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• 12.04 boots fine, with graphical splash screen, but then Monitor "out of range"

  - by Jim Bednar

  I see dozens of posts from people whose monitors are saying "out of range" under Ubuntu; seems like there are some serious problems in Ubuntu with autodetection of monitor capabilities. :-( But none of the many, many suggestions I found have solved my problem, and right now I can't use anything graphical on this machine! History: I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my HP Proliant Microserver N40L, which worked reasonably at the default resolution across several reboots. At some point I noticed that the proprietary video driver was not in use, and tried to install one to get better window-drawing speeds, but it failed with some sort of error, and I gave up on that. A few weeks later when I next rebooted, it showed the usual BIOS screen and various boot loading screens (including GRUB), and then the usual purple Ubuntu splash screen with the dots showing that things were loading, but when it finished booting the monitor went black and eventually showed "Out of range" (with no other information). Given that there were several weeks between reboots (it's a server, after all), I've no idea if it was some system update, trying to install the proprietary drivers, or something else that caused the problem. Anyway, the system has booted fine, as I can do Ctrl-Alt-F1 to get a text prompt and can log in there. But Ctrl-Alt-F7 goes back to the out of range error. Some posters said to try Ctrl-Alt-- (minus) to cycle through resolutions until one works, but that didn't have any visible effect. Many, many others said it was a grub problem, which seems unlikely given that grub's screen looks fine, but I tried editing /etc/default/grub to set a particular resolution (trying many of them) and running update-grub, with no apparent effect. Rebooting into failsafe mode works the same as regular mode. Replacing xorg.conf with xorg.conf.failsafe works the same too. I'm at my wits' end! Isn't there anything I can do to convince Ubuntu to choose a mode that the monitor supports? E.g. the one that it is using for the splash screen? I don't need great resolution on this machine, just anything that works!!!!! Help!!!!!! Please!!!!

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• How do I join a channel on Freenode with Empathy?

  - by sadmicrowave

  I have empathy already installed but am not sure how to configure it to join the channel at http://www.ape-project.org. I do not have a password or login name yet to properly configure the channel with Empathy and when I click "Join our IRC Channel" firefox comes back with an error stating: Firefox doesn't know how to open this address, because the protocol (irc) isn't associated with any program. What can I do to join this (freenode) channel? UPDATE 1 Using Empathy Version 2.23.1 When viewing accounts click "Add..." Protocol: "IRC" Network: "freenode" create new nickname, password, and real name. Then went back to ape-project.org link and click "Join our IRC Channel" again. It brings my Empathy contact list to the foreground but nothing happens...

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• Top 10 Vulnerabilidades de Seguridad en el WEB.CONFIG- PARTE 1

  - by Jason Ulloa

  Durante estos post, mostraré los 10 problemas o errores de configuración en el web.config que provocan grandes vulnerabilidades en las aplicaciones. Estos errores, en su mayoría vienen dados por desconocimiento a fondo del manejo de las secciones de configuración de nuestras aplicaciones. En esta primera parte, veremos los primeros 5 de ellos. 1. El modo Custom Errors Este es el primero de nuestra lista, ya que, será uno de los que casi siempre habilitemos cuando estamos desarrollando una aplicación web y que es de mucho cuidado. Una etiqueta común y vulnerable de esta configuración sería <configuration> <system.web> <customErrors mode="Off">   Una forma de corregir la vulnerabilidad que se expone a continuación sería cambiando la etiqueta por <configuration> <system.web> <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly">

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• Game engine design: Multiplayer and listen servers

  - by jarx

  My game engine right now consists of a working singleplayer part. I'm now starting to think about how to do the multiplayer part. I have found out that many games actually don't have a real singleplayer mode, but when playing alone you are actually hosting a local server as well, and almost everything runs as if you were in multiplayer (except that the data packets can be passed over an alternate route for better performance) My engine would need major refactoring to adapt to this model. There would be three possible modes: Dedicated client, Dedicated server and Client-Server (listen mode) * How often is the listen-server model used in the gaming industry? * What are the (dis)advantages of it? * What other options do I have?

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• MODX based site has been compromised, and tagged by Google as malware

  - by JAG2007

  I'm the webmaster (inherited the site from the developer) for a site called kenbrook.org. The site is currently being tagged as malware infected by Google, and gives the following details: http://www.google.com/safebrowsing/diagnostic?site=kenbrook.org Sadly, this is the second time it has occurred. I posted the issue when it happened last year originally on Stackoverflow on this post, shortly after I inherited the site. At the time the fix was a simple removal of a few lines of code from a .js file, but I never did discover or resolve the vulnerability. The site is built on MODX, which neither I, nor the original builder, have any familiarity with. I've tried to check for security updates from MODX, but updating that software has been a real pain also. Sooo...what's my next step to getting this whole issue resolved? Or steps?

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• Saving a list of points into a text file

  - by dylanisawesome1

  I recently posted a question about this, but was not really sure where to go. I've gotten some progress, and have generated some simple noise here: http://pastie.org/5408655 That works well enough for me, but I would really like to be able to save the points into an ascii text file. currently it's formatted so that something like this: http://pastie.org/5409311 would create a square. I need to save in this format with the points(and lines connecting them) generated in the method above. Essentially, I need to write the array of points created in the first example to a text file formatted like the second example.

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• How to run a local and external website on same computer with 2 NIC's, 2 Routers and 3 seperate networks?

  - by CandN

  Hello and hopefully I can get some answers to my question, though I think I'm making it more complicated for myself than it has to be. My business is a used auto dealership, and I'm in the process of connecting it to the world - via ethernet from the business server [running Xubuntu] to the ISP's ethernet router/modem, so that I can host our own website (no more than 5-10 people probably visiting at any time - mainly paying their bill), as well as set up a web based internal-intranet site - via DD-WRT Router on the 2nd NIC on the business server - that'll be accessed over Wifi from employees personal devices. On the other end of this is trying to offer free wifi to customers that is completely seperate of the 2 mentioned above networks. Quick Rundown: 1. Web Site for Customers to access. I'm going to use no-ip.org for DNS for the moment being, so I'll have a site that customers can access from anywhere in the world at "mybiz.no-ip.org". This will be forwarded to NIC #1 on the server, possibly at an address like "108.69.." as its being provided an IP from the ISP's modem/router, that is from Time Warner, and they allow NO! configuration options. Web Site for employees to access. I'm trying not to use the server too much as a desktop, only for critical situations, so having a backend thats seperate from the front-facing website is critical. This will be the DD-WRT router hardwired into NIC #2 on the server. This WiFi will be password accessible. Public WiFi for customers. The DD-WRT can seperate networks if I'm correct, I just can't seem to understand how to seperate the 2 and still have internet access on both. I've done it before, but the "Public" wifi (with no password set to connect) kept dropping the connection like a problem was happening that I couldn't figure out. So if I could do a little drawing, this is how it would/should possibly look. ISP -- [Sends Public Facing IP of 108.69.*.1/8] -- ISP Modem Router ISP Modem Router (Ethernet Only) -- [Gives Private IP 108.69.*.2] -- Server NIC #1 Server NIC #1 -- [Gives Private IP 108.69.*.3] -- DD-WRT Router DD-WRT Router -- [DHCP Enabled Giving IP's 172.16.0.0/16] -- Employees Network | | --------- [DHCP Enabled Giving IP's 192.168.1.0/24] -- Public WIFI Hope it's not too confusing, but it anyone could give me some good direct tutorials on how to accomplish this, or if YOU know, then it'll be alot of help. Thanks to all in advance. Need anything else to be explained? Don't hesitate to ask! *Using The LAMP stack with Webmin/VirtualMin -Customer site is located in /var/www2/ -Private Employees site is located in /var/www/ Using no-ip.org's dynamic client updater

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• Writing to a structured buffer with a compute shader (D3D11)

  - by Vertexwahn

  I have some problems writing to a structured buffer. First I create a structured buffer that is filled with float values beginning from 0 to 99. Afterwards a copy the structured buffer to a CPU accessible buffer is made to print the content of the structured buffer to the console. The output is as expected (Numbers 0 to 99 appear on the console). Afterwards I use a compute shader that should change the contents of the structured buffer: RWStructuredBuffer<float> Result : register( u0 ); [numthreads(1, 1, 1)] void CS_main( uint3 GroupId : SV_GroupID ) { Result[GroupId.x] = GroupId.x * 10; } But the compute shader does not change the contents of the structured buffer. The source code can be found here (main.cpp): https://bitbucket.org/Vertexwahn/cmakedemos/src/4abb067afd5781b87a553c4c720956668adca22a/D3D11ComputeShader/src/main.cpp?at=default FillCS.hlsl: https://bitbucket.org/Vertexwahn/cmakedemos/src/4abb067afd5781b87a553c4c720956668adca22a/D3D11ComputeShader/src/FillCS.hlsl?at=default

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• Why does pasting sometimes not work in gnome-terminal?

  - by Matthew

  Ctrl + Shift + C and Ctrl + Shift + V are supposed to replace the normal Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V in gnome-terminal. Sometimes they work, but usually they have no effect. What are some potential reasons for this? I'm not sure what other information to give. Edit: It seems that manually selecting Paste from the Edit menu does not work either. Right click > Paste works, but Edit > Paste does not. Copying works, but pasting does not. Also, I have vi-mode enabled (set -o vi in my ~/.bashrc). Could this have something to do with it? Edit: Here is a video demonstrating the problem. I used Screenkey (in "raw" mode, to catch "shift") to show what keys I am pressing.

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• Notebook overheating

  - by user71372

  I'm asking this question because I've tried many tips to solve they don't work and it sounds like a non-fixed bug ubuntu. My problem is with overheating. I've recently installed Ubuntu Precise 12.04 LTS alongside with MS Windows 7 on my notebook Samsung 530U. I'm using both via dual-boot mode. I've no heating problem with MS Win 7 and the fan speed is normal even with long run utilization. However, when booting with Ubuntu and after short time, the PC got very hot and the fan was running at max speed. I installed a tool called Jupiter, I put it in "Power Saving" mode but no result. Now, I avoid using ubuntu because I fear it'll damage my all new notebook. Please can you give me a "FINAL" fix of this problem (lot of answers exist but I don't know the more accurate and efficient one). Thank you in advance.

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• Monitoring C++ applications

  - by Scott A

  We're implementing a new centralized monitoring solution (Zenoss). Incorporating servers, networking, and Java programs is straightforward with SNMP and JMX. The question, however, is what are the best practices for monitoring and managing custom C++ applications in large, heterogenous (Solaris x86, RHEL Linux, Windows) environments? Possibilities I see are: Net SNMP Advantages single, central daemon on each server well-known standard easy integration into monitoring solutions we run Net SNMP daemons on our servers already Disadvantages: complex implementation (MIBs, Net SNMP library) new technology to introduce for the C++ developers rsyslog Advantages single, central daemon on each server well-known standard unknown integration into monitoring solutions (I know they can do alerts based on text, but how well would it work for sending telemetry like memory usage, queue depths, thread capacity, etc) simple implementation Disadvantages: possible integration issues somewhat new technology for C++ developers possible porting issues if we switch monitoring vendors probably involves coming up with an ad-hoc communication protocol (or using RFC5424 structured data; I don't know if Zenoss supports that without custom Zenpack coding) Embedded JMX (embed a JVM and use JNI) Advantages consistent management interface for both Java and C++ well-known standard easy integration into monitoring solutions somewhat simple implementation (we already do this today for other purposes) Disadvantages: complexity (JNI, thunking layer between native C++ and Java, basically writing the management code twice) possible stability problems requires a JVM in each process, using considerably more memory JMX is new technology for C++ developers each process has it's own JMX port (we run a lot of processes on each machine) Local JMX daemon, processes connect to it Advantages single, central daemon on each server consistent management interface for both Java and C++ well-known standard easy integration into monitoring solutions Disadvantages: complexity (basically writing the management code twice) need to find or write such a daemon need a protocol between the JMX daemon and the C++ process JMX is new technology for C++ developers CodeMesh JunC++ion Advantages consistent management interface for both Java and C++ well-known standard easy integration into monitoring solutions single, central daemon on each server when run in shared JVM mode somewhat simple implementation (requires code generation) Disadvantages: complexity (code generation, requires a GUI and several rounds of tweaking to produce the proxied code) possible JNI stability problems requires a JVM in each process, using considerably more memory (in embedded mode) Does not support Solaris x86 (deal breaker) Even if it did support Solaris x86, there are possible compiler compatibility issues (we use an odd combination of STLPort and Forte on Solaris each process has it's own JMX port when run in embedded mode (we run a lot of processes on each machine) possibly precludes a shared JMX server for non-C++ processes (?) Is there some reasonably standardized, simple solution I'm missing? Given no other reasonable solutions, which of these solutions is typically used for custom C++ programs? My gut feel is that Net SNMP is how people do this, but I'd like other's input and experience before I make a decision.

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• changed /etc permission in oneiric (ubuntu11.10) by using "sudo chmod 665 /etc" cant use sudo now

  - by GuruDevil

  i screwed up big time. i changed the permission of /etc in ubuntu 11.10 by using following command sudo chmod 665 /etc now when ever i try to use sudo it gives the following error: sudo: can't open /etc/sudoers: Permission denied sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting any help will be greatly appreciated because i am new to ubuntu....i have already tried using su but it doesnt even login as root and even i give it the right password it always say Authentication Failure......i dont want to login as root coz its risky and even a newbie in linux like me is not stupid enough to have such control...i just want to use my sudo again......i have tried to go into recovery mode as well but i cant get in to recovery mode......HELP please!!!

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• Ops Center Update 2 is available!

  - by Owen Allen

  Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Release 1, Update 2 (12.1.2.0.0) is available. This release includes support for Oracle Solaris 11.1 and Oracle Linux 6.3, the ability to attach a network multiple times to an LDom guest using the same vswitch, support for HMP 2.2.3, improved options for adding users from remote directory servers, and a few other useful features. A list of new features is in What's New. You can view the documentation online, or you can download a zip file of the library from the Overview tab. If you're running Ops Center in connected mode, the updates are delivered to the UI. If you are in disconnected mode or have not yet installed Ops Center, you can go to the Ops Center download page to get the latest release. Before installing or upgrading to Ops Center 12c Update 2, review the Release Notes for things to watch out for, then see the upgrade instructions in the Administration Guide.

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• Which hosted chat solutions offer the following?

  - by David

  I am looking for a chat room solution similar to the one on StackExchange to facilitate more responsive communication between the contributors on Open-Org.com. My criteria are the following: No Flash (this rules out more than half) Full history (meaning that it is possible to access all previous conversation for future reference. Very customizable No ugly IRC stuff filling up the chat view (I do not want to see who joined an who left etc.) No private conversations possible (this is just not in the spirit of Open-org.com) A hosted solution with a reasonable price. These criteria are so different from this question, so this is not a duplicate question. The service which matches this the closest is Chatroll.com. However, at 199$ per month their prices are outrageous.

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• Unable to Mount an external hard drive (NTFS)

  - by Mediterran81

  Ubuntu 11.10. When I plug my external Drive Western Digital MyPassport (500Go NTFS) I named WD. I get the following error: Unable to mount WD Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 1: helper failed with: mount: according to mtab, /dev/sdb1 is already mounted on /media/WD mount failed I have no problem with the internal NTFS partitions that auto-mounts on startup (ntfs-config does that). If I plug the WD before I boot Ubuntu, upon login, it's recognized and I can access without no problem. But if I remove it using (Safely remove) and then replug it, I get the error above. Here is my fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 #Entry for /dev/sda5 : UUID=24540d0f-5803-493c-ace9-e3b3c0cedb26 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 #Entry for /dev/sda3 : UUID=E4C43F7EC43F51D2 /media/OS ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0 #Entry for /dev/sda2 : UUID=6A0070F10070C61B /media/RECOVERY ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0 #Entry for /dev/sdb1 : UUID=EA6854D268549F5F /media/WD ntfs-3g defaults,nosuid,nodev,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0 #Entry for /dev/sda6 : UUID=ed077c52-c50e-406c-9120-9cb6f86ec204 none swap sw 0 0 Here is my mtab /dev/sda5 / ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 fusectl /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0 udev /dev devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 0 0 none /run/lock tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 0 0 none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0 /dev/sda3 /media/OS fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 /dev/sda2 /media/RECOVERY fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /media/WD fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/hanine/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,user=hanine 0 0 Appearently it cannot be mounted because upon login, it finds that it is already mounted. Some sort of conflict. Does anyone have a clue on how to solve this. Thanks.

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• Ipython and Matplotlib in Ubuntu 13.10

  - by LuizAngioletti

  I've recently updated my Ubuntu to the 13.10 version. To my surprise, Ipython and Matplotlib are available only in versions prior to those I had in my previous 12.04 LTS install. When with the 12.04, I had the Julian Taylor PPA set up in my repositories, and that's why (I think) I had most up-to-date versions from both packages. The versions currently in 13.10 are: Matplotlib: 1.2.1 (http://matplotlib.org/index.html, most current version is 1.3.1) Ipython: 0.13.2 (http://ipython.org, most current version is 1.1.0 – September 2013) Is there any PPA available for the 13.10? The JTaylor ppa covers only as far as 12.10 (Quantal, link not available due to reputation rank in stack exchange) Should I install those packages outside apt? Isn't that troublesome?

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• 2D vector graphic html5 framework

  - by Yury

  I trying to find html5 game framework by following criteria: 1)Real good performance. 2)Good support of vector graphic( objects which contains canvas elements -line, rec,bezierCurve etc.) 3)Easy port to mobile. Optional- Physics Engine. I found 1)Pixi.js- it looks like real good, but i didn't find any info about "vector objects" support. 2) i found "vector objects" support in paper.js I need something like these: http://paperjs.org/examples/chain/ and http://paperjs.org/examples/path-intersections/. But it looks like paper.js- not so good performance as pixi.js. And it is not game engine. Is there any good framework meets these requirements? P.S. I found similar question here Which free HTML5-based game engine meets these requirements?. But it was a long time ago. A lot of new things were created since 2011.

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• YouTube: CoffeeScript Rocks (in NetBeans IDE)

  - by Geertjan

  CoffeeScript is a handy preprocessor for JavaScript, as shown in a quick demo below on YouTube, using the CoffeeScript plugin for NetBeans IDE. Right now, the NetBeans Plugin Portal doesn't have a CoffeeScript plugin for NetBeans IDE 7.4, but not to worry, the NetBeans IDE 7.3 plugin works just fine. http://plugins.netbeans.org/plugin/39007/coffeescript-netbeans Here's a small YouTube clip I made today showing how it all works: Also read this very handy and detailed NetBeans tutorial, on which I based the demo above: https://netbeans.org/kb/docs/web/js-toolkits-jquery.html Related info: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgqVh_KpVKY http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/wa-coffee1/ http://blog.sethladd.com/2012/01/vanilla-dart-ftw.html http://api.jquery.com/fadeOut/

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• How to install XAMPP?

  - by Rani.Shemer

  Hi all im a noob on Ubuntu/Linux World, So i need some that give a full tutorial to How to install Xampp from apachefriends.org correctly on Ubuntu 11.10 + all beyond Ubuntu for 32 bit and also 64 bit Desktop Version.. and also i need this: Make a Folder on Your Home Folder and Linked to htdocs from Apache Web Server Make a GUI interface for Xmapp Start Xampp when Ubuntu Boot Up or Start Ubuntu (Note: i ask it for both X86 and X64 so people in the further can see the tutorials) New Data: What i did was i download from apachefriends.org for now and i also what to say that I'm currently running Ubuntu 11.10 X64 bit for Dell Studio 1558 processor intel i3 i will let you know guys which solution was the best, and it is for a Desktop Version of Ubuntu 11.10 (Laptop 15 inch screen ^_^ ) not Server Ubuntu

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• Bluetooth mouse lag on high cpu load ubuntu 11.04 12.10

  - by sirkubax

  I have just migrate to Ubuntu 12.10 and I have noticed that I have huge problem with my bluetooth mouse left click button on a high load (wired, but scroll and right button are not affected) (I think powersave cpu mode affect that more than cpu load) It just not "trigger the interrupt". Mouse is laggy, click are not reggisterd. I can not work like that. At the same time, my touchpad and usb mouse works great. How to check that - limit cpu frequency (I use powersave and ondemend mode) I now wonder, what should I log, check, measure, to capture enough data to fill bug report. Any suggestions? greetings sirkubax

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• iwconfig usage for WEP access point?

  - by johan elmander

  I would like to use my wifi doggle in my pc (ubuntu 12.04). I am able to connect to my access point through the GUI. I would like to do the same in the terminal. My access point uses WEP. So I typed the following commands iwconfig wlan0 mode managed key 6d6f6e6579 iwconfig wlan0 essid "AccessPoint" dhclient wlan0 after typing dhclient wlan0 it waits like 1-2 min then outputs nothing and cannot connect to the Access Point. iwconfig output: wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"AccessPoint" Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=20 dBm Retry long timit:7 RTS thr=2347 B Fragment thr:off Encryption key:6D6F-6E65-79 Power Management:off I would appreciate any suggestion

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• gnome-file-share-properties doesn't work

  - by Riccardo Magrini

  I've configured gnome-file-share-properties on all my Ubuntu's PC for sharing the directory Public to each other. I following some guide found on Internet for the configuration of it, all explain the same procedure but in my case I don't see any Public directory shared with the PC. Following this link http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-user-share/stable/gnome-user-share-getting-started.html.en I'd see the directory Public plus the name of PC that shares its directory on Nautilus Places. In my case I don't see anything, therefore on the Network place see all the machines 'n if I try to click on one receive this: "DBus error org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Message did not receive a reply (timeout by message bus)" note: I don't want to use Samba because I've all Ubuntu PC, and the firewall is disabled on all PC.

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• usb keyboard works except in terminal window (SOLVED)

  - by matrixunloaded

  I just installed 12.10 (clean install and updates). USB keyboard and mouse work fine EXCEPT the keyboard does not work in a terminal window (USB mouse is working in terminal). keyboard is Logitech MK320 and associated mouse. I'm typing in a mozilla window on the keyboard at this very moment and when I switch to the terminal window, nothing can be typed. Any ideas? I use terminal mode alot. Thanks matrixunloaded I didn't realize passwords do not show even an asterisk in terminal mode! I'd just installed 12.10 and was pasting a long sudo command and then typing my password (which looked like nothing appearing)

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• Disable incognito in chrome or chromium

  - by TheIronKnuckle

  I'm addicted to certain websites to the point where it's interfering with my life regularly and sick of it. I want to install website blockers that aren't easy to circumvent. In Chrome, incognito mode is easily accessible with a ctrl-shift-n. That is ridiculous. Whenever I feel an urge to go on an addictive website, it doesn't matter what blockers and regulators I've got installed; three keys can get round them in a second. Simply uninstalling chrome isn't an option either, as it's way too easy to sudo apt-get install it right back. So yes, I want to disable incognito mode completely (and if possible making it totally impossible to get it back). I note that some guy has figured out how to do it on windows with a registry entry: http://wmwood.net/software/incognito-gone-get-rid-of-private-browsing/ If it can be done on windows it can be done on ubuntu!

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• Performance triage

  - by Dave

  Folks often ask me how to approach a suspected performance issue. My personal strategy is informed by the fact that I work on concurrency issues. (When you have a hammer everything looks like a nail, but I'll try to keep this general). A good starting point is to ask yourself if the observed performance matches your expectations. Expectations might be derived from known system performance limits, prototypes, and other software or environments that are comparable to your particular system-under-test. Some simple comparisons and microbenchmarks can be useful at this stage. It's also useful to write some very simple programs to validate some of the reported or expected system limits. Can that disk controller really tolerate and sustain 500 reads per second? To reduce the number of confounding factors it's better to try to answer that question with a very simple targeted program. And finally, nothing beats having familiarity with the technologies that underlying your particular layer. On the topic of confounding factors, as our technology stacks become deeper and less transparent, we often find our own technology working against us in some unexpected way to choke performance rather than simply running into some fundamental system limit. A good example is the warm-up time needed by just-in-time compilers in Java Virtual Machines. I won't delve too far into that particular hole except to say that it's rare to find good benchmarks and methodology for java code. Another example is power management on x86. Power management is great, but it can take a while for the CPUs to throttle up from low(er) frequencies to full throttle. And while I love "turbo" mode, it makes benchmarking applications with multiple threads a chore as you have to remember to turn it off and then back on otherwise short single-threaded runs may look abnormally fast compared to runs with higher thread counts. In general for performance characterization I disable turbo mode and fix the power governor at "performance" state. Another source of complexity is the scheduler, which I've discussed in prior blog entries. Lets say I have a running application and I want to better understand its behavior and performance. We'll presume it's warmed up, is under load, and is an execution mode representative of what we think the norm would be. It should be in steady-state, if a steady-state mode even exists. On Solaris the very first thing I'll do is take a set of "pstack" samples. Pstack briefly stops the process and walks each of the stacks, reporting symbolic information (if available) for each frame. For Java, pstack has been augmented to understand java frames, and even report inlining. A few pstack samples can provide powerful insight into what's actually going on inside the program. You'll be able to see calling patterns, which threads are blocked on what system calls or synchronization constructs, memory allocation, etc. If your code is CPU-bound then you'll get a good sense where the cycles are being spent. (I should caution that normal C/C++ inlining can diffuse an otherwise "hot" method into other methods. This is a rare instance where pstack sampling might not immediately point to the key problem). At this point you'll need to reconcile what you're seeing with pstack and your mental model of what you think the program should be doing. They're often rather different. And generally if there's a key performance issue, you'll spot it with a moderate number of samples. I'll also use OS-level observability tools to lock for the existence of bottlenecks where threads contend for locks; other situations where threads are blocked; and the distribution of threads over the system. On Solaris some good tools are mpstat and too a lesser degree, vmstat. Try running "mpstat -a 5" in one window while the application program runs concurrently. One key measure is the voluntary context switch rate "vctx" or "csw" which reflects threads descheduling themselves. It's also good to look at the user; system; and idle CPU percentages. This can give a broad but useful understanding if your threads are mostly parked or mostly running. For instance if your program makes heavy use of malloc/free, then it might be the case you're contending on the central malloc lock in the default allocator. In that case you'd see malloc calling lock in the stack traces, observe a high csw/vctx rate as threads block for the malloc lock, and your "usr" time would be less than expected. Solaris dtrace is a wonderful and invaluable performance tool as well, but in a sense you have to frame and articulate a meaningful and specific question to get a useful answer, so I tend not to use it for first-order screening of problems. It's also most effective for OS and software-level performance issues as opposed to HW-level issues. For that reason I recommend mpstat & pstack as my the 1st step in performance triage. If some other OS-level issue is evident then it's good to switch to dtrace to drill more deeply into the problem. Only after I've ruled out OS-level issues do I switch to using hardware performance counters to look for architectural impediments.

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