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• How to calculate time spent for Linux system administration?

  - by Jaakko

  I would love figuring out how much time I actually have spent in shell performing administrative duties. For billing of course, this information is not sufficient, but it would be helpful to figure out how much time I have actually spent in shell. My question is: How anyone got tips on how to calculate time spent in shell (in hours + minutes), let's say per user account? Could anyone recommend a software that could be used to analyze this time? Optionally I would like to know about ways how to categorise time spent (e.g. 1 hour for Apache, 2 hours for Samba, etc.) Also, your takes on how you monitor your admin time, are also much appreciated! To narrow down the problem, I am specifically interested in ways of tracking time spent in shell for Linux system administration

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• Unable to drag and drop / select multiple with mouse

  - by J. Scott Elblein

  I'm running into a perplexing issue with Windows 8 Pro x64, where randomly I'm unable to drag to select multiple files (i.e. in Explorer or Directory Opus). I've also noticed that a similar issue happens when I'm running for example Photoshop or Illustrator and can't drag to select multiple layers, or drag to do some other things in them. it happens randomly and have found no way to reliably reproduce it, but it happens VERY frequently. I have read some tips saying pressing the ESC button usually fixes the issue, but it doesn't in my case. From what I understand, it's probably due to some other process locking the drag feature somehow, but I've not found a way to tell which process is the perp; I've even tried using unlock software on files when I'm suddenly unable to drag and I'm told by it that nothing is locking it. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Is it possible to add files to the "Wordpress Media Library" using the command line?

  - by Tom

  Wordpress has it's own "Media Library" which is used when you upload images and other media for use in blog posts and pages. The advantage of the media library is that it automatically produces thumbnails of the images and the web interface gives you extra info such as who uploaded the image, which articles use the image, etc. My question is, does anyone have any tips on interacting with the media library via the command line instead of using the Wordpress web interface? For example, any ideas on how to add a image to the media library from the command line? If I copy files to the media library directory (usually .../wp-content/uploads/YYYY/MM/) from the command line they do not show up in the Wordpress dashboard - I guess because there needs to be an associated database entry for the media to be registered with Wordpress.

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• Cannot load from raid with grub

  - by Andrew Answer

  I have a RAID1 array on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and my /sda HDD has been replaced several days ago. I use this commands to replace: # go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded, recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat After bebuilding completion "fdisk -l" says what I have not valid partition table /dev/md0. So 1) "update-grub" find only /sda and /sdb Linux, not /md0 2) "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" says "GRUB failed to install the following devices /dev/md0" I cannot load my system except from /sdb1 and /sda1, but in DEGRADED mode... This is my partial fdisk -l output: Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB, 481746288640 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 117613840 cylinders, total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Anybody can resolve this issue? I have big headache with this.

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• How can I start nginx via upstart ?

  - by Chiggsy

  Background: DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=10.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=lucid DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 10.04 LTS" I've built nginx, and I'd like to use upstart to start it: nginx upstart script from the site: description "nginx http daemon" start on runlevel 2 stop on runlevel 0 stop on runlevel 1 stop on runlevel 6 console owner exec /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf -g "daemon off;" respawn I get "unknown job" when i try to use initctl to run it, which I just learned apparently means there is an error, ( what's wrong with "Error" to describe errors?) Can someone point me in the right direction ? I've read the documentation , as it is, and it seems kind of sparse for a SysV init replacement... but whatever just need to add this job to the list, run it, and get on with what's left of my life... Any tips? EDIT: initctl version init (upstart 0.6.5)

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• Kickstart virtual console: No 'Shell prompt' at Alt-F2

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I am installing Scientific Linux 6.1 via kickstart, and I am trying to debug a problem. According to Tips and tricks for anaconda and kickstart, I should have several virtual consoles available: What the different terminals display Alt-F1 The installation dialog when using text or cmdline Alt-F2 A shell prompt Alt-F3 The install log displaying messages from install program Alt-F4 The system log displaying messages from kernel, etc. Alt-F5 All other messages Alt-F7 The installation dialog when using the graphical installer The Virtual Consoles Alt-F1, F3, F4 & F5 all work and show various logging information. However, the Virtual Console at Alt-F2 does not do anything. I could really use access to the shell prompt (Alt-F2), however there is no Shell prompt available at the second virtual console (Alt-F2). All I have is a blinking '_'. Can I forge Alt-F2 to show me a shell prompt?

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• convert a logical partition to a primary partition

  - by ant2009

  Hello, Fedora 14 xfce I have the following partition setup. I would like to know how can I convert the logical partition sda6 to a primary partition. Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1707a8a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 205844479 102409216 83 Linux /dev/sda3 205844480 214228991 4192256 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 214228992 625141759 205456384 5 Extended /dev/sda5 214231040 573562879 179665920 83 Linux /dev/sda6 573564928 625141759 25788416 7 HPFS/NTFS Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 97G 5.0G 91G 6% / tmpfs 494M 176K 494M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 68M 392M 15% /boot /dev/sda5 169G 26G 135G 16% /home # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 1024000, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 1026048, size=204818432, Id=83 /dev/sda3 : start=205844480, size= 8384512, Id=82 /dev/sda4 : start=214228992, size=410912768, Id= 5 /dev/sda5 : start=214231040, size=359331840, Id=83 /dev/sda6 : start=573564928, size= 51576832, Id= 7 I would like to convert sda6 to a primary partition, the reason for this it to install windows 7 starter. Many thanks for any suggestions,

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• Linux WD30EZRX WD Green HDD & Blacx Duet 5G Usb

  - by Adam

  I have connected up an WD30EZRX WD Green HDD to a Thermaltake Blacx Duet 5G USB dock in Ubuntu 12.04. Every thing seems fine except when the HDD idles it seems to have error ls: reading directory .: Input/output error after a while and is only fixed by unmounting and remounting the drive as root. I have the following line in /etc/fstab UUID=AAF670E9F670B6E3 /media/3TB ntfs defaults,user,auto 0 0 I have noticed that it seems to go between /dev/sdc2 and /dev/sdd2 devices on remount. I did copy 1TB last night without issue in 1 sitting. But after x mins of idle it has remount issue. Any tips/suggestions on how to proceed would be appreciated. Spent most of the night googling and all its done is made me sad. Edit (tried as suggested): root@mediaserver:/media/3TB# sudo hdparm -B 255 -S 253 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sdd2: setting Advanced Power Management level to disabled HDIO_DRIVE_CMD failed: Input/output error setting standby to 253 (vendor-specific) APM_level = not supported Seems as if that didn't help with this particular drive.

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• How do I clean a computer from dust?

  - by Jonas

  As computers become faster and generate more heat it gets more important to have good ventilation, but that also increases the amount of dust sticking to the components of the computer. It's of course better to make sure the computer never gets dusty by vacuum cleaning around it (not in it) frequently. But what to do if it's already to late? I've heard that vacuum cleaning the computer itself is very bad, since it can cause static electricity that hurts the computer. So, Does anyone have any tips for how to remove dust from your computer?

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• Minimal slim way to create and run an internal RSS feed

  - by tharkun

  I have the idea to create a very simple tech update feed for internal collaboration in our company. For that I'm looking for the easiest way of writing messages which then get syndicated as RSS feed. Something like a mini blog tool. The simpler the better. Enter title, body and send, all subscribers of the feed get the new message. Sort of like Twitter without using Twitter. [edit]It has to be a purely web based solution![/edit] Any tips, ideas, experiences?

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• Clicking or Knocking with Seagate HD

  - by Daniel A. White

  My laptop's main HD makes a clicking or knocking sound when Windows or the Bios tries to access it. I put it into a SATA dock and it sounds perfectly fine when spinning up, but after Windows tries to access it, it becomes a repetitive clicking or knocking sound. Does anyone know any tips that might help me access my data? I have most of it backed up, but I would still like to Ghost it before I send it off for repairs. I know my laptop is still under warranty.

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• How can Nagios handle non-threshold based plugins?

  - by FliesLikeABrick

  I am writing a Nagios plugin to monitor trends of a certain storage resource utilization (e.g. gradual increases are fine, but an instantaneous/sudden increase or decrease in resource usage may indicate a problem). For what it's worth, it is reviewing the last N entries in an RRD file generated by a custom cacti data source/templates. What is the "right" way to handle Nagios notification config/implementation for this? The problem is that it the plugin would exit as warning/critical for one polling period, but in the next it would be fine (or 3 polling periods later, if I look at 3 polling periods worth of data). I guess the question is: should I just write it in such a way that it will alert for X polling periods, or should I find a way to write it such that manual intervention is required for it to clear (such as logging into the monitoring server or hitting a URL to run a script that submits a passive result)? Your input is appreciated, and if you have any tips for how to implement the latter I'm open to them (I can think of a few ways to possibly implement it)

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• Dual-booting Ubuntu and Pardus with GRUB2...Pardus no show?

  - by Ibn Ali al-Turki

  I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed and used to dual-boot Fedora, but I replaced Fedora with Pardus. After the install, I went into ubuntu, and did a sudo update-grub. It detected my Pardus 2011 install there. When I rebooted, it did not show up in my grub2 menu however. I went back to Ubuntu and did it again...then checked the grub.cfg, and it is not there. I have read that Pardus uses a grub legacy. How can I get Pardus into my grub2 menu? Thanks! sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd9b3496e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 15197 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 36394 60802 196059757 5 Extended /dev/sda3 15197 30394 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda5 36394 59434 185075308 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 59434 60802 10983424 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order and update-grub Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Pardus 2011 (2011) on /dev/sda3 Yet after this, I go to grub.cfg, and Pardus is not there.

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• Why does ganglia think my host is down?

  - by NZKoz

  I have ganglia set up to monitor our staging server, it's working great but I'm confused by the definition of 'down' to ganglia. There's a single node, running gmetad, gmond and the web frontend, but some small percentage of the time the web frontend shows some confusing output. Despite the fact that it's a single server in the cluster, and that server is the one serving the web interface, the dashboard output insists that the host is down. Then below that it has a graph which shows 50% down, 50% up. You can see an example of this here: http://i.imgur.com/MCWaS.jpg There's obviously something confusing ganglia somewhere, but I'm not sure where to start looking. Unfortunately googling for any combination of 'ganglia' 'down' 'metric name' seems return nothing but other people's ganglia installations displaying the same nonsense. Any tips on where to start looking would be greatly appreciated

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• Remote connection to dynamic public ip & private ip addresses

  - by user53864

  Many times I connected to windows computer which has static public ip address via remote desktop over wan links. I'm wondering how could I connect to the remote computer that has dynamic public ip address & private ip addresses assigned. I've 2 systems at home: xp system-------connected to internet(dynamic public ip) & allowed other users to connected to the internet on the interface. windows vista system--------enabled dhcp on the interface to access internet from xp. How could I remotely connect from my office to the 'vista system'?. If I've a router/modem at my home it may be possible to allow the ports for the system but I don't. Any tips?

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• How can we control the device driver load order in Windows XP ?

  - by Deniz

  We are trying to install both an HP scanner and a Kodak scanner on an XP machine and the problem is that that HP's scanner driver always places itself into the first and default scanner device position. We are using an automation software on that machine which must use the Kodak scanner as the default scanner. The HP flatbed isn't needed to be the default scanner on that machine. It will always be used manually and through its own software. Our developers did some research 2 years ago couldn't find a solution. Nowadays we are preparing to expand our user base and this problem did surface again on machines with the same configuration. I did a more aggresive search pn the net and found some tips like this one : http://support.microsoft.com/kb/115486 I couldn't realize how to suit this solution to my scenario. Could someone please point me to the right direction ?

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• Setup secure shared hosting (Apache, PHP, MySQL)

  - by Apaz

  So I'm setting up a shared hosting with Apache, PHP, MySQL and the biggest question mark is how to do with PHP, since there is a million options out there how to configure it securely. The plan is: Chroot for MySQL (built in support for chroot) Chroot for Apache (mod_security) Each user executing their PHP-scripts as their own user (see below) Set open_basedir Disable all "evil" php-functions (allow_url_fopen, system, exec, and so on) Ive looked at suexec and suphp but they seems very slow; http://blog.stuartherbert.com/php/2007/12/18/using-suexec-to-secure-a-shared-server/ http://blog.stuartherbert.com/php/2008/01/18/using-suphp-to-secure-a-shared-server/ So I've looked some more and found some other solutions: apache2-mpm-itk + mod_php(?) mod_fcgid + php-fpm mod_fastcgi + php-fpm Ive tried a simple setup with mod_fastcgi + php-fpm and it seems to work, runs as correct user and so on, but the protection against directory traveling is still open_basedir(?) One solution for that could be to use php-fpm's chroot option, but that causes a lot of other issues like domain name resolver does not work sending mail does not work Tips?

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• Configuring port forwarding on Fortigate 50B

  - by GomoX

  I can't for the life of me get port forwarding to work on my Fortigate 50B. I followed the setup tips described on this other SF thread with no success. The only specific difference I can find is we are using load balancing through 2 different internet uplinks. Is there any caveat specific to this scenario that I might be missing? If you need any specific additional information please ask because I think I have checked everything: Virtual IP mapping on external interface wan1 ACCEPT all from any on wan1 to the corresponding server on internal No seeming offending firewall rules (any specific pitfalls that I might want to check for?)

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• How do I clean dust from a computer?

  - by Jonas

  As computers become faster and generate more heat it gets more important to have good ventilation, but that also increases the amount of dust sticking to the components of the computer. It's of course better to make sure the computer never gets dusty by vacuum cleaning around it (not in it) frequently. But what to do if it's already to late? I've heard that vacuum cleaning the computer itself is very bad, since it can cause static electricity that hurts the computer. So, Does anyone have any tips for how to remove dust from your computer?

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• Strip X Window System from OpenRD (Fedora core 8)

  - by disown

  I just got myself an OpenRD Client embedded box with an old Fedora 8 on it. Runs like a charm, only problem is that the default install has X on it, which I would like to remove in order to free up some space. I found a similar post here on the same topic, but yum groupremove doesn't work in my case, yum grouplist returns nothing, so I presume that no groups are defined. I don't know if this is because fedora 8 didn't have any groups, or because the OpenRD build is special in some way. In any case, I would like some tips on which package(s) to remove in order to remove an as big chunk of X as possible. Thanks in advance.

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• Windows 7 boots to black screen with blinking cursor

  - by murgatroid99

  I have an Alienware M17x that dual boots into Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows 7 Home Premium. Currently, the computer starts at the GRUB loader and will boot into Ubuntu, but if I try to boot into Windows, I immediately get a black screen with a blinking cursor in the upper left corner. The output of fdisk -l is Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/dm-0p1 1 5 40131 de Dell Utility Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p2 6 1918 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p3 * 1918 64772 504878877+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p4 64772 77827 104858625 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p5 64772 67204 19531008 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p6 67204 74498 58593536 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p7 74498 77577 24731648 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p8 77578 77827 2000128 82 Linux swap / Solaris I have used the Windows rescue CD, and run the automatic error fixer until it finds no errors. I have run chkdsk /R on both the main Windows 7 (/dev/dm-0p3) partition and the recovery partition (/dev/dm-0p2). I set the main Windows 7 partition to be active. I also tried running in the recovery console the commands bootrec /fixmbr bootrec /fixboot bootrec /rebuildbcd None of these helped and the last set of commands deletes grub, which I then have to reinstall from Ubuntu. I think the last thing I did in windows before this started was install the newest ATI driver for my video card. This would suggest using system restore, and I actually had a restore point earlier (after the problem started), but after whatever I did that restore point does not appear in the list on the recovery disk any more, so I cannot do a system restore. Is there anything else I can try to make Windows boot properly again? Edit: Running the suggested commands bootsect /nt60 c: bcdboot c:\windows /s c: was also ineffective.

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• Unix: Sync directory with FTP or SFTP directory

  - by Svish

  I have a website on my local computer running Mac OS X. I am wondering if there is any built-in command that I can run in the Terminal that will upload that website to my webserver either through FTP or, if possible, SFTP. Installing new commands through MacPorts is also a possibility. A big bonus would be that it only uploaded the files that needs to be updated and not everything else. It would also be nice if I can tell it to delete the files on the server that no longer exists locally once in a while. Any good tips?

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• Issues connecting to WPA2 with User Authentication Mavericks?

  - by heinst

  I was on all the builds of the Mavericks beta and connecting to my University's network was fine. Then I upgraded to the public release and now I can't seem to connect to the internet. I can connect to other networks, but not my schools. Its a WPA2 network with a User Authentication. And my MacBook is a 2011? 2.2 GHz first gen i7 Quad Core with 8 GBs of RAM. Does anyone else have the same issue? Any tips on how to fix it? Thanks! heinst

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• Does scheduling recycling app pool in IIS7 help the server conserve memory better?

  - by user29266

  Hello, I have a VPS (IIS7 with Win 2008) It's got: 40 websites and a SQL Server 2008 powering them with only 2 Gigs of RAM. None of the sites are mission critical, they are all just demos. I often have ram issues on the server because each site has does caching and generally uses a lot of memory. Would it make sense to set the application pools to recycle every 3 hours? I'm sure this would free up any memory leaks or processes left "hanging" Are there any other tips on this? Thank you very much!, Aron

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• New SSD, is the MBR broken? DISK BOOT FAILURE

  - by Shevek

  I've been running Windows 7 on a WD 500gb SATA single drive, single partition setup for some time with no issues. I've just installed a new Kingston V Series 64gb SSD and performed a clean install of Win7 to it, deleting the partitions on the 500gb and using that as a data drive. All was well for a few reboots but then I started to get "DISK BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND PRESS ENTER" messages. If I put the Win7 install DVD back in the drive it boots fine. Tried a clean install again, after replacing SATA cables and swapping SATA ports, with a complete partition wipe of both drives. Again, rebooted fine a few times then back with the "DISK BOOT FAILURE" error. Looked on the web and found some discussions about it so I then started from scratch again. This time I wiped the MBR on both drives using MBRWork, disconnected the 500gb and reinstalled to the SSD. Removed the install DVD and installed all the drivers which involved many reboots, all with no problem. To make sure I also did a few cold boots as well. Reconnected the 500gb, initialised, partitioned and formatted it. Copied data to it and did some more reboots and shutdowns. All was ok. Then out of the blue comes another "DISK BOOT FAILURE" and again, if the Win7 install DVD is in the drive it boots fine. So, is the SSD a bad'un? TIA UPDATE: It was a BIOS issue! I found a hidden away option for HDD boot order, which was separate from the usual HDD/CDRom/FDD boot order option. The WD was set to boot before the SSD... Swapped them round and all is well. Still don't understand how it worked at first though... Thanks Solaris

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