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• Recommendation on remote access setup for accessing customer systems

  - by gregmac

  I'm looking for a product recommendation (open or commercial) that will allow remote access to customer sites for tech support purposes. We need to be able to gain access to help troubleshoot problems on servers. Currently end up using anything from RDP on public IP, to various VPNs that clients happen to have, to webex-type sessions that require lots of interaction from both sides to get things working. This often means a problem that could take 10 minutes to solve takes an extra 30+ minutes messing around trying to get a connection up. There are multiple customer sites, which should NOT have access to each other. At each site, there is anywhere from 1 to 8 servers (Windows 2003 or 2008) that need to be accessed. Support connection to machines even if they're behind a firewall/router with no public IP Be able to selectively allow/deny access from customer site. Customer site should not be able to connect outbound to anywhere else (our systems, or other customer sites) Support multiple users from our end If not a VPN connection (where RDP could be used over top), should support: Remote desktop access, including copy/paste File transfers Preferably would have some way to list all remote systems, showing online/offline. Anyone have any suggestions?

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• Iptables QUEUE Target and Snort

  - by bradlis7

  I'm trying to set up a firewall with support for snort, and it is dropping all of my packets when I add the QUEUE target. I've made it like this, but the QUEUE target is not allowing the packets to be processed any further: -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j QUEUE -A INPUT -j ACCEPT # It's not allowing anything past QUEUE, as you can see below in the count. > iptables -I INPUT -nv pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 6707 395K ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 933 138K QUEUE all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 I'm eventually going to change it to forward, but I'm just trying to get it working for now. I start snort like so: snort -Q -D -c /etc/snort/snort.conf EDIT: More Information When I run it, it still sees the packets without having an iptables QUEUE target rule, but when I add a QUEUE target, it starts losing all of my packets. # snort -Qc /etc/snort/snort.conf -N -A console Enabling inline operation Running in IDS mode --== Initializing Snort ==-- Initializing Output Plugins! Initializing Preprocessors! Initializing Plug-ins! Parsing Rules file "/etc/snort/snort.conf" ## === CUT === *** *** interface device lookup found: bond0 *** Initializing Network Interface bond0 Decoding Ethernet on interface bond0 ## === CUT === Not Using PCAP_FRAMES So, it says inline, but the it says it's using bond0. Inline should not require an interface, right?

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• Barriers to IPv6 deployment: addressing

  - by sysadmin1138

  There are several things that are keeping IPv6 deployment from being a topic of active discussion here at my work. There are the usual technical issues, but one non-technical one appears to be a major stumbling block on the path to actually getting a deployment project going. Addresses, memorizing of. Specifically, IPv4 addresses are comprehensible, and IPv6 addresses just look like a big long string of hex. The human mind has real trouble memorizing lists of more than 7-8 items, and an IPv4 address (192.168.231.148) has four items in it which makes it easy for us to memorize. A fully populated IPv6 address has not only 8 sections, but each section has 4 hex digits in it. IPv6 addresses were not designed for memorization. To the technician who knows that the DNS server is at 192.168.42.42 (or more likely "42.42", since the company prefix is likely memorized), the idea of memorizing an IPv6 address fills them with dread. Which in turn makes them much less enthusiastic about participating in an IPv6 deployment project. Because of how our network works we're not fully dynamic in terms of v4 addressing. We have several to many subnets that are entirely statically assigned for a variety of reasons, chief among them being that the overhead of static DHCP assignments is perceived as being too great. Also, some devices still aren't smart enough to pull DNS addresses out of DHCP while also having a static assignment, and therefore require manually configured DNS settings. Therefore, some v6 address memorization will have to be done. We're not under any mandate to get v6 out the door, so we don't have pressure from the top. However, it is time to start prepping our infrastructure to handle IPv6 even if we don't convert wholesale. For those of you who have been in IPv6-land for a while, what short-cut methods do you use to discuss or keep track of subnets and specific/critical IP addresses? If I can help reduce some of the dread surrounding IPv6 we might get the project going.

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• Puppet variables best practice, generalise or specialise?

  - by Andrei Serdeliuc

  I'm trying to figure out which things should be in git within the puppet manifest and which should be in env vars like FACTER_my_var and use that in the manifest instead. Scenario: you are deploying 3 php apps and you've already built all the layers up to the app in other manifests (base system, php extensions, users, etc), and all that's left is installing the correct app (from an apt repo) and creating a vhost. I'm tempted to have something along the lines of: apache::vhost { $::project_hostname: priority => '10', port => '80', docroot => $::project_document_root, logroot => "/var/log/apache2/${$::project_name}", serveradmin => '[email protected]', require => Package[httpd], ssl => false, override => 'all', setenv => ["APP_KERNEL dev"] } This would run on each server, and the FACTER_project_* vars would be set on a per server basis. An obvious restriction of this would be that you can't run more than one app with this specific example. Or would you rather have project_x.pp, project_y.pp which have hardcoded paths and names?

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• Timeout settings for Remote Desktop Sessions to lock

  - by atroon

  Our office uses a Windows 2003 server to provide access to an accounting application. Recently I was asked to increase the amount of time it takes for the session to lock itself and require the entry of the user's password to resume. That seems to be about ten minutes, at present. I am familiar with group policy and have tweaked those settings to scavenge sessions (and thereby licenses) from sessions that have been disconnected (by the user closing the mstsc.exe client or by a network issue). That's simple and straightforward. But I can't find anything in GP to allow a longer time period before the RDP client window goes black and then, when clicked upon, requires a username and password to resume the session. I must admit this would be nice personally as well, since most of my time is spent documenting the application and/or monitoring its database, so I usually have a window open to the terminal server along with the rest of the staff in the accounting center, but I interact with it very little. I usually enter my password 10-15 times per workday, but I'm pretty good at it by now. ;) So, can this timeout period be adjusted, or are we out of luck?

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• Do you really need cable management for a cabinet with just switches and patch panels?

  - by ObligatoryMoniker

  We are about to start wiring out a building expansion and our vendor has laid out the racks in the following configuration: Option 1 1U Fiber patch panel 2U Cable Manager 2U 48 port Patch Panel 2U Cable Manager 2U 48 port Patch Panel 2U Cable Manager 1U 48 port Switch 2U Cable Manager 1U 48 port Switch Total = 15U All the patch panels would be connected to the switches with 1ft+ cables fed through cable management. What I am considering instead is: Option 2 1U Fiber patch panel 1U 24 port Patch Panel 1U 48 port Switch 2U 48 port Patch Panel 1U 48 port Switch 2U 48 port Patch Panel Total = 8U All of the patch panels would be connected to the switches with .5 ft cables directly on their face with the top 24 ports of each switch patched to the patch panel above it and the bottom 24 ports of each switch patched to the patch panel beneath it which would not require any cable management. If I go with option 2 it save all of the space used by cable management and allows us to keep adding on switches and patch panels at the end without having to re-cable all of the patch panels above. Our vendor has indicated that this is not best practice and that .5ft cables will introduce cross talk. I could understand that being the case if we were connecting the .5 ft cable directly into another switch but we are connecting it to a patch panel that likely has another 150 ft cable run from the back of the patch panel out to the port in the building in which case the real resulting cable is 150.5 ft at minimum before even connecting it to a PC. It seems like it makes much more sense to go with option 2. It is easier to expand, saves space, and saves money on cabling and cable management. Does this kind of configuration make sense or is there a legitimate reason to choose Option 1 over Option 2?

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• How to install Predis

  - by user782860

  I am trying to install Predis, but keep getting a 500 Server errror. Here is what I have done. 1.) Have apache and php installed on Ubuntu Natty. 2.) Used the instructions on this page http://redis.io/download to download Redis. 3.) Ran the following example to confirm that Redis is working: $ src/redis-cli redis> set foo bar OK redis> get foo "bar" 4.) Have a local website at /home/user/Dropbox/documents/www/mywebsite.com/index.php and have confirmed that php is working. 5.) Downloaded the .zip version of Predis ( https://github.com/nrk/predis Version: v0.6.6-PHP5.2 ), and unzipped the contents to /home/user/Dropbox/documents/www/mywebsite.com/. So now Predis is here: /home/user/Dropbox/documents/www/mywebsite.com/nrk-predis-3bf1230/ 6.) Opened the /home/user/Dropbox/documents/www/mywebsite.com/index.php page. Here is its contents: <? define("PREDIS_BASE_PATH", "nrk-predis-3bf1230/lib/"); spl_autoload_register(function($class) { $file = PREDIS_BASE_PATH.strtr($class, '\\', '/').'.php'; if (file_exists($file)) { require $file; return true; } }); $redis = new Predis_Client(); $redis->set('foo', 'bar'); $value = $redis->get('foo'); ?> I have tried changing: $redis = new Predis_Client(); to: $redis = new Predis\Client(); Have tried changing the the PREDIS_BASE_PATH to: /nrk-predis-3bf1230/lib /home/user/Dropbox/documents/www/mywebsite.com/nrk-predis-3bf1230/lib/ /home/user/Dropbox/documents/www/mywebsite.com/nrk-predis-3bf1230/lib Have done a chmod +x on both: /home/user/Dropbox/documents/www/mywebsite.com/nrk-predis-3bf1230/ /home/user/Dropbox/documents/www/mywebsite.com And doing all of the above always results in a 500 server error. What am I doing wrong?

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• OpenVZ: Choosing right MySQL-Server depending on host

  - by Scheintod

  What I have: Two servers running Wheezy/OpenVZ with One MySQL container on each host master/master replicated (mysql1/mysql2) Replicated DNS on each host (dns1/dns2) different web-containers on each host but regulary backuped to the other. What I want: Each container should use the "local" MySQL-Server (the one which runs on the same hardware-node). I'd like to be able to move the web-containers between the to hosts. Each container should choose the MySQL-Server (semi) automatically. This scheme should continue working if one host is down. What I tried: Currently I'm keeping track on which container should run on which host by DNS entries which are queries by scripts e.g. for questions like: "Which container should be backuped on/to which host." For choosing the right MySQL server I have one extra entry like "mysql.container_abc" which resolves to either mysql1/mysql2. So in the applications in the container I can use "mysql.container_abc" for e.g. mysql_connect and if I want to move the container around I just need to change the dns. Now I notices one problem with this approach: Every mysql_connect generates one DNS query because the dns is not cached and this slows the request down unnecessarily. What I would like better: Some way of passing the information on which host we are running to the container and using it directly instead of using DNS. E.g. some way of setting a custom /etc/hosts entry in the container. Or any other great idea. Doesn't have to include DNS but shouldn't require to much special "magic" inside the container.

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• Custom Extensions on Managed Chromebooks

  - by user417669

  I am a developer looking for the best way to set up different schools with their own custom, private extensions (ie School A should be the only one with access to Extension A). Theoretically, I am aware that there are a few ways to get a custom, private extension pushed out on a domain: Host the .crx on a server and click "Specify a Custom App" in the management console. Create a Domain App by uploading a zip to the Chrome Web Store Upload the extension from my developer account to the Chrome Web Store and publish to a single "trusted tester," or make it unlisted Option (1), hosting the .crx, has not been working. I am not sure why, but the extension is simply not pushing out. I link directly to the crx file, which has the right ID and MIME type, still, no dice. If anyone has any tips or suggestions for getting this to work, I would love to hear them! Option (2), having the school create a domain app, seems a bit inefficient because it requires all schools to upload their own zip. So essentially I would have to email a zip file to the school, and have them publish it. All updates to the extension will also require a similar process, so this doesn't seem ideal. I doubt that option (3) would work. If I published to the admin as a "trusted tester", I don't think that the other people in the domain would be able to access it. If it is unlisted, I do not know how an admin could find it in the Chrome Web Store dialog. Also, I would rather avoid security through obscurity. Has anyone had success with hosting the extension and using the Specify a Custom App feature? Any other suggestions for getting a Custom Extension pushed out by the management console? Thanks so much!

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• Unable to get ejabberd prebind to work

  - by cdecker

  I'm trying to get the prebind of BOSH sessions to work. I want to be able to authenticate a user in my CMS and then log him in when he accesses the chat, for this I found https://github.com/smokeclouds/http_prebind, it all works find and I was able to compile it with the following steps: rake configure sed -i 's/AUTH_USER/a_user/g' src/http_prebind.erl sed -i 's/AUTH_PASSWORD/a_password/g' src/http_prebind.erl sed -i 's/EJABBERD_DOMAIN/jabber.my.tld/g' src/http_prebind.erl rake build rake install And then adding the http request bindings to the configuration: {5280, ejabberd_http, [ {request_handlers, [ {["http-prebind"], http_prebind} ]}, %%captcha, http_bind, http_poll, http_prebind, web_admin ]} ]}. As far as I understand it I should now be able to simply request a new session like this: curl -u a_user:a_password http://jabber.my.tld:5280/http-prebind/some_user But no matter what I always get Unauthorized as response. Any idea about this one? PS: I also tried Mod-Http-Pre-Bind, but as it does not require a password I would prefer to use http_prebind. PPS: Does the user with username AUTH_USER and password AUTH_PASSWORD actually have to exist? I'm currently using an admin account.

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• First web server questions

  - by Graeme

  Hi there, Just looking for some help/suggestions with this. I require my own server for an upcoming project that will be hosting users websites. I want to build a control panel the user can log into and modify their website which will be stored elsewhere on the server. This all seems easy enough, It's just managing domains and emails that confuse me. What should I look for to manage domain names and point them to the correct website and also what would be the best way to manage email accounts/set up new ones etc. I want to avoid cPanel/WHM if possible, I'm looking to control most things through the control panel I will be building. So any suggestions on this would be useful as well, as I will be wanting to add email accounts through php (Can be done using a shell I assume?). I will also be wanting to measure bandwidth used on the websites contained in each users directory, any suggestions on making this possible? I'm really looking for some suggestions on what software to use to set this up, any advice would be really helpful! Thanks, Graeme

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• Preventing h/w RAID cards from dropping slow JBOD disks

  - by Kevin

  I'm considering buying a used SAS h/w RAID card for externally attaching HDDs to an HP ProLiant I'm setting up. However, I only require RAID functionality on some of the drives. Theoretically it should be simple to JBOD the other drives, but some of them are inexpensive SATA disks and probably cannot have TLER disabled. I'd like to know, prior to actually ordering a RAID card, whether typically RAID cards would still enforce dropping of disks that do not respond within a few seconds, even if the disk is in a JBOD, and whether there is any way to disable this. Ideally it would be nice to be able to select certain SAS ports that will be pass-through, bypassing the RAID engine entirely and just acting as an HBA for those ports. I know I could buy a separate SAS HBA but that seems like a waste of $ and is also impractical as it's a 1U server so space is extremely limited. My question then is whether the functionality I'm looking for (pass-through on certain ports or at least JBOD drives not getting themselves dropped due to slow response) is typical of proper h/w RAID cards such as PERC 5/E etc. I've browsed through the latter's manual but unfortunately, as with most user manuals, it states the obvious and doesn't state the unobvious. Thanks for any info, Kevin

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• When I try to access a website without www I get access denied.

  - by madphp

  I have an apache web server on a debian machine. I'm using virtualmin to administer virtual hosts. I have two sites on this server right now, when I try to access one site without the www in the URL I get an access denied. The other site is fine. The site with the problem is a cakephp app and has the following .htaccess file in the public_html folder. <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^$ app/webroot/ [L] RewriteRule (.*) app/webroot/$1 [L] </IfModule> Below is the directives for the problem domain. SuexecUserGroup "#1001" "#1001" ServerName mydomain.net ServerAlias www.mydomain.net ServerAlias webmail.mydomain.net ServerAlias admin.mydomain.net DocumentRoot /home/mydomain/public_html ErrorLog /var/log/virtualmin/mydomain.net_error_log CustomLog /var/log/virtualmin/mydomain.net_access_log combined ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/mydomain/cgi-bin/ ScriptAlias /awstats/ /home/mydomain/cgi-bin/ DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php index.php4 index.php5 <Directory /home/mydomain/public_html> Options -Indexes +IncludesNOEXEC +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI allow from all AllowOverride All AddHandler fcgid-script .php AddHandler fcgid-script .php5 FCGIWrapper /home/mydomain/fcgi-bin/php5.fcgi .php FCGIWrapper /home/mydomain/fcgi-bin/php5.fcgi .php5 </Directory> <Directory /home/mydomain/cgi-bin> allow from all </Directory> RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =webmail.mydomain.net RewriteRule ^(.*) https://mydomain.net:20000/ [R] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =admin.mydomain.net RewriteRule ^(.*) https://mydomain.net:10000/ [R] RemoveHandler .php RemoveHandler .php5 IPCCommTimeout 31 <Files awstats.pl> AuthName "mydomain.net statistics" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/mydomain/.awstats-htpasswd require valid-user </Files>

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• Update a bootable OS X drive clone with rsync?

  - by Joe

  The question: is it possible to keep a boot-able backup drive clone of OS X updated with rsync? If rsync is not a viable option are there alternatives? The Setup: My situation is as shown above. One internal Samsung 840 SSD [120g] in use as my OS X 10.8 boot disk on a recent model Mac Mini. I have successfully cloned that drive with disk utility to a 125g partition of another HDD in an external USB 3 enclosure and at that point I am able to boot to it. The Goal: As my last system went out in a fiery blaze taking much valuable data with it, I have a new respect for a proper backup solution and really want to do this right. My goal is to achieve an automated differential backup/update from Disk A to Disk B while most importantly maintaining boot-ability on the external drive. And I would prefer to do this differentially to minimize stress on the drives. Hence rsync was the first thing to come to mind. What I have tried: following along with Jamie Zawinski's differential mac bootable backup solution running this manually initially worked - i tested it with only very miniscule file change and everything was fine / external booted and all. now after subsequent passes rsync fails throwing errors particularly relating to updating 'boot.efi' (not at the machine currently I will update the precise log message once I return home) is this a drive partition size issue? does rsync require more space? if it cant be done, are there any alternatives? i've heard whispers of dd

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• Varnish, Nginx, Apache, APC, Meteor, Cpanel & Wordpress On A Single Server, Any Good?

  - by Aahan

  Yes, I have read many close questions, but I needed a specific answer and hence this question. First, these are my new server specifications: Linux Server (CentOS), Intel Xeon 3470 Quad Core (2.93GHz x 4) processor, 4 GB DDR3 Memory, 1TB Hard Disk Space, 10 TB Bandwidth and 9 Dedicated IPs. AIM: To speed up my wordpress blog + Increase server's capacity to handle heavy load PLAN: This is how I am planning to setup my server - - VARNISH (in the front, to cache server responses) NGINX (to effectively handle static content & overcome the C10k problem) APACHE (behind Nginx, to effectively deliver dynamic content) APC (PHP page, database & object caching) CPANEL (which requires Apache, and I require it) WORDPRESS W3 TOTAL CACHE (caching plugin for Wordpress). So , will the setup work? Have anyone tried it? Please shower your thoughts and knowledge. NOTE: I can't do without Apache because I am used to that .htaccess & Cpanel stuff. So, it's not any option. All others are options. Please try to help. I hope I am clear in what I wanted to ask.

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• Forcing users to change password on first login - Windows Server 2008 R2 Remote Desktop Services

  - by George Durzi

  I'm setting up a demo lab environment in which each demo lab user is assigned 4 accounts to use in the lab. Users access the lab via Remote Desktop to the "client" machine in the lab - exposed at demolab.mydomain.com. The Client machine is a Windows 2008 Server R2 Enterprise Edition server The Remote Desktop Services role is configured on this server Remote Connection settings are configured to allow users to connect with any version of the Remote Desktop Client All accounts are members of the local Administrators and Remote Desktop Users groups All accounts are configured to be forced to change the default password after first login The user is instructed to remote into the lab with an account designated as their main account, and establish 3 more remote desktop sessions within the lab using their 3 other assigned demo lab accounts. When establishing the initial remote desktop connection to the lab using their main account, the user sees the change password dialog as expected. However, after logging in and trying to establish remote desktop connections to the server with their three other accounts, they are prompted that they need to change the password after logging in but can't continue with the login process - they don't see the expected change password experience. After logging in with a primary accounts, it doesn't make a difference if I try establishing a Remote Desktop connection to the environment using the name of the server, e.g. Client, or demolab.mydomain.com. I experimented with changing the settings for Remote Connections to require NLA but that didn't make a different. Appreciate any tips. Thanks

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• Is there a limit setting a php_admin_value in php-fpm?

  - by PeeHaa

  I am trying to set a large value in the configuration of a pool in php-fpm, but at some point it just doesn't start anymore. php_admin_value[disable_functions] = dl,exec,passthru,shell_exec,system,proc_open,popen,curl_exec,curl_multi_exec,parse_ini_file,show_source,pcntl_exec,include,include_once,require,require_once,posix_mkfifo,posix_getlogin,posix_ttyname,getenv,get_current_use,proc_get_status,get_cfg_va,disk_free_space,disk_total_space,diskfreespace,getcwd,getlastmo,getmygid,getmyinode,getmypid,getmyuid,ini_set,mail,proc_nice,proc_terminate,proc_close,pfsockopen,fsockopen,apache_child_terminate,posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,fopen,tmpfile,bzopen,gzopen,chgrp,chmod,chown,copy,file_put_contents,lchgrp,lchown,link,mkdi,move_uploaded_file,rename,rmdi,symlink,tempnam,touch,unlink,iptcembed,ftp_get,ftp_nb_get,file_exists,file_get_contents,file,fileatime,filectime,filegroup,fileinode,filemtime,fileowne,fileperms,filesize,filetype,glob,is_di,is_executable,is_file,is_link,is_readable,is_uploaded_file,is_writable,is_writeable,linkinfo,lstat,parse_ini_file,pathinfo,readfile,readlink,realpath,stat,gzfile,create_function When trying to restart php-fpm it fails with the following message: Stopping php-fpm: [ OK ] Starting php-fpm: [20-Oct-2013 22:31:52] ERROR: [/etc/php-fpm.d/codepad.conf:235] value is NULL for a ZEND_INI_PARSER_ENTRY [20-Oct-2013 22:31:52] ERROR: Unable to include /etc/php-fpm.d/codepad.conf from /etc/php-fpm.conf at line 235 [20-Oct-2013 22:31:52] ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/etc/php-fpm.conf' [20-Oct-2013 22:31:52] ERROR: FPM initialization failed [FAILED] When I remove the last disabled function (create_function) it start again. I also tried with other functions, but this gives the same error so it's not related to the create_function function. The string currently is just over 1KB in size so it looks like I have hit a limit here? Is my assumption correct? Is there a way to overcome this limit? I also tried to add another php_admin_value[disable_functions] underneath it (hoping it would be appended), but that didn't work (it just used the first one).

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• Mechanism behind user forwarding in ScriptAliasMatch

  - by jolivier

  I am following this tutorial to setup gitolite and at some point the following ScriptAliasMatch is used: ScriptAliasMatch \ "(?x)^/(.*/(HEAD | \ info/refs | \ objects/(info/[^/]+ | \ [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \ pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \ git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \ /var/www/bin/gitolite-suexec-wrapper.sh/$1 And the target script starts with USER=$1 So I am guessing this is used to forward the user name from apache to the suexec script (which indeed requires it). But I cannot see how this is done. The ScriptAliasMatch documentation makes me think that the /$1 will be replaced by the first matching group of the regexp before it. For me it captures from (?x)^/(.* to ))$ so there is nothing about a user here. My underlying problem is that USER is empty in my script so I get no authorizations in gitolite. I give my username to apache via a basic authentication: <Location /> # Crowd auth AuthType Basic AuthName "Git repositories" ... Require valid-user </Location> defined just under the previous ScriptAliasMatch. So I am really wondering how this is supposed to work and what part of the mechanism I missed so that I don't retrieve the user in my script.

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• rhel configure: limit root direct login to systems except through system consoles

  - by zhaojing

  I have to configure to limit root direct access except system consoles. That is, the ways of telnet, ftp, SSH are all prohibited. Root can only login through console. I understand that will require me to configure the file /etc/securetty. I have to comment all the tty, just keep "console" in /etc/securetty. But from google, I found many peoples said that configure /etc/securetty will not limit the way of SSH login. From my experiment, I found it is. (configure /etc/securetty won't limit SSH login). And I add one line in /etc/pam.d/system-auth: auth required pam_securetty It seems root SSH login can be prohibited. But I can't find the reason: What is the difference of configure pam_securetty and /etc/securetty? Can anyone help me with this? Only configure /etc/securetty could work? Or Have I to configure pam_securetty at the same time? Thanks a lot!

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• is ksplice production ready?

  - by faultyserver

  I would be interested to hear the serverfault community's experiences with Ksplice in production. Quick blurb from wikipedia: Ksplice is a free and open source extension of the Linux kernel which allows system administrators to apply security patches to a running kernel without having to reboot the operating system. and Ksplice can, without restarting the kernel, apply any source code patch that only needs to modify the kernel code. Unlike other hot update systems, Ksplice takes as input only a unified diff and the original kernel source code, and it updates the running kernel correctly, with no further human assistance required. Additionally, taking advantage of Ksplice does not require any preparation before the system is originally booted (the running kernel does not need to have been specially compiled, for example). In order to generate an update, Ksplice must determine what code within the kernel has been changed by the source code patch. So a few questions: How has the stability been? any odd issues that you have encountered with its 'rebootless live patching' of the kernel? Kernel panics or horror stories? I have been running it on a few test systems and so far its been working as advertised, but I am interested in what other sysadmins experiences have been with Ksplice before going 'all in' and deploying this on our production servers. So, anybody using Kspice in production? update: hmm, not seeing any real activity on this question after a couple of hours (besides some kind upvotes and favs). Maybe to spark some activity I'll also ask a few more questions and see if we can get this discussion going... "If you are aware of Ksplice, is there a reason you are not using it?" "Do you feel its still too bleeding edge, unproven or untested?" "Does Ksplice not fit well within your current patch-management system?" "Do you hate having systems that have long (and secure) uptimes?" ;-)

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• One Apache VirtualHost entry overrides another?

  - by johnlai2004

  I can't tell why one apache virtual host entry keeps overriding another. The following file // filename: cbl <VirtualHost 74.207.237.23:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName completebeautylist.com ServerAlias www.completebeautylist.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/cbl/production/public_html/ ErrorLog /srv/www/cbl/production/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/cbl/production/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost> keeps overriding this file // filename: theccco.org <VirtualHost 74.207.237.23:80> SuexecUserGroup "#1010" "#1010" ServerName theccco.org ServerAlias www.theccco.org ServerAlias webmail.theccco.org ServerAlias admin.theccco.org DocumentRoot /home/theccco/public_html ErrorLog /var/log/virtualmin/theccco.org_error_log CustomLog /var/log/virtualmin/theccco.org_access_log combined ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/theccco/cgi-bin/ DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php index.php4 index.php5 <Directory /home/theccco/public_html> Options -Indexes +IncludesNOEXEC +FollowSymLinks allow from all AllowOverride All </Directory> <Directory /home/theccco/cgi-bin> allow from all </Directory> RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =webmail.theccco.org RewriteRule ^(.*) https://theccco.org:20000/ [R] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =admin.theccco.org RewriteRule ^(.*) https://theccco.org:10000/ [R] Alias /dav /home/theccco/public_html <Location /dav> DAV On AuthType Basic AuthName theccco.org AuthUserFile /home/theccco/etc/dav.digest.passwd Require valid-user ForceType text/plain Satisfy All RewriteEngine off </Location> </VirtualHost> I tried a2ensite, a2dissite, and reloading I get this message * Reloading web server config apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [Thu Apr 15 10:47:36 2010] [warn] NameVirtualHost 74.207.237.23:443 has no VirtualHosts Aside from that, I don't know what else could be wrong. Can anyone tell me what to do?

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• How can I implement ansible with per-host passwords, securely?

  - by supervacuo

  I would like to use ansible to manage a group of existing servers. I have created an ansible_hosts file, and tested successfully (with the -K option) with commands that only target a single host ansible -i ansible_hosts host1 --sudo -K # + commands ... My problem now is that the user passwords on each host are different, but I can't find a way of handling this in Ansible. Using -K, I am only prompted for a single sudo password up-front, which then seems to be tried for all subsequent hosts without prompting: host1 | ... host2 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host3 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host4 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host5 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password Research so far: a StackOverflow question with one incorrect answer ("use -K") and one response by the author saying "Found out I needed passwordless sudo" the Ansible docs, which say "Use of passwordless sudo makes things easier to automate, but it’s not required." (emphasis mine) this security StackExchange question which takes it as read that NOPASSWD is required article "Scalable and Understandable Provisioning..." which says: "running sudo may require typing a password, which is a sure way of blocking Ansible forever. A simple fix is to run visudo on the target host, and make sure that the user Ansible will use to login does not have to type a password" article "Basic Ansible Playbooks", which says "Ansible could log into the target server as root and avoid the need for sudo, or let the ansible user have sudo without a password, but the thought of doing either makes my spleen threaten to leap up my gullet and block my windpipe, so I don’t" My thoughts exactly, but then how to extend beyond a single server? ansible issue #1227, "Ansible should ask for sudo password for all users in a playbook", which was closed a year ago by mpdehaan with the comment "Haven't seen much demand for this, I think most people are sudoing from only one user account or using keys most of the time." So... how are people using Ansible in situations like these? Setting NOPASSWD in /etc/sudoers, reusing password across hosts or enabling root SSH login all seem rather drastic reductions in security.

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• Picking a degree path...

  - by Chris

  I'll be going to University of South Florida soon, and have to choose between two degrees, I want to head into general Server (IT) administration for a small / medium business. Setting up computers, imaging, managing file servers / logon servers /etc. * I had to change the http to hxxp in order to post. I have two degrees I'm currently choosing between: - BSAS hxxp://www.poly.usf.edu/Academics/AppliedAS/BSAS-IT/Program_of_Study.html - BSIT hxxp://www.poly.usf.edu/IT/ I like the idea of a BSAS because it'll get me out sooner, and then I can work on a few certifications to "match" the BSIT... I'm just worried companies will look at that as a "lesser" degree to a BSIT (or even a CS degree.) What are your guys' thoughts on these two degrees? The BSIT has more math, which I still have about 2 more classes to go through (I'll be heading to USF this August.) while the BSIT doesn't require those 2 extra math classes. I keep on hearing from people that when they hire you for your first job, they don't care which degree you have, as long as it's relevant and it's a 4-year degree, is this true?

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• how could application installations/configurations be easier in linux?

  - by ajsie

  although you can do anything in linux it tends to require a lot of tweaking in config files and reading a lot of manuals/tutorials before you can have it running in your way. i know that it gets a lot easier by time, and the apt-get installations with ubuntu/debian is heading the right way. but how can linux be more userfriendly for us in the future? i thought that if more is automated like an IDE environment, eg. typing svn will give us all the commands and description about each command when you move between commands with your keyboard. that would be great. but that's just one example. another is the navigation in the terminal between folders. now you have to type a lot just to jump from/to different folders. would be great with some more automatization here too. i know that these extra features will slow down the server, but its 2010 now, and these features are not that heavy for the cpu, but makes it more userfriendly and encourage maintainance of a server, not frighten u off. what do you think about this? should/could we have more user friendly linux environment in servers, something that has annoyed you a lot? a lot of things are done in the unix way, but maybe we should reinvent the wheel in some areas, cause apparently, its so...repeatingly today and difficult to do easy tasks. it should be easier i think..

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• Scaling databases with cheap SSD hard drives

  - by Dennis Kashkin

  Hey guys! I hope that many of you are working with high traffic database-driven websites, and chances are that your main scalability issues are in the database. I noticed a couple of things lately: Most large databases require a team of DBAs in order to scale. They constantly struggle with limitations of hard drives and end up with very expensive solutions (SANs or large RAIDs, frequent maintenance windows for defragging and repartitioning, etc.) The actual annual cost of maintaining such databases is in $100K-$1M range which is too steep for me :) Finally, we got several companies like Intel, Samsung, FusionIO, etc. that just started selling extremely fast yet affordable SSD hard drives based on SLC Flash technology. These drives are 100 times faster in random read/writes than the best spinning hard drives on the market (up to 50,000 random writes per second). Their seek time is pretty much zero, so the cost of random I/O is the same as sequential I/O, which is awesome for databases. These SSD drives cost around $10-$20 per gigabyte, and they are relatively small (64GB). So, there seems to be an opportunity to avoid the HUGE costs of scaling databases the traditional way by simply building a big enough RAID 5 array of SSD drives (which would cost only a few thousand dollars). Then we don't care if the database file is fragmented, and we can afford 100 times more disk writes per second without having to spread the database across 100 spindles. . Is anybody else interested in this? I've been testing a few SSD drives and can share my results. If anybody on this site has already solved their I/O bottleneck with SSDs, I would love to hear your war stories! PS. I know that there are plenty of expensive solutions out there that help with scalability, for example the time proven RAM-based SANs. I want to be clear that even $50K is too expensive for my project. I have to find a solution that costs no more than $10K and does not take much time to implement.

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