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• Set up linux box for secure local hosting a-z

  - by microchasm

  I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms Virtualhosts In the rssh section above I added a user to use for SFTP. In this users' home directory, I created a folder called 'https'. This is where the documents for this site will live, so I need to add a virtualhost that will point to it. I will use the above virtual interface for this site (herein called dev.site.local). vi /etc/http/conf/httpd.conf Add the following to the end of httpd.conf: <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> I put a dummy index.html file in the https directory just to check everything out. I tried browsing to it, and was met with permission denied errors. The logs only gave an obscure reference to what was going on: [Mon May 17 14:57:11 2010] [error] [client 192.168.1.100] (13)Permission denied: access to /index.html denied I tried chmod 777 et. al., but to no avail. Turns out, I needed to chmod+x the https directory and its' parent directories. chmod +x /home chmod +x /home/dev chmod +x /home/dev/https This solved that problem. DNS I'm handling DNS via our local Windows Server 2003 box. However, the CentOS documentation for BIND can be found here: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/ch-bind.html SSL To get SSL working, I changed the following in httpd.conf: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 #make sure this line is in httpd.conf <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> #change port to 443 ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Unfortunately, I keep getting (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long) errors when trying to access a page with SSL. As JamesHannah gracefully pointed out below, I had not set up the locations of the certs in httpd.conf, and thusly was getting the page thrown at the broswer as the cert making the browser balk. So first, I needed to set up a CA and make certificate files. I found a great (if old) walkthrough on the process here: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/284. Here are the relevant steps I took from that article: mkdir /home/CA cd /home/CA/ mkdir newcerts private echo '01' > serial touch index.txt #this and the above command are for the database that will keep track of certs Create an openssl.cnf file in the /home/CA/ dir and edit it per the walkthrough linked above. (For reference, my finished openssl.cnf file looked like this: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=hnZDij4T) openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config ./openssl.cnf #this creates the cacert.pem which gets distributed and imported to the browser(s) Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl req -new -nodes -out dev.req.pem -config ./openssl.cnf #generates certificate request, and key.pem which I renamed dev.key.pem. Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl ca -out dev.cert.pem -config ./openssl.cnf -infiles dev.req.pem #create and sign certificate. cp dev.cert.pem /home/dev/certs/cert.pem cp dev.key.pem /home/certs/key.pem I updated httpd.conf to reflect the certs and turn SSLEngine on: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/dev/certs/cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/dev/certs/key.pem ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Put the CA cert.pem in a web-accessible place, and downloaded/imported it into my browser. Now I can visit https://dev.site.local with no errors or warnings. And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to configure SSL email would be appreciated.

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• FIND_IN_SET exists in MySQL but how do I make it in SQLite?

  - by Pentium10

  In MySQL there exists FIND_IN_SET, that locates a match in a comma separated list. mysql> SELECT FIND_IN_SET('b','a,b,c,d'); -> 2 How would I be able to do this in SQLite in query? Please note, that I can't define or add user defined functions, the Android platform doesn't allow it.

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• How do I tell Django to use MySql from a WAMP install?

  - by Rhubarb

  I've had Django running with Sqlite for a while. I then installed WAMP, and I now want to get ready for a production run, and would like to switch to MySql. Is there a straightforward way of telling it about the MySql instance that is running with WAMP?

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• How do I connect to MySQL 5.1 in Visual Studio 2010?

  - by jake

  Does any one know how to connect to MySQL 5.1 with Visual Studio 2010? I have already tried the MySQL Connector/ODBC route and it got me really nasty results. The table rows were all listed as a view in the views section and nothing at all was listed in the tables or procedures folder.

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• How to update a table using a select group by in a second one as the data source in MySQL?

  - by Jader Dias

  I can't do this in MySQL UPDATE tableA, tableB SET tableA.column1 = SUM(tableB.column2) WHERE tableA.column3 = tableB.column4 GROUP BY tableB.column4 ; Neither can I UPDATE tableA, ( SELECT SUM(tableB.column2) sumB, tableB.column4 FROM tableB GROUP BY tableB.column4 ) t1 SET tableA.column1 = sumB WHERE tableA.column3 = column4 ; Besides it being illegal code, I think you can understand what I tried to do with the queries above. Both of them had the same intent. How can I do that in MySQL?

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• PHP/MySQL: How to create a comment section in your website.

  - by Sam

  Instead of asking 'how to use PHP/MySQL to let users affect webpages' I'll ask this, because I learn better from projects and examples. So how would I incorporate a VERY basic comment feature using PHP and MySQL?

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• MySQL query being performed when PHP if condition not met?

  - by Ryan

  The script I'm using is if($profile['username'] == $user['username']) { $db->query("UPDATE users SET newcomments = 0 WHERE username = '$user[username]'"); echo "This is a test"; } (Note that $db-query is exactly the same as mysql_query) For some very odd reason, the MySQL query is being performed even if the defined condition is false The "This is a test" works properly and only appears when the condition is met, but the MySQL query is performed anyway Whats the problem with it?

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• How can I create a small relational database in MySQL?

  - by Sergio Tapia

  I need to make a small database in MySQL that has two tables. Clothes and ClotheType Clothes has: ID, Name, Color, Brand, Price, ClotheTypeID ClotheType has: ID, Description In Microsoft SQL it would be: create table Clothes( id int, primary key(id), name varchar(200), color varchar(200), brand varchar(200), price varchar(200), clothetypeid int, foreign key clothetypeid references ClotheType(id) ) I need this in MySQL.

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• How do I run a script on/in a mysql database?

  - by reggie

  I have created a mysql database using work brench. It has about 20 tables. I cannot figure out how to run scripts on the database. Basically, I want to make a database creation script which will allow me to create my database on any other mysql server.

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• How do you port a SqlServer database to MySQL?

  - by Lieven Cardoen

  I have a SqlServer db that I would like to port to MySQL. What's the best way to to this. Things that need to be ported are: - Tables (and data) - FileStream -- MySQL equivalent? - Stored Procedures - Functions

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• How can I split mySQL query logs by database?

  - by barnaby

  I've been trying to implement a mySQL Proxy solution that can separate out the queries into per-database logs. Everything I've Googled has pointed to mySQL Proxy but I can only seem to capture the database a connection was opened to, not which the current query is being issued against. Is it even possible? Is there a different tool to use? Thanks for any suggestions.

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• MySQL, Coldfusion, Selecting records that were timestamped in the last 24 hours.

  - by nobosh

  With Coldfuson & MySQL - How to update the query to check for new entries that have a timestamp that occurs in the last 24 hours? Query: <cfquery name="caller.sel_BlogEntries" datasource="#request.db#"> SELECT blogentry.dateAdded, person.personName FROM blogentry INNER JOIN person ON blogentry.personID = person.personID WHERE blogentry.deleted = 'N' ORDER BY blogentry.dateAdded DESC </cfquery> blogentry.dateAdded is a MySql TimeStamp Thanks

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• How to change this mysql select into sql server select statement?

  - by Pandiya Chendur

  I use this mysql statement for concating description which has a length greater than 30.. select if (CHAR_LENGTH(description)>30,CONCAT(SUBSTRING(description,1,30), '.....'),description) as description from table How to change this mysql select into sql server select statement?

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• How do you set a default value for a MySQL Datetime column?

  - by Brian Boatright

  How do you set a default value for a MySQL Datetime column? In SQL Server it's getdate(), what is the equivalant for MySQL? I'm using 5.x if that is a factor.

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• How many of you have gone from MySQL to Postgresql? Was it worth it?

  - by trustfundbaby

  I'm thinking about moving from MySQL to Postgres for Rails development and I just want to hear what other developers that made the move have to say about it. I'm looking for personal experiences, not a Mysql v Postgres shootout, just the pros and cons that you yourself have arrived at. Stuff that folks might not necessarily think. Feel free to explain why you moved in the first place as well.

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• where is the actual data in a mysql db stored on a linux machine?

  - by noam

  Which files are the actual files holding the data in the tables in a mysql db? I went to /var/lib/mysql/ and I can see there a bunch of relatively small directories corresponding to my tables, and a lot of files named servername-bin.0000001 etc. Is the data stored in those files?

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• In python, is there a simple way to connect to a mysql database that doesn't require root access?

  - by Matthew

  I'm writing a script to parse some text files, and insert the data that they contain into a mysql database. I don't have root access on the server that this script will run on. I've been looking at mysql-python, but it requires a bunch of dependencies that I don't have available. Is there a simpler way to do this?

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• Database design (MySql)::should we put html data in text field inside database table or more efficie

  - by meyosef

  Hi, We building big Web Application and we use mysql, we want to make mysql database more fast. Some of us think if we will put message html body inside table and not inside text.txt in will make database heavy and not fast. Thanks, *Part of main table that hold message: option 1:hold html message body inside database message { id (int) subject (varchar) body (text) } option 2: hold html message body inside body1.txt file message { id (int) subject (varchar) file_body_path (varchar) } *

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• MySQL UPDATE clause removes slashes in values - any way to disable the sensitivity to slashes?

  - by Jeremy Rudd

  A MySQL UPDATE clause removes slashes in values, although double slashes ensures that the values save correctly. Any way to disable the sensitivity to slashes? Can I disable it in my connector? I'm using the official connector "MySql.Data" for C#.

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• PHP or MySql error; Possible to display an "error page" in browser?

  - by Camran

  My classifieds website uses mainly PHP and MySql. On error, (for example if a variable isn't found), I would like to have an error-page to show, is this possible? And I mean for every error to point to the same error-page. I am thinking about htaccess, but maybe there are other ways also? Same with MySql, how is it done there? Thanks

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• MySQL Date_Format based on today's date and another column?

  - by JM4

  I am aware of the MySQL Date_Format function but am looking to achieve the following: I have on column with a day date in 2 digit format (01-30). I am trying to update another date formatted field with the current year, the next month (m+1) and the day field mentioned previously. In PHP i would do this using mktime function but this must be done using mysql calls only. Is it possible to transform in this way?

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• Easiest way to activate PHP and MySQL on Mac OS 10.6 (Snow Leopard)?

  - by matt

  What is the easiest way to activate PHP and MySQL on Mac OS 10.6 (Snow Leopard)? I'd prefer to use any built in versions before resorting to downloading from the PHP or MySQL websites. I'm comfortable at the command line in Terminal.

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• Php/MySQL to ASP.NET/MSSQL, Suggest if its worth the trouble.

  - by user302656

  Hello Guys, We have been using PHP/MySQL for our web application which has been growing a lot, the database is around 4-5GB and one of the table is 2GB sometimes, hence slowing down whenever any queries to that table is called. Should we just try to optimize, or are we using MySQL above its limit? Will switching our web app to .NET/MSSQL resolve the issues? Thanks

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• Connection to mysql works through php but not through a form submission?

  - by Legend

  I have a download.php file that connects to a remote mysql database. If I run it using php download.php it works fine. But if I create another php file form.php and then submit the form to this download.php, it complains the following: Can't connect to MySQL server on '<IP_ADDRESS>' (13) Does anyone know why this might be happening? I can't see a reason why this works directly but fails to work upon form submission...

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• How to load file into mysql DB on a shared hosting platform?

  - by Vasu

  A process running on my machine collects data from various websites and stores it in the local mysql db. Same data is exported using SELECT INTO OUTFILE and FTPed to the shared host every few hours. My hosting provider doesn't allow LOAD DATA INFILE to be executed on the shared host? What are my other options for automated/scheduled load to MYSQL db on my shared host?

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