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  • What languages have a while-else type control structure, and how does it work?

    - by Dan
    A long time ago, I thought I saw a proposal to add an else clause to for or while loops in C or C++... or something like that. I don't remember how it was supposed to work -- did the else clause run if the loop exited normally but not via a break statement? Anyway, this is tough to search for, so I thought maybe I could get some CW answers here for various languages. What languages support adding an else clause to something other than an if statement? What is the meaning of that clause? One language per answer please.

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  • Why do static Create methods exist?

    - by GeReV
    I was wondering, why do static Create methods exist? For instance, why use this code: System.Xml.XmlReader reader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(inputUri); over this code: System.Xml.XmlReader reader = new System.Xml.XmlReader(inputUri); I cannot find the rationale for using one over the other, and can't find any relation between classes who use this construct over the other. Can anyone shed some light on this?

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  • Code bacteria: evolving mathematical behavior

    - by Stefano Borini
    It would not be my intention to put a link on my blog, but I don't have any other method to clarify what I really mean. The article is quite long, and it's in three parts (1,2,3), but if you are curious, it's worth the reading. A long time ago (5 years, at least) I programmed a python program which generated "mathematical bacteria". These bacteria are python objects with a simple opcode-based genetic code. You can feed them with a number and they return a number, according to the execution of their code. I generate their genetic codes at random, and apply an environmental selection to those objects producing a result similar to a predefined expected value. Then I let them duplicate, introduce mutations, and evolve them. The result is quite interesting, as their genetic code basically learns how to solve simple equations, even for values different for the training dataset. Now, this thing is just a toy. I had time to waste and I wanted to satisfy my curiosity. however, I assume that something, in terms of research, has been made... I am reinventing the wheel here, I hope. Are you aware of more serious attempts at creating in-silico bacteria like the one I programmed? Please note that this is not really "genetic algorithms". Genetic algorithms is when you use evolution/selection to improve a vector of parameters against a given scoring function. This is kind of different. I optimize the code, not the parameters, against a given scoring function.

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  • help me to my project [closed]

    - by latha
    hi. plz tel me to how to collect data for my project. as my projct relate to "sustainable urban infrastructure" so help me that what what data should i put to my project.i dont had any idea that how to do vit data analysis .so please direct me .

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  • How to sort a list in Scala by two fields?

    - by Twistleton
    how to sort a list in Scala by two fields, in this example I will sort by lastName and firstName? case class Row(var firstName: String, var lastName: String, var city: String) var rows = List(new Row("Oscar", "Wilde", "London"), new Row("Otto", "Swift", "Berlin"), new Row("Carl", "Swift", "Paris"), new Row("Hans", "Swift", "Dublin"), new Row("Hugo", "Swift", "Sligo")) rows.sortBy(_.lastName) I try things like this rows.sortBy(_.lastName + _.firstName) but it doesn't work. So I be curious for a good and easy solution. Thanks in advance! Pongo

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  • What is a great tool for remote pair development?

    - by Haim Bender
    I'm looking for something like VNC, but with some extra features: The server should send only the part of the screen the client is looking at. It would be great if we could have 2 mice on the client's desktop. Or at least if the client could point to somthing without interrupting the server's mouse. A shared whiteboard would be great. Some extra notes: My friend lives far away, and we are using WinXP.

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  • How to find minimum weight with maximum cost in 0-1 Knapsack algorithm?

    - by Nitin9791
    I am trying to solve a spoj problem Party Schedule the problem statement is- You just received another bill which you cannot pay because you lack the money. Unfortunately, this is not the first time to happen, and now you decide to investigate the cause of your constant monetary shortness. The reason is quite obvious: the lion's share of your money routinely disappears at the entrance of party localities. You make up your mind to solve the problem where it arises, namely at the parties themselves. You introduce a limit for your party budget and try to have the most possible fun with regard to this limit. You inquire beforehand about the entrance fee to each party and estimate how much fun you might have there. The list is readily compiled, but how do you actually pick the parties that give you the most fun and do not exceed your budget? Write a program which finds this optimal set of parties that offer the most fun. Keep in mind that your budget need not necessarily be reached exactly. Achieve the highest possible fun level, and do not spend more money than is absolutely necessary. Input The first line of the input specifies your party budget and the number n of parties. The following n lines contain two numbers each. The first number indicates the entrance fee of each party. Parties cost between 5 and 25 francs. The second number indicates the amount of fun of each party, given as an integer number ranging from 0 to 10. The budget will not exceed 500 and there will be at most 100 parties. All numbers are separated by a single space. There are many test cases. Input ends with 0 0. Output For each test case your program must output the sum of the entrance fees and the sum of all fun values of an optimal solution. Both numbers must be separated by a single space. Example Sample input: 50 10 12 3 15 8 16 9 16 6 10 2 21 9 18 4 12 4 17 8 18 9 50 10 13 8 19 10 16 8 12 9 10 2 12 8 13 5 15 5 11 7 16 2 0 0 Sample output: 49 26 48 32 now I know that it is an advance version of 0/1 knapsack problem where along with maximum cost we also have to find minimum weight that is less than a a given weight and have maximum cost. so I have used dp to solve this problem but still get a wrong awnser on submission while it is perfectly fine with given test cases. My code is typedef vector<int> vi; #define pb push_back #define FOR(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++) int main() { //freopen("input.txt","r",stdin); while(1) { int W,n; cin>>W>>n; if(W==0 && n==0) break; int K[n+1][W+1]; vi val,wt; FOR(i,n) { int x,y; cin>>x>>y; wt.pb(x); val.pb(y); } FOR(i,n+1) { FOR(w,W+1) { if(i==0 || w==0) { K[i][w]=0; } else if (wt[i-1] <= w) { if(val[i-1] + K[i-1][w-wt[i-1]]>=K[i-1][w]) { K[i][w]=val[i-1] + K[i-1][w-wt[i-1]]; } else { K[i][w]=K[i-1][w]; } } else { K[i][w] = K[i-1][w]; } } } int a1=K[n][W],a2; for(int j=0;j<W;j++) { if(K[n][j]==a1) { a2=j; break; } } cout<<a2<<" "<<a1<<"\n"; } return 0; } Could anyone suggest what am I missing??

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  • how to access class and its functions from another class

    - by vbNewbie
    This is my first major application using multiple classes. It is written in vb and I know about creating objects of the class and using that instance to call functions of the class. But how do I create an object with constructors to allow another program written in C# to access my classes and functions and accept things from the program. Hope this makes sense.

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  • Inform me when site (server) is online again

    - by dede
    When I ping one site it returns "Request timed out". I want to make little program that will inform me (sound beep or something like that) when this server is online again. No matter in which language. I think it should be very simple script with a several lines of code. So how to write it?

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  • Consuming Web Services in Netbeans

    - by Seven
    Hi. I've setup a project in Netbeans 6.5 with some web services that I've created myself and some web services that I've imported from WSDL files. I've setup a couple of desktop application through Netbeans in order to consume these web services. I'm not too sure where to go from here. I have the GUI setup but not sure how to reference the web services so they can be consumed. I was wondering would anybody be able to guide me through this process or point me in the direction of a relevant tutorial. I'd also like to learn how to consume a web service through a JSP (also created in Netbeans) if possible. Thanks.

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  • Using different languages in one project

    - by Tarbal
    I recently heard about the use of several different languages in a (big) project, I also read about famous services such as Twitter using Rails as frontend, mixed with some other languages, and Scala I think it was as backend. Is this common practice? Who does that? I'm sure there are disadvantages to this. I think that you will have problems with the different interpreters/compilers and seamlessly connecting the different languages. Is this true? Why is this actually done? For performance?

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  • What challenges are there in making an iPhone IDE for Windows/Linux?

    - by Moshe
    First of all, is this possible? If so: What challenges would I encounter in making an XCode imitation for iPhone/iPod development for Windows or Linux? I was thinking about using gcc as the actual compiler for the objecitve-c. Will that work? It doesn't need to compile to iPhone OS until it is to be tested on the device or submitted to the app store. Perhaps it will be easier to compile to the local OS format (Windows or Linux) until "prime-time".

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  • Evaluating a function at a particular value in parallel

    - by Gaurav Kalra
    Hi. The question may seem vague, but let me explain it. Suppose we have a function f(x,y,z ....) and we need to find its value at the point (x1,y1,z1 .....). The most trivial approach is to just replace (x,y,z ...) with (x1,y1,z1 .....). Now suppose that the function is taking a lot of time in evaluation and I want to parallelize the algorithm to evaluate it. Obviously it will depend on the nature of function, too. So my question is: what are the constraints that I have to look for while "thinking" to parallelize f(x,y,z...)? If possible, please share links to study.

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  • how to maintain multiple components for multiple client for multiple features?

    - by Dhana
    Basically my project is product based. Once we developed a project and catch the multiple client and deploy the application based on their needs. But We decided to put the new features and project dependent modules are as component. Now my application got many number of customer. Every customer needs a different features based on the component. But we have centralized component for all client . we move the components additional feature to client specific folder and deploy. My problem is , I am unable maintain the components features for multiple client. My component feature code is increased and I am unable to track the client features. Is there any solution for maintaining the multiple component features for multiple client ?

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  • Reverse rendering of Urdu fonts

    - by Syed Muhammad Umair
    I am working on a project that is based on Urdu language in Ubuntu platform. I'm using Python language and have almost achieved my task. The problem is that, the Urdu text is rendered in reverse order. For example, consider the word ??? (which means work) consisting of the three letters: ? , ? , and ? The output is rendered in reverse order as ??? consisting of the three letters: ?, ?, and ? When copying this text to Open Office or opening the generated XML file in Firefox, the generated result is absolutely desired. I Am using Python 2.6 IDLE, its working perfect with Windows platform, which clearly shows its not the problem of IDLE. Am working on TKINTER GUI library. How can this problem be solved?

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  • Beginner question: What is binding?

    - by JDelage
    Hi, I was trying to understand the difference between early and late binding, and in the process realized that the concept of binding is nebulous to me. I think I understand that it relates to the way data-as-a-word-of-memory is linked to type-as-a-set-of-language-features but I am not sure those are the right concepts. Also, how does understanding this deeply help people become better programmers? Please note: This question is not "what is late v. early binding" or "what are the trade-offs between the 2". Those already exist here. Thanks, JDelage

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  • More FP-correct way to create an update sql query

    - by James Black
    I am working on access a database using F# and my initial attempt at creating a function to create the update query is flawed. let BuildUserUpdateQuery (oldUser:UserType) (newUser:UserType) = let buf = new System.Text.StringBuilder("UPDATE users SET "); if (oldUser.FirstName.Equals(newUser.FirstName) = false) then buf.Append("SET first_name='").Append(newUser.FirstName).Append("'" ) |> ignore if (oldUser.LastName.Equals(newUser.LastName) = false) then buf.Append("SET last_name='").Append(newUser.LastName).Append("'" ) |> ignore if (oldUser.UserName.Equals(newUser.UserName) = false) then buf.Append("SET username='").Append(newUser.UserName).Append("'" ) |> ignore buf.Append(" WHERE id=").Append(newUser.Id).ToString() This doesn't properly put a , between any update parts after the first, for example: UPDATE users SET first_name='Firstname', last_name='lastname' WHERE id=... I could put in a mutable variable to keep track when the first part of the set clause is appended, but that seems wrong. I could just create an list of tuples, where each tuple is oldtext, newtext, columnname, so that I could then loop through the list and build up the query, but it seems that I should be passing in a StringBuilder to a recursive function, returning back a boolean which is then passed as a parameter to the recursive function. Does this seem to be the best approach, or is there a better one?

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  • Ruby: intelligent patch/update

    - by Shyam
    Hi, After being blown away by the greatness of irb and rails console, I am loving the dynamical parts of the language more and more. Now, I wonder if it would be possible for a Ruby application to update itself on-the-fly (if the write permission allows it). Can a Ruby application fetch an update and refresh itself? I have seen this functionality a lot in Apple applications and I know updates and fixes are something you must anticipate for when deploying an application. Thank you for your feedback, comments and answers!

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  • parallelizing code using openmp

    - by anubhav
    Hi, The function below contains nested for loops. There are 3 of them. I have given the whole function below for easy understanding. I want to parallelize the code in the innermost for loop as it takes maximum CPU time. Then i can think about outer 2 for loops. I can see dependencies and internal inline functions in the innermost for loop . Can the innermost for loop be rewritten to enable parallelization using openmp pragmas. Please tell how. I am writing just the loop which i am interested in first and then the full function where this loop exists for referance. Interested in parallelizing the loop mentioned below. //* LOOP WHICH I WANT TO PARALLELIZE *// for (y = 0; y < 4; y++) { refptr = PelYline_11 (ref_pic, abs_y++, abs_x, img_height, img_width); LineSadBlk0 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk0 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk0 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk0 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk1 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk1 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk1 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk1 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk2 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk2 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk2 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk2 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk3 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk3 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk3 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk3 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; } The full function where this loop exists is below for referance. /*! *********************************************************************** * \brief * Setup the fast search for an macroblock *********************************************************************** */ void SetupFastFullPelSearch (short ref, int list) // <-- reference frame parameter, list0 or 1 { short pmv[2]; pel_t orig_blocks[256], *orgptr=orig_blocks, *refptr, *tem; // created pointer tem int offset_x, offset_y, x, y, range_partly_outside, ref_x, ref_y, pos, abs_x, abs_y, bindex, blky; int LineSadBlk0, LineSadBlk1, LineSadBlk2, LineSadBlk3; int max_width, max_height; int img_width, img_height; StorablePicture *ref_picture; pel_t *ref_pic; int** block_sad = BlockSAD[list][ref][7]; int search_range = max_search_range[list][ref]; int max_pos = (2*search_range+1) * (2*search_range+1); int list_offset = ((img->MbaffFrameFlag)&&(img->mb_data[img->current_mb_nr].mb_field))? img->current_mb_nr%2 ? 4 : 2 : 0; int apply_weights = ( (active_pps->weighted_pred_flag && (img->type == P_SLICE || img->type == SP_SLICE)) || (active_pps->weighted_bipred_idc && (img->type == B_SLICE))); ref_picture = listX[list+list_offset][ref]; //===== Use weighted Reference for ME ==== if (apply_weights && input->UseWeightedReferenceME) ref_pic = ref_picture->imgY_11_w; else ref_pic = ref_picture->imgY_11; max_width = ref_picture->size_x - 17; max_height = ref_picture->size_y - 17; img_width = ref_picture->size_x; img_height = ref_picture->size_y; //===== get search center: predictor of 16x16 block ===== SetMotionVectorPredictor (pmv, enc_picture->ref_idx, enc_picture->mv, ref, list, 0, 0, 16, 16); search_center_x[list][ref] = pmv[0] / 4; search_center_y[list][ref] = pmv[1] / 4; if (!input->rdopt) { //--- correct center so that (0,0) vector is inside --- search_center_x[list][ref] = max(-search_range, min(search_range, search_center_x[list][ref])); search_center_y[list][ref] = max(-search_range, min(search_range, search_center_y[list][ref])); } search_center_x[list][ref] += img->opix_x; search_center_y[list][ref] += img->opix_y; offset_x = search_center_x[list][ref]; offset_y = search_center_y[list][ref]; //===== copy original block for fast access ===== for (y = img->opix_y; y < img->opix_y+16; y++) for (x = img->opix_x; x < img->opix_x+16; x++) *orgptr++ = imgY_org [y][x]; //===== check if whole search range is inside image ===== if (offset_x >= search_range && offset_x <= max_width - search_range && offset_y >= search_range && offset_y <= max_height - search_range ) { range_partly_outside = 0; PelYline_11 = FastLine16Y_11; } else { range_partly_outside = 1; } //===== determine position of (0,0)-vector ===== if (!input->rdopt) { ref_x = img->opix_x - offset_x; ref_y = img->opix_y - offset_y; for (pos = 0; pos < max_pos; pos++) { if (ref_x == spiral_search_x[pos] && ref_y == spiral_search_y[pos]) { pos_00[list][ref] = pos; break; } } } //===== loop over search range (spiral search): get blockwise SAD ===== **// =====THIS IS THE PART WHERE NESTED FOR STARTS=====** for (pos = 0; pos < max_pos; pos++) // OUTERMOST FOR LOOP { abs_y = offset_y + spiral_search_y[pos]; abs_x = offset_x + spiral_search_x[pos]; if (range_partly_outside) { if (abs_y >= 0 && abs_y <= max_height && abs_x >= 0 && abs_x <= max_width ) { PelYline_11 = FastLine16Y_11; } else { PelYline_11 = UMVLine16Y_11; } } orgptr = orig_blocks; bindex = 0; for (blky = 0; blky < 4; blky++) // SECOND FOR LOOP { LineSadBlk0 = LineSadBlk1 = LineSadBlk2 = LineSadBlk3 = 0; for (y = 0; y < 4; y++) //INNERMOST FOR LOOP WHICH I WANT TO PARALLELIZE { refptr = PelYline_11 (ref_pic, abs_y++, abs_x, img_height, img_width); LineSadBlk0 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk0 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk0 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk0 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk1 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk1 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk1 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk1 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk2 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk2 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk2 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk2 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk3 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk3 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk3 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; LineSadBlk3 += byte_abs [*refptr++ - *orgptr++]; } block_sad[bindex++][pos] = LineSadBlk0; block_sad[bindex++][pos] = LineSadBlk1; block_sad[bindex++][pos] = LineSadBlk2; block_sad[bindex++][pos] = LineSadBlk3; } } //===== combine SAD's for larger block types ===== SetupLargerBlocks (list, ref, max_pos); //===== set flag marking that search setup have been done ===== search_setup_done[list][ref] = 1; } #endif // _FAST_FULL_ME_

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  • What are all the disadvantages of using files as a means of communicating between two processes?

    - by Manny
    I have legacy code which I need to improve for performance reasons. My application comprises of two executables that need to exchange certain information. In the legacy code, one exe writes to a file ( the file name is passed as an argument to exe) and the second executable first checks if such a file exists; if does not exist checks again and when it finds it, then goes on to read the contents of the file. This way information in transferred between the two executables. The way the code is structured, the second executable is successful on the first try itself. Now I have to clean this code up and was wondering what are the disadvantages of using files as a means of communication rather than some inter-process communication like pipes.Is opening and reading a file more expensive than pipes? Are there any other disadvantages? And how significant do you think would be the performance degradation. The legacy code is run on both windows and linux.

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