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  • Make @JsonTypeInfo property optional

    - by Mark Peters
    I'm using @JsonTypeInfo to instruct Jackson to look in the @class property for concrete type information. However, sometimes I don't want to have to specify @class, particularly when the subtype can be inferred given the context. What's the best way to do that? Here's an example of the JSON: { "owner": {"name":"Dave"}, "residents":[ {"@class":"jacksonquestion.Dog","breed":"Greyhound"}, {"@class":"jacksonquestion.Human","name":"Cheryl"}, {"@class":"jacksonquestion.Human","name":"Timothy"} ] } and I'm trying to deserialize them into these classes (all in jacksonquestion.*): public class Household { private Human owner; private List<Animal> residents; public Human getOwner() { return owner; } public void setOwner(Human owner) { this.owner = owner; } public List<Animal> getResidents() { return residents; } public void setResidents(List<Animal> residents) { this.residents = residents; } } public class Animal {} public class Dog extends Animal { private String breed; public String getBreed() { return breed; } public void setBreed(String breed) { this.breed = breed; } } public class Human extends Animal { private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } } using this config: @JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.CLASS, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY, property = "@class") private static class AnimalMixin { } //... ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); objectMapper.getDeserializationConfig().addMixInAnnotations(Animal.class, AnimalMixin.class); Household household = objectMapper.readValue(json, Household.class); System.out.println(household); As you can see, the owner is declared as a Human, not an Animal, so I want to be able to omit @class and have Jackson infer the type as it normally would. When I run this though, I get org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException: Unexpected token (END_OBJECT), expected FIELD_NAME: missing property '@class' that is to contain type id (for class jacksonquestion.Human) Since "owner" doesn't specify @class. Any ideas? One initial thought I had was to use @JsonTypeInfo on the property rather than the type. However, this cannot be leveraged to annotate the element type of a list.

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  • The SQL Server Reporting Services SDK for PHP Debuts

    - by The Official Microsoft IIS Site
    Microsoft has just released the SQL Server Reporting Services SDK for PHP, which enables PHP developers to easily create reports and integrate them in their web applications. The SDK offers a simple Application Programming Interface to interoperate with SQL Server Reporting Services, Microsoft's Reporting and Business Intelligence solution. Developers will be able to use the SDK to perform common operations like listing reports in PHP applications, providing custom report parameters from a PHP...(read more)

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  • JsonParseException on Valid JSON

    - by user2909602
    I am having an issue calling a RESTful service from my client code. I have written the RESTful service using CXF/Jackson, deployed to localhost, and tested using RESTClient successfully. Below is a snippet of the service code: @POST @Produces("application/json") @Consumes("application/json") @Path("/set/mood") public Response setMood(MoodMeter mm) { this.getMmDAO().insert(mm); return Response.ok().entity(mm).build(); } The model class and dao work successfully and the service itself works fine using RESTClient. However, when I attempt to call this service from Java Script, I get the error below on the server side: Caused by: org.codehaus.jackson.JsonParseException: Unexpected character ('m' (code 109)): expected a valid value (number, String, array, object, 'true', 'false' or 'null') I have copied the client side code below. To make sure it has nothing to do with the JSON data itself, I used a valid JSON string (which works using RESTClient, JSON.parse() method, and JSONLint) in the vars 'json' (string) and 'jsonData' (JSON). Below is the Java Script code: var json = '{"mood_value":8,"mood_comments":"new comments","user_id":5,"point":{"latitude":37.292929,"longitude":38.0323323},"created_dtm":1381546869260}'; var jsonData = JSON.parse(json); $.ajax({ url: 'http://localhost:8080/moodmeter/app/service/set/mood', dataType: 'json', data: jsonData, type: "POST", contentType: "application/json" }); I've seen the JsonParseException a number of times on other threads, but in this case the JSON itself appears to be valid (and tested). Any thoughts are appreciated.

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  • Turning a JSON list into a POJO

    - by Josh L
    I'm having trouble getting this bit of JSON into a POJO. I'm using Jackson configured like this: protected ThreadLocal<ObjectMapper> jparser = new ThreadLocal<ObjectMapper>(); public void receive(Object object) { try { if (object instanceof String && ((String)object).length() != 0) { ObjectDefinition t = null ; if (parserChoice==0) { if (jparser.get()==null) { jparser.set(new ObjectMapper()); } t = jparser.get().readValue((String)object, ObjectDefinition.class); } Object key = t.getKey(); if (key == null) return; transaction.put(key,t); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } Here's the JSON that needs to be turned into a POJO: { "id":"exampleID1", "entities":{ "tags":[ { "text":"textexample1", "indices":[ 2, 14 ] }, { "text":"textexample2", "indices":[ 31, 36 ] }, { "text":"textexample3", "indices":[ 37, 43 ] } ] } And lastly, here's what I currently have for the java class: protected Entities entities; @JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true) protected class Entities { public Entities() {} protected Tags tags; @JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true) protected class Tags { public Tags() {} protected String text; public String getText() { return text; } public void setText(String text) { this.text = text; } }; public Tags getTags() { return tags; } public void setTags(Tags tags) { this.tags = tags; } }; //Getters & Setters ... I've been able to translate the more simple objects into a POJO, but the list has me stumped. Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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  • In Mercurial, what is the exact step that Peter or me has to do so that he gets back the rolled back

    - by Jian Lin
    The short question is: if I hg rollback, how does Peter get my rolled back version if he cloned from me? What are the exact steps he or me has to do or type? This is related to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3034793/in-mercurial-when-peter-hg-clone-me-and-i-commit-and-he-pull-and-update-he-g The details: After the following steps, Mary has 7 and Peter has 11. My repository is 7 What are the exact steps Peter or me has to do or type SO THAT PETER GETS 7 back? F:\>mkdir hgme F:\>cd hgme F:\hgme>hg init F:\hgme>echo the code is 7 > code.txt F:\hgme>hg add code.txt F:\hgme>hg commit -m "this is version 1" F:\hgme>cd .. F:\>hg clone hgme hgpeter updating to branch default 1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved F:\>cd hgpeter F:\hgpeter>type code.txt the code is 7 F:\hgpeter>cd .. F:\>cd hgme F:\hgme>notepad code.txt [now i change 7 to 11] F:\hgme>hg commit -m "this is version 2" F:\hgme>cd .. F:\>cd hgpeter F:\hgpeter>hg pull pulling from f:\hgme searching for changes adding changesets adding manifests adding file changes added 1 changesets with 1 changes to 1 files (run 'hg update' to get a working copy) F:\hgpeter>hg update 1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved F:\hgpeter>type code.txt the code is 11 F:\hgpeter>cd .. F:\>cd hgme F:\hgme>hg rollback rolling back last transaction F:\hgme>cd .. F:\>hg clone hgme hgmary updating to branch default 1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved F:\>cd hgmary F:\hgmary>type code.txt the code is 7 F:\hgmary>cd .. F:\>cd hgpeter F:\hgpeter>hg pull pulling from f:\hgme searching for changes no changes found F:\hgpeter>hg update 0 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved F:\hgpeter>type code.txt the code is 11 F:\hgpeter>

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  • Warning: This class was probably produced by a broken compiler.

    - by Michal Dymel
    I have added Jacson libs to my android project and now I am getting such warnings in console: warning: Ignoring InnerClasses attribute for an anonymous inner class that doesn't come with an associated EnclosingMethod attribute. (This class was probably produced by a broken compiler.) I've tried to recompile libs, but it didn't help. Warnings are gone when I remove these libs from project. Everything is working fine on the device, but this annoys me ;) Do you know any solution?

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  • How to get the ObjectId value from MongoDB?

    - by LVarayut
    I'm using Jongo with Play framework 2, java. I added some data into my MongoDB. {"_id" : ObjectId("538dafffbf6b562617252178"), ... } However, when I fetched the ObjectId from the database, it gave me like: de.undercouch.bson4jackson.types.ObjectId@484431ff instead of 538dafffbf6b562617252178. I don't quite understand how can I get the ObjectId value. My class is defined as following: public class Product { @JsonProperty("_id") protected String id; ... public Product() { } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } } EDIT In order to fetch the data, I simply use find() function provided by Jongo as following: public static Iterable<Product> findAll(){ return products().find().as(Product.class); }

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  • Grails and googleJsonAPIService

    - by Calahad
    I am using the googleJsonAPIService to manipulate users (CRUD). This is how I get the Directory instance: def getBuilder() { def builder def httpTransport = googleJsonAPIService.makeTransport() def jsonFactory = googleJsonAPIService.makeJsonFactory() def requestInitialiser = googleJsonAPIService.getRequestInitialiser() builder = new Directory.Builder(httpTransport, jsonFactory, requestInitialiser); return builder } Directory getGoogleService() { Directory googleService = getBuilder().build() return googleService; } Once I have this service, I use it to get a user's details (in my own service) for example: def query = getGoogleService().users().get(id) return handleException { query.execute() } I manually populate a DTO with the result of that query, and this is where my question comes: Is there an elegant way to have this mapping (object returned to DTO) done automatically so all I have to do is pass the class of the object to be returned? This is the structure of the object returned by google : ["agreedToTerms":true,"changePasswordAtNextLogin":false, "creationTime":"2013-11-04T04:33:35.000Z", "emails":[{"address":"[email protected]","primary":true}],...]

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  • Porting a piece of Lisp code to Clojure (PAIP)

    - by Robert Brown
    I'm reading Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming (PAIP) by Peter Norvig and I'm trying to write all the code in Clojure rather than common Lisp. However I'm stuck on this piece of code on page 39: (defparameter *simple-grammar* '((sentence -> (noun-phrase verb-phrase)) (noun-phrase -> (Article Noun)) (verb-phrase -> (Verb noun-phrase)) (Article -> the a) (Noun -> man ball woman table) (Verb -> hit took saw liked)) "A grammar for a trivial subset of English.") (defvar *grammar* *simple-grammar*) How can I translate this into Clojure? Thanks.

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  • In Mercurial, when Peter "hg clone" me, and I commit and he pull and update, he gets my version, but

    - by Jian Lin
    That is, in Mercurial, if Peter cloned from me by hg clone c:\mycode into his e:\code let's say there is a file code.txt and it contains the text the code is 7 Now, when I change it to the code is 11 and hg commit, then he can get my code using hg pull and hg update. Now his version says the code is 11 But if I decide the change was wrong and hg rollback, then my repository should have the 7 version, while the working directory should have the 11 version. So when Peter does an hg pull and hg update, he should be sync'ed up to my current repository, which is the 7, but I found that it is not the case -- he still gets the 11 version. Why is that? Can he get the rolled back code (the 7)? Does Git behave the same way too?

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  • LINQ OrderBy: best search results at top of results list

    - by p.campbell
    Consider the need to search a list of Customer by both first and last names. The desire is to have the results list sorted by the Customer with the most matches in the search terms. FirstName LastName ---------- --------- Foo Laurie Bar Jackson Jackson Bro Laurie Foo Jackson Laurie string[] searchTerms = new string[] {"Jackson", "Laurie"}; //want to find those customers with first, last or BOTH names in the searchTerms var matchingCusts = Customers .Where(m => searchTerms.Contains(m.FirstName) || searchTerms.Contains(m.LastName)) .ToList(); /* Want to sort for those results with BOTH FirstName and LastName matching in the search terms. Those that match on both First and Last should be at the top of the results, the rest who match on one property should be below. */ return matchingCusts.OrderBy(m=>m); Desired Sort: Jackson Laurie (matches on both properties) Foo Laurie Bar Jackson Jackson Bro Laurie Foo How can I achieve this desired functionality with LINQ and OrderBy / OrderByDescending?

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  • Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 406 (Not Acceptable)

    - by skip
    I am trying to send json data and get back json data as well. I've <annotation-driven /> configured in my servlet-context.xml and I am using Spring framework version 3.1.0.RELEASE. When I send the request the browser tells me that it is not happy with the data returned from the server and gives me 406 error. And when I see the response from the server I see the whole 406 page returned by tomcat 6 server. I have got following in my pom for Jackson/Jackson processor: <!-- Jackson --> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId> <version>1.9.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> <version>1.9.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-xc</artifactId> <version>1.9.4</version> </dependency> <!-- Jackson JSON Processor --> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> <version>1.8.1</version> </dependency> Following is the jquery code I am using to send the json request: $(function(){$(".sutmit-button").click(function(){ var dataString=$("#app-form").serialize(); $.ajax({ type:"POST", url:"apply.json", data:dataString, success:function(data, textStatus, jqXHR){ console.log(jqXHR.status); console.log(data); $('.postcontent').html("<div id='message'></div>"); $('#message').html("<h3>Request Submitted</h3>").append("<p>Thank you for submiting your request.</p>").hide().fadeIn(1500,function(){$('#message');}); }, error:function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) { console.log(jqXHR.status); $('.postcontent').html("<div id='message'></div>"); $('#message').html("<h3>Request failed.</h3>").hide().fadeIn(1500,function(){$('#message');}); }, dataType: "json" }); return false;});}); Following is the Controller that is handling the request: @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST, value="apply", headers="Accept=application/json") public @ResponseBody Application processFranchiseeApplicationForm(HttpServletRequest request) { //... Application application = new Application(...); //... logger.debug(application); return application; } I am not able to figure out the reason why I might be getting this error. Could someone help me understand why am I getting the given error? Thanks.

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  • JSON: Jackson stream parser - is it really worth it?

    - by synic
    I'm making pretty heavy use of JSON parsing in an app I'm writing. Most of what I have done is already implemented using Android's built in JSONObject library (is it json-lib?). JSONObject appears to create instances of absolutely everything in the JSON string... even if I don't end up using all of them. My app currently runs pretty well, even on a G1. My question is this: are the speed and memory benefits from using a stream parser like Jackson worth all the trouble? By trouble, I mean this: As far as I can tell, there are three downsides to using Jackson instead of the built in library: Dependency on an external library. This makes your .apk bigger in the end. Not a huge deal. Your app is more fragile. Since the parsing is not done automatically, it is more vulnerable to changes in the JSON text that it's parsing. I'm extremely worried that malformed JSON will result in infinite loops (as pull parsing requires a lot of while loops). Writing code to parse JSON via a stream parser is ugly and tedious.

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  • SQL: How to select rows from a table while ignoring the duplicate field values?

    - by Maxxon
    How to select rows from a table while ignoring the duplicate field values? Here is an example: id user_id message 1 Adam "Adam is here." 2 Peter "Hi there this is Peter." 3 Peter "I am getting sick." 4 Josh "Oh, snap. I'm on a boat!" 5 Tom "This show is great." 6 Laura "Textmate rocks." What i want to achive is to select the recently active users from my db. Let's say i want to select the 5 recently active users. The problem is, that the following script selects Peter twice. mysql_query("SELECT * FROM messages ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 5 "); What i want is to skip the row when it gets again to Peter, and select the next result, in our case Adam. So i don't want to show my visitors that the recently active users were Laura, Tom, Josh, Peter, and Peter again. That does not make any sense, instead i want to show them this way: Laura, Tom, Josh, Peter, (skipping Peter) and Adam. Is there an SQL command i can use for this problem?

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  • TechEd Video: The Largest Code Camp In the World ?!?

    Check out this short 2 minute video chat with ASP.NET MVP, Peter Kellner. Peter is the primary coordinator for the Silicon Valley Code Camp and claims that it is the largest in the world. DevExpress is happy to sponsor this 2-day event and I hope to attend it this year in October 2010. Watch the video to learn more about the Silicon Valley Code Camp and Peter Kellner: Links mentioned in the video: Silicon Valley Code Camp Peter Kellners Blog & Twitter Thanks Peter! Drop me a line...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • TechEd Video: The Largest Code Camp In the World ?!?

    Check out this short 2 minute video chat with ASP.NET MVP, Peter Kellner. Peter is the primary coordinator for the Silicon Valley Code Camp and claims that it is the largest in the world. DevExpress is happy to sponsor this 2-day event and I hope to attend it this year in October 2010. Watch the video to learn more about the Silicon Valley Code Camp and Peter Kellner: Links mentioned in the video: Silicon Valley Code Camp Peter Kellners Blog & Twitter Thanks Peter! Drop me a line...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • Delete corrupted folder

    - by Peter Becich
    I am trying to delete a folder in my home directory; its name is completely garbled. In Nautilus, the garbled text is followed by 'Invalid Directory.' Deleting it with Nautilus stalls; I can't type in the garbled name in the terminal. peter@io_vbox:~$ ls -lbdR * ... drwxrwxr-x 3 peter peter 4096 Jul 28 15:19 \346>\3152\357+\332)\363*\356,\253-\277+H&\266\033z\v\373\366\340\340?\314\022\274P\262\003\260?\303p\326\342\351\214\374f\016X\036r)!.\026 ... Any ideas? Running 12.04; if it's of any importance, this is running in VirtualBox on a Macbook Air. It was installed through VirtualBox. I don't have any other signs of SSD failure that I've picked up on -- referring to this question: Random files (invalid encoding) appearing in home directory Thanks

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  • Group by SQL with count

    - by snorlaks
    Lets say we have got rows like that: MyTable ID Name Product 1 Adam x 2 Adam y 3 Adam z 4 Peter a 5 Peter b Using query like: Select Name, Count(Product) from MyTable group by Name results will be: Adam 3 Peter 2 But I would like results like: 1 Adam x 3 2 Adam y 3 3 Adam z 3 4 Peter a 2 5 Peter b 2 I hope Ypu know what I mean Could You help me with that query, thanks for help, Bye

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  • Setting an instanced class property overwrites the property in all instances.

    - by Peter Moore
    I have two instances of a class. Setting a property in the first instance will set it for the second instance too. Why? It shouldn't. The property is not a "prototype property". Check the code below, what happens to Peter Griffin? Two objects are created and given the name "Peter Griffin" and "Roger Moore" but the alert boxes will say "Peter Moore" and "Roger Moore". What happened to Peter Griffin? var BaseClass = function(){ this.name = ""; this.data = {}; this.data.lastname = ""; } var ExtendedClass = function(){ this.setName = function(fname, lname){ this.name = fname; this.data.lastname = lname; } this.hello = function(){ alert("Full name: " + this.name + " " + this.data.lastname); } } ExtendedClass.prototype = new BaseClass(); pilot = new ExtendedClass(); driver = new ExtendedClass(); pilot.setName("Peter", "Griffin"); driver.setName("Roger", "Moore"); pilot.hello(); // Full name: Peter Moore driver.hello(); // Full name: Roger Moore

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  • Python Multiword Index

    - by Manab Chetia
    index = {'Michael': [['mj.com',1], ['Nine.com',9],['i.com', 34]], / 'Jackson': [['One.com',4],['mj.com', 2],['Nine.com', 10], ['i.com', 45]], / 'Thriller' : [['Seven.com', 7], ['Ten.com',10], ['One.com', 5], ['mj.com',3]} # In this dictionary (index), for eg: 'KEYWORD': # [['THE LINK in which KEYWORD is present,'POSITION # of KEYWORD in the page specified by link']] eg: Michael is present in MJ.com, NINE.com, and i.com at positions 1, 9, 34 of respective pages. Please help me with a python procedure which takes index and KEYWORDS as input. When i enter 'MICHAEL'. The result should be: >>['mj.com', 'nine.com', 'i.com'] When I enter 'MICHAEL JACKSON'. The result should be : >>['mj.com', 'Nine.com'] as 'Michael' and 'Jackson' are present at 'mj.com' and 'nine.com' consecutively i.e. in positions (1,2) & (9,10) respectively. The result should not show 'i.com' even though it contains both KEYWORDS but they are not placed consecutively. When I enter 'MICHAEL JACKSON THRILLER', the result should be ['mj.com'] as the 3 words 'MICHAEL', 'JACKSON', 'THRILLER' are placed consecutively in 'mj.com' ie positions (1, 2, 3) respectively. If I enter 'THRILLER JACKSON' or 'THRILLER FEDERER', the result should be NONE.

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  • Postfix mail server: can't connect via POP/IMAP

    - by MelkerOVan
    I've followed this guide on setting up a mail server on my dedicated server. I've been able to send mails from the php application I'm using and the linux commandline (using telnet, php, etc). The problem is that I cannot connect to the server via IMAP/POP which I've setup using Courier. I've tried using thunderbird but it complains that the username or password is wrong. I doubt it is the username/password but I don't know how to trouble shoot this. Edit: Here's the messages in mail.log: Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: received auth request, service=imap, authtype=login Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: trying this module Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: SQL query: SELECT id, crypt, "", uid, gid, home, "", "", name, "" FROM users WHERE id = '[email protected]' AND (enabled=1) Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: password matches successfully Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, [email protected], fullname=peter, maildir=<null>, quota=<null>, options=<null> Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: clearpasswd=<null>, passwd=6SrBcYq65l8QU Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, [email protected], fullname=peter, maildir=<null>, quota=<null>, options=<null> Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=peter, passwd=6SrBcYq65l8QU Jan 9 22:43:38 mail imapd: chdir Maildir: No such file or directory

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  • Mail server: can't connect via POP/IMAP

    - by MelkerOVan
    I've followed this guide on setting up a mail server on my dedicated server. I've been able to send mails from the php application I'm using and the linux commandline (using telnet, php, etc). The problem is that I cannot connect to the server via IMAP/POP which I've setup using Courier. I've tried using thunderbird but it complains that the username or password is wrong. I doubt it is the username/password but I don't know how to trouble shoot this. Edit: Here's the messages in mail.log: Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: received auth request, service=imap, authtype=login Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: trying this module Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: SQL query: SELECT id, crypt, "", uid, gid, home, "", "", name, "" FROM users WHERE id = '[email protected]' AND (enabled=1) Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: password matches successfully Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, [email protected], fullname=peter, maildir=<null>, quota=<null>, options=<null> Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: clearpasswd=<null>, passwd=password Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, [email protected], fullname=peter, maildir=<null>, quota=<null>, options=<null> Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=peter, passwd=password Jan 9 22:43:38 mail imapd: chdir Maildir: No such file or directory

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  • How LINQ to Object statements work

    - by rajbk
    This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to  find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17:  18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22:  23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34:  35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15).  For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  The output displays the same two employees.  Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post,  that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14:  15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a  filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15:  16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22:  23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40:  41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47:  48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>.  Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1:  2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1:  2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13:  14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20:  21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55:  56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods.  So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16:  17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23:  24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31:  32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38:  39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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  • Why is Java EE 6 better than Spring ?

    - by arungupta
    Java EE 6 was released over 2 years ago and now there are 14 compliant application servers. In all my talks around the world, a question that is frequently asked is Why should I use Java EE 6 instead of Spring ? There are already several blogs covering that topic: Java EE wins over Spring by Bill Burke Why will I use Java EE instead of Spring in new Enterprise Java projects in 2012 ? by Kai Waehner (more discussion on TSS) Spring to Java EE migration (Part 1 and 2, 3 and 4 coming as well) by David Heffelfinger Spring to Java EE - A Migration Experience by Lincoln Baxter Migrating Spring to Java EE 6 by Bert Ertman and Paul Bakker at NLJUG Moving from Spring to Java EE 6 - The Age of Frameworks is Over at TSS Java EE vs Spring Shootout by Rohit Kelapure and Reza Rehman at JavaOne 2011 Java EE 6 and the Ewoks by Murat Yener Definite excuse to avoid Spring forever - Bert Ertman and Arun Gupta I will try to share my perspective in this blog. First of all, I'd like to start with a note: Thank you Spring framework for filling the interim gap and providing functionality that is now included in the mainstream Java EE 6 application servers. The Java EE platform has evolved over the years learning from frameworks like Spring and provides all the functionality to build an enterprise application. Thank you very much Spring framework! While Spring was revolutionary in its time and is still very popular and quite main stream in the same way Struts was circa 2003, it really is last generation's framework - some people are even calling it legacy. However my theory is "code is king". So my approach is to build/take a simple Hello World CRUD application in Java EE 6 and Spring and compare the deployable artifacts. I started looking at the official tutorial Developing a Spring Framework MVC Application Step-by-Step but it is using the older version 2.5. I wasn't able to find any updated version in the current 3.1 release. Next, I downloaded Spring Tool Suite and thought that would provide some template samples to get started. A least a quick search did not show any handy tutorials - either video or text-based. So I searched and found a link to their SVN repository at src.springframework.org/svn/spring-samples/. I tried the "mvc-basic" sample and the generated WAR file was 4.43 MB. While it was named a "basic" sample it seemed to come with 19 different libraries bundled but it was what I could find: ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-validator-4.1.0.Final.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/joda-time-1.6.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/joda-time-jsptags-1.0.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-1.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar And it is not even using any database! The app deployed fine on GlassFish 3.1.2 but the "@Controller Example" link did not work as it was missing the context root. With a bit of tweaking I could deploy the application and assume that the account got created because no error was displayed in the browser or server log. Next I generated the WAR for "mvc-ajax" and the 5.1 MB WAR had 20 JARs (1 removed, 2 added): ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-validator-4.1.0.Final.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.6.4.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.6.4.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/joda-time-1.6.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-1.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar 2 more JARs for just doing Ajax. Anyway, deploying this application gave the following error: Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.codehaus.jackson.map.SerializationConfig.<init>(Lorg/codehaus/jackson/map/ClassIntrospector;Lorg/codehaus/jackson/map/AnnotationIntrospector;Lorg/codehaus/jackson/map/introspect/VisibilityChecker;Lorg/codehaus/jackson/map/jsontype/SubtypeResolver;)V    at org.springframework.samples.mvc.ajax.json.ConversionServiceAwareObjectMapper.<init>(ConversionServiceAwareObjectMapper.java:20)    at org.springframework.samples.mvc.ajax.json.JacksonConversionServiceConfigurer.postProcessAfterInitialization(JacksonConversionServiceConfigurer.java:40)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:407) Seems like some incorrect repos in the "pom.xml". Next one is "mvc-showcase" and the 6.49 MB WAR now has 28 JARs as shown below: ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/aspectjrt-1.6.10.jar./WEB-INF/lib/commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/commons-io-2.0.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/el-api-2.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-validator-4.1.0.Final.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/javax.inject-1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jdom-1.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/joda-time-1.6.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-api-1.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-impl-1.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar./WEB-INF/lib/rome-1.0.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-support-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar The app at least deployed and showed results this time. But still no database! Next I tried building "jpetstore" and got the error: [ERROR] Failed to execute goal on project org.springframework.samples.jpetstore:Could not resolve dependencies for project org.springframework.samples:org.springframework.samples.jpetstore:war:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT: Failed to collect dependencies for [commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload:jar:1.2.1 (compile), org.apache.struts:com.springsource.org.apache.struts:jar:1.2.9 (compile), javax.xml.rpc:com.springsource.javax.xml.rpc:jar:1.1.0 (compile), org.apache.commons:com.springsource.org.apache.commons.dbcp:jar:1.2.2.osgi (compile), commons-io:commons-io:jar:1.3.2 (compile), hsqldb:hsqldb:jar:1.8.0.7 (compile), org.apache.tiles:tiles-core:jar:2.2.0 (compile), org.apache.tiles:tiles-jsp:jar:2.2.0 (compile), org.tuckey:urlrewritefilter:jar:3.1.0 (compile), org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT (compile), org.springframework:spring-orm:jar:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT (compile), org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT (compile), org.springframework.webflow:spring-js:jar:2.0.7.RELEASE (compile), org.apache.ibatis:com.springsource.com.ibatis:jar:2.3.4.726 (runtime), com.caucho:com.springsource.com.caucho:jar:3.2.1 (compile), org.apache.axis:com.springsource.org.apache.axis:jar:1.4.0 (compile), javax.wsdl:com.springsource.javax.wsdl:jar:1.6.1 (compile), javax.servlet:jstl:jar:1.2 (runtime), org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:jar:1.6.5 (compile), javax.servlet:servlet-api:jar:2.5 (provided), javax.servlet.jsp:jsp-api:jar:2.1 (provided), junit:junit:jar:4.6 (test)]: Failed to read artifact descriptor for org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT: Could not transfer artifact org.springframework:spring-webmvc:pom:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT from/to JBoss repository (http://repository.jboss.com/maven2): Access denied to: http://repository.jboss.com/maven2/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT/spring-webmvc-3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT.pom It appears the sample is broken - maybe I was pulling from the wrong repository - would be great if someone were to point me at a good target to use here. With a 50% hit on samples in this repository, I started searching through numerous blogs, most of which have either outdated information (using XML-heavy Spring 2.5), some piece of configuration (which is a typical "feature" of Spring) is missing, or too much complexity in the sample. I finally found this blog that worked like a charm. This blog creates a trivial Spring MVC 3 application using Hibernate and MySQL. This application performs CRUD operations on a single table in a database using typical Spring technologies.  I downloaded the sample code from the blog, deployed it on GlassFish 3.1.2 and could CRUD the "person" entity. The source code for this application can be downloaded here. More details on the application statistics below. And then I built a similar CRUD application in Java EE 6 using NetBeans wizards in a couple of minutes. The source code for the application can be downloaded here and the WAR here. The Spring Source Tool Suite may also offer similar wizard-driven capabilities but this blog focus primarily on comparing the runtimes. The lack of STS tutorials was slightly disappointing as well. NetBeans however has tons of text-based and video tutorials and tons of material even by the community. One more bit on the download size of tools bundle ... NetBeans 7.1.1 "All" is 211 MB (which includes GlassFish and Tomcat) Spring Tool Suite  2.9.0 is 347 MB (~ 65% bigger) This blog is not about the tooling comparison so back to the Java EE 6 version of the application .... In order to run the Java EE version on GlassFish, copy the MySQL Connector/J to glassfish3/glassfish/domains/domain1/lib/ext directory and create a JDBC connection pool and JDBC resource as: ./bin/asadmin create-jdbc-connection-pool --datasourceclassname \\ com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource --restype \\ javax.sql.DataSource --property \\ portNumber=3306:user=mysql:password=mysql:databaseName=mydatabase \\ myConnectionPool ./bin/asadmin create-jdbc-resource --connectionpoolid myConnectionPool jdbc/myDataSource I generated WARs for the two projects and the table below highlights some differences between them: Java EE 6 Spring WAR File Size 0.021030 MB 10.87 MB (~516x) Number of files 20 53 (> 2.5x) Bundled libraries 0 36 Total size of libraries 0 12.1 MB XML files 3 5 LoC in XML files 50 (11 + 15 + 24) 129 (27 + 46 + 16 + 11 + 19) (~ 2.5x) Total .properties files 1 Bundle.properties 2 spring.properties, log4j.properties Cold Deploy 5,339 ms 11,724 ms Second Deploy 481 ms 6,261 ms Third Deploy 528 ms 5,484 ms Fourth Deploy 484 ms 5,576 ms Runtime memory ~73 MB ~101 MB Some points worth highlighting from the table ... 516x WAR file, 10x deployment time - With 12.1 MB of libraries (for a very basic application) bundled in your application, the WAR file size and the deployment time will naturally go higher. The WAR file for Spring-based application is 516x bigger and the deployment time is double during the first deployment and ~ 10x during subsequent deployments. The Java EE 6 application is fully portable and will run on any Java EE 6 compliant application server. 36 libraries in the WAR - There are 14 Java EE 6 compliant application servers today. Each of those servers provide all the functionality like transactions, dependency injection, security, persistence, etc typically required of an enterprise or web application. There is no need to bundle 36 libraries worth 12.1 MB for a trivial CRUD application. These 14 compliant application servers provide all the functionality baked in. Now you can also deploy these libraries in the container but then you don't get the "portability" offered by Spring in that case. Does your typical Spring deployment actually do that ? 3x LoC in XML - The number of XML files is about 1.6x and the LoC is ~ 2.5x. So much XML seems circa 2003 when the Java language had no annotations. The XML files can be further reduced, e.g. faces-config.xml can be replaced without providing i18n, but I just want to compare stock applications. Memory usage - Both the applications were deployed on default GlassFish 3.1.2 installation and any additional memory consumed as part of deployment/access was attributed to the application. This is by no means scientific but at least provides an initial ballpark. This area definitely needs more investigation. Another table that compares typical Java EE 6 compliant application servers and the custom-stack created for a Spring application ... Java EE 6 Spring Web Container ? 53 MB (tcServer 2.6.3 Developer Edition) Security ? 12 MB (Spring Security 3.1.0) Persistence ? 6.3 MB (Hibernate 4.1.0, required) Dependency Injection ? 5.3 MB (Framework) Web Services ? 796 KB (Spring WS 2.0.4) Messaging ? 3.4 MB (RabbitMQ Server 2.7.1) 936 KB (Java client 936) OSGi ? 1.3 MB (Spring OSGi 1.2.1) GlassFish and WebLogic (starting at 33 MB) 83.3 MB There are differentiating factors on both the stacks. But most of the functionality like security, persistence, and dependency injection is baked in a Java EE 6 compliant application server but needs to be individually managed and patched for a Spring application. This very quickly leads to a "stack explosion". The Java EE 6 servers are tested extensively on a variety of platforms in different combinations whereas a Spring application developer is responsible for testing with different JDKs, Operating Systems, Versions, Patches, etc. Oracle has both the leading OSS lightweight server with GlassFish and the leading enterprise Java server with WebLogic Server, both Java EE 6 and both with lightweight deployment options. The Web Container offered as part of a Java EE 6 application server not only deploys your enterprise Java applications but also provide operational management, diagnostics, and mission-critical capabilities required by your applications. The Java EE 6 platform also introduced the Web Profile which is a subset of the specifications from the entire platform. It is targeted at developers of modern web applications offering a reasonably complete stack, composed of standard APIs, and is capable out-of-the-box of addressing the needs of a large class of Web applications. As your applications grow, the stack can grow to the full Java EE 6 platform. The GlassFish Server Web Profile starting at 33MB (smaller than just the non-standard tcServer) provides most of the functionality typically required by a web application. WebLogic provides battle-tested functionality for a high throughput, low latency, and enterprise grade web application. No individual managing or patching, all tested and commercially supported for you! Note that VMWare does have a server, tcServer, but it is non-standard and not even certified to the level of the standard Web Profile most customers expect these days. Customers who choose this risk proprietary lock-in since VMWare does not seem to want to formally certify with either Java EE 6 Enterprise Platform or with Java EE 6 Web Profile but of course it would be great if they were to join the community and help their customers reduce the risk of deploying on VMWare software. Some more points to help you decide choose between Java EE 6 and Spring ... Freedom to choose container - There are 14 Java EE 6 compliant application servers today, with a variety of open source and commercial offerings. A Java EE 6 application can be deployed on any of those containers. So if you deployed your application on GlassFish today and would like to scale up with your demands then you can deploy the same application to WebLogic. And because of the portability of a Java EE 6 application, you can even take it a different vendor altogether. Spring requires a runtime which could be any of these app servers as well. But why use Spring when all the required functionality is already baked into the application server itself ? Spring also has a different definition of portability where they claim to bundle all the libraries in the WAR file and move to any application server. But we saw earlier how bloated that archive could be. The equivalent features in Spring runtime offerings (mainly tcServer) are not all open source, not as mature, and often require manual assembly.  Vendor choice - The Java EE 6 platform is created using the Java Community Process where all the big players like Oracle, IBM, RedHat, and Apache are conritbuting to make the platform successful. Each application server provides the basic Java EE 6 platform compliance and has its own competitive offerings. This allows you to choose an application server for deploying your Java EE 6 applications. If you are not happy with the support or feature of one vendor then you can move your application to a different vendor because of the portability promise offered by the platform. Spring is a set of products from a single company, one price book, one support organization, one sustaining organization, one sales organization, etc. If any of those cause a customer headache, where do you go ? Java EE, backed by multiple vendors, is a safer bet for those that are risk averse. Production support - With Spring, typically you need to get support from two vendors - VMWare and the container provider. With Java EE 6, all of this is typically provided by one vendor. For example, Oracle offers commercial support from systems, operating systems, JDK, application server, and applications on top of them. VMWare certainly offers complete production support but do you really want to put all your eggs in one basket ? Do you really use tcServer ? ;-) Maintainability - With Spring, you are likely building your own distribution with multiple JAR files, integrating, patching, versioning, etc of all those components. Spring's claim is that multiple JAR files allow you to go à la carte and pick the latest versions of different components. But who is responsible for testing whether all these versions work together ? Yep, you got it, its YOU! If something does not work, who patches and maintains the JARs ? Of course, you! Commercial support for such a configuration ? On your own! The Java EE application servers manage all of this for you and provide a well-tested and commercially supported bundle. While it is always good to realize that there is something new and improved that updates and replaces older frameworks like Spring, the good news is not only does a Java EE 6 container offer what is described here, most also will let you deploy and run your Spring applications on them while you go through an upgrade to a more modern architecture. End result, you get the best of both worlds - keeping your legacy investment but moving to a more agile, lightweight world of Java EE 6. A message to the Spring lovers ... The complexity in J2EE 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 led to the genesis of Spring but that was in 2004. This is 2012 and the name has changed to "Java EE 6" :-) There are tons of improvements in the Java EE platform to make it easy-to-use and powerful. Some examples: Adding @Stateless on a POJO makes it an EJB EJBs can be packaged in a WAR with no special packaging or deployment descriptors "web.xml" and "faces-config.xml" are optional in most of the common cases Typesafe dependency injection is now part of the Java EE platform Add @Path on a POJO allows you to publish it as a RESTful resource EJBs can be used as backing beans for Facelets-driven JSF pages providing full MVC Java EE 6 WARs are known to be kilobytes in size and deployed in milliseconds Tons of other simplifications in the platform and application servers So if you moved away from J2EE to Spring many years ago and have not looked at Java EE 6 (which has been out since Dec 2009) then you should definitely try it out. Just be at least aware of what other alternatives are available instead of restricting yourself to one stack. Here are some workshops and screencasts worth trying: screencast #37 shows how to build an end-to-end application using NetBeans screencast #36 builds the same application using Eclipse javaee-lab-feb2012.pdf is a 3-4 hours self-paced hands-on workshop that guides you to build a comprehensive Java EE 6 application using NetBeans Each city generally has a "spring cleanup" program every year. It allows you to clean up the mess from your house. For your software projects, you don't need to wait for an annual event, just get started and reduce the technical debt now! Move away from your legacy Spring-based applications to a lighter and more modern approach of building enterprise Java applications using Java EE 6. Watch this beautiful presentation that explains how to migrate from Spring -> Java EE 6: List of files in the Java EE 6 project: ./index.xhtml./META-INF./person./person/Create.xhtml./person/Edit.xhtml./person/List.xhtml./person/View.xhtml./resources./resources/css./resources/css/jsfcrud.css./template.xhtml./WEB-INF./WEB-INF/classes./WEB-INF/classes/Bundle.properties./WEB-INF/classes/META-INF./WEB-INF/classes/META-INF/persistence.xml./WEB-INF/classes/org./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/AbstractFacade.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/Person.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/Person_.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/PersonController$1.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/PersonController$PersonControllerConverter.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/PersonController.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/PersonFacade.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/util./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/util/JsfUtil.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/util/PaginationHelper.class./WEB-INF/faces-config.xml./WEB-INF/web.xml List of files in the Spring 3.x project: ./META-INF ./META-INF/MANIFEST.MF./WEB-INF./WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml./WEB-INF/classes./WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties./WEB-INF/classes/org./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/controller ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/controller/MainController.class ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/domain ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/domain/Person.class ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/service ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/service/PersonService.class ./WEB-INF/hibernate-context.xml ./WEB-INF/hibernate.cfg.xml ./WEB-INF/jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/addedpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/addpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/deletedpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/editedpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/editpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/personspage.jsp ./WEB-INF/lib ./WEB-INF/lib/antlr-2.7.6.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/cglib-nodep-2.2.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-digester-2.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/dom4j-1.6.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/ejb3-persistence-1.0.2.GA.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-commons-annotations-3.1.0.GA.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-core-3.3.2.GA.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/javassist-3.7.ga.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-1.1.2.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/jta-1.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/junit-4.8.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.14.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.14.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/persistence-api-1.0.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-jdbc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-orm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-tx-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/standard-1.1.2.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/xml-apis-1.0.b2.jar ./WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml ./WEB-INF/spring.properties ./WEB-INF/web.xml So, are you excited about Java EE 6 ? Want to get started now ? Here are some resources: Java EE 6 SDK (including runtime, samples, tutorials etc) GlassFish Server Open Source Edition 3.1.2 (Community) Oracle GlassFish Server 3.1.2 (Commercial) Java EE 6 using WebLogic 12c and NetBeans (Video) Java EE 6 with NetBeans and GlassFish (Video) Java EE with Eclipse and GlassFish (Video)

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