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  • Positioning a sprite in XNA: Use ClientBounds or BackBuffer?

    - by Martin Andersson
    I'm reading a book called "Learning XNA 4.0" written by Aaron Reed. Throughout most of the chapters, whenever he calculates the position of a sprite to use in his call to SpriteBatch.Draw, he uses Window.ClientBounds.Width and Window.ClientBounds.Height. But then all of a sudden, on page 108, he uses PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth and PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight instead. I think I understand what the Back Buffer and the Client Bounds are and the difference between those two (or perhaps not?). But I'm mighty confused about when I should use one or the other when it comes to positioning sprites. The author uses for the most part Client Bounds both for checking whenever a moving sprite is of the screen and to find a spawn point for new sprites. However, he seems to make two exceptions from this pattern in his book. The first time is when he wants some animated sprites to "move in" and cross the screen from one side to another (page 108 as mentioned). The second and last time is when he positions a texture to work as a button in the lower right corner of a Windows Phone 7 screen (page 379). Anyone got an idea? I shall provide some context if it is of any help. Here's how he usually calls SpriteBatch.Draw (code example from where he positions a sprite in the middle of the screen [page 35]): spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Vector2( (Window.ClientBounds.Width / 2) - (texture.Width / 2), (Window.ClientBounds.Height / 2) - (texture.Height / 2)), null, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, SpriteEffects.None, 0); And here is the first case of four possible in a switch statement that will set the position of soon to be spawned moving sprites, this position will later be used in the SpriteBatch.Draw call (page 108): // Randomly choose which side of the screen to place enemy, // then randomly create a position along that side of the screen // and randomly choose a speed for the enemy switch (((Game1)Game).rnd.Next(4)) { case 0: // LEFT to RIGHT position = new Vector2( -frameSize.X, ((Game1)Game).rnd.Next(0, Game.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight - frameSize.Y)); speed = new Vector2(((Game1)Game).rnd.Next( enemyMinSpeed, enemyMaxSpeed), 0); break;

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  • Why is Samba Access from Windows So Slow?

    - by swalker2001
    I have set up a file server using Ubuntu 12.04 Server. The purpose is to serve several network drives to Windows users that have heretofore been served by numerous NAS drives. I have Samba set up with one share defined so far. I can connect to it fine from my test Windows 7 and Windows XP machines. When I do a directory listing on the share from Windows, it can take up to two minutes to get all the files listed--would have taken about 1.5 seconds when I was using the Buffalo NAS. Sometimes it times out with no response at all. I have used the default smb.conf and simply added the following for the share I have set up so far: [engineering] comment = Ubuntu File Server Share path = /networkdriveshares/engineering browsable = yes guest ok = yes read only = no create mask = 0755 I have tried changing the workgroup setting to the Active Domain name our Windows computer use but didn't notice any difference. The only other change I made to the default smb.conf was adding in the recommended socket settings: SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 socket options = TCP_NODELAY Lots of information about slow Samba shares online but I have tried all of the solutions I have found and none have made a lick of difference. If there is no solution, is there a better way to set up a file server to be used by Windows clients?

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  • Why do my gvfs mounts not show up under ~/.gvfs?

    - by kynan
    From what I read, when mounting a network share via nautilus or gvfs-mount the mount point should be in ~/.gvfs. This seems not to be the case for me: I tried mounting both an FTP and SMB share via both nautilus and gvfs-mount under both Ubuntu Maverick and Natty and in none of the cases did I see any mount point under ~/.gvfs. I can access the shares just find in nautilus, but I want to have access via the command line, which is why I need a mount point in the file system. Edit: Debugging following James Henstridge's answer and enzotib's comment revealed that on my laptop gvfs-fuse-daemon is running and consequently gvfs mounts show up in ~/.gvfs, whereas on the 2 workstations where ~/.gvfs remained empty gvfs-fuse-daemon was not running. On all 3 machines there are other gvfs processes running: gvfsd, gvfs-afc-volume-monitor, ... On the laptop, mount | fgrep gvfs yields gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/xxx/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=xxx) That raises the questions: How are shares mounted without gvfs-fuse-daemon running? Is there no mount point created in that case and is every access to the share a gvfs library call? Which daemon is responsible? gvfsd? What's the role of gvfs-fuse-daemon? Does it only create a fuse mount point in ~/.gvfs?

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  • How do I get a Laserjet M1212nf MFP working?

    - by Leandro
    I am trying to install a multifunctional printer Laserjet M1212nf MFP on Ubuntu 12.04. I downloaded and install the hplip indicated by the official web site. At the end of the installation I chose reboot the whole system and next I call hp-setup in the terminal (as normal user and then as root). After select in the dialog box my printer I got the following error: Searching... (bus=usb, search=(None), desc=0)<br> /Traceback (most recent call last):<br> File "/usr/share/hplip/ui4/setupdialog.py", line 1255, in NextButton_clicked<br> self.showAddPrinterPage()<br> File "/usr/share/hplip/ui4/setupdialog.py", line 690, in showAddPrinterPage<br> self.readwriteFaxInformation()<br> File "/usr/share/hplip/ui4/setupdialog.py", line 1079, in readwriteFaxInformation<br> self.fax_name_company = unicode(d.getStationName())<br> UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 20: ordinal not in range(128) I think at this stage the plugin should be downloaded, but it is not working. Any suggestion on how to solve this problem ? Edition: After running hp-toolbox I got the following error message : Unable to communicate with device (code=12): hp:/usb /HP_LaserJet_Professional_M1212nf_MFP?serial=000000000ST10HPQSI1c

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  • importing animations in Blender, weird rotations/locations

    - by user975135
    This is for the Blender 2.6 API. There are two problems: 1. When I import a single animation frame from my animation file to Blender, all bones look fine. But when I import multiple (all of the frames), just the first one looks right, seems like newer frames are affected by older ones, so you get slightly off positions/rotations. This is true when both assigning PoseBone.matrix and PoseBone.matrix_basis. bone_index = 0 # for each frame: for frame_index in range(frame_count): # for each pose bone: add a key for bone_name in bone_names: # "bone_names" - a list of bone names I got earlier pose.bones[bone_name].matrix = animation_matrices[frame_index][bone_index] # "animation_matrices" - a nested list of matrices generated from reading a file # create the 'keys' for the Action from the poses pose.bones[bone_name].keyframe_insert('location', frame = frame_index+1) pose.bones[bone_name].keyframe_insert('rotation_euler', frame = frame_index+1) pose.bones[bone_name].keyframe_insert('scale', frame = frame_index+1) bone_index += 1 bone_index = 0 Again, it seems like previous frames are affecting latter ones, because if I import a single frame from the middle of the animation, it looks fine. 2. I can't assign armature-space animation matrices read from a file to a skeleton with hierarchy (parenting). In Blender 2.4 you could just assign them to PoseBone.poseMatrix and bones would deform perfectly whether the bones had a hierarchy or none at all. In Blender 2.6, there's PoseBone.matrix_basis and PoseBone.matrix. While matrix_basis is relative to parent bone, matrix isn't, the API says it's in object space. So it should have worked, but doesn't. So I guess we need to calculate a local space matrix from our armature-space animation matrices from the files. So I tried multiplying it ( PoseBone.matrix ) with PoseBone.parent.matrix.inverted() in both possible orders with no luck, still weird deformations.

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  • can't access SAMBA shares on UBUNTU-server from other computers

    - by larand
    Installed UBUNTU-server 12.04 and configured /etc/samba/smb.conf as: #======================= Global Settings ======================= [global] workgroup = HEMMA server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu) security = user wins support = yes dns proxy = no log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 1000 syslog = 0 panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d encrypt passwords = no passdb backend = tdbsam obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes map to guest = bad user ############ Misc ############ usershare allow guests = yes #======================= Share Definitions ======================= [printers] comment = All Printers browseable = no path = /var/spool/samba printable = yes guest ok = no read only = yes create mask = 0700 # Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable # printer drivers [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = no [Bilder original] comment = Original bilder path = /mnt/bilder/org browseable = yes read only = no guest ok = no create mask = 0755 [Bilder publika] comment = Bilder för allmän visning path = /mnt/bilder/public browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = yes [Musik] comment = Musik path = /mnt/music/public browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = yes I have a network setup around a 4G router "HUAWEI B593" where some computers are connected by WIFI and others by LAN. The server is connected by LAN. On one computer running windows XP I can see the server but are not allowed to acces them. On another computer on the WIFI-net running win7 I cannot see the server at all but I can ping the server and I can see the smb-protocoll is running when sniffing with wireshark. I don't primarily want to use passwords, computers on the lan and wifi should be able to connect without any login-procedure. I'm sure my config is not sufficient but have hard to understand how I should do. Theres a lot of descriptions on the net but most is old and none have been of any help. I'm also confused by the fact that I can not se the sever on my win7-machine even though it communicates with the samba-server. Would be very happy if anyone could spread some light over this mess.

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  • Problems installing Ubuntu on a vaio with SSD, GRUB installation failure

    - by Alberto
    I have installed and used Ubuntu in several computers. But now I have a problem that I don't know how to solve. I have a Vaio (Product name: vpcz13c5e), it has a SSD 128gb. I decided to install Ubuntu (12.04, but I have tried older versions as well). Firstly, I tested with live USB, and everything was fine, so I decided go for the complete installation. Then everything went as follows: I chose to use the whole disk (first option, formatting everything). I got a message Executing 'grub-install' /deb/sdb failed. This is a fatal error After clicking ok I got another window with 3 options: the first offers different devices to install the bootloader on (I tried all of them and none works). Second option: Continue without a bootloader. In that case I got You will need to manually install a bootloader in order to start Ubuntu The third option is Cancel the installation. So, I chose Continue without a bootloader. Then I restart the computer (with the Live cd) and in a terminal type sudo fdisk -l but I obtain fdisk: unable to seek on /dev/sda: Invalid argument What can I do? any help will be appreciated.

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  • App to make a video from photos?

    - by chtfn
    I was wondering what could be a good app (with a GUI ;) ) for making a video from a bunch of photos or images, to create a time-lapse video, or a stop-motion animation, or even a video like this one. The idea is to set a really small time between each photo, but also to be able to change this time every so often, or add some effects, to make the succession smoother in particular. What would be perfect is a function that allows automatic cropping of the photos as well as exposure adjustment so they all have the same background and so the time-lapse video looks smoother. I know about the slide show app "Imagination" but the interval can not go under one second. Cheers! Edit: here is my progress, also thanks to the first answer: I tried Luciole, it is really simple and promessing, but pretty buggy, and I only could export an average video in .dv format (mpg2 and avi don't work). Apparently, it has difficulties when changing the fps. I also tried StopMotion: also pretty buggy, I had to go into preferences and modify the encoding commands to get a result, but it's the best result I got so far. But none of those has effects to make transitions smoother... I tried several diaporama apps: Imagination doesn't handle more than 1 image per second; PhotoFilmStrip (repo version and latest version from website): same problem even though you can go down to 0.1 second per image, it still behaves wierdly (going back to 1 second automatically); Videoporama: doesn't start at all on 12.04. Any other idea, folks?

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  • Canon MG6100 series USB Printer not mounting

    - by user35201
    Printer MP6150 driver installed itself upon plugging in the printer. Printer is recognized (lsusb shows it) but does not mount. If the printer is recognized, the driver must be working (or?), but something is blocking the system from mounting the printer. Tried the usual things: power of printer, restart Ubuntu etc. Listed below result of lsusb and fstab: hans@kontor-linux:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04a9:174a Canon, Inc. Bus 002 Device 002: ID 1058:1001 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. External Hard Disk [Elements] Bus 004 Device 002: ID 046d:c517 Logitech, Inc. LX710 Cordless Desktop Laser hans@kontor-linux:~$ sudo cat /etc/fstab [sudo] password for hans: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=eaf3b38d-1c81-4de9-98d4-3834d674ff6e / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=93a667d3-6132-45b5-ad51-1f8a46c5b437 none swap sw 0 0

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  • Writing to a D3DFMT_R32F render target clamps to 1

    - by Mike
    I'm currently implementing a picking system. I render some objects in a frame buffer, which has a render target, which has the D3DFMT_R32F format. For each mesh, I set an integer constant evaluator, which is its material index. My shader is simple: I output the position of each vertex, and for each pixel, I cast the material index in float, and assign this value to the Red channel: int ObjectIndex; float4x4 WvpXf : WorldViewProjection< string UIWidget = "None"; >; struct VS_INPUT { float3 Position : POSITION; }; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Position : POSITION; }; struct PS_OUTPUT { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; VS_OUTPUT VSMain( const VS_INPUT input ) { VS_OUTPUT output = (VS_OUTPUT)0; output.Position = mul( float4(input.Position, 1), WvpXf ); return output; } PS_OUTPUT PSMain( const VS_OUTPUT input, in float2 vpos : VPOS ) { PS_OUTPUT output = (PS_OUTPUT)0; output.Color.r = float( ObjectIndex ); output.Color.gba = 0.0f; return output; } technique Default { pass P0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 VSMain(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 PSMain(); } } The problem I have, is that somehow, the values written in the render target are clamped between 0.0f and 1.0f. I've tried to change the rendertarget format, but I always get clamped values... I don't know what the root of the problem is. For information, I have a depth render target attached to the frame buffer. I disabled the blend in the render state the stencil is disabled Any ideas?

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  • apt-get update very slow, stuck at "Waiting for headers"

    - by Liam
    I have looked at similar questions: Stuck at 0% [waiting for headers] (apt) apt-get update stuck on "Waiting for Headers" However neither one of them answer my problem. I am running 12.04 AMD64 and have recently started getting an issue that when I update my repos from my connection at home through a terminal, using sudo apt-get update, it takes forever (literally after 2 hours it was at 28%), however when I run from a different location it takes less than 5 minutes to complete. I have attempted changing which mirror I use but that does not solve the issue. I have also cut down what is in my sources list but this also makes no difference. There are no faults on my ADSL line as I have already contacted my ISP to check this. It also makes no difference if I use a WiFi or network cable connection. What could be my issue? A speed test (www.speedtest.net) comes out at about 0.9 Mbps down and 0.42 Mbps up (which is a shade under the advertised line speed), I reside in South Africa and use the UCT LEG server. But I have also tried the other mirrors available in SA....none of them make a difference.

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  • Difficulty / Process for mobile 2D multiplayer RPG game

    - by user2827214
    I'm looking to develop a 2D multiplayer RPG game for Android, with a bird's eye view similar to that of zelda/pokemon. The game is very simple in all ways since my intent is for thousands of players to occupy the same world which I imagine requires good performance. However, I am unsure about the performance requirements of two properties: the tile map that is used as a background is dynamic (interactive). For example, a player steps in the water, and the water turns black. Every tile in the game does this. the tile map is the same object used for all players, but it is displayed differently on each user's mobile device, even though the players exist in the same world. For example, the water that turned black is displayed as red on all other players' screens. I have knowledge of java, but almost none regarding game dev. tools. Is there a best process for these requirements? Should I develop in pure java, or use some tool like Slick2D etc.? How performance intensive are these properties, if even possible? Edit: There are no collisions in the game or difficult animations, I imagining simply changing colors of the tiles like in the examples, and a client-server architecture

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  • Automatic TRIM vs. manual TRIM

    - by Eike Cochu
    I am currently trying to find out how to trim with my new TP and was wondering about the difference of manual/online trimming. Here is my setup: ThinkPad T430s with SSD Samsung 830, 128GB and Xubuntu 12.10, here are some outputs to check if trim will work on my system (got these from here: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/SSD/TRIM) root@eike-tp:~# sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep -i TRIM * Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 8 blocks) First, I tried the online trimming: How to enable TRIM? my fstab with discard inserted: UUID=d6c49c17-a4f1-466c-9f7e-896c20db3bba / ext4 discard,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=a0322f5f-c6c1-4896-863f-668f0638d8cf none swap sw 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 I tried to test if it works (but I don't get any zeroes when I try it with /dev/sda), but found out that this method is only possible with SSD type 2 and I seem to have type 3. So I don't know if it works or not. The Ubuntuwiki (first link) recommends manual trimming, so I set up a daily cronjob instead of discard: #!/bin/sh LOG=/var/log/batched_discard.log echo "*** $(date -R) ***" >> $LOG fstrim -v / >> $LOG the wiki article suggests weekly or daily. Now to my questions: How often executes the automated trim? How often is recommended? Online vs. manual trimming? Thank you for your help

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  • Where does jQuery fit-in with frameworks like JavaScriptMVC, BackboneJS, SproutCore and Knockout?

    - by Prisoner ZERO
    I have been happily using JQuery for the last 2 years and have been quite sucessful creating some really cool functionality with it...so I am very comfortable with it. I also beleive the future of the web will continue on the current client-side path. However... The next challenge seems to be coming in the form of various controller frameworks: KnockoutJS, BackboneJS, SproutCore, JavaScriptMVC (the list goes on). Additonally, there are some great AMD Loader tools for use like RequireJS or LabJS etc. However, jQuery now has define and then capabilities baked-in. It's getting harder-and-harder to keep track of it all... And now, my task seems to be to evaluate/decide-on a strategic-direction for using some form of either an MVC or MVVM framework client-side...but I have so many questions. Where does JQuery fit-in with the various controller-frameworks mentioned above? Is JQuery used alongside each or do some of them have their own 'JQuery-styled version' baked-in? Are tools like RequireJS still needed if you implement one of the various controller-frameworks mentioned above? Does the define and then capabilities baked-into JQuery now supercede the AMD Loader mentioned above? Which one seems most modular? (see notes below) NOTES: One thing I don't want in any future-framework is the requirement of having to take-in vast amounts of functionality that I don't use. Meaning, I would rather use a framework that is truly modular. For example, to use jQuery UI you have to take-in a lot other core libraries that you might not actually use. I will be experimenting with each one, but some REAL feedback would be great. I've seen some 'similar' questions, but none have really answered the above skew. Thanks in advance!

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  • Best practice with pyGTK and Builder XML files

    - by Phoenix87
    I usually design GUI with Glade, thus producing a series of Builder XML files (one such file for each application window). Now my idea is to define a class, e.g. MainWindow, that inherits from gtk.Window and that implements all the signal handlers for the application main window. The problem is that when I retrieve the main window from the containing XML file, it is returned as a gtk.Window instance. The solution I have adopted so far is the following: I have defined a class "Window" in the following way class Window(): def __init__(self, win_name): builder = gtk.Builder() self.builder = builder builder.add_from_file("%s.glade" % win_name) self.window = builder.get_object(win_name) builder.connect_signals(self) def run(self): return self.window.run() def show_all(self): return self.window.show_all() def destroy(self): return self.window.destroy() def child(self, name): return self.builder.get_object(name) In the actual application code I have then defined a new class, say MainWindow, that inherits frow Window, and that looks like class Main(Window): def __init__(self): Window.__init__(self, "main") ### Signal handlers ##################################################### def on_mnu_file_quit_activated(self, widget, data = None): ... The string "main" refers to the main window, called "main", which resides into the XML Builder file "main.glade" (this is a sort of convention I decided to adopt). So the question is: how can I inherit from gtk.Window directly, by defining, say, the class Foo(gtk.Window), and recast the return value of builder.get_object(win_name) to Foo?

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  • How should I make progress further as a programmer?

    - by mushfiq
    Hello, I have just left my college after doing graduation in computer engineering,during my college life I tried to do some freelancing in local market.I succeeded in the last year and earned some small amounts based on joomla,wordpress and visual basic based job.I had some small projects on php,mysql also. After finishing my undergrad life,I sat for an written test for post of python programmer and luckily I got the job and is working there(Its a small software firm do most of the task in python).Day by day I have gained some experience with core python. Meanwhile an USA based web service firm called me for the interview and after finishing three steps(oral+mini coding project+final oral)they selected me(i was wondered!).And I am going to join their with in few days.There I have to work in python(based on Django framework,I know only basic of this framework). My problem is when I started to work with python simultaneously I worked in Odesk as a wordpress,joomla,drupal,php developer. Now a days I am feeling that I am getting "Jack of all trades master of none". My current situation is i am familiar with several popular web technologies but not an expert.I want to make myself skilled. How should I organize myself to be a skilled web programmer?

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  • Code Behaviour via Unit Tests

    - by Dewald Galjaard
    Normal 0 false false false EN-ZA X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Some four months ago my car started acting up. Symptoms included a sputtering as my car’s computer switched between gears intermittently. Imagine building up speed, then when you reach 80km/h the car magically and mysteriously decide to switch back to third or even second gear. Clearly it was confused! I managed to track down a technician, an expert in his field to help me out. As he fitted his handheld computer to some hidden port under the dash, he started to explain “These cars are quite intelligent, you know. When they sense something is wrong they run in a restrictive program which probably account for how you managed to drive here in the first place...”  I was surprised and thought this was certainly going to be an interesting test drive. The car ran smoothly down the first couple of stretches as the technician ran through routine checks. Then he said “Ok, all looking good. We need to start testing aspects of the gearbox. Inside the gearbox there are a couple of sensors. One of them is a speed sensor which talks to the computer, which in turn will decide which gear to switch to. The restrictive program avoid these sensors altogether and allow the computer to obtain its input from other [non-affected] sources”. Then, as soon as he forced the speed sensor to come back online the symptoms and ill behaviour re-emerged... What an incredible analogy for getting into a discussion on unit testing software? Besides I should probably put my ill fortune to some good use, right? This example provide a lot of insight into how and why we should conduct unit tests when writing code. More importantly, it captures what is easily and unfortunately often the most overlooked goal of writing unit tests by those new to the art and those who oppose it alike - The goal of writing unit tests is to test the behaviour of our code under predefined conditions. Although it is very possible to test the intrinsic workings of each and every component in your code, writing several tests for each method in practise will soon prove to be an exhausting and ultimately fruitless exercise given the certain and ever changing nature of business requirements. Consequently it is true and quite possible whilst conducting proper unit tests, to call any single method several times as you examine and contemplate different scenarios. Let’s write some code to demonstrate what I mean. In my example I make use of the Moq framework and NUnit to create my tests. Truly you can use whatever you’re comfortable with. First we’ll create an ISpeedSensor interface. This is to represent the speed sensor located in the gearbox.  Then we’ll create a Gearbox class which we’ll pass to a constructor when we instantiate an object of type Computer. All three are described below.   ISpeedSensor.cs namespace AutomaticVehicle {     public interface ISpeedSensor     {         int ReportCurrentSpeed();     } }   Gearbox.cs namespace AutomaticVehicle {      public class Gearbox     {         private ISpeedSensor _speedSensor;           public Gearbox( ISpeedSensor gearboxSpeedSensor )         {             _speedSensor = gearboxSpeedSensor;         }         /// <summary>         /// This method obtain it's reading from the speed sensor.         /// </summary>         /// <returns></returns>         public int ReportCurrentSpeed()         {             return _speedSensor.ReportCurrentSpeed();         }     } } Computer.cs namespace AutomaticVehicle {     public class Computer     {         private Gearbox _gearbox;         public Computer( Gearbox gearbox )         {                     }          public int GetCurrentSpeed()         {             return _gearbox.ReportCurrentSpeed( );         }     } } Since this post is about Unit testing, that is exactly what we’ll create next. Create a second project in your solution. I called mine AutomaticVehicleTests and I immediately referenced the respective nunit, moq and AutomaticVehicle dll’s. We’re going to write a test to examine what happens inside the Computer class. ComputerTests.cs namespace AutomaticVehicleTests {     [TestFixture]     public class ComputerTests     {         [Test]         public void Computer_Gearbox_SpeedSensor_DoesThrow()         {             // Mock ISpeedSensor in gearbox             Mock< ISpeedSensor > speedSensor = new Mock< ISpeedSensor >( );             speedSensor.Setup( n => n.ReportCurrentSpeed() ).Throws<Exception>();             Gearbox gearbox = new Gearbox( speedSensor.Object );               // Create Computer instance to test it's behaviour  towards an exception in gearbox             Computer carComputer = new Computer( gearbox );             // For simplicity let’s assume for now the car only travels at 60 km/h.             Assert.AreEqual( 60, carComputer.GetCurrentSpeed( ) );          }     } }   What is happening in this test? We have created a mocked object using the ISpeedsensor interface which we've passed to our Gearbox object. Notice that I created the mocked object using an interface, not the implementation. I’ll talk more about this in future posts but in short I do this to accentuate the fact that I'm not not really concerned with how SpeedSensor work internally at this particular point in time. Next I’ve gone ahead and created a scenario where I’ve declared the speed sensor in Gearbox to be faulty by forcing it to throw an exception should we ask Gearbox to report on its current speed. Sneaky, sneaky. This test is a simulation of how things may behave in the real world. Inevitability things break, whether it’s caused by mechanical failure, some logical error on your part or a fellow developer which didn’t consult the documentation (or the lack thereof ) - whether you’re calling a speed sensor, making a call to a database, calling a web service or just trying to write a file to disk. It’s a scenario I’ve created and this test is about how the code within the Computer instance will behave towards any such error as I’ve depicted. Now, if you’ve followed closely in my final assert method you would have noticed I did something quite unexpected. I might be getting ahead of myself now but I’m testing to see if the value returned is equal to what I expect it to be under perfect conditions – I’m not testing to see if an error has been thrown! Why is that? Well, in short this is TDD. Test Driven Development is about first writing your test to define the result we want, then to go back and change the implementation within your class to obtain the desired output (I need to make sure I can drive back to the repair shop. Remember? ) So let’s go ahead and run our test as is. It’s fails miserably... Good! Let’s go back to our Computer class and make a small change to the GetCurrentSpeed method.   Computer.cs public int GetCurrentSpeed() {   try   {     return _gearbox.ReportCurrentSpeed( );   }   catch   {     RunRestrictiveProgram( );   } }     This is a simple solution, I know, but it does provide a way to allow for different behaviour. You’re more than welcome to provide an implementation for RunRestrictiveProgram should you feel the need to. It's not within the scope of this post or related to the point I'm trying to make. What is important is to notice how the focus has shifted in our approach from how things can break - to how things behave when broken.   Happy coding!

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  • Read-only lock on a SharePoint site collection, or Why can't I edit anymore?

    - by PeterBrunone
    Monday morning, the calls started.  For some reason, long-time users were unable to edit list items.  I figured we had a permissions issue, so I popped in to look at the Site Settings -- and found that I couldn't.  A quick trip to Central Administration showed that I was still listed as a Site Collection Administrator, but I had no power at all on the site collection in question.A quick glance at the logs told me that the server had recently shut down unexpectedly (this is a Hyper-V virtual machine).  Apparently, in the confusion, somehow SharePoint decided to lock the site collection as Read Only.  This can be remedied in one of two ways:1)  In Central Administration, go to Application Management->SharePoint Site Management->Site collection quotas and locks.  Once you have arrived, select the correct application and site collection, and you will have the opportunity to view and set the lock status of the collection (it most likely will be set to "Read-only", and you'll want to move that radio button to "Not locked").2)  Fire up stsadm and issue the following command:stsadm -o setsitelock -url http://myportalsitecollection -lock none

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  • Apt-get saying "Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages."

    - by YatharthROCK
    TL;DR: sudo apt-get install ... saying "Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages." The problem I was trying to get the WebApps feature for PP and QQ following this blog post. I ran the sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webapps/preview command to add the repository, but i got a connection error. Since I know my current ISP gives a shaky connection, I tried again and sure enough, it worked. Then I ran sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-preview, but I realized we had to update apt-get first, so I hit Ctrl + C to stop it. Then I ran sudo apt-get update which worked w/o a fuss, but when I ran sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-preview again later, it showed an error message. Here's the dump: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: unity-webapps-preview : Depends: xul-ext-unity but it is not going to be installed Depends: xul-ext-websites-integration but it is not going to be installed Depends: xul-ext-webaccounts but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. I think this might be because of me interrupting the earlier command. It hadn't got a chance to output anything, though — I stopped it pretty fast. What I tried I have tried running a number of commands:- sudo apt-get install --fix-broken sudo apt-get autoclean sudo apt-get autoremove sudo apt-get -f install sudoapt-get install ppa-purgeandsudo ppa-purge ppa:webapps/preview` Even after running sudo apt-get upgrade after every try, none of them worked. Research I tried searching Google, looking at a couple of forums and searching on AU, but to no avail. Help would be appreciated.

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  • Distributing an Android game with plugins via the market

    - by Peter Serwylo
    I'm new to Android development, and was wondering how the following could be achieved within the confines of the Android market as a distribution channel: One main application, which handles the main menu, networking, high scores, etc. Several games which can be launched from the main menu, which all work within the same eco system. The main application is not just a pseudo launcher for other games, these different games will share high scores and other achievements/preferences. In a traditional package management system such as apt, pacman or yum, this could be handled quite happily through dependencies. This does not appear to be possible via the Android market. The closest I've seen is when apps scan to check if the required app is installed, and if not, launches the market and asks the user to download the app. This sounds like a very messy solution. It also begs the question, would they download the game (plugin) first, which then downloads the main shell application? Or would they download the main shell application, and when they navigate to a menu item which says "Play game", then it scans for any installed games, and if none exist, redirects to the market? Also, I'm not even sure if it is possible to dig up the package from another application on the device, and start invoking classes from within (e.g. when you want to launch the game (plugin)) A final option is just to have a 3rd component which is a .jar that each game includes, which effectively contains the entire shell application. Then each game would appear to have the same menu, but it would become a nightmare as soon as you want to update the menu component and have to re-release each game. It would be especially worse if other people released games (plugins) based on the same framework and didn't update them. Is there any other options which I haven't thought of? Has anyone else solved this or seen a solution in any apps they've installed (doesn't have to be games)? cheers.

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  • Collision detection in 3D space

    - by dreta
    I've got to write, what can be summed up as, a compelte 3D game from scratch this semester. Up untill now i have only programmed 2D games in my spare time, the transition doesn't seem tough, the game's simple. The only issue i have is collision detection. The only thing i could find was AABB, bounding spheres or recommendations of various physics engines. I have to program a submarine that's going to be moving freely inside of a cave system, AFAIK i can't use physics libraries, so none of the above solves my problem. Up untill now i was using SAT for my collision detection. Are there any similar, great algorithms, but crafted for 3D collision? I'm not talking about octrees, or other optimalizations, i'm talking about direct collision detection of one set of 3D polygons with annother set of 3D polygons. I thought about using SAT twice, project the mesh from the top and the side, but then it seems so hard to even divide 3D space into convex shapes. Also that seems like far too much computation even with octrees. How do proffessionals do it? Could somebody shed some light.

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  • How do I get OBDII software working?

    - by NoBugs
    I have an ODBII USB cable for vehicle diagnostics, unfortunately I haven't been able to get it working on Ubuntu 12.04. The closest I've come is using the VAG-COM software with wine, using the ln -s /dev/ttyUSB0 ~/.wine/dosdevices/com1 trick and running stty -F /dev/ttyUSB0 speed 9600 repeatedly. It will connect and show the vehicle is OBDII, but none of the useful features seem to be working. I tried: Scantool - says it's connecting to the /dev/device in terminal, but doesn't. obdgpslogger - times out all the time. pyobd - This seems to be the most up-to-date source I could find, I had to adjust the code a bit to work (see here for changes). Still, in obd_io.py interpret_result function, it says it's looking for 4 space separated numbers, where the usb-serial is receiving bogus code "0100" instead? The device shows up in lsusb as: ID 0403:6001 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT232 USB-Serial (UART) IC Is the problem that these native tools don't expect a USB serial, or a serial of this type? Or are these apps too old to recognize OBD2 of this vehicle?

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  • Evaluating a Programmer for Startup

    - by HelpJ
    Hi, I have sorted through the previous questions and couldn't find a specific answer to the following (and thank you in advance): I have fully developed my idea on paper and am looking to move forward with it, create it, and grow it. Since I am non-technical, I am looking to either partner or employ (I would pay for his/her services) for a very talented and well-rounded programmer to help create and develop the project. I am looking for someone that can act as a IT manager/CTO and get the job done while I use my resources to develop and deploy the strategy, deal with the business side of things, raise capital, grow, etc. However, due to my lack of IT knowledge, it is always hard for me to differentiate between a good and bad programmer and therefore only find out if he/she is good or not when it is too late. So my question that I have been asking everyone around me is "How do I assess whether the programmer is good or not if I cannot evaluate them myself?" and "Is there any website that reviews and rates programmers?" I have asked many to refer me to talented programmers but all are either not local (important for me to work side by side with them), happily employed or working on their own startup. I have also asked these programmers to help me find others but none seem to be able to help. Any help would be extremely appreciated. Thank you so much, HelpJ

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  • Suddely internet is not accessible

    - by user189708
    I am going crazy here. One day everything was working fine. I turned pc off and went to sleep. Next day turn pc on and cannot access internet (from any browser). The situation is: I cannot open any webpage from browser (tried Firefox and Epiphany) and cannot receive emails in thunderbird. BUT if I run firefox from console as sudo, I can use it as usual. I can access Skype and pretty much any other network stuff (like installing software with apt-get etc.), also if I use Astrill VPN software I can access webpages even running without sudo. I haven't install any software or anything like that for several days = I have not a clue what could cause this. Just by the way, other Win PC in our home has no issue. Here is what I have tried to fix this: I have tried to restart my pc, router, modem - multiple times I have tried to change permissions to my firefox profile I have tried to completely re-install firefox and start with blank profile, thus no addons I have tried to change /etc/resolv.conf to an IP of my router (it was 127.0.1.1) I have tried to change my hostname (from tomino-NB to tominoNB) I think I might try even more stuff. None of it works. Can someone please try to help me. Thank you UPDATE 1: I have tried this: Removing resolv.conf - Didn't help Also "ping" and "dig" commands cannot resolve host UPDATE 2: I have tried to edit nameservers in resolv.conf but still no effect. I can ping router as well as I can ping outside IP. So definitely just some DNS issue. Is it possible that something is rewriting path to resolv.conf and using different file? UPDATE 3: I have just restarted PC and everything works now... resolv.conf went back to nameserver 127.0.1.1 . I have no clue what happened that it works again...

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  • Finally! Entity Framework working in fully disconnected N-tier web app

    - by oazabir
    Entity Framework was supposed to solve the problem of Linq to SQL, which requires endless hacks to make it work in n-tier world. Not only did Entity Framework solve none of the L2S problems, but also it made it even more difficult to use and hack it for n-tier scenarios. It’s somehow half way between a fully disconnected ORM and a fully connected ORM like Linq to SQL. Some useful features of Linq to SQL are gone – like automatic deferred loading. If you try to do simple select with join, insert, update, delete in a disconnected architecture, you will realize not only you need to make fundamental changes from the top layer to the very bottom layer, but also endless hacks in basic CRUD operations. I will show you in this article how I have  added custom CRUD functions on top of EF’s ObjectContext to make it finally work well in a fully disconnected N-tier web application (my open source Web 2.0 AJAX portal – Dropthings) and how I have produced a 100% unit testable fully n-tier compliant data access layerfollowing the repository pattern. http://www.codeproject.com/KB/linq/ef.aspx In .NET 4.0, most of the problems are solved, but not all. So, you should read this article even if you are coding in .NET 4.0. Moreover, there’s enough insight here to help you troubleshoot EF related problems. You might think “Why bother using EF when Linq to SQL is doing good enough for me.” Linq to SQL is not going to get any innovation from Microsoft anymore. Entity Framework is the future of persistence layer in .NET framework. All the innovations are happening in EF world only, which is frustrating. There’s a big jump on EF 4.0. So, you should plan to migrate your L2S projects to EF soon.

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