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  • Are there any Simple and Clean Methods to implement Maps (Google or otherwise) in RoR 3?

    - by Port3M5
    I'm looking into building a group work app for my final year project next year. One of the core parts is organising group meetings. I plan to make this as powerful as possible and adding a map can help get rid of excuses such as "I didn't know where it was". I have been unable to find any simple solutions to embed maps into my Rails apps so far. An important issue is I need Rails 3 Compatibility. What are your suggestions? Gems, plugins or even something totally different?

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  • How to calculate deceleration rate of a flipping coin (in c)?

    - by Horace Ho
    A flipping coin on table will slow down and drop to the table surface, facing up or down. How can I calculate the flip-per-second declaration rate over time? For example, assuming the coin is at 10 flipping per second when it starts how long will it take to stop? For each second (9, 8, 7, 6 ... 3, 2, 1, stop), how is the flipping rate changed? Friction can be approximated as some real world objects (say, a metallic coin on a wooden table). Thanks!

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  • How to get an item value of json using C#?

    - by user3487837
    How to get an item value of json using C#? json: [{ ID: '6512', fd: [{ titie: 'Graph-01', type: 'graph', views: { graph: { show: true, state: { group: 'DivisionName', series: ['FieldWeight', 'FactoryWeight', 'Variance'], graphType: 'lines-and-points' } } } }, { titie: 'Graph-02', type: 'Graph', views: { graph: { show: true, state: { group: 'DivisionName', series: ['FieldWeight', 'FactoryWeight', 'Variance'], graphType: 'lines-and-points' } } } }] }, { ID: '6506', fd: [{ titie: 'Map-01', type: 'map', views: { map: { show: true, state: { kpiField: 'P_BudgetAmount', kpiSlabs: [{ id: 'P_BudgetAmount', hues: ['#0fff03', '#eb0707'], scales: '10' }] } } } }] }] Above mentioned one is json, Here titie value will be get in a list please help me... my code is: string dashletsConfigPath = Url.Content("~/Content/Dashlets/Dashlets.json"); string jArray = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(Server.MapPath(dashletsConfigPath)) List<string> lists = new List<string>(); JArray list = JArray.Parse(jArray); var ll = list.Select(j => j["dashlets"]).ToList();

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  • Does '[ab]+' equal '(a|b)+' in python re module?

    - by user1477871
    I think pat1 = '[ab]' and pat2 = 'a|b' have the same function in Python(python2.7, windows) 're' module as a regular expression pattern. But I am confused with '[ab]+' and '(a|b)+', do they have the same function, if not plz explain details. ''' Created on 2012-9-4 @author: melo ''' import re pat1 = '(a|b)+' pat2 = '[ab]+' text = '22ababbbaa33aaa44b55bb66abaa77babab88' m1 = re.search(pat1, text) m2 = re.search(pat2, text) print 'search with pat1:', m1.group() print 'search with pat2:', m2.group() m11 = re.split(pat1, text) m22 = re.split(pat2, text) print 'split with pat1:', m11 print 'split with pat2:', m22 m111 = re.findall(pat1, text) m222 = re.findall(pat2, text) print 'findall with pat1:', m111 print 'findall with pat2:', m222 output as below: search with pat1: ababbbaa search with pat2: ababbbaa split with pat1: ['22', 'a', '33', 'a', '44', 'b', '55', 'b', '66', 'a', '77', 'b', '88'] split with pat2: ['22', '33', '44', '55', '66', '77', '88'] findall with pat1: ['a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'a', 'b'] findall with pat2: ['ababbbaa', 'aaa', 'b', 'bb', 'abaa', 'babab'] why are 'pat1' and 'pat2' different and what's their difference? what kind of strings can 'pat1' actually match?

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  • Update multiple values in a single statement

    - by Kluge
    I have a master / detail table and want to update some summary values in the master table against the detail table. I know I can update them like this: update MasterTbl set TotalX = (select sum(X) from DetailTbl where DetailTbl.MasterID = MasterTbl.ID) update MasterTbl set TotalY = (select sum(Y) from DetailTbl where DetailTbl.MasterID = MasterTbl.ID) update MasterTbl set TotalZ = (select sum(Z) from DetailTbl where DetailTbl.MasterID = MasterTbl.ID) But, I'd like to do it in a single statement, something like this: update MasterTbl set TotalX = sum(DetailTbl.X), TotalY = sum(DetailTbl.Y), TotalZ = sum(DetailTbl.Z) from DetailTbl where DetailTbl.MasterID = MasterTbl.ID group by MasterID but that doesn't work. I've also tried versions that omit the "group by" clause. I'm not sure whether I'm bumping up against the limits of my particular database (Advantage), or the limits of my SQL. Probably the latter. Can anyone help?

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  • Count, inner join

    - by Urosh
    I have two tables: DRIVER (Driver_Id,First name,Last name,...) PARTICIPANT IN CAR ACCIDENT (Participant_Id,Driver_Id-foreign key,responsibility-yes or no,...) Now, I need to find out which driver participated in accident where responsibility is 'YES', and how many times. I did this: Select Driver_ID, COUNT (Participant.Driver_ID)as 'Number of accidents' from Participant in car accident where responsibility='YES' group by Driver_ID order by COUNT (Participant.Driver_ID) desc But, I need to add drivers first and last name from the first table(using inner join, I suppose). I don't know how, because it is not contained in either an aggregate function or the GROUP BY clause. Please help :)

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  • CakePHP ACL use case(s)

    - by Jonathan
    I have got a simple web app in development, i want to establish a couple of user groups; Admin, Doctors & Patients. Each group would have their access restricted to particular controller actions rather than individual content. So for example, Doctors can view patient records (index & view actions), but cannot delete them. Usually i would create a groups model, and assign the various users to a group. And filter in the beforeFilter() method to determine if the user has access. But if ACL can do the job, why right the code, right? Thanks

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  • Caluculating sum of activity

    - by Maddy
    I have a table which is with following kind of information activity cost order date other information 10 1 100 -- 20 2 100 10 1 100 30 4 100 40 4 100 20 2 100 40 4 100 20 2 100 10 1 101 10 1 101 20 1 101 My requirement is to get sum of all activities over a work order ex: for order 100 1+2+4+4=11 1(for activity 10) 2(for activity 20) 4 (for activity 30) etc. i tried with group by, its taking lot time for calculation. There are 1lakh plus records in warehouse. is there any possibility in efficient way. SELECT SUM(MIN(cost)) FROM COST_WAREHOUSE a WHERE order = 100 GROUP BY (order, ACTIVITY)

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  • trying to work through a list in sections

    - by user1714887
    I have a list of lists sorted by the second value of the list (the groups). I now need to iterate through this to work on each "group" at a time. the data is [name, group, data1, data2, data3, data4]. I wasn't sure if I need a while or some other sort of loop, or maybe groupby but I've never used that. any help would be appreciated. for i in range (int(max_group)): x1 = [] x2 = [] x3 = [] x4 = [] if data[i][1] == i+1: x1.append(data[2]) x2.append(data[3]) x3.append(data[4]) x4.append(data[5]) print x1 print 'next' # these are just to test where we're at

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  • multiple puppet masters

    - by Oli
    I would like to set up an additional puppet master but have the CA server handled by only 1 puppet master. I have set this up as per the documentation here: http://docs.puppetlabs.com/guides/scaling_multiple_masters.html I have configured my second puppet master as follows: [main] ... ca = false ca_server = puppet-master1.test.net I am using passenger so I am a bit confused how the virtual-host.conf file should look for my second puppet-master2.test.net. Here is mine (updated as per Shane Maddens answer): LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18 PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby Listen 8140 <VirtualHost *:8140> ProxyPassMatch ^/([^/]+/certificate.*)$ https://puppet-master1.test.net:8140/$1 SSLEngine on SSLProtocol -ALL +SSLv3 +TLSv1 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:-SSLv2:-EXP SSLCertificateFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/puppet-master2.test.net.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppet-master2.test.net.pem #SSLCertificateChainFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem #SSLCACertificateFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem # If Apache complains about invalid signatures on the CRL, you can try disabling # CRL checking by commenting the next line, but this is not recommended. #SSLCARevocationFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem SSLVerifyClient optional SSLVerifyDepth 1 # The `ExportCertData` option is needed for agent certificate expiration warnings SSLOptions +StdEnvVars +ExportCertData # This header needs to be set if using a loadbalancer or proxy RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-For RequestHeader set X-SSL-Subject %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN}e RequestHeader set X-Client-DN %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN}e RequestHeader set X-Client-Verify %{SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY}e DocumentRoot /etc/puppet/rack/public/ RackBaseURI / <Directory /etc/puppet/rack/> Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> I have commented out the #SSLCertificateChainFile, #SSLCACertificateFile & #SSLCARevocationFile - this is not a CA server so not sure I need this. How would I get passenger to work with these? I would like to use ProxyPassMatch which I have configured as per the documentation. I don't want to specify a ca server in every puppet.conf file. I am getting this error when trying to get create a cert from a puppet client pointing to the second puppet master server (puppet-master2.test.net): [root@puppet-client2 ~]# puppet agent --test Error: Could not request certificate: Could not intern from s: nested asn1 error Exiting; failed to retrieve certificate and waitforcert is disabled On the puppet client I have this [main] server = puppet-master2.test.net What have I missed? -- update Here is a new virtual host file on my secondary puppet master. Is this correct? I have SSL turned off? LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18 PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby # you probably want to tune these settings PassengerHighPerformance on PassengerMaxPoolSize 12 PassengerPoolIdleTime 1500 # PassengerMaxRequests 1000 PassengerStatThrottleRate 120 RackAutoDetect Off RailsAutoDetect Off Listen 8140 <VirtualHost *:8140> SSLEngine off ProxyPassMatch ^/([^/]+/certificate.*)$ https://puppet-master1.test.net:8140/$1 # Obtain Authentication Information from Client Request Headers SetEnvIf X-Client-Verify "(.*)" SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY=$1 SetEnvIf X-SSL-Client-DN "(.*)" SSL_CLIENT_S_DN=$1 DocumentRoot /etc/puppet/rack/public/ RackBaseURI / <Directory /etc/puppet/rack/> Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> Cheers, Oli

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  • Why is this mod_rewrite RewriteRule directive not working in the .htaccess file?

    - by morgant
    I've got a site that was hosted on a linux el cheapo hosting service that I'm migrating to my Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard Server server running Apache 2.2.8 & PHP 5.2.5 w/rewrite_module enabled and AllowOverride All, but I'm running into an issue with the following lines in the .htaccess file: RewriteEngine On #RewriteRule ^view/([^/\.]+)/?$ /view.php?item=$1 [L] #RewriteRule ^order/([^/\.]+)/?$ /order.php?item=$1 [L] RewriteRule ^category/([^/\.]+)/?$ /category.php?category=$1 [L] As you can see, I've commented out the RewriteRule directives for /view/ and /order/, so I'm only dealing with /category/. When I attempt to load http://domain.tld/category/2/ it runs category.php (I've added debug code to confirm), but $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] comes through as /category/2/ and $_GET['category'] comes through as empty. I'm usually fine with troubleshooting .htaccess files and mod_rewrite directives, but this one's got me stumped for some reason. Update: I followed Josh's suggestion and here's the what's dumped to mod_rewrite.log when I try to access http://domain.tld/category/2/: 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (2) init rewrite engine with requested uri /category/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) applying pattern '.*' to uri '/category/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (1) pass through /category/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] add path info postfix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php -> /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 -> category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri 'category.php/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] add path info postfix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php -> /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 -> category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri 'category.php/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (2) init rewrite engine with requested uri /13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) applying pattern '.*' to uri '/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (1) pass through /13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/13 -> 13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri '13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/13

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  • How to setup linux permissions for the WWW folder?

    - by Xeoncross
    Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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  • Why is this mod_rewrite RewriteRule directive not working in the .htaccess file?

    - by morgant
    I've got a site that was hosted on a linux el cheapo hosting service that I'm migrating to my Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard Server server running Apache 2.2.8 & PHP 5.2.5 w/rewrite_module enabled and AllowOverride All, but I'm running into an issue with the following lines in the .htaccess file: RewriteEngine On #RewriteRule ^view/([^/\.]+)/?$ /view.php?item=$1 [L] #RewriteRule ^order/([^/\.]+)/?$ /order.php?item=$1 [L] RewriteRule ^category/([^/\.]+)/?$ /category.php?category=$1 [L] As you can see, I've commented out the RewriteRule directives for /view/ and /order/, so I'm only dealing with /category/. When I attempt to load http://domain.tld/category/2/ it runs category.php (I've added debug code to confirm), but $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] comes through as /category/2/ and $_GET['category'] comes through as empty. I'm usually fine with troubleshooting .htaccess files and mod_rewrite directives, but this one's got me stumped for some reason. Update: I followed Josh's suggestion and here's the what's dumped to mod_rewrite.log when I try to access http://domain.tld/category/2/: 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (2) init rewrite engine with requested uri /category/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) applying pattern '.*' to uri '/category/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (1) pass through /category/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] add path info postfix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php -> /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 -> category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri 'category.php/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] add path info postfix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php -> /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 -> category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri 'category.php/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (2) init rewrite engine with requested uri /13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) applying pattern '.*' to uri '/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (1) pass through /13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/13 -> 13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri '13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/13

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  • Cloudformation with Ubuntu throwing errors

    - by Sammaye
    I have been doing some reading and have come to the understanding that if you wish to use a launchConfig with Ubuntu you will need to install the cfn-init file yourself which I have done: "Properties" : { "KeyName" : { "Ref" : "KeyName" }, "SpotPrice" : "0.05", "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] }, "SecurityGroups" : [ { "Ref" : "InstanceSecurityGroup" } ], "InstanceType" : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [ "#!/bin/bash\n", "apt-get -y install python-setuptools\n", "easy_install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-1.0-6.tar.gz\n", "cfn-init ", " --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" }, " --resource LaunchConfig ", " --configset ALL", " --access-key ", { "Ref" : "WorkerKeys" }, " --secret-key ", {"Fn::GetAtt": ["WorkerKeys", "SecretAccessKey"]}, " --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, " || error_exit 'Failed to run cfn-init'\n" ]]}} But I have a problem with this setup that I cannot seem to get a decent answer to. I keep getting this error in the logs: Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: config-scripts-per-once already ran once Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-per-boot with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-per-instance with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-user with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] cc_scripts_user.py[WARNING]: failed to run-parts in /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[WARNING]: Traceback (most recent call last):#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/__init__.py", line 117, in run_cc_modules#012 cc.handle(name, run_args, freq=freq)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/__init__.py", line 78, in handle#012 [name, self.cfg, self.cloud, cloudinit.log, args])#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/__init__.py", line 326, in sem_and_run#012 func(*args)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/cc_scripts_user.py", line 31, in handle#012 util.runparts(runparts_path)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/util.py", line 223, in runparts#012 raise RuntimeError('runparts: %i failures' % failed)#012RuntimeError: runparts: 1 failures Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[ERROR]: config handling of scripts-user, None, [] failed Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling keys-to-console with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling phone-home with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling final-message with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] cloud-init-cfg[ERROR]: errors running cloud_config [final]: ['scripts-user'] I have absolutely no idea what scripts-user means and Google is not helping much here either. I can, when I ssh into the server, see that it runs the userdata script since I can access cfn-init as a command whereas I cannot in the original AMI the instance is made from. However I have a launchConfig: "Comment" : "Install a simple PHP application", "AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : { "configSets" : { "ALL" : ["WorkerRole"] }, "WorkerRole" : { "files" : { "/etc/cron.d/worker.cron" : { "content" : "*/1 * * * * ubuntu /home/ubuntu/worker_cron.php &> /home/ubuntu/worker.log\n", "mode" : "000644", "owner" : "root", "group" : "root" }, "/home/ubuntu/worker_cron.php" : { "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [ "#!/usr/bin/env php", "<?php", "define('ROOT', dirname(__FILE__));", "const AWS_KEY = \"", { "Ref" : "WorkerKeys" }, "\";", "const AWS_SECRET = \"", { "Fn::GetAtt": ["WorkerKeys", "SecretAccessKey"]}, "\";", "const QUEUE = \"", { "Ref" : "InputQueue" }, "\";", "exec('git clone x '.ROOT.'/worker');", "if(!file_exists(ROOT.'/worker/worker_despatcher.php')){", "echo 'git not downloaded right';", "exit();", "}", "echo 'git downloaded';", "include_once ROOT.'/worker/worker_despatcher.php';" ]]}, "mode" : "000755", "owner" : "ubuntu", "group" : "ubuntu" } } } } Which does not seem to run at all. I have checked for the files existance in my home directory and it's not there. I have checked for the cronjob entry and it's not there either. I cannot, after reading through the documentation, seem to see what's potentially wrong with my code. Any thoughts on why this is not working? Am I missing something blatant?

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  • AMD 24 core server memory bandwidth

    - by ntherning
    I need some help to determine whether the memory bandwidth I'm seeing under Linux on my server is normal or not. Here's the server spec: HP ProLiant DL165 G7 2x AMD Opteron 6164 HE 12-Core 40 GB RAM (10 x 4GB DDR1333) Debian 6.0 Using mbw on this server I get the following numbers: foo1:~# mbw -n 3 1024 Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory. Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test. Getting down to business... Doing 3 runs per test. 0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.58047 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 1764.082 MiB/s 1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.58012 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 1765.152 MiB/s 2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.58010 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 1765.201 MiB/s AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.58023 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 1764.811 MiB/s 0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.36174 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2830.778 MiB/s 1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.35869 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2854.817 MiB/s 2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.35848 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2856.481 MiB/s AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.35964 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2847.310 MiB/s 0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.23546 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4348.860 MiB/s 1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.23544 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4349.230 MiB/s 2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.23544 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4349.359 MiB/s AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.23545 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4349.149 MiB/s On one of my other servers (based on Intel Xeon E3-1270): foo2:~# mbw -n 3 1024 Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory. Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test. Getting down to business... Doing 3 runs per test. 0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.18960 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5400.901 MiB/s 1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.18922 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5411.690 MiB/s 2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.18944 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5405.491 MiB/s AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.18942 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5406.024 MiB/s 0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.14838 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6901.200 MiB/s 1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.14818 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6910.561 MiB/s 2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.14820 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6909.628 MiB/s AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.14825 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6907.127 MiB/s 0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04362 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 23477.623 MiB/s 1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04262 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 24025.151 MiB/s 2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04258 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 24048.849 MiB/s AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04294 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 23847.599 MiB/s For reference here's what I get on my Intel based laptop: laptop:~$ mbw -n 3 1024 Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory. Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test. Getting down to business... Doing 3 runs per test. 0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.40566 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2524.269 MiB/s 1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.38458 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2662.638 MiB/s 2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.38876 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2634.043 MiB/s AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.39300 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2605.600 MiB/s 0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.30707 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3334.745 MiB/s 1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.30425 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3365.653 MiB/s 2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.30342 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3374.849 MiB/s AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.30491 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3358.328 MiB/s 0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.07875 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 13003.670 MiB/s 1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08374 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 12228.034 MiB/s 2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.07635 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 13411.216 MiB/s AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.07961 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 12862.006 MiB/s So according to mbw my laptop is 3 times faster than the server!!! Please help me explain this. I've also tried to mount a ram disk and use dd to benchmark it and I get similar differences so I don't think mbw is to blame. I've checked the BIOS settings and the memory seem to be running at full speed. According to the hosting company the modules are all OK. Could this have something to do with NUMA? It seems like Node Interleaving is disabled on this server. Will enabling it (thus turning off NUMA) make a difference? foo1:~# numactl --hardware available: 4 nodes (0-3) node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 node 0 size: 8190 MB node 0 free: 7898 MB node 1 cpus: 6 7 8 9 10 11 node 1 size: 12288 MB node 1 free: 12073 MB node 2 cpus: 18 19 20 21 22 23 node 2 size: 12288 MB node 2 free: 12034 MB node 3 cpus: 12 13 14 15 16 17 node 3 size: 8192 MB node 3 free: 8032 MB node distances: node 0 1 2 3 0: 10 20 20 20 1: 20 10 20 20 2: 20 20 10 20 3: 20 20 20 10

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  • ssh authentication nfs

    - by user40135
    Hi all I would like to do ssh from machine "ub0" to another machine "ub1" without using passwords. I setup using nfs on "ub0" but still I am asked to insert a password. Here is my scenario: * machine ub0 and ub1 have the same user "mpiu", with same pwd, same userid, and same group id * the 2 servers are sharing a folder that is the HOME directory for "mpiu" * I did a chmod 700 on the .ssh * I created a key using ssh-keygene -t dsa * I did "cat id_dsa.pub authorized_keys". On this last file I tried also chmod 600 and chmod 640 * off course I can guarantee that on machine ub1 the user "shared_user" can see the same fodler that wes mounted with no problem. Below the content of my .ssh folder Code: authorized_keys id_dsa id_dsa.pub known_hosts After all of this calling wathever function "ssh ub1 hostname" I am requested my password. Do you know what I can try? I also UNcommented in the ssh_config file for both machines this line IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa I also tried ssh -i $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa mpiu@ub1 Below the ssh -vv Code: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-3ubuntu1, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-3ubuntu1, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ub1 [192.168.2.9] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug1: identity file /mirror/mpiu/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version lshd-2.0.4 lsh - a GNU ssh debug1: no match: lshd-2.0.4 lsh - a GNU ssh debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-3ubuntu1 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,spki-sign-rsa debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes256-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,arcfour debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes256-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,arcfour debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-sha1,hmac-md5 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-sha1,hmac-md5 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server-client 3des-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client-server 3des-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 183/384 debug2: bits set: 1028/2048 debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY debug1: Host 'ub1' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /mirror/mpiu/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 1039/2048 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /mirror/mpiu/.ssh/id_dsa (0xb874b098) debug1: Authentications that can continue: password,publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /mirror/mpiu/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: password,publickey debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: password mpiu@ub1's password: I hangs here!

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  • Why is IIS Anonymous authentication being used with administrative UNC drive access?

    - by Mark Lindell
    My account is local administrator on my machine. If I try to browse to a non-existent drive letter on my own box using a UNC path name: \mymachine\x$ my account would get locked out. I would also get the following warning (Event ID 100, Type “Warning”) 5 times under the “System” group in Event Viewer on my box: The server was unable to logon the Windows NT account 'ourdomain\myaccount' due to the following error: Logon failure: unknown user name or bad password. I would also get the following warning 3 times: The server was unable to logon the Windows NT account 'ourdomain\myaccount' due to the following error: The referenced account is currently locked out and may not be logged on to. On the domain controller, Event ID 680 of type “Failure Audit” would appear 4 times under the “Security” group in Event Viewer: Logon attempt by: MICROSOFT_AUTHENTICATION_PACKAGE_V1_0 Logon account: myaccount Followed by Event ID 644: User Account Locked Out: Target Account Name: myaccount Target Account ID: OURDOMAIN\myaccount Caller Machine Name: MYMACHINE Caller User Name: STAN$ Caller Domain: OURDOMAIN Caller Logon ID: (0x0,0x3E7) Followed by another 4 errors having Event ID 680. Strangely, every time I tried to browse to the UNC path I would be prompted for a user name and password, the above errors would be written to the log, and my account would be locked out. When I hit “Cancel” in response to the user name/password prompt, the following message box would display: Windows cannot find \mymachine\x$. Check the spelling and try again, or try searching for the item by clicking the Start button and then clicking Search. I checked with others in the group using XP and they only got the above message box when browsing to a “bad” drive letter on their box. No one else was prompted for a user name/password and then locked out. So, every time I tried to browse to the “bad” drive letter, behind the scenes XP was trying to login 8 times using bad credentials (or, at least a bad password as the login was correct), causing my account to get locked out on the 4th try. Interestingly, If I tried browsing to a “good” drive such as “c$” it would work fine. As a test, I tried logging on to my box as a different login and browsing the “bad” UNC path. Strangely, my “ourdomain\myaccount” account was getting locked out – not the one I was logged in as! I was totally confused as to why the credentials for the other login were being passed. After much Googling, I found a link referring to some IIS settings I was vaguely familiar with from the past but could not see how they would affect this issue. It was related to the IIS directory security setting “Anonymous access and authentication control” located under: Control Panel/Administrative Tools/Computer Management/Services and Applications/Internet Information Services/Web Sites/Default Web Site/Properties/Directory Security/Anonymous access and authentication control/Edit/Password I found no indication while scouring the Internet that this property was related to my UNC problem. But, I did notice that this property was set to my domain user name and password. And, my password did age recently but I had not reset the password accordingly for this property. Sure enough, keying in the new password corrected the problem. I was no longer prompted for a user name/password when browsing the UNC path and the account lock-outs ceased. Now, a couple of questions: Why would an IIS setting affect the browsing of a UNC path on a local box? Why had I not encountered this problem before? My password has aged several times and I’ve never encountered this problem. And, I can’t remember the last time I updated the “Anonymous access” IIS password it’s been so long. I’ve run the script after a password reset before and never had my account locked-out due to the UNC problem (the script accesses UNC paths as a normal part of its processing). Windows Update did install “Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer 7 for Windows XP (KB972260)” on my box on 7/29/2009. I wonder if this is responsible.

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  • How to setup linux permissions the WWW folder?

    - by Xeoncross
    Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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  • Windows 7: How to place SuperFetch cache on an SSD?

    - by Ian Boyd
    I'm thinking of adding a solid state drive (SSD) to my existing Windows 7 installation. I know I can (and should) move my paging file to the SSD: Should the pagefile be placed on SSDs? Yes. Most pagefile operations are small random reads or larger sequential writes, both of which are types of operations that SSDs handle well. In looking at telemetry data from thousands of traces and focusing on pagefile reads and writes, we find that Pagefile.sys reads outnumber pagefile.sys writes by about 40 to 1, Pagefile.sys read sizes are typically quite small, with 67% less than or equal to 4 KB, and 88% less than 16 KB. Pagefile.sys writes are relatively large, with 62% greater than or equal to 128 KB and 45% being exactly 1 MB in size. In fact, given typical pagefile reference patterns and the favorable performance characteristics SSDs have on those patterns, there are few files better than the pagefile to place on an SSD. What I don't know is if I even can put a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost cache) on the solid state drive. I want to get the benefit of Windows being able to cache gigabytes of frequently accessed data on a relativly small (e.g. 30GB) solid state drive. This is exactly what SuperFetch+ReadyBoost (or SuperFetch+ReadyDrive) was designed for. Will Windows offer (or let) me place a ReadyBoost cache on a solid state flash drive connected via SATA? A problem with the ReadyBoost cache over the ReadyDrive cache is that the ReadyBoost cache does not survive between reboots. The cache is encrypted with a per-session key, making its existing contents unusable during boot and SuperFetch pre-fetching during login. Update One I know that Windows Vista limited you to only one ReadyBoost.sfcache file (I do not know if Windows 7 removed that limitation): Q: Can use use multiple devices for EMDs? A: Nope. We've limited Vista to one ReadyBoost per machine Q: Why just one device? A: Time and quality. Since this is the first revision of the feature, we decided to focus on making the single device exceptional, without the difficulties of managing multiple caches. We like the idea, though, and it's under consideration for future versions. I also know that the 4GB limit on the cache file was a limitation of the FAT filesystem used on most USB sticks - an SSD drive would be formatted with NTFS: Q: What's the largest amount of flash that I can use for ReadyBoost? A: You can use up to 4GB of flash for ReadyBoost (which turns out to be 8GB of cache w/ the compression) Q: Why can't I use more than 4GB of flash? A: The FAT32 filesystem limits our ReadyBoost.sfcache file to 4GB Can a ReadyBoost cache on an NTFS volume be larger than 4GB? Update Two The ReadyBoost cache is encrypted with a per-boot session key. This means that the cache has to be re-built after each boot, and cannot be used to help speed boot times, or latency from login to usable. Windows ReadyDrive technology takes advantage of non-volatile (NV) memory (i.e. flash) that is incorporated with some hybrid hard drives. This flash cache can be used to help Windows boot, or resume from hibernate faster. Will Windows 7 use an internal SSD drive as a ReadyBoost/*ReadyDrive*/SuperFetch cache? Is it possible to make Windows store a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost) on a non-removable SSD? Is it possible to not encrypt the ReadyBoost cache, and if so will Windows 7 use the cache at boot time? See also SuperUser.com: ReadyBoost + SSD = ? Windows 7 - ReadyBoost & SSD drives? Support and Q&A for Solid-State Drives Using SDD as a cache for HDD, is there a solution? Performance increase using SSD for paging/fetch/cache or ReadyBoost? (Win7) Windows 7 To Boost SSD Performance How to Disable Nonvolatile Caching

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  • How to place SuperFetch cache on an SSD?

    - by Ian Boyd
    I'm thinking of adding a solid state drive (SSD) to my existing Windows 7 installation. I know I can (and should) move my paging file to the SSD: Should the pagefile be placed on SSDs? Yes. Most pagefile operations are small random reads or larger sequential writes, both of which are types of operations that SSDs handle well. In looking at telemetry data from thousands of traces and focusing on pagefile reads and writes, we find that Pagefile.sys reads outnumber pagefile.sys writes by about 40 to 1, Pagefile.sys read sizes are typically quite small, with 67% less than or equal to 4 KB, and 88% less than 16 KB. Pagefile.sys writes are relatively large, with 62% greater than or equal to 128 KB and 45% being exactly 1 MB in size. In fact, given typical pagefile reference patterns and the favorable performance characteristics SSDs have on those patterns, there are few files better than the pagefile to place on an SSD. What I don't know is if I even can put a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost cache) on the solid state drive. I want to get the benefit of Windows being able to cache gigabytes of frequently accessed data on a relativly small (e.g. 30GB) solid state drive. This is exactly what SuperFetch+ReadyBoost (or SuperFetch+ReadyDrive) was designed for. Will Windows offer (or let) me place a ReadyBoost cache on a solid state flash drive connected via SATA? A problem with the ReadyBoost cache over the ReadyDrive cache is that the ReadyBoost cache does not survive between reboots. The cache is encrypted with a per-session key, making its existing contents unusable during boot and SuperFetch pre-fetching during login. Update One I know that Windows Vista limited you to only one ReadyBoost.sfcache file (I do not know if Windows 7 removed that limitation): Q: Can use use multiple devices for EMDs? A: Nope. We've limited Vista to one ReadyBoost per machine Q: Why just one device? A: Time and quality. Since this is the first revision of the feature, we decided to focus on making the single device exceptional, without the difficulties of managing multiple caches. We like the idea, though, and it's under consideration for future versions. I also know that the 4GB limit on the cache file was a limitation of the FAT filesystem used on most USB sticks - an SSD drive would be formatted with NTFS: Q: What's the largest amount of flash that I can use for ReadyBoost? A: You can use up to 4GB of flash for ReadyBoost (which turns out to be 8GB of cache w/ the compression) Q: Why can't I use more than 4GB of flash? A: The FAT32 filesystem limits our ReadyBoost.sfcache file to 4GB Can a ReadyBoost cache on an NTFS volume be larger than 4GB? Update Two The ReadyBoost cache is encrypted with a per-boot session key. This means that the cache has to be re-built after each boot, and cannot be used to help speed boot times, or latency from login to usable. Windows ReadyDrive technology takes advantage of non-volatile (NV) memory (i.e. flash) that is incorporated with some hybrid hard drives. This flash cache can be used to help Windows boot, or resume from hibernate faster. Will Windows 7 use an internal SSD drive as a ReadyBoost/*ReadyDrive*/SuperFetch cache? Is it possible to make Windows store a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost) on a non-removable SSD? Is it possible to not encrypt the ReadyBoost cache, and if so will Windows 7 use the cache at boot time? See also SuperUser.com: ReadyBoost + SSD = ? Windows 7 - ReadyBoost & SSD drives? Support and Q&A for Solid-State Drives Using SDD as a cache for HDD, is there a solution? Performance increase using SSD for paging/fetch/cache or ReadyBoost? (Win7) Windows 7 To Boost SSD Performance How to Disable Nonvolatile Caching

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  • Long connection times from PHP to MySQL on EC2

    - by Erik Giberti
    I'm having an intermittent issue connecting to a database slave with InnoDB. Intermittently I get connections taking longer than 2 seconds. These servers are hosted on Amazon's EC2. The app server is PHP 5.2/Apache running on Ubuntu. The DB slave is running Percona's XtraDB 5.1 on Ubuntu 9.10. It's using an EBS Raid array for the data storage. We already use skip name resolve and bind to address 0.0.0.0. This is a stub of the PHP code that's failing $tmp = mysqli_init(); $start_time = microtime(true); $tmp-options(MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 2); $tmp-real_connect($DB_SERVERS[$server]['server'], $DB_SERVERS[$server]['username'], $DB_SERVERS[$server]['password'], $DB_SERVERS[$server]['schema'], $DB_SERVERS[$server]['port']); if(mysqli_connect_errno()){ $timer = microtime(true) - $start_time; mail($errors_to,'DB connection error',$timer); } There's more than 300Mb available on the DB server for new connections and the server is nowhere near the max allowed (60 of 1,200). Loading on both servers is < 2 on 4 core m1.xlarge instances. Some highlights from the mysql config max_connections = 1200 thread_stack = 512K thread_cache_size = 1024 thread_concurrency = 16 innodb-file-per-table innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 13G Any help on tracing the source of the slowdown is appreciated. [EDIT] I have been updating the sysctl values for the network but they don't seem to be fixing the problem. I made the following adjustments on both the database and application servers. net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 180 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1280 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 16777216 [EDIT] Per jaimieb's suggestion, I added some tracing and captured the following data using time. This server handles about 51 queries/second at this the time of day. The connection error was raised once (at 13:06:36) during the 3 minute window outlined below. Since there was 1 failure and roughly 9,200 successful connections, I think this isn't going to produce anything meaningful in terms of reporting. Script: date /root/database_server.txt (time mysql -h database_Server -D schema_name -u appuser -p apppassword -e '') /dev/null 2 /root/database_server.txt Results: === Application Server 1 === Mon Feb 22 13:05:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.008s user 0m0.001s sys 0m0.000s Mon Feb 22 13:06:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.007s user 0m0.002s sys 0m0.000s Mon Feb 22 13:07:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.008s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.001s === Application Server 2 === Mon Feb 22 13:05:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.009s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.002s Mon Feb 22 13:06:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.009s user 0m0.001s sys 0m0.003s Mon Feb 22 13:07:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.008s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.001s === Database Server === Mon Feb 22 13:05:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.016s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.010s Mon Feb 22 13:06:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.006s user 0m0.010s sys 0m0.000s Mon Feb 22 13:07:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.016s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.010s [EDIT] Per a suggestion received on a LinkedIn question, I tried setting the back_log value higher. We had been running the default value (50) and increased it to 150. We also raised the kernel value /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn (maximum socket connections) to 256 on both the application and database server from the default 128. We did see some elevation in processor utilization as a result but still received connection timeouts.

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  • i cant ping to my DMZ zone from the local inside PC

    - by Big Denzel
    HI everybody. Can anyone please help me on the following issue. I got a Cisco Asa 5520 configured at my network. I cant ping to my DMZ interface from a local inside network PC. so the only way a ping the DMZ is right from the Cisco ASA firewall, there i can pint to all 3 interfaces, Inside, Outside and DMZ,,,, But no PC from the Inside Network can access the DMZ. Can please any one help? I thank you all in advance Bellow is my Cisco ASA 5520 Firewall show run; ASA-FW# sh run : Saved : ASA Version 7.0(8) ! hostname ASA-FW enable password encrypted passwd encrypted names dns-guard ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 description "Link-To-GW-Router" nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 41.223.156.109 255.255.255.248 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description "Link-To-Local-LAN" nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.252.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 description "Link-To-DMZ" nameif dmz security-level 50 ip address 172.16.16.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/3 shutdown no nameif no security-level no ip address ! interface Management0/0 description "Local-Management-Interface" no nameif no security-level ip address 192.168.192.1 255.255.255.0 ! ftp mode passive access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit tcp any host 41.223.156.107 eq smtp access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit tcp any host 41.223.156.106 eq www access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit icmp any any log access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended deny ip any any access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq pop3 access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq smtp access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq ssh access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq telnet access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq https access-list inside extended permit udp any any eq domain access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq domain access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq www access-list inside extended permit ip any any access-list inside extended permit icmp any any access-list dmz extended permit ip any any access-list dmz extended permit icmp any any access-list cap extended permit ip 10.1.4.0 255.255.252.0 172.16.16.0 255.255.25 5.0 access-list cap extended permit ip 172.16.16.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.4.0 255.255.25 2.0 no pager logging enable logging buffer-size 5000 logging monitor warnings logging trap warnings mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 mtu dmz 1500 no failover asdm image disk0:/asdm-508.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (dmz,outside) tcp 41.223.156.106 www 172.16.16.80 www netmask 255.255.255 .255 static (dmz,outside) tcp 41.223.156.107 smtp 172.16.16.25 smtp netmask 255.255.2 55.255 static (inside,dmz) 10.1.0.0 10.1.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 access-group OUT-TO-DMZ in interface outside access-group inside in interface inside access-group dmz in interface dmz route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 41.223.156.108 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 timeout mgcp-pat 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute http server enable http 10.1.4.0 255.255.252.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside ! ! match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns maximum-length 512 inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect skinny inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect sip inspect xdmcp ! service-policy global_policy global Cryptochecksum: : end ASA-FW# Please Help. Big Denzel

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  • XenServer Converting HVM to Paravirtualised

    - by Karl Kloppenborg
    Recently I have been tasked with the daunting process of converting a setup of HVM enabled VMs (running on Citrix XenServer 5.6.0) into PV (paravirtualised) containers. The constraints of the project was that: The operating system must be functionally identical after the migration. minimal modification to the operating system (with exception of kernel / drive mapping) I also was allowed to change the bootloader(ie, grub) in what ever way I see fit. However, I have attempted this, I will firstly like to show you my steps I took. This at the moment is CentOS5.5 specific: Steps: yum install kernel-xen This installed: 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen edited: /boot/grub/menu.lst changed my specs to match: title CentOS (2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 console=xvc0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen.img Then I changed my xenserver parameters to match: xe vm-param-set uuid=[vm uuid] PV-bootloader-args="--kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen --ramdisk /initrd-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen.img" xe vm-param-set uuid=[vm uuid] HVM-boot-policy="" xe vm-param-set uuid=[vm uuid] PV-bootloader=pygrub xe vbd-param-set uuid==[Virtual Block Device/VBD uuid] bootable=true Some things to note, I am running a VolGroup LVM ;) Anyways, after all these steps (which aren't much!) I boot the VM and it boots initial kernel just fine, however I am presented with this error: Boot Screen: device-mapper: dm-raid45: initialized v0.2594l Waiting for driver initialization. Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices Scanning logical volumes Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Activating logical volumes Volume group "VolGroup00" not found Creating root device. Mounting root filesystem. mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root' Setting up other filesystems. Setting up new root fs setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory no fstab.sys, mounting internal defaults setuproot: error mounting /proc: No such file or directory setuproot: error mounting /sys: No such file or directory Switching to new root and running init. unmounting old /dev unmounting old /proc unmounting old /sys switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory Now my hints are that it cannot detect / because of the fact that when you change from HVM mode to PV it does something (not that obvious) When you make a SR (storage) on a HVM, you get it mounted to the guest os as /dev/hda. However in PV mode, this presents itself as /dev/xvda... Could this be the answer? and if so, how the heck to I implement it?? Update: So I have gotten a bit further in my quest, as it now detects the LVM's... To do this, I required to recompile the xen-kernel initrd image. Command: mkinitrd -v --builtin=xen_vbd --preload=xenblk initrd-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen.img 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen Now when I boot I get this: Boot Screen: Loading dm-raid45.ko module device-mapper: dm-raid45: initialized v0.2594l Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices Scanning logical volumes Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2 Activating logical volumes 3 logical volume(s) in volume group "VolGroup00" now active Creating root device. Mounting root filesystem. mount: error mounting /dev/root on /sysroot as ext3: Device or resource busy Setting up other filesystems. Setting up new root fs setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory no fstab.sys, mounting internal defaults setuproot: error mounting /proc: No such file or directory setuproot: error mounting /sys: No such file or directory Switching to new root and running init. unmounting old /dev unmounting old /proc unmounting old /sys switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!

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  • Cisco Pix how to add an additional block of static ip addresses for nat?

    - by Scott Szretter
    I have a pix 501 with 5 static ip addresses. My isp just gave me 5 more. I am trying to figure out how to add the new block and then how to nat/open at least one of them to an inside machine. So far, I named a new interface "intf2", ip range is 71.11.11.58 - 62 (gateway should 71.11.11.57) imgsvr is the machine I want to nat to one of the (71.11.11.59) new ip addresses. mail (.123) is an example of a machine that is mapped to the current existing 5 ip block (96.11.11.121 gate / 96.11.11.122-127) and working fine. Building configuration... : Saved : PIX Version 6.3(4) interface ethernet0 auto interface ethernet0 vlan1 logical interface ethernet1 auto nameif ethernet0 outside security0 nameif ethernet1 inside security100 nameif vlan1 intf2 security1 enable password xxxxxxxxx encrypted passwd xxxxxxxxx encrypted hostname xxxxxxxPIX domain-name xxxxxxxxxxx no fixup protocol dns fixup protocol ftp 21 fixup protocol h323 h225 1720 fixup protocol h323 ras 1718-1719 fixup protocol http 80 fixup protocol rsh 514 fixup protocol rtsp 554 fixup protocol sip 5060 fixup protocol sip udp 5060 fixup protocol skinny 2000 no fixup protocol smtp 25 fixup protocol sqlnet 1521 fixup protocol tftp 69 names ...snip... name 192.168.10.13 mail name 192.168.10.29 imgsvr object-group network vpn1 network-object mail 255.255.255.255 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq www access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq 3389 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.123 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.123 eq www access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq smtp access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq 10443 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq smtp access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq 10443 access-list outside_access_in deny ip any any access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 ...snip... access-list inside_access_in deny tcp any any eq smtp access-list inside_access_in permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging on logging buffered notifications mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 ip address outside 96.11.11.122 255.255.255.248 ip address inside 192.168.10.15 255.255.255.0 ip address intf2 71.11.11.58 255.255.255.248 ip audit info action alarm ip audit attack action alarm pdm location exchange 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location IPPool2 255.255.255.0 outside pdm location 96.11.11.122 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 192.168.10.6 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail-gate1 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail-gate2 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location imgsvr 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 71.11.11.59 255.255.255.255 intf2 pdm logging informational 100 pdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface global (outside) 2 96.11.11.123 global (intf2) 3 interface global (intf2) 4 71.11.11.59 nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 2 mail 255.255.255.255 0 0 nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 smtp mail smtp netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 https mail https netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 www mail www netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.124 ts netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.126 mail-gate2 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.125 mail-gate1 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group inside_access_in in interface inside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 96.11.11.121 1 route intf2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 71.11.11.57 2 timeout xlate 0:05:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 rpc 0:10:00 h225 1:00:00 timeout h323 0:05:00 mgcp 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute floodguard enable ...snip... : end [OK] Thanks!

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  • Reinstall Postfix

    - by Kevin
    I tried to reinstall Postfix, but I get this bunch of errors: root@***:/etc/init.d# sudo apt-get install -f postfix Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: procmail postfix-mysql postfix-pgsql postfix-ldap postfix-pcre resolvconf postfix-cdb mail-reader The following NEW packages will be installed: postfix 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/1,389kB of archives. After this operation, 3,531kB of additional disk space will be used. Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package postfix. (Reading database ... 56122 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking postfix (from .../postfix_2.7.1-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Processing triggers for ufw ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up postfix (2.7.1-1ubuntu0.1) ... Configuration file `/etc/init.d/postfix' ==> File on system created by you or by a script. ==> File also in package provided by package maintainer. What would you like to do about it ? Your options are: Y or I : install the package maintainer's version N or O : keep your currently-installed version D : show the differences between the versions Z : start a shell to examine the situation The default action is to keep your current version. *** postfix (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ? Y Installing new version of config file /etc/init.d/postfix ... Adding group `postfix' (GID 109) ... Done. Adding system user `postfix' (UID 106) ... Adding new user `postfix' (UID 106) with group `postfix' ... Not creating home directory `/var/spool/postfix'. Creating /etc/postfix/dynamicmaps.cf Adding tcp map entry to /etc/postfix/dynamicmaps.cf Adding group `postdrop' (GID 115) ... Done. setting myhostname: ***.net setting alias maps setting alias database setting myorigin setting destinations: ***.net, localhost.***.net, , localhost setting relayhost: setting mynetworks: 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 setting mailbox_size_limit: 0 setting recipient_delimiter: + setting inet_interfaces: all Postfix is now set up with a default configuration. If you need to make changes, edit /etc/postfix/main.cf (and others) as needed. To view Postfix configuration values, see postconf(1). After modifying main.cf, be sure to run '/etc/init.d/postfix reload'. Running newaliases postalias: fatal: /etc/mailname: cannot open file: Permission denied dpkg: error processing postfix (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Errors were encountered while processing: postfix E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) I tried aptitude purge, remove, autoclean and all of dpkg options (configure, remove, purge) but nothing did the trick. /etc/mailname exists (0644 root:root) with as content *.net (fetched from hostname). What am I doing wrong?

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