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  • Why overload true and false instead of defining bool operator?

    - by Joe Enos
    I've been reading about overloading true and false in C#, and I think I understand the basic difference between this and defining a bool operator. The example I see around is something like: public static bool operator true(Foo foo) { return (foo.PropA > 0); } public static bool operator false(Foo foo) { return (foo.PropA <= 0); } To me, this is the same as saying: public static implicit operator bool(Foo foo) { return (foo.PropA > 0); } The difference, as far as I can tell, is that by defining true and false separately, you can have an object that is both true and false, or neither true nor false: public static bool operator true(Foo foo) { return true; } public static bool operator false(Foo foo) { return true; } //or public static bool operator true(Foo foo) { return false; } public static bool operator false(Foo foo) { return false; } I'm sure there's a reason this is allowed, but I just can't think of what it is. To me, if you want an object to be able to be converted to true or false, a single bool operator makes the most sense. Can anyone give me a scenario where it makes sense to do it the other way? Thanks

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  • undefined reference to function, despite giving reference in c

    - by Jamie Edwards
    I'm following a tutorial, but when it comes to compiling and linking the code I get the following error: /tmp/cc8gRrVZ.o: In function `main': main.c:(.text+0xa): undefined reference to `monitor_clear' main.c:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `monitor_write' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [obj/main.o] Error 1 What that is telling me is that I haven't defined both 'monitor_clear' and 'monitor_write'. But I have, in both the header and source files. They are as follows: monitor.c: // monitor.c -- Defines functions for writing to the monitor. // heavily based on Bran's kernel development tutorials, // but rewritten for JamesM's kernel tutorials. #include "monitor.h" // The VGA framebuffer starts at 0xB8000. u16int *video_memory = (u16int *)0xB8000; // Stores the cursor position. u8int cursor_x = 0; u8int cursor_y = 0; // Updates the hardware cursor. static void move_cursor() { // The screen is 80 characters wide... u16int cursorLocation = cursor_y * 80 + cursor_x; outb(0x3D4, 14); // Tell the VGA board we are setting the high cursor byte. outb(0x3D5, cursorLocation >> 8); // Send the high cursor byte. outb(0x3D4, 15); // Tell the VGA board we are setting the low cursor byte. outb(0x3D5, cursorLocation); // Send the low cursor byte. } // Scrolls the text on the screen up by one line. static void scroll() { // Get a space character with the default colour attributes. u8int attributeByte = (0 /*black*/ << 4) | (15 /*white*/ & 0x0F); u16int blank = 0x20 /* space */ | (attributeByte << 8); // Row 25 is the end, this means we need to scroll up if(cursor_y >= 25) { // Move the current text chunk that makes up the screen // back in the buffer by a line int i; for (i = 0*80; i < 24*80; i++) { video_memory[i] = video_memory[i+80]; } // The last line should now be blank. Do this by writing // 80 spaces to it. for (i = 24*80; i < 25*80; i++) { video_memory[i] = blank; } // The cursor should now be on the last line. cursor_y = 24; } } // Writes a single character out to the screen. void monitor_put(char c) { // The background colour is black (0), the foreground is white (15). u8int backColour = 0; u8int foreColour = 15; // The attribute byte is made up of two nibbles - the lower being the // foreground colour, and the upper the background colour. u8int attributeByte = (backColour << 4) | (foreColour & 0x0F); // The attribute byte is the top 8 bits of the word we have to send to the // VGA board. u16int attribute = attributeByte << 8; u16int *location; // Handle a backspace, by moving the cursor back one space if (c == 0x08 && cursor_x) { cursor_x--; } // Handle a tab by increasing the cursor's X, but only to a point // where it is divisible by 8. else if (c == 0x09) { cursor_x = (cursor_x+8) & ~(8-1); } // Handle carriage return else if (c == '\r') { cursor_x = 0; } // Handle newline by moving cursor back to left and increasing the row else if (c == '\n') { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y++; } // Handle any other printable character. else if(c >= ' ') { location = video_memory + (cursor_y*80 + cursor_x); *location = c | attribute; cursor_x++; } // Check if we need to insert a new line because we have reached the end // of the screen. if (cursor_x >= 80) { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y ++; } // Scroll the screen if needed. scroll(); // Move the hardware cursor. move_cursor(); } // Clears the screen, by copying lots of spaces to the framebuffer. void monitor_clear() { // Make an attribute byte for the default colours u8int attributeByte = (0 /*black*/ << 4) | (15 /*white*/ & 0x0F); u16int blank = 0x20 /* space */ | (attributeByte << 8); int i; for (i = 0; i < 80*25; i++) { video_memory[i] = blank; } // Move the hardware cursor back to the start. cursor_x = 0; cursor_y = 0; move_cursor(); } // Outputs a null-terminated ASCII string to the monitor. void monitor_write(char *c) { int i = 0; while (c[i]) { monitor_put(c[i++]); } } void monitor_write_hex(u32int n) { s32int tmp; monitor_write("0x"); char noZeroes = 1; int i; for (i = 28; i > 0; i -= 4) { tmp = (n >> i) & 0xF; if (tmp == 0 && noZeroes != 0) { continue; } if (tmp >= 0xA) { noZeroes = 0; monitor_put (tmp-0xA+'a' ); } else { noZeroes = 0; monitor_put( tmp+'0' ); } } tmp = n & 0xF; if (tmp >= 0xA) { monitor_put (tmp-0xA+'a'); } else { monitor_put (tmp+'0'); } } void monitor_write_dec(u32int n) { if (n == 0) { monitor_put('0'); return; } s32int acc = n; char c[32]; int i = 0; while (acc > 0) { c[i] = '0' + acc%10; acc /= 10; i++; } c[i] = 0; char c2[32]; c2[i--] = 0; int j = 0; while(i >= 0) { c2[i--] = c[j++]; } monitor_write(c2); } monitor.h: // monitor.h -- Defines the interface for monitor.h // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #ifndef MONITOR_H #define MONITOR_H #include "common.h" // Write a single character out to the screen. void monitor_put(char c); // Clear the screen to all black. void monitor_clear(); // Output a null-terminated ASCII string to the monitor. void monitor_write(char *c); #endif // MONITOR_H common.c: // common.c -- Defines some global functions. // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #include "common.h" // Write a byte out to the specified port. void outb ( u16int port, u8int value ) { asm volatile ( "outb %1, %0" : : "dN" ( port ), "a" ( value ) ); } u8int inb ( u16int port ) { u8int ret; asm volatile ( "inb %1, %0" : "=a" ( ret ) : "dN" ( port ) ); return ret; } u16int inw ( u16int port ) { u16int ret; asm volatile ( "inw %1, %0" : "=a" ( ret ) : "dN" ( port ) ); return ret; } // Copy len bytes from src to dest. void memcpy(u8int *dest, const u8int *src, u32int len) { const u8int *sp = ( const u8int * ) src; u8int *dp = ( u8int * ) dest; for ( ; len != 0; len-- ) *dp++ =*sp++; } // Write len copies of val into dest. void memset(u8int *dest, u8int val, u32int len) { u8int *temp = ( u8int * ) dest; for ( ; len != 0; len-- ) *temp++ = val; } // Compare two strings. Should return -1 if // str1 < str2, 0 if they are equal or 1 otherwise. int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2) { int i = 0; int failed = 0; while ( str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] != '\0' ) { if ( str1[i] != str2[i] ) { failed = 1; break; } i++; } // Why did the loop exit? if ( ( str1[i] == '\0' && str2[i] != '\0' || (str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] =='\0' ) ) failed =1; return failed; } // Copy the NULL-terminated string src into dest, and // return dest. char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) { do { *dest++ = *src++; } while ( *src != 0 ); } // Concatenate the NULL-terminated string src onto // the end of dest, and return dest. char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src) { while ( *dest != 0 ) { *dest = *dest++; } do { *dest++ = *src++; } while ( *src != 0 ); return dest; } common.h: // common.h -- Defines typedefs and some global functions. // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #ifndef COMMON_H #define COMMON_H // Some nice typedefs, to standardise sizes across platforms. // These typedefs are written for 32-bit x86. typedef unsigned int u32int; typedef int s32int; typedef unsigned short u16int; typedef short s16int; typedef unsigned char u8int; typedef char s8int; void outb ( u16int port, u8int value ); u8int inb ( u16int port ); u16int inw ( u16int port ); #endif //COMMON_H main.c: // main.c -- Defines the C-code kernel entry point, calls initialisation routines. // Made for JamesM's tutorials <www.jamesmolloy.co.uk> #include "monitor.h" int main(struct multiboot *mboot_ptr) { monitor_clear(); monitor_write ( "hello, world!" ); return 0; } here is my makefile: C_SOURCES= main.c monitor.c common.c S_SOURCES= boot.s C_OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.c, obj/%.o, $(C_SOURCES)) S_OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.s, obj/%.o, $(S_SOURCES)) CFLAGS=-nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-builtin -fno-stack-protector -m32 -Iheaders LDFLAGS=-Tlink.ld -melf_i386 --oformat=elf32-i386 ASFLAGS=-felf all: kern/kernel .PHONY: clean clean: -rm -f kern/kernel kern/kernel: $(S_OBJECTS) $(C_OBJECTS) ld $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(C_OBJECTS): obj/%.o : %.c gcc $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ vpath %.c source $(S_OBJECTS): obj/%.o : %.s nasm $(ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ vpath %.s asem Hopefully this will help you understand what is going wrong and how to fix it :L Thanks in advance. Jamie.

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  • How to instanciate a class when its property members are not of primitive types?

    - by Richard77
    Hello, 1) Let's say I've a class MyDataInfo public class MyDataInfo { public int MyDataInfoID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } For the purpose of the fuctionality I'm after, I've created another class (MyData) whose property members are of MyDataInfo type. 2) Here's myData public class MyData { public MyDataInfo Prop1 { get; set; } public MyDataInfo Prop2 { get; set; } } 3) And, here's my action method public ActionResult MyAction() { MyData myObject = new MyData(); return View(myObject); } 4) Finally, this in my View template (which is strongly typed and inherits from MyData) <% = Html.Encode (Model.Prop1.Name)%> <% = Html.Encode (Model.Prop2.Name)%> Unfortunately, I got an error "Object not set to an instance of an object." Am I missing something or is there a different way of obtaining the same result? Thanks for helping

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  • How to generate GIR files from the Vala compiler?

    - by celil
    I am trying to create python bindings to a vala library using pygi with gobject introspection. However, I am having trouble generating the GIR files (that I am planning to compile to typelib files subsequently). According to the documentation valac should support generating GIR files. Compiling the following helloworld.vala public struct Point { public double x; public double y; } public class Person { public int age = 32; public Person(int age) { this.age = age; } } public int main() { var p = Point() { x=0.0, y=0.1 }; stdout.printf("%f %f\n", p.x, p.y); var per = new Person(22); stdout.printf("%d\n", per.age); return 0; } with the command valac helloworld.vala --gir=Hello-1.0.gir doesn't create the Hello-1.0.gir file as one would expect. How can I generate the gir file?

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  • DataBinding to GridView

    - by liran
    Hello, I Have a gridview object and i want to bind it to Object.. My Object is namespace DataBinding { public class BindingObject { public ColorInfo Color { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public struct ColorInfo { public string Red { get; set; } public string Green { get; set; } public string Blue { get; set; } } } } I want that in the gridview i will see only the Name Property And Red property.. Now when i bound it my gridview see like this: Color column and Name Column and i want Red column and Name Column.. How i do this.. Thanks..

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  • Best way to get a single value from a DataTable?

    - by PiersMyers
    I have a number of static classes that contain tables like this: using System; using System.Data; using System.Globalization; public static class TableFoo { private static readonly DataTable ItemTable; static TableFoo() { ItemTable = new DataTable("TableFoo") { Locale = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture }; ItemTable.Columns.Add("Id", typeof(int)); ItemTable.Columns["Id"].Unique = true; ItemTable.Columns.Add("Description", typeof(string)); ItemTable.Columns.Add("Data1", typeof(int)); ItemTable.Columns.Add("Data2", typeof(double)); ItemTable.Rows.Add(0, "Item 1", 1, 1.0); ItemTable.Rows.Add(1, "Item 2", 1, 1.0); ItemTable.Rows.Add(2, "Item 3", 2, 0.75); ItemTable.Rows.Add(3, "Item 4", 4, 0.25); ItemTable.Rows.Add(4, "Item 5", 1, 1.0); } public static DataTable GetItemTable() { return ItemTable; } public static int Data1(int id) { DataRow[] dr = ItemTable.Select("Id = " + id); if (dr.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("id", "Out of range."); } return (int)dr[0]["Data1"]; } public static double Data2(int id) { DataRow[] dr = ItemTable.Select("Id = " + id); if (dr.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("id", "Out of range."); } return (double)dr[0]["Data2"]; } } Is there a better way of writing the Data1 or Data2 methods that return a single value from a single row that matches the given id?

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  • How does the method overload resolution system decide which method to call when a null value is passed?

    - by Joan Venge
    So for instance you have a type like: public class EffectOptions { public EffectOptions ( params object [ ] options ) {} public EffectOptions ( IEnumerable<object> options ) {} public EffectOptions ( string name ) {} public EffectOptions ( object owner ) {} public EffectOptions ( int count ) {} public EffectOptions ( Point point ) {} } Here I just give the example using constructors but the result will be the same if they were non-constructor methods on the type itself, right? So when you do: EffectOptions options = new EffectOptions (null); which constructor would be called, and why? I could test this myself but I want to understand how the overload resolution system works (not sure if that's what it's called).

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  • Can i Automap a tree heirarchy with fluent nhibernate?

    - by NakChak
    Is it possible to auto map a simple nested object structure? Something like this public class Employee : Entity { public Employee() { this.Manages = new List<Employee>(); } public virtual string FirstName { get; set; } public virtual string LastName { get; set; } public virtual bool IsLineManager { get; set; } public virtual Employee Manager { get; set; } public virtual IList<Employee> Manages { get; set; } } Causes the following error at run time: Repeated column in mapping for collection: SharpKtulu.Core.Employee.Manages column: EmployeeFk Is it possible to automap this sort of structure, or do i have over ride the auto mapper for this sort of structure?

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  • Java multi Generic collection parameters complie error

    - by Geln Yang
    Hi, So strange!Please have a look the code first: public class A { } public class B extends A { } public class C extends A { } public class TestMain { public <T extends A> void test(T a, T b) { } public <T extends A> void test(List<T> a, List<T> b) { } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestMain().test(new B(), new C()); new TestMain().test(new ArrayList<B>(), new ArrayList<C>()); } } The statement "new TestMain().test(new ArrayList(), new ArrayList())" get a "Bound mismatch" compile error, while "new TestMain().test(new B(), new C())" is compiled ok. Bound mismatch: The generic method test(T, T) of type TestMain is not applicable for the arguments (ArrayList, ArrayList). The inferred type ArrayList is not a valid substitute for the bounded parameter It seems the type of the second generic List parameter is limited by the Type of the first.Is it a feature or a bug of the compile program? ps, jdk:1.6,IDE:Eclipse 3.5.1

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  • how to make an import library

    - by user295030
    a requirement was sent to me below: API should be in the form of static library. company xxx will link the library into a third party application to prevent any possible exposure of the code(dll) could they mean an import library? An import library is a library that automates the process of loading and using a dynamic library. On Windows, this is typically done via a small static library (.lib) of the same name as the dynamic library (.dll). The static library is linked into the program at compile time, and then the functionality of the dynamic library can effectively be used as if it were a static library. this might be what they might be eluding to.....I am not sure how to make this in vs2008 . Additional facts: I have a static lib that i use in my current application. Now, I have to convert my app that uses that static lib into an import lib so that they can use a third party prog to access the API's they providede me which in turn will use that static lib i am using. I hope I am clearly explaining this. I am just not sure how to go about it in vs2008. I am looking for specific steps to do this. I already have the coding done. Just need to convert it into the form they are asking and I have to provide the API they want. Other than that then I need to create a test prog which will act as that third party prog so I can make sure my import library works.

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  • Can't resolve CalledFromWrongThreadException with Handler

    - by michel
    I will try to keep it simple: In my main activity I make a handler: public class ARViewer extends ARDisplayActivity { public final MHandler mHandler = new MHandler(this); public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ... The class MHandler: public final class MHandler extends Handler{ //main activity private ARViewer arnv; public MHandler(ARViewer arnv){ this.arnv = arnv; } @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ... case H_RR : arnv.setContentView(R.layout.routeplanner); break; ... super.handleMessage(msg); } } But if I call the handleMessage method from a callback function in a other Class, definitely from a other thread, I still get the exception message: CalledFromWrongThreadException (Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views) : public void rFound(Route route) { Message msg = new Message(); msg.what = MHandler.H_RR; ARViewer.arnv.mHandler.handleMessage(msg); }

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  • function pointers callbacks C

    - by robUK
    Hello, I have started to review callbacks. I found this link: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/142789/what-is-a-callback-in-c-and-how-are-they-implemented which has a good example of callback which is very similar to what we use at work. However, I have tried to get it to work, but I have many errors. #include <stdio.h> /* Is the actual function pointer? */ typedef void (*event_cb_t)(const struct event *evt, void *user_data); struct event_cb { event_cb_t cb; void *data; }; int event_cb_register(event_ct_t cb, void *user_data); static void my_event_cb(const struct event *evt, void *data) { /* do some stuff */ } int main(void) { event_cb_register(my_event_cb, &my_custom_data); struct event_cb *callback; callback->cb(event, callback->data); return 0; } I know that callback use function pointers to store an address of a function. But there is a few things that I find I don't understand. That is what is meet by "registering the callback" and "event dispatcher"? Many thanks for any advice,

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  • WebService: Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at 192.168.10.203:8080

    - by hp1
    Hi, I am trying to create a WebService. I am not able to access the URL. If I try to connect to http://192.168.10.203:8080/EchoBeanService/EchoBean?wsdl I get an error: Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at 192.168.10.203:8080 However, if I am able to connect to the using localhost in the URL: http://localhost:8080/EchoBeanService/EchoBean?wsdl Echo.java package services; public interface Echo { public String printEcho(); public String printEchoParam(String str); } EchoBean.java package model; import javax.jws.WebService; import javax.ejb.Stateless; import javax.jws.WebMethod; import services.Echo; @Stateless @WebService public class EchoBean implements Echo { public EchoBean(){} @WebMethod public String printEcho(){ return "WebServices Echo "; } @WebMethod public String printEchoParam(String str){ return ("In PrintEcho( String " + str +" )" ); } } -H

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  • UIImageView subclass with CGRectIntersectsRect - help!

    - by Flafla2
    The title of this question should be pretty self explanatory. I am making an app that involves multiple UIImageViews that serve the same purpose. They are merely different sizes. Anyway, I decided that the best solution was to make UIImageView subclasses, link the subcalsses in IB, and work from there. My code should explain this better - #define kPausedStatePaused 1 #define kPausedStatePlay 2 #import "Game.h" #import "ScoreSystem.h" @interface Doctor : UIImageView { } @end @interface Ground : UIImageView { } @end @interface Wall : UIImageView { } @end @interface Electric_Wire : UIImageView { } @end @implementation Game /* // The designated initializer. Override if you create the controller programmatically and want to perform customization that is not appropriate for viewDidLoad. - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil { if (self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]) { // Custom initialization } return self; } */ /* // Implement viewDidLoad to do additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; } */ - (IBAction)pause { UIAlertView *pause = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Pause" message:nil delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"Quit" otherButtonTitles:@"Play", nil]; [pause show]; [pause release]; pauseint = kPausedStatePaused; } - (void)viewDidAppear { pauseint = kPausedStatePlay; } - (void)loop { Doctor *doctorview; Ground *groundview; if (CGRectIntersectsRect(doctorview, groundview)) { } } - (void)alertView:(UIAlertView *)alertView clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex { if ([alertView.title isEqual:@"Pause"]) { if(buttonIndex == 0) [self dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES]; pauseint = kPausedStatePlay; } } // Override to allow orientations other than the default portrait orientation. - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { // Return YES for supported orientations return (interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight); } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview. [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Release any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use. } - (void)viewDidUnload { // Release any retained subviews of the main view. // e.g. self.myOutlet = nil; } - (void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; } @end Unsurprisingly, Xcode gave me an "incompatible type for CGRectIntersectsRect" error.

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  • Why MSMQ won't send a space character?

    - by cyclotis04
    I'm exploring MSMQ services, and I wrote a simple console client-server application that sends each of the client's keystrokes to the server. Whenever hit a control character (DEL, ESC, INS, etc) the server understandably throws an error. However, whenever I type a space character, the server receives the packet but doesn't throw an error and doesn't display the space. Server: namespace QIM { class Program { const string QUEUE = @".\Private$\qim"; static MessageQueue _mq; static readonly object _mqLock = new object(); static XmlSerializer xs; static void Main(string[] args) { lock (_mqLock) { if (!MessageQueue.Exists(QUEUE)) _mq = MessageQueue.Create(QUEUE); else _mq = new MessageQueue(QUEUE); } xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(string)); _mq.BeginReceive(new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0), new object(), OnReceive); while (Console.ReadKey().Key != ConsoleKey.Escape) { } } static void OnReceive(IAsyncResult result) { Message msg; lock (_mqLock) { try { msg = _mq.EndReceive(result); Console.Write("."); Console.Write(xs.Deserialize(msg.BodyStream)); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.Write(ex); } } _mq.BeginReceive(new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0), new object(), OnReceive); } } } Client: namespace QIM_Client { class Program { const string QUEUE = @".\Private$\qim"; static MessageQueue _mq; static void Main(string[] args) { if (!MessageQueue.Exists(QUEUE)) _mq = MessageQueue.Create(QUEUE); else _mq = new MessageQueue(QUEUE); ConsoleKeyInfo key = new ConsoleKeyInfo(); while (key.Key != ConsoleKey.Escape) { key = Console.ReadKey(); _mq.Send(key.KeyChar.ToString()); } } } } Client Input: Testing, Testing... Server Output: .T.e.s.t.i.n.g.,..T.e.s.t.i.n.g...... You'll notice that the space character sends a message, but the character isn't displayed.

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  • Implementing an interface with interface members

    - by jstark
    What is the proper way to implement an interface that has its own interface members? (am I saying that correctly?) Here's what I mean: public Interface IFoo { string Forty { get; set; } string Two { get; set; } } public Interface IBar { // other stuff... IFoo Answer { get; set; } } public class Foo : IFoo { public string Forty { get; set; } public string Two { get; set; } } public class Bar : IBar { // other stuff public Foo Answer { get; set; } //why doesnt' this work? } I've gotten around my problem using explicit interface implementation, but I'm wondering if there is a better way?

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  • memcache is not storing data accross requests

    - by morpheous
    I am new to using memcache, so I may be doing something wrong. I have written a wrapper class around memcache. The wrapper class has only static methods, so is a quasi singleton. The class looks something like this: class myCache { private static $memcache = null; private static $initialized = false; public static function init() { if (self::$initialized) return; self::$memcache = new Memcache(); if (self::configure()) //connects to daemon { self::store('foo', 'bar'); } else throw ConnectionError('I barfed'); } public static function store($key, $data, $flag=MEMCACHE_COMPRESSED, $timeout=86400) { if (self::$memcache->get($key)!== false) return self::$memcache->replace($key, $data, $flag, $timeout); return self::$memcache->set($key, $data, $flag, $timeout); } public static function fetch($key) { return self::$memcache->get($key); } } //in my index.php file, I use the class like this require_once('myCache.php'); myCache::init(); echo 'Stored value is: '. myCache::fetch('foo'); The problem is that the myCache::init() method is being executed in full everytime a page is requested. I then remembered that static variables do not maintain state accross page requests. So I decided instead, to store the flag that indicates whether the server contains the start up data (for our purposes, the variable 'foo', with value 'bar') in memcache itself. Once the status flag is stored in memcache itself, It solves the problem of the initialisation data being loaded for every page request (which quite frankly, defeats the purpose of memcache). However, having solved that problem, when I come to fetch the data in memcache, it is empty. I dont understand whats going on. Can anyone clarify how I can store my data once and retrieve it accross page requests? BTW, (just to clarify), the get/set is working correctly, and if I allow memcache to load the initialisation data for each page request, (which is silly), then the data is available in memcache.

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  • Can I get rid of this read lock?

    - by Pieter
    I have the following helper class (simplified): public static class Cache { private static readonly object _syncRoot = new object(); private static Dictionary<Type, string> _lookup = new Dictionary<Type, string>(); public static void Add(Type type, string value) { lock (_syncRoot) { _lookup.Add(type, value); } } public static string Lookup(Type type) { string result; lock (_syncRoot) { _lookup.TryGetValue(type, out result); } return result; } } Add will be called roughly 10/100 times in the application and Lookup will be called by many threads, many of thousands of times. What I would like is to get rid of the read lock. How do you normally get rid of the read lock in this situation? I have the following ideas: Require that _lookup is stable before the application starts operation. The could be build up from an Attribute. This is done automatically through the static constructor the attribute is assigned to. Requiring the above would require me to go through all types that could have the attribute and calling RuntimeHelpers.RunClassConstructor which is an expensive operation; Move to COW semantics. public static void Add(Type type, string value) { lock (_syncRoot) { var lookup = new Dictionary<Type, string>(_lookup); lookup.Add(type, value); _lookup = lookup; } } (With the lock (_syncRoot) removed in the Lookup method.) The problem with this is that this uses an unnecessary amount of memory (which might not be a problem) and I would probably make _lookup volatile, but I'm not sure how this should be applied. (John Skeets' comment here gives me pause.) Using ReaderWriterLock. I believe this would make things worse since the region being locked is small. Suggestions are very welcome.

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  • handling pointer to member functions within hierachy in C++

    - by anatoli
    Hi, I'm trying to code the following situation: I have a base class providing a framework for handling events. I'm trying to use an array of pointer-to-member-functions for that. It goes as following: class EH { // EventHandler virtual void something(); // just to make sure we get RTTI public: typedef void (EH::*func_t)(); protected: func_t funcs_d[10]; protected: void register_handler(int event_num, func_t f) { funcs_d[event_num] = f; } public: void handle_event(int event_num) { (this->*(funcs_d[event_num]))(); } }; Then the users are supposed to derive other classes from this one and provide handlers: class DEH : public EH { public: typedef void (DEH::*func_t)(); void handle_event_5(); DEH() { func_t f5 = &DEH::handle_event_5; register_handler(5, f5); // doesn't compile ........ } }; This code wouldn't compile, since DEH::func_t cannot be converted to EH::func_t. It makes perfect sense to me. In my case the conversion is safe since the object under this is really DEH. So I'd like to have something like that: void EH::DEH_handle_event_5_wrapper() { DEH *p = dynamic_cast<DEH *>(this); assert(p != NULL); p->handle_event_5(); } and then instead of func_t f5 = &DEH::handle_event_5; register_handler(5, f5); // doesn't compile in DEH::DEH() put register_handler(5, &EH::DEH_handle_event_5_wrapper); So, finally the question (took me long enough...): Is there a way to create those wrappers (like EH::DEH_handle_event_5_wrapper) automatically? Or to do something similar? What other solutions to this situation are out there? Thanks.

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  • how to execute two thread simultaneously in java swing?

    - by jcrshankar
    My aim is to select all the files named with MANI.txt which is present in their respective folders and then load path of the MANI.txt files different location in table. After I load the path in the table,I used to select needed path and modifiying those. To load the MANI.txt files taking more time,because it may present more than 30 times in my workspace or etc. until load the files I want to give alarm to the user with help of ProgessBar.Once the list size has been populated I need to disable ProgressBar. Could anyone please help me out on this? import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.table.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; public class JTableHeaderCheckBox extends JFrame implements ActionListener { Object colNames[] = {"", "Path"}; Object[][] data = {}; DefaultTableModel dtm; JTable table; JButton but; java.util.List list; public void buildGUI() { dtm = new DefaultTableModel(data,colNames); table = new JTable(dtm); table.setAutoResizeMode(JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_OFF); int vColIndex = 0; TableColumn col = table.getColumnModel().getColumn(vColIndex); int width = 10; col.setPreferredWidth(width); int vColIndex1 = 1; TableColumn col1 = table.getColumnModel().getColumn(vColIndex1); int width1 = 500; col1.setPreferredWidth(width1); JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser(); //chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new java.io.File(".")); chooser.setDialogTitle("Choose workSpace Path"); chooser.setFileSelectionMode(JFileChooser.DIRECTORIES_ONLY); chooser.setAcceptAllFileFilterUsed(false); if (chooser.showOpenDialog(this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION){ System.out.println("getCurrentDirectory(): " + chooser.getCurrentDirectory()); System.out.println("getSelectedFile() : " + chooser.getSelectedFile().getAbsolutePath()); } String path= chooser.getSelectedFile().getAbsolutePath(); File folder = new File(path); Here I need progress bar GatheringFiles ob = new GatheringFiles(); list=ob.returnlist(folder); for(int x = 0; x < list.size(); x++) { dtm.addRow(new Object[]{new Boolean(false),list.get(x).toString()}); } JPanel pan = new JPanel(); JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(table); TableColumn tc = table.getColumnModel().getColumn(0); tc.setCellEditor(table.getDefaultEditor(Boolean.class)); tc.setCellRenderer(table.getDefaultRenderer(Boolean.class)); tc.setHeaderRenderer(new CheckBoxHeader(new MyItemListener())); but = new JButton("REMOVE"); JFrame f = new JFrame(); pan.add(sp); but.move(650, 50); but.addActionListener(this); pan.add(but); f.add(pan); f.setSize(700, 100); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setVisible(true); } class MyItemListener implements ItemListener { public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) { Object source = e.getSource(); if (source instanceof AbstractButton == false) return; boolean checked = e.getStateChange() == ItemEvent.SELECTED; for(int x = 0, y = table.getRowCount(); x < y; x++) { table.setValueAt(new Boolean(checked),x,0); } } } public static void main (String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable(){ public void run(){ new JTableHeaderCheckBox().buildGUI(); } }); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(e.getSource()==but) { System.err.println("table.getRowCount()"+table.getRowCount()); for(int x = 0, y = table.getRowCount(); x < y; x++) { if("true".equals(table.getValueAt(x, 0).toString())) { System.err.println(table.getValueAt(x, 0)); System.err.println(list.get(x).toString()); delete(list.get(x).toString()); } } } } public void delete(String a) { String delete = "C:"; System.err.println(a); try { File inFile = new File(a); if (!inFile.isFile()) { System.out.println("Parameter is not an existing file"); return; } //Construct the new file that will later be renamed to the original filename. File tempFile = new File(inFile.getAbsolutePath() + ".tmp"); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(inFile)); PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(tempFile)); String line = null; //Read from the original file and write to the new //unless content matches data to be removed. while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { System.err.println(line); line = line.replace(delete, " "); pw.println(line); pw.flush(); } pw.close(); br.close(); //Delete the original file if (!inFile.delete()) { System.out.println("Could not delete file"); return; } //Rename the new file to the filename the original file had. if (!tempFile.renameTo(inFile)) System.out.println("Could not rename file"); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } class CheckBoxHeader extends JCheckBox implements TableCellRenderer, MouseListener { protected CheckBoxHeader rendererComponent; protected int column; protected boolean mousePressed = false; public CheckBoxHeader(ItemListener itemListener) { rendererComponent = this; rendererComponent.addItemListener(itemListener); } public Component getTableCellRendererComponent( JTable table, Object value, boolean isSelected, boolean hasFocus, int row, int column) { if (table != null) { JTableHeader header = table.getTableHeader(); if (header != null) { rendererComponent.setForeground(header.getForeground()); rendererComponent.setBackground(header.getBackground()); rendererComponent.setFont(header.getFont()); header.addMouseListener(rendererComponent); } } setColumn(column); rendererComponent.setText("Check All"); setBorder(UIManager.getBorder("TableHeader.cellBorder")); return rendererComponent; } protected void setColumn(int column) { this.column = column; } public int getColumn() { return column; } protected void handleClickEvent(MouseEvent e) { if (mousePressed) { mousePressed=false; JTableHeader header = (JTableHeader)(e.getSource()); JTable tableView = header.getTable(); TableColumnModel columnModel = tableView.getColumnModel(); int viewColumn = columnModel.getColumnIndexAtX(e.getX()); int column = tableView.convertColumnIndexToModel(viewColumn); if (viewColumn == this.column && e.getClickCount() == 1 && column != -1) { doClick(); } } } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { handleClickEvent(e); ((JTableHeader)e.getSource()).repaint(); } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { mousePressed = true; } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { } } ****************** import java.io.File; import java.util.*; public class GatheringFiles { public static List returnlist(File folder) { List<File> list = new ArrayList<File>(); List<File> list1 = new ArrayList<File>(); getFiles(folder, list); return list; } private static void getFiles(File folder, List<File> list) { folder.setReadOnly(); File[] files = folder.listFiles(); for(int j = 0; j < files.length; j++) { if( "MANI.txt".equals(files[j].getName())) { list.add(files[j]); } if(files[j].isDirectory()) getFiles(files[j], list); } } }

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  • C# generics method invocation

    - by Firat KÜÇÜK
    Hi, i have some polymorphic methods and i want to call via using an intermediate method. Following class is the simplified version of my program. class Program { public class A { } public class B { } public class C { } public void SomeMethod(A value) { Console.WriteLine("A value"); } public void SomeMethod(B value) { Console.WriteLine("B value"); } public void SomeMethod(C value) { Console.WriteLine("C value"); } static void Main(string[] args) { Program p = new Program(); // code block p.IntermediateMethod<A>(new A()); p.IntermediateMethod<B>(new B()); p.IntermediateMethod<C>(new C()); } public void IntermediateMethod<T>(T value) { // code block SomeMethod(value); // code block } }

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  • java singleton instantiation

    - by jurchiks
    I've found three ways of instantiating a Singleton, but I have doubts as to whether any of them is the best there is. I'm using them in a multi-threaded environment and prefer lazy instantiation. Sample 1: private static final ClassName INSTANCE = new ClassName(); public static ClassName getInstance() { return INSTANCE; } Sample 2: private static class SingletonHolder { public static final ClassName INSTANCE = new ClassName(); } public static ClassName getInstance() { return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE; } Sample 3: private static ClassName INSTANCE; public static synchronized ClassName getInstance() { if (INSTANCE == null) INSTANCE = new ClassName(); return INSTANCE; } The project I'm using ATM uses Sample 2 everywhere, but I kind of like Sample 3 more. There is also the Enum version, but I just don't get it. The question here is - in which cases I should/shouldn't use any of these variations? I'm not looking for lengthy explanations though (there's plenty of other topics about that, but they all eventually turn into arguing IMO), I'd like it to be understandable with few words.

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  • dynamical binding or switch/case?

    - by kingkai
    A scene like this: I've different of objects do the similar operation as respective func() implements. There're 2 kinds of solution for func_manager() to call func() according to different objects Solution 1: Use virtual function character specified in c++. func_manager works differently accroding to different object point pass in. class Object{ virtual void func() = 0; } class Object_A : public Object{ void func() {}; } class Object_B : public Object{ void func() {}; } void func_manager(Object* a) { a->func(); } Solution 2: Use plain switch/case. func_manager works differently accroding to different type pass in typedef _type_t { TYPE_A, TYPE_B }type_t; void func_by_a() { // do as func() in Object_A } void func_by_b() { // do as func() in Object_A } void func_manager(type_t type) { switch(type){ case TYPE_A: func_by_a(); break; case TYPE_B: func_by_b(); default: break; } } My Question are 2: 1. at the view point of DESIGN PATTERN, which one is better? 2. at the view point of RUNTIME EFFCIENCE, which one is better? Especailly as the kinds of Object increases, may be up to 10-15 total, which one's overhead oversteps the other? I don't know how switch/case implements innerly, just a bunch of if/else? Thanks very much!

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  • Different behaviour of method overloading in C#

    - by Wondering
    Hi All, I was going through C# Brainteasers(http://www.yoda.arachsys.com/csharp/teasers.html) and came accross one question:what should be the o/p of below code class Base { public virtual void Foo(int x) { Console.WriteLine ("Base.Foo(int)"); } } class Derived : Base { public override void Foo(int x) { Console.WriteLine ("Derived.Foo(int)"); } public void Foo(object o) { Console.WriteLine ("Derived.Foo(object)"); } } class Test { static void Main() { Derived d = new Derived(); int i = 10; d.Foo(i); // it prints ("Derived.Foo(object)" } } but if I change the code to enter code here class Derived { public void Foo(int x) { Console.WriteLine("Derived.Foo(int)"); } public void Foo(object o) { Console.WriteLine("Derived.Foo(object)"); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Derived d = new Derived(); int i = 10; d.Foo(i); // prints Derived.Foo(int)"); Console.ReadKey(); } } I want to why the o/p is getting changde when we are inheriting vs not inheriting , why method overloading is behaving differently in both the cases

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  • Can I Automap a tree hierarchy with Fluent NHibernate?

    - by NakChak
    Is it possible to auto map a simple nested object structure? Something like this: public class Employee : Entity { public Employee() { this.Manages = new List<Employee>(); } public virtual string FirstName { get; set; } public virtual string LastName { get; set; } public virtual bool IsLineManager { get; set; } public virtual Employee Manager { get; set; } public virtual IList<Employee> Manages { get; set; } } It causes the following error at run time: Repeated column in mapping for collection: SharpKtulu.Core.Employee.Manages column: EmployeeFk Is it possible to automap this sort of structure, or do I have override the auto mapper for this sort of structure?

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