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• How to find Tomcat's PID and kill it in python?

  - by 4herpsand7derpsago

  Normally, one shuts down Apache Tomcat by running its shutdown.sh script (or batch file). In some cases, such as when Tomcat's web container is hosting a web app that does some crazy things with multi-threading, running shutdown.sh gracefully shuts down some parts of Tomcat (as I can see more available memory returning to the system), but the Tomcat process keeps running. I'm trying to write a simple Python script that: Calls shutdown.sh Runs ps -aef | grep tomcat to find any process with Tomcat referenced If applicable, kills the process with kill -9 <PID> Here's what I've got so far (as a prototype - I'm brand new to Python BTW): #!/usr/bin/python # Imports import sys import subprocess # Load from imported module. if __init__ == "__main__": main() # Main entry point. def main(): # Shutdown Tomcat shutdownCmd = "sh ${TOMCAT_HOME}/bin/shutdown.sh" subprocess.call([shutdownCmd], shell=true) # Check for PID grepCmd = "ps -aef | grep tomcat" grepResults = subprocess.call([grepCmd], shell=true) if(grepResult.length > 1): # Get PID and kill it. pid = ??? killPidCmd = "kill -9 $pid" subprocess.call([killPidCmd], shell=true) # Exit. sys.exit() I'm struggling with the middle part - with obtaining the grep results, checking to see if their size is greater than 1 (since grep always returns a reference to itself, at least 1 result will always be returned, methinks), and then parsing that returned PID and passing it into the killPidCmd. Thanks in advance!

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• In what order should the Python concepts be explained to absolute beginners?

  - by Tomaž Pisanski

  I am teaching Python to undergraduate math majors. I am interested in the optimal order in which students should be introduced to various Python concepts. In my view, at each stage the students should be able to solve a non-trivial programming problem using only the tools available at that time. Each new tool should enable a simpler solution to a familiar problem. A selection of numerous concepts available in Python is essential in order to keep students focused. They should also motivated and should appreciate each newly mastered tool without too much memorization. Here are some specific questions: For instance, my predecessor introduced lists before strings. I think the opposite is a better solution. Should function definitions be introduced at the very beginning or after mastering basic structured programming ideas, such as decisions (if) and loops (while)? Should sets be introduced before dictionaries? Is it better to introduce reading and writing files early in the course or should one use input and print for most of the course? Any suggestions with explanations are most welcome.

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• Problems with Threading in Python 2.5, KeyError: 51, Help debugging?

  - by vignesh-k

  I have a python script which runs a particular script large number of times (for monte carlo purpose) and the way I have scripted it is that, I queue up the script the desired number of times it should be run then I spawn threads and each thread runs the script once and again when its done. Once the script in a particular thread is finished, the output is written to a file by accessing a lock (so my guess was that only one thread accesses the lock at a given time). Once the lock is released by one thread, the next thread accesses it and adds its output to the previously written file and rewrites it. I am not facing a problem when the number of iterations is small like 10 or 20 but when its large like 50 or 150, python returns a KeyError: 51 telling me element doesn't exist and the error it points out to is within the lock which puzzles me since only one thread should access the lock at once and I do not expect an error. This is the class I use: class errorclass(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, queue): self.__queue=queue threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): while 1: item = self.__queue.get() if item is None: break result = myfunction() lock = threading.RLock() lock.acquire() ADD entries from current thread to entries in file and REWRITE FILE lock.release() queue = Queue.Queue() for i in range(threads): errorclass(queue).start() for i in range(desired iterations): queue.put(i) for i in range(threads): queue.put(None) Python returns with KeyError: 51 for large number of desired iterations during the adding/write file operation after lock access, I am wondering if this is the correct way to use the lock since every thread has a lock operation rather than every thread accessing a shared lock? What would be the way to rectify this?

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• How can I kill off a Python web app on GAE early following a redirect?

  - by Mike Hayes

  Hi Disclaimer: completely new to Python from a PHP background Ok I'm using Python on Google App Engine with Google's webapp framework. I have a function which I import as it contains things which need to be processed on each page. def some_function(self): if data['user'].new_user and not self.request.path == '/main/new': self.redirect('/main/new') This works fine when I call it, but how can I make sure the app is killed off after the redirection. I don't want anything else processing. For example I will do this: class Dashboard(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): some_function(self) #Continue with normal code here self.response.out.write('Some output here') I want to make sure that once the redirection is made in some_function() (which works fine), that no processing is done in the get() function following the redirection, nor is the "Some output here" outputted. What should I be looking at to make this all work properly? I can't just exit the script because the webapp framework needs to run. I realise that more than likely I'm just doing things in completely the wrong way any way for a Python app, so any guidance would be a great help. Hopefully I have explained myself properly and someone will be able to point me in the right direction. Thanks

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• Python file iterator over a binary file with newer idiom.

  - by drewk

  In Python, for a binary file, I can write this: buf_size=1024*64 # this is an important size... with open(file, "rb") as f: while True: data=f.read(buf_size) if not data: break # deal with the data.... With a text file that I want to read line-by-line, I can write this: with open(file, "r") as file: for line in file: # deal with each line.... Which is shorthand for: with open(file, "r") as file: for line in iter(file.readline, ""): # deal with each line.... This idiom is documented in PEP 234 but I have failed to locate a similar idiom for binary files. I have tried this: >>> with open('dups.txt','rb') as f: ... for chunk in iter(f.read,''): ... i+=1 >>> i 1 # 30 MB file, i==1 means read in one go... I tried putting iter(f.read(buf_size),'') but that is a syntax error because of the parens after the callable in iter(). I know I could write a function, but is there way with the default idiom of for chunk in file: where I can use a buffer size versus a line oriented? Thanks for putting up with the Python newbie trying to write his first non-trivial and idiomatic Python script.

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• Linear Interpolation. How to implement this algorithm in C ? (Python version is given)

  - by psihodelia

  There exists one very good linear interpolation method. It performs linear interpolation requiring at most one multiply per output sample. I found its description in a third edition of Understanding DSP by Lyons. This method involves a special hold buffer. Given a number of samples to be inserted between any two input samples, it produces output points using linear interpolation. Here, I have rewritten this algorithm using Python: temp1, temp2 = 0, 0 iL = 1.0 / L for i in x: hold = [i-temp1] * L temp1 = i for j in hold: temp2 += j y.append(temp2 *iL) where x contains input samples, L is a number of points to be inserted, y will contain output samples. My question is how to implement such algorithm in ANSI C in a most effective way, e.g. is it possible to avoid the second loop? NOTE: presented Python code is just to understand how this algorithm works. UPDATE: here is an example how it works in Python: x=[] y=[] hold=[] num_points=20 points_inbetween = 2 temp1,temp2=0,0 for i in range(num_points): x.append( sin(i*2.0*pi * 0.1) ) L = points_inbetween iL = 1.0/L for i in x: hold = [i-temp1] * L temp1 = i for j in hold: temp2 += j y.append(temp2 * iL) Let's say x=[.... 10, 20, 30 ....]. Then, if L=1, it will produce [... 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ...]

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• Is False == 0 and True == 1 in Python an implementation detail or guaranteed by the language?

  - by EOL

  Is it guaranteed that False == 0 and True == 1, in Python? For instance, is it in any way guaranteed that the following code will always produce the same results, whatever the version of Python (existing and in the foreseeable future)? 0 == False # True 1 == True # True ['zero', 'one'][False] # is 'zero' Any reference to the official documentation would be much appreciated! Other comments would be appreciated too… :) Edit: As noted in many answers, bool inherits from int. The question can therefore be recast as: "Is this an implementation detail that might change in the future, or does the documentation officially say that programmers can rely on booleans inheriting from integers?". This question is relevant for writing robust code that won't fail because of implementation details! Edit 2: The original question is still open, I believe (even though I accepted what I thought was the closest answer): even though Python 3 officially recognizes booleans as integers, I have not yet seen any official integer values for False and True… It therefore looks to me like it is best to stay clear from the assumption that False==0 and True==1.

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• Can't log in to GNOME after upgrade (raring -> saucy)

  - by x-yuri

  I've just upgraded my ubuntu (raring to saucy) and I now can't log in to GNOME. As opposed to virtual consoles (Ctrl-Alt-F1, for example). I set it up to log in automatically. But it asks for password now. I type in the password, press Enter, the screen blinks and here I am again at the login screen. Then I looked into /var/log/Xorg.0.log: [ 33.956] Initializing built-in extension DRI2 [ 33.956] (II) LoadModule: "glx" [ 33.956] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so [ 33.956] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 33.956] compiled for 1.14.3, module version = 1.0.0 [ 33.956] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 7.0 [ 33.956] (==) AIGLX enabled [ 33.956] Loading extension GLX [ 33.956] (==) Matched fglrx as autoconfigured driver 0 [ 33.956] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 1 [ 33.956] (==) Matched fglrx as autoconfigured driver 2 [ 33.956] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 3 [ 33.956] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 4 [ 33.956] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 5 [ 33.956] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 6 [ 33.956] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout [ 33.956] (II) LoadModule: "fglrx" [ 33.957] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fglrx [ 33.957] (II) UnloadModule: "fglrx" [ 33.957] (II) Unloading fglrx [ 33.957] (EE) Failed to load module "fglrx" (module does not exist, 0) [ 33.957] (II) LoadModule: "ati" [ 33.957] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module ati [ 33.957] (II) UnloadModule: "ati" [ 33.957] (II) Unloading ati [ 33.957] (EE) Failed to load module "ati" (module does not exist, 0) [ 33.957] (II) LoadModule: "vesa" [ 33.957] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so [ 33.957] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 33.957] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 2.3.2 [ 33.957] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 33.957] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 33.957] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting" [ 33.957] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so [ 33.957] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 33.957] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.8.0 [ 33.957] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 33.957] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 33.957] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev" [ 33.957] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so [ 33.958] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 33.958] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.4.3 [ 33.958] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 33.958] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 33.958] (==) Matched fglrx as autoconfigured driver 0 [ 33.958] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 1 [ 33.958] (==) Matched fglrx as autoconfigured driver 2 [ 33.958] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 3 [ 33.958] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 4 [ 33.958] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 5 [ 33.958] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 6 [ 33.958] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout [ 33.958] (II) LoadModule: "fglrx" [ 33.958] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fglrx [ 33.958] (II) UnloadModule: "fglrx" [ 33.958] (II) Unloading fglrx [ 33.958] (EE) Failed to load module "fglrx" (module does not exist, 0) [ 33.958] (II) LoadModule: "ati" [ 33.958] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module ati [ 33.958] (II) UnloadModule: "ati" [ 33.958] (II) Unloading ati [ 33.958] (EE) Failed to load module "ati" (module does not exist, 0) [ 33.958] (II) LoadModule: "vesa" [ 33.958] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so [ 33.958] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 33.958] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 2.3.2 [ 33.958] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 33.958] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 33.958] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa" [ 33.958] (II) Unloading vesa [ 33.958] (II) Failed to load module "vesa" (already loaded, 0) [ 33.958] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting" [ 33.959] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so [ 33.959] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 33.959] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.8.0 [ 33.959] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 33.959] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 33.959] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting" [ 33.959] (II) Unloading modesetting [ 33.959] (II) Failed to load module "modesetting" (already loaded, 0) [ 33.959] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev" [ 33.959] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so [ 33.959] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 33.959] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.4.3 [ 33.959] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 33.959] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 33.959] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev" [ 33.959] (II) Unloading fbdev [ 33.959] (II) Failed to load module "fbdev" (already loaded, 0) [ 33.959] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa [ 33.959] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms [ 33.959] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev [ 33.959] (++) using VT number 7 If I install fglrx, it reads: [ 37.152] Initializing built-in extension DRI2 [ 37.152] (II) LoadModule: "glx" [ 37.152] (II) Loading /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules/modules/extensions/libglx.so [ 37.152] (II) Module glx: vendor="Advanced Micro Devices, Inc." [ 37.152] compiled for 6.9.0, module version = 1.0.0 [ 37.152] Loading extension GLX [ 37.153] (==) Matched fglrx as autoconfigured driver 0 [ 37.153] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 1 [ 37.153] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 2 [ 37.153] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 3 [ 37.153] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 4 [ 37.153] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout [ 37.153] (II) LoadModule: "fglrx" [ 37.153] (II) Loading /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules/modules/drivers/fglrx_drv.so [ 37.168] (II) Module fglrx: vendor="FireGL - AMD Technologies Inc." [ 37.168] compiled for 1.4.99.906, module version = 13.10.10 [ 37.168] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 37.168] (II) Loading sub module "fglrxdrm" [ 37.168] (II) LoadModule: "fglrxdrm" [ 37.168] (II) Loading /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules/modules/linux/libfglrxdrm.so [ 37.169] (II) Module fglrxdrm: vendor="FireGL - AMD Technologies Inc." [ 37.169] compiled for 1.4.99.906, module version = 13.10.10 [ 37.169] (II) LoadModule: "ati" [ 37.169] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module ati [ 37.169] (II) UnloadModule: "ati" [ 37.169] (II) Unloading ati [ 37.169] (EE) Failed to load module "ati" (module does not exist, 0) [ 37.169] (II) LoadModule: "vesa" [ 37.169] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so [ 37.169] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 37.169] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 2.3.2 [ 37.169] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 37.169] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 37.169] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting" [ 37.170] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so [ 37.170] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 37.170] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.8.0 [ 37.170] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 37.170] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 37.170] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev" [ 37.170] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so [ 37.170] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 37.170] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.4.3 [ 37.170] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 37.170] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 37.170] (==) Matched fglrx as autoconfigured driver 0 [ 37.170] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 1 [ 37.170] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 2 [ 37.170] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 3 [ 37.170] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 4 [ 37.170] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout [ 37.170] (II) LoadModule: "fglrx" [ 37.170] (II) Loading /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules/modules/drivers/fglrx_drv.so [ 37.170] (II) Module fglrx: vendor="FireGL - AMD Technologies Inc." [ 37.170] compiled for 1.4.99.906, module version = 13.10.10 [ 37.170] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 37.170] (II) LoadModule: "ati" [ 37.170] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module ati [ 37.170] (II) UnloadModule: "ati" [ 37.171] (II) Unloading ati [ 37.171] (EE) Failed to load module "ati" (module does not exist, 0) [ 37.171] (II) LoadModule: "vesa" [ 37.171] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so [ 37.171] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 37.171] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 2.3.2 [ 37.171] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 37.171] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 37.171] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa" [ 37.171] (II) Unloading vesa [ 37.171] (II) Failed to load module "vesa" (already loaded, 0) [ 37.171] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting" [ 37.171] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so [ 37.171] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 37.171] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.8.0 [ 37.171] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 37.171] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 37.171] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting" [ 37.171] (II) Unloading modesetting [ 37.171] (II) Failed to load module "modesetting" (already loaded, 0) [ 37.171] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev" [ 37.171] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so [ 37.171] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 37.171] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.4.3 [ 37.171] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 37.171] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 37.171] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev" [ 37.171] (II) Unloading fbdev [ 37.171] (II) Failed to load module "fbdev" (already loaded, 0) [ 37.171] (II) AMD Proprietary Linux Driver Version Identifier:13.10.10 [ 37.171] (II) AMD Proprietary Linux Driver Release Identifier: UNSUPPORTED-13.101 [ 37.171] (II) AMD Proprietary Linux Driver Build Date: May 23 2013 15:49:35 [ 37.171] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa [ 37.171] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms [ 37.171] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev [ 37.171] (++) using VT number 7 I did more installing/removing packages than that. There were a moment when it said: (EE) Failed to load /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so: /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so: undefined symbol: _glapi_tls_Context Also there is init: not found in ~/.xsession-errors: /usr/sbin/lightdm-session: 5: exec: init: not found Actually, I'm out of ideas. What about you? :)

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• Noob-Ready Cython Tutorials

  - by spearfire

  I know a bunch of scripting languages, (python, ruby, lua, php) but I don't know any compiled languages like C/C++ , I wanted to try and speed up some python code using cython, which is essentially a python - C compiler, aimed at creating C extensions for python. Basically you code in a stricter version of python which compiles into C - native code. here's the problem, I don't know C, yet the cython documentation is aimed at people who obviously already know C (nothing is explained, only presented), and is of no help to me, I need to know if there are any good cython tutorials aimed at python programmers, or if I'm gonna have to learn C before I learn Cython. bear in mind I'm a competent python programmer, i would much rather learn cython from the perspective of the language I'm already good at, rather than learn a whole new language in order to learn cython. 1) PLEASE don't recommend psyco edit: ANY information that will help understand the oficial cython docs is useful information

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• Facebook publish HTTP Error 400 : bad request

  - by Abhishek

  Hey I am trying to publish a score to Facebook through python's urllib2 library. import urllib2,urllib url = "https://graph.facebook.com/USER_ID/scores" data = {} data['score']=SCORE data['access_token']='APP_ACCESS_TOKEN' data_encode = urllib.urlencode(data) request = urllib2.Request(url, data_encode) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) responseAsString = response.read() I am getting this error: response = urllib2.urlopen(request) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 124, in urlopen return _opener.open(url, data, timeout) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 389, in open response = meth(req, response) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 502, in http_response 'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 427, in error return self._call_chain(*args) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 361, in _call_chain result = func(*args) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 510, in http_error_default raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp) urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad Request Not sure if this is relating to Facebook's Open Graph or improper urllib2 API use.

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• Using sub filters/queries in Google App Engine

  - by fredrik

  Hi, I'm trying to use figure out how to sub query a query that uses a filter. From what I've figured out so far while using .filter() it changes the original query, that leads to a second .filter() would also have to match the first filter. I would like to make something like this: modules = data.Modules.all().filter('page = ', page.key()) modules.filter('name = ', 'Test') modules.filter('name = ', 'Test2') I can't get the "Test2" filter to work. The only solution I have at the moment is to make all new queries. data.Modules.all().filter('page = ', page.key()).filter('name = ', "Test").get() data.Modules.all().filter('page = ', page.key()).filter('name = ', "Test2").get() Or write the same as an GQL. But for me it seams quite stupid way to go. I've looked at using ancestors, but I don't quite understand it and honestly don't know if that's the way to go. Any ideas? ..fredrik

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• Cython Speed Boost vs. Usability

  - by zubin71

  I just came across Cython, while I was looking out for ways to optimize Python code. I read various posts on stackoverflow, the python wiki and read the article "General Rules for Optimization". Cython is something which grasps my interest the most; instead of writing C-code for yourself, you can choose to have other datatypes in your python code itself. Here is a silly test i tried, #!/usr/bin/python # test.pyx def test(value): for i in xrange(value): i**2 if(i==1000000): print i test(10000001) $ time python test.pyx real 0m16.774s user 0m16.745s sys 0m0.024s $ time cython test.pyx real 0m0.513s user 0m0.196s sys 0m0.052s Now, honestly, i`m dumbfounded. The code which I have used here is pure python code, and all I have changed is the interpreter. In this case, if cython is this good, then why do people still use the traditional Python interpretor? Are there any reliability issues for Cython?

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• zend_navigation and modules

  - by Grant Collins

  Hi, I am developing an application at the moment with zend and I have seperated the app into modules. The default module is the main site where unlogged in users access and have free reign to look around. When you log in, depending on the user type you either go to module A or module B, which is controlled by simple ACLs. If you have access to Module A you can not access Module B and visa versa. Both user types can see the default module. Now I want to use Zend_Navigation to manage the entire applications navigation in all modules. I am not sure how to go about this, as all the examples that I have seen work within a module or very simple application. I've tried to have my navigation.xml file look like this: <configdata> <navigation> <label>Home</label> <controller>index</controller> <action>index</action> <module>default</module> <pages> <tour> <label>tour</label> <controller>tour</controller> <action>index</action> <module>default</module> </tour> <blog> <label>blog</label> <url>http://blog.mysite.com</url> </blog> <support> <label>Support</label> <controller>support</controller> <action>index</action> <module>default</module> </support> </pages> </navigation> </configdata> This if fine for the default module, but how would I go about the other modules to this navigation page? Each module has it's own home page, and others etc. Would I be better off adding a unique navigation.xml file for each module that is loaded in the preDispatch plugin that I have written to handle my ACLs?? Or keep them in one massive navigation file? Any tips would be fantastic. Thanks, Grant

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• WxPython Incompatible With Snow Leopard?

  - by Alex

  Hello all, Recently I upgraded to Snow Leopard, and now I can't run programs built with wxPython. The errors I get are (from Eclipse + PyDev): import wx File "/var/tmp/wxWidgets/wxWidgets-13~231/2.6/DSTROOT/System/Library/Frameworks /Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/ python/wx-2.8-mac-unicode/wx/__init__.py", line 45, in <module> File "/var/tmp/wxWidgets/wxWidgets-13~231/2.6/DSTROOT /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib /python/wx-2.8-mac-unicode/wx/_core.py", line 4, in <module> ImportError:/System/Library/Frameworks /Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python /wx-2.8-mac-unicode/wx/_core_.so: no appropriate 64-bit architecture (see "man python" for running in 32-bit mode) I don't really understand them and would appreciate if you could help me to do so, also, if you do know what's going on, how can I go about fixing them? Maybe this has something to do with the fact that Snow Leopard is 64-bit? Thanks!!

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• creating PHP C/C++ extension modules using SWIG

  - by morpheous

  I have written some C/C++ extension modules for PHP, using the 'old fashioned way' - i.e. by using the manual way (as described by Sarah Golemon in her book). This is too fiddly for me, and since I am lazy, and would like to automate as much as possible. Also, I have used SWIG now to generate extensions to Python, and I am getting to like using it quite a lot. I am thinking of using SWIG to generate my future PHP extensions. I am using PHP v5.2 (and above) on my production servers. My questions are: Is SWIG PHP interface stable yet (i.e. ready for production)? If you answered yes to question 1 -are YOU using it in YOUR production site? Are there any 'gotchas' I need to be aware of when creating PHP extension ,modules using SWIG?

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• How do I find out if the variable is declared in Python?

  - by golergka

  I want to use a module as a singleton referenced in other modules. It looks something like this (that's not actually a code I'm working on, but I simplified it to throw away all unrelated stuff): main.py import singleton import printer def main(): singleton.Init(1,2) printer.Print() if __name__ == '__main__': pass singleton.py variable1 = '' variable2 = '' def Init(var1, var2) variable1 = var1 variable2 = var2 printer.py import singleton def Print() print singleton.variable1 print singleton.variable2 I expect to get output 1/2, but instead get empty space. I understand that after I imported singleton to the print.py module the variables got initialized again. So I think that I must check if they were intialized before in singleton.py: if not (variable1): variable1 = '' if not (variable2) variable2 = '' But I don't know how to do that. Or there is a better way to use singleton modules in python that I'm not aware of :)

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• Log4j - Logging to multiple log files based on the project modules

  - by Veera

  Consider this scenario: I have a project with two modules and one common module as below (the package structure): com.mysite.moduleone com.mysite.moduletwo com.mysite.commonmodule In the above, the commonmodule classes can be used by other two modules. The question: I need to configureLog4J such a way that the log messages from moduleone and moduletwo goes to different log file. I can always do this using using category. But the real problem is when I want to log the messages from the commonmodule also. So, when the commonmodule classes are called from moduleone the commonmodule log messages should go to the moduleone log file. If the commonmodule is accesse from moduletwo the commonmodule log messages should go to moduletwo log file. Is it possible to configure Log4J in this fashion? Any comments? PS: I think I made my question clear. If any confusion, leave a comment, wil try to clear it. :)

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• Interpreted vs. Compiled vs. Late-Binding

  - by zubin71

  Python is compiled into an intermediate bytecode(pyc) and then executed. So, there is a compilation followed by interpretation. However, long-time Python users say that Python is a "late-binding" language and that it should`nt be referred to as an interpreted language. How would Python be different from another interpreted language? Could you tell me what "late-binding" means, in the Python context? Java is another language which first has source code compiled into bytecode and then interpreted into bytecode. Is Java an interpreted/compiled language? How is it different from Python in terms of compilation/execution? Java is said to not have, "late-binding". Does this have anything to do with Java programs being slighly faster than Python? Itd be great if you could also give me links to places where people have already discussed this; id love to read more on this. Thank you.

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• associating a filetype with a batch script, and getting parameters passed to file of that type.

  - by Carson Myers

  Sorry for the cryptic title. I have associated python scripts with a batch file that looks like this: python %* I did this because on my machine, python is installed at C:\python26 and I prefer not to reinstall it (for some reason, it won't let me add a file association to the python interpreter. I can copy the executable to Program Files and it works -- but nothing out of Program Files seems to work). Anyways, I can do this, so far: C:\py django-admin C:\py python "C:\python26\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\django-admin.py" Type 'django-admin.py help' for usage. C:\py django-admin startproject myProj C:\py python "C:\python26\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\django-admin.py" Type 'django-admin.py help' for usage. but the additional parameters don't get passed along to the batch script. This is getting very annoying, all I want to do is run python scripts :) How can I grab the rest of the parameters in this situation?

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• Making self-logging modules with Log::Log4perl

  - by Oesor

  Is there a way to use Log::Log4perl to make a smart self-logging module that logs its operations to a file even in the absence of the calling script not initializing Log4perl? As far as I can tell from the documentation, the only way to use Log4perl is to initialize it in the running script from a configuration, then modules implementing Log4perl calls log themselves based on the caller's Log4perl config. Instead, I'd like the modules to provide a default initialization config for Log4perl. This would provide the default file appender for the module's category. Then, I could override this behavior by initing Log4perl in the caller with a different config if needed, and everything would hopefully just work. Is this sort of defensive logging behavior possible or am I going to need to rely on initing Log4perl in every .pl script that calls the module I want logged?

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• Can StructureMap load modules/assemblies on demand?

  - by IgorM

  Are there facilities in StructureMap that will allow me to load services from other modules (assemblies) on demand like it's done in Unity?

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• Calling software modules (Java, Perl, etc.) from R

  - by harshsinghal

  I've recently started using R for Natural Language Processing tasks and find that a lot of applications are available in Java and Perl (for my purposes). For example: A few perl modules are available to find distance measures between words by querying Wordnet. I am aware of the R Wordnet package, but it does not perform the tasks that these CPAN modules do. Many Java packages for NLP are out there, which I'd like to use from within R. I know of rJava, RSPerl, the simple system command amongst others, but I'd like more examples of how I could make calls to Java and Perl applications from R. Recently I tried capturing console output from a perl script. cat( 'print "Hello World\n";',file="hello.pl" ) system(command="c:\Perl64\bin\perl hello.pl") system(command=paste(Sys.getenv("COMSPEC"),"/c","C:\Perl64\bin\perl hello.pl")) None of the above system commands showed 'Hello World' on the R console. I've used "system" before to run perl scripts to perform tasks without wanting to capture console output. Any hints and redirection to other more extensive sources of information would be highly appreciated. Thank you

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• why does perl allow mutually "use" relationship between modules

  - by Haiyuan Zhang

  let's say there two modules mutualy use each othe as: package a; use b; sub p {} 1; package b; use a; 1; I think symatically it's wrong to wrote code like the above code, cus the two modules will endlessly copy each other's code to themselves...but I can successfully run the following code, which makes me very surprised. so could any of you explain all of this to me? #! /usr/bin/perl use a; a->p();

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• How should I build a simple database package for my python application?

  - by Carson Myers

  I'm building a database library for my application using sqlite3 as the base. I want to structure it like so: db/ __init__.py users.py blah.py etc.py So I would do this in Python: import db db.users.create('username', 'password') I'm suffering analysis paralysis (oh no!) about how to handle the database connection. I don't really want to use classes in these modules, it doesn't really seem appropriate to be able to create a bunch of "users" objects that can all manipulate the same database in the same ways -- so inheriting a connection is a no-go. Should I have one global connection to the database that all the modules use, and then put this in each module: #users.py from db_stuff import connection Or should I create a new connection for each module and keep that alive? Or should I create a new connection for every transaction? How are these database connections supposed to be used? The same goes for cursor objects: Do I create a new cursor for each transaction? Create just one for each database connection?

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• how to add multiple modules to a single page in digitalus

  - by jspeshu

  when i do some thing like this i can see the module <div id='search' class="module"> <digitalusControl type='moduleSelector' id='module' label="searchM" group='mods' /> </div> but i want to have two modules so i make something like this <div id='search' class="module"> <digitalusControl type='moduleSelector' id='modulesearch' label="searchM" group='mods' /> </div> <div id='search' class="module"> <digitalusControl type='moduleSelector' id='modulenews' label="newsM" group='mods' /> </div> plz help how can i create multiple modules since i can't create another element "digitalusControl" with id "module" i really need this plz help EDIT: even worse a template with only one module, this single line is not working for me

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