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• What is the network address (x.x.x.0) used for?

  - by Shtééf

  It appears to be common practice to not use the first address in a subnet, that is the IP 192.168.0.0/24, or a more exotic example would be 172.20.20.64/29. The ipcalc tool I frequently use follows the same practice: $ ipcalc -n -b 172.20.20.64/29 Address: 172.20.20.64 Netmask: 255.255.255.248 = 29 Wildcard: 0.0.0.7 => Network: 172.20.20.64/29 HostMin: 172.20.20.65 HostMax: 172.20.20.70 Broadcast: 172.20.20.71 Hosts/Net: 6 Class B, Private Internet But why is that HostMin is not simply 64 in this case? The 64 address is a valid address, right? And whatever the answer, does the same apply to IPv6? Perhaps slightly related: it also appears possible to use a TCP port 0 and an UDP port 0. Are these valid or used anywhere?

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• Access server by hostname without domain

  - by projectshave

  I want to access services on other machines on my home network with just their hostname. In every browser, "http://machine" fails, but adding a period in "http://machine./" works. Is there a way to avoid adding that extra period? My setup is a router with DD-WRT w/ DNSmasq turned on, Win7 machines and several Ubuntu VMs. nslookup works fine with just hostname. Remote desktop works, but TightVNC needs the extra period. ssh needs the period. As I said, all my browsers need the extra period. I'd prefer a solution that doesn't require manually maintaining the hosts file. Thanks.

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• No internet through a web browser but Skype still works

  - by kim3er

  We get our office broadband through a BT Business Broadband WiFi router. We have a mixture of macs and windows PC/laptops connecting to it at any one time. All devices are able to connect to the wireless signal with pretty much full signal. However, only two computers (one windows, one os x) are able to consistently connect to the internet. The other three (one windows, two os x), while they can always connect to the wifi, exhibit one of three characteristics. No internet at all. Programs like Skype work, but no internet through a browser. Internet works, but with intermittent lag when switching between different sites. I'm assuming while trying to resolve different addresses. Ignoring point 1 for moment, my gut is telling me DNS. It is an up to 20MB line that usually gets to between 13MB and 15MB downstream. The router is capable of dealing with the amount of wireless devices that we're throwing at it. Has anyone got any suggestions for how I might further diagnose this problem (preferably in OS X)? Rich

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• Separate 2 networks with 1 Windows Server

  - by SamuGG

  The situation is: I have 1 router 192.168.1.1, 1 switch, 1 windows server and a basic LAN of devices accessing it. I need to split into 2 separate LANs with full Internet access each, but isolated from each other. Given that, the server is a Windows Server 2008 R2 with 2 NICs: NIC1: 192.168.1.2 NIC2: 192.168.2.2 The router has no dhcp configuration. Please, can anyone explain gracefully, step by step, what do I need to do? What would be the 2 NICs full configuration? What services do I need to install? I don't want devices on either network to see devices on the other network, they must be completely separate. I guess I'm missing the routing procedure step, but I have no idea how is that done. For example: tell the server that devices with gateway 192.168.2.2 must send traffic for internet to 192.168.1.1 router. Thanks in advance.

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• Methods and practices for managing a network that has no internet connection

  - by FaultyJuggler

  Originally asked in Super User but realized this belongs here. Long story short, I am setting up a network with 32 servers of varying specs that will be used for testing and development. We will be using RedHat Linux, we also do not have a router as of yet and were looking into making one of the servers act as our router/DHCP etc. The small cluster will be on an isolated network with no internet. I can use external harddrives and discs to transfer anything from external sources into machines on the network, so this isn't a locked down secure network, it just won't have a direct connection to the outside world. I've worked on such setups before, but always long after they were setup. So I'm reaching out to see what everyone knows as far as how groups have handled initial setup and maintenance of such a situation. What is the best way to get them all configured and up to date? What are the best ways to automate updates, network wide installs, etc. With the only given that I have large multi-terabyte external hard drives that would be used to drop whatever files are needed onto a central server, how do i then distribute those files and install their contents? I've done perl scripting, some teammates have played with puppet, so we aren't completely in the dark, I just wanted to avoid reinventing the wheel since this is a common challenge.

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• Windows 7 File Transfer Speed over Gigabit is slow

  - by Adam Haile

  I've got windows 7 pro running on my file server and my main desktop. Each has a gigabit network connection and I'm connected to a gigabit switch. However, when trying to copy some large files, it's running pretty slow at a measly 12-15 MB/s The data is coming from a 7200RPM SATA drive (which I think should be good for almost 150MB/s) and going to a Drobo on the server connected via FireWire 800, so I can't think of any bottlenecks I might have in the hardware. But TeraCopy still says it's only going at 12-15 MB/s What else could be wrong here?

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• Can you explain how to understand what the 'iwconfig' command displays in Ubuntu-9.04?

  - by Shawn

  I'm having trouble making my wireless connection work, and I realized I don't really know how to use the tools I have, in this case, the iwconfig command in Ubuntu-9.04. Here is what I get: ***iwconfig*** - lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wmaster0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"Network" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=20 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr=2352 B Power Management:off Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0 Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 vboxnet0 no wireless extensions. pan0 no wireless extensions. "Network" is the name of my wireless network, btw. But what does this all mean? How can this information help me aquire a working wireless connection? When I try associating a key using sudo iwconfig wlan0 key s:my_key I get the following error message: Error for wireless request "Set Encode" (8B2A) : SET failed on device wlan0 ; Invalid argument. I do have the right key though, so what's the problem?

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• Cannot Access Server from External IP (Router)

  - by mindoftea

  We have an Ubuntu 10.04 LAMP server running on site (Apache is on port 80). It is running fine through the LAN, but I cannot access it using its external IP address through the Netopia 3000 Series modem by which it is connected to the internet. I have tried using what Netopia calls "Pinholes" (Port Forwarding) to make the server accessible, but a telnet to the external address just gives me "connect to address x.x.x.x: Operation timed out." I have also tried enabling "Services" and "IP Passthrough" on the router, but it gives the same result as above. How can I enable the server to be accessed through its external IP address? Because it connects fine locally, it would seem to be a problem with the Netopia router. Update: Booting the server in GUI mode instead of text mode solved the problem instantly. Any ideas why?

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• Windows 7 can't reconnect network drives on startup

  - by Znarkus

  Hi! I have this annoying problem that Windows 7 won't reconnect to my network drives on startup. The shares are on an Ubuntu machine. I've tried every possible solution I've found: Enable password on logon to give the network interface time to boot up Check Connect using different credentials Tried both options in this screen Sorry for the long post. Can You please help me to solve this?

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• Static route toward a DNS Address, it is possible ?

  - by aleroot

  I need to add a static route on a windows server toward a web server with a service, i need to add a static route with this command on windows command prompt : ROUTE ADD -p IPADREESS GATEWAYIP Is there a way to do a static route toward a DNS address instead of a IP Address ? How ? For example : ROUTE ADD -p DNSServer GATEWAYIP

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• Potential impact of large broadcast domains

  - by john

  I recently switched jobs. By the time I left my last job our network was three years old and had been planned very well (in my opinion). Our address range was split down into a bunch of VLANs with the largest subnet a /22 range. It was textbook. The company I now work for has built up their network over about 20 years. It's quite large, reaches multiple sites, and has an eclectic mix of devices. This organisation only uses VLANs for very specific things. I only know of one usage of VLANs so far and that is the SAN which also crosses a site boundary. I'm not a network engineer, I'm a support technician. But occasionally I have to do some network traces for debugging problems and I'm astounded by the quantity of broadcast traffic I see. The largest network is a straight Class B network, so it uses a /16 mask. Of course if that were filled with devices the network would likely grind to a halt. I think there are probably 2000+ physical and virtual devices currently using that subnet, but it (mostly) seems to work. This practise seems to go against everything I've been taught. My question is: In your opinion and  From my perspective - What measurement of which metric would tell me that there is too much broadcast traffic bouncing about the network? And what are the tell-tale signs that you are perhaps treading on thin ice? The way I see it, there are more and more devices being added and that can only mean more broadcast traffic, so there must be a threshold. Would things just get slower and slower, or would the effects be more subtle than that?

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• Fedora 17 transparent Ethernet Bridge not forwarding IP traffic

  - by mcdoomington

  I am running on Fedora 17 with the latest ebtables and have been trying to setup a transparent bridge - using the following script, I send a ping through the bridged host and only see the requests on the bridge (among other traffic from eth0), BUT, arps and arp replies are making it through. My host is setup - Client 192.168.1.10 <-- eth0 -- eth2 192.168.1.20 Ethernet script: #!/bin/sh brctl addbr br0; brctl stp br0 on; brctl addif br0 eth0; brctl addif br0 eth2; (ifdown eth0 1>/dev/null 2>&1;); (ifdown eth2 1>/dev/null 2>&1;); ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 up; ifconfig eth2 0.0.0.0 up; echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward; ebtables -P INPUT DROP ebtables -P FORWARD DROP ebtables -P OUTPUT DROP ebtables -A FORWARD -p ipv4 -j ACCEPT ebtables -A FORWARD -p arp -j ACCEPT Any assistance would be great!

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• Multiple PCs - Single profile

  - by martixy

  Or how to create an AD(or similar) environment at home? So... I work in this big IT company(they have and AD environment ofc) and I've seen first hand how nice integration and log-in-from-anywhere(roaming?) profiles can be. So I wanna create the same setup at home, where I have 3 machines. Mostly logging in with the same profile and preserving the settings(things like UAC being off, a few group policies I've customized, things like that). How can I achieve something like this?

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• Monitoring/logging a malfunctioning internet connection

  - by Pekka

  I have a mysterious internet connection problem: Every 15-20 minutes, the connection will become very slow, and take 2-3 minutes for anything to load. I've had a technician from the ISP over here to test the hardware, and everything is in pristine condition. They have no other explanation than a configuration error on my machine, a possibility I can exclude 90% because I'm experiencing the same problems with another machine. I will have to monitor the situation now, and I would like to run a program that logs when internet connections become slow. I thought about putting something together using at and wget. Does anybody know of some other tool for this that does this out of the box - maybe something with an adjustable request frequency, logging connection speeds etc.?

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• How do I get a static IP address for my teapot?

  - by Joe

  I maintain this teapot: It returns a 418 error when it is pinged, and it is pinged regularly by people arriving from the relevant Wikipedia page. (For those interested, and there appear to be a few of you, the relevent story is here) It sits on a shelf in my office in the Computer Science department of a university and the support guys were kind enough to give it a dedicated IP address some years ago. My contract is coming to an end in the next few weeks and it's occurred to me that I'm going to have to do something with the teapot. I'd like to take it home but I have no clue how to explain to my home broadband supplier that I want a dedicated IP address coming to my house so that people can ping a teapot. Is there a reasonable way of having a server on a shelf in my house that people can ping via an IP address? What search terms can I use to find a solution to this problem?

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• List all aliases for a given domain

  - by BlueGene

  For example google.com has the following aliases, gooogle.com, gogle.com (I'm sure it has more than that). Is there a way to list all registered domain aliases for a site/domain name?

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• Is this one network or two networks?

  - by colemik

  I have this simple question and really don't know the answer. Does the drawing below show one network or two networks? This is a question about the definition of a network from the OSI / TCP/IP model point of view: From one point of view, those are two L2 networks connected with a bridge. From another point of view, this is one L3 network, that can have a common L3 address space (like 10.1.1.0). PS If this question is too dumb, please move it to Superuser.

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• Combine multiple network interfaces to connect to a dedicated server

  - by Dženis Macanovic

  this is an underpaid employee writing, who's apparently responsible for all the IT stuff in a very small (non-IT) company. Today said company got a bunch of PCs/workstations, a switch, a computer that's supposed to be used as a router, two DSL connections (each 16 MBit/s downstream and 1 MBit/s upstream) and a dedicated server which is hosted and managed professionally by a larger local company with some decent connection speed (1 GBit/s both directions if I'm not mistaken). This is what I've set up (note I'm not making use of the second DSL connection at all)... ETH0 ETH1 [ SWITCH ]---[LINUX DEBIAN ROUTER]---[DSL MODEM 1]---[INTERNET] | | | PC1 | | PC2 | ... ... when my boss asked me, if it was somehow possible to get 32 MBit/s downstream and 2 MBit/s upstream. At that time I replied "no" without thinking too much about it. Now I've just had the following idea... ETH1 ETH0 ETH0 ,---[DSL MODEM 1 (NON-STATIC IP)]---, ,---, ETH0 [ SWITCH ]---[LINUX DEBIAN ROUTER] [INTERNET] [LINUX DEBIAN SERVER]---[INTERNET] | | | '---[ DSL MODEM 2 (STATIC IP) ]---' '---' PC1 | | ETH2 ETH0 PC2 | ... ... but I have absolutely no clue how to implement that. Would that even be possible? What would the masquerading rules look like on the router? What about the server? I didn't find anything on the internet, mainly because I couldn't come up with any good keywords to search for to begin with. English obviously isn't my first language. Thanks in advance for your time!

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• How to maximize parallel download from S3

  - by StCee

  I got a lot of images to load from Amazon S3 on a single page, and sometimes it takes quite some time to load all the images. I heard that splitting the images to load from different sub-domains would help parallel downloads, however what is the actual implementation on that? While it is easy to split for sub-domains like static,image, etc; Should I make like 10 sub-domains (image1, image2...) to load say 100 images? Or is there some clever ways to do? (By the way I am considering using memcache to cache the S3images; I am not sure if it is possible. I would be grateful for any further comments. Thanks a lot!

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• How to retrieve connection details of CheckPoint SSL Network Extender?

  - by amoe

  My workplace uses a Java-based VPN tool named CheckPoint SSL Network Extender. I would like to configure the VPN connection myself using stock OS tools, because I find the applet to be rather unstable. How would I go about getting all of the connection details needed to manually connect to the VPN? My workplace only supports the official client. When I am connected with the Java applet, if I run ipconfig /all I can see that a hidden network connection is created named Check Point Virtual Network Adapter For SSL Network Extender - Packet Scheduler Miniport. I can see the various IP and DNS details there as well. However, because I need to log in to the applet-based tool, I presume I need to export some kind of key in order to use OS tools to configure this. Is this even possible? Answers for any OS are great although I am using Windows XP to test, and also want to use Linux clients.

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• CSMA between APs in same channel & different SSID ?

  - by Ranganathan

  Would be great if someone clarifies this doubt. Lets assume two Wireless Access Points AP1 & AP2 with these conditions 1. both in the same 802.11 standard 2. same channel 3. using different SSIDs (just like in adjacent apartment houses). In this case, do these two Access points (and the clients associated to them) coordinate via CSMA/CA ? ie., if one of the AP's or a client station is about to transmit, does it wait & observe the other AP's & its clients' transmission before sending the frame in air ? Also, do the clients associated with these different APs coordinate via CSMA/CA ?

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• Regarding the functioning of the HTTP server

  - by Luv

  As all of us uses the HTTP protocol for accessing the web, and request at the port number 80 of the server, now suppose i want to browse or download a file then i will request to the HTTP server by specifying the complete URL. If the server is having file, it would return it if it is not having the file then what will it do? I think it will make the request to the appropriate server which would be having this file and get the file and return to us. In this way does the HTTP server acts as an intermediate between the client and the server? Please correct me if i am wrong here. Many many thanx in advance

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• How can I force certain applications to use specific network connections?

  - by snicker

  Let's say I have two active network connections that let me out to the internet. I want certain applications to only use Network Connection 1, while some others should use Network Connection 2. Is this possible in Windows XP? If so, how can it be done?

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• DHCP server can't see other machines

  - by William

  Hi, I setup a private network from virtual machines and one of the machines is the DHCP server for the group. I want to specify a next-server for the DHCP server but I'm having trouble connecting to any of the machines that I lease IPs to. I'm just trying to do a simple ping/ssh to 10.0.0.252 (a machine with a lease) but it doesn't seem to respond. Any advice? I'm assuming I need to be able to connect to my next-server but maybe I'm wrong. Thanks.

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• How to share internet over network

  - by abc

  i have a machine connected to internet, i want to set up proxy server or any other configuration that can help me to share internet over other machines in the same network machine may be of diff. platform (linux,mac, , windows), and server can be (either linux or windows) so how to configure now.. all machine are in network. Thanks

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