipe flags= user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/zarafa-dagent ${user} Because I can't get Postfix to deliver to two transports, what I probably need, is a wrapper transport, using procmail maybe, that delivers to zarafa-dagent and relays to a second server (not just forward to an address; relay to a second server). It can also be a script that calls sendmail or whatever, but at the moment, I don't know how to proceed.

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• How to determine if a file has been backed up?

  - by Console

  I try to consolidate old drives to new ones of larger capacity. Sometimes files have been renamed, but are otherwise identical. Sometimes an old directory has just a few more files in it than a newer directory with the same name. Sometimes a file has the same name but the size differs. So I often find myself asking the question: Are there any files on this old drive or directory that I haven't already copied to the new drive? I just want to know that I have the files, I don't want to try and sync stuff automatically (Syncing tools tend to just sync, creating duplicate folder structures and other problems, so I prefer to do it by hand). Basically, if an old drive has a file called "foo.bar" ten directories deep, and my new big drive has an identical file called "oldstuff.zip" in the root, I just want a "yes you have it" or "no, unique files exist". Is there a free tool, a script or a quick and easy method (Mac/Unix or Windows) to get the answer?

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• Is it really necessary to call /bin/sync twice before an unmanaged power-off?

  - by Jeremy Friesner

  Hi all, My company sells an "embedded device" which is implemented as a headless Linux box with ext4 on an internal SSD. Some of our users have a habit of doing a "save current settings" on this box, and then cutting power to the unit as soon as the unit reports that the save completed (ie two seconds later). This was causing occasional corruption of the saved files, as the data wouldn't always get flushed to the SSD before the power went out. So I tweaked my software to run /bin/sync immediately after writing the file (after closing the file handle but before notifying the user that the save completed). This appears to fix the issue, but my coworker says that one call to /bin/sync isn't sufficient, and that to be really safe I ought to run /bin/sync twice in a row. That sounds like paranoia to me... Perhaps a habit from earlier versions of Linux or unix whose sync utility didn't work reliably. Does his advice have merit, or should one call to /bin/sync suffice?

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