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• Good practices in screen states management?

  - by DevilWithin

  I wonder what are the best ways to organize different screens in a game? I am thinking of it like this: Inheriting a base State class, and overriding update and render methods, to handle the current screen. Then, under certain events a StateManager is able to activate another Screen State, and the game screen changes as only the current State is rendered. On the activation of a new screen, effects like fading could be added, and also the same goes for its deactivation. This way a flow of screen could be made. By saying when A ends, B starts, allowing for complex animations etc. Toughts?

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• How can I make a 32 bit render target with a 16 bit alpha channel in DirectX?

  - by J Junker

  I want to create a render target that is 32-bit, with 16 bits each for alpha and luminance. The closest surface formats I can find in the DirectX SDK are: D3DFMT_A8L8 // 16-bit using 8 bits each for alpha and luminance. D3DFMT_G16R16F // 32-bit float format using 16 bits for the red channel and 16 bits for the green channel. But I don't think either of these will work, since D3DFMT_A8L8 doesn't have the precision and D3DFMT_G16R16F doesn't have an alpha channel (I need a separate blend state for alpha). How can I create a render target that allows a separate blend state for luminance and alpha, with 16 bit precision on each channel, that doesn't exceed 32 bits per pixel?

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• How to acheive a smooth 2D lighting effect?

  - by Cyral

  I'm making a tile based game in XNA So currently my lightning looks like this: How can I get it to look like this? Instead of each block having its own tint, it has a smooth overlay. I'm assuming some sort of shader, and to tell it the lighting and blur it some how. But im not an expert with shaders. My current lighting calculates the light, and then passes it to a spritebatch and draws with a color parameter EDIT: No longer uses spritebatch tint, I was testing and now pass parameters to set the light values. But still looking for a way to smooth it

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• How do I render terrain in a 2.5D perspective, like in the game Don't Starve?

  - by Hamdan

  I have experience in making 2D side scroller games such as Terraria, but now I want to challenge myself and make a game that has a 2.5D perspective. The game I am trying to mimic is Don't Starve. Right now my focus is on figuring out how to render the ground. I am having a hard time figuring out how they generated the ground, and then rendered it. The way I think they rendered the ground is by first painting the ground in some paint program, and then somehow manipulating that flat image so that it appears to have depth. I am completely confused by how you would actually render that type of terrain. I want the terrain to have the following features: Look like the terrain in Don't Starve, here is a video showing the terrain in Don't Starve The terrain will be flat, and the camera's angle and perspective will be fixed Any tips and hints will be appreciated, Thank you in advance. (I am working in Java, using the Light Weight Java Game Library (LWJGL).)

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• Which isometric angles can be mirrored (and otherwise transformed) for optimization?

  - by Tom

  I am working on a basic isometric game, and am struggling to find the correct mirrors. Mirror can be any form of transform. I have managed to get SE out of SW, by scaling the sprite on X axis by -1. Same applies for NE angle. Something is bugging me, that I should be able to also mirror N to S, but I cannot manage to pull this one off. Am I just too sleepy and trying to do the impossible, or a basic -1 scale on Y axis is not enough? What are the common used mirror table for optimizing 8 angle (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) isometric sprites?

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• View space lighting in deferred shading

  - by kochol

  I implemented a simple deferred shading renderer. I use 3 G-Buffer for storing position (R32F), normal (G16R16F) and albedo (ARGB8). I use sphere map algorithm to store normals in world space. Currently I use inverse of view * projection matrix to calculate the position of each pixel from stored depth value. First I want to avoid per pixel matrix multiplication for calculating the position. Is there another way to store and calculate position in G-Buffer without the need of matrix multiplication Store the normal in view space Every lighting in my engine is in world space and I want do the lighting in view space to speed up my lighting pass. I want an optimized lighting pass for my deferred engine.

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• OpenGL ES multiple objects not being rendered

  - by ladiesMan217

  I am doing the following to render multiple balls move around the screen but only 1 ball is seen to appear and function. I don't know why the rest (count-1) balls are not being drawn public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); gl.glClientActiveTexture(DRAWING_CACHE_QUALITY_HIGH); gl.glLoadIdentity(); for(int i=0;i<mParticleSystem.getParticleCount();i++){ gl.glPushMatrix(); gl.glTranslatef(mParticleSystem.getPosX(i), mParticleSystem.getPosY(i), -3.0f); gl.glScalef(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f); gl.glColor4f(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); mParticleSystem.getBall(i).draw(gl); gl.glPopMatrix(); } } Here is my void draw(GL10 gl) method public void draw(GL10 gl){ gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // gl.glTranslatef(0.2f, 0.2f, -3.0f); // gl.glScalef(size, size, 1.0f); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertBuff); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, points/2); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); }

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• Failing Screen Resize Method

  - by StrongJoshua

  So I want my game to draw to a specific "optimal" size and then be stretched to fit screens that are a different size. I'm using LibGDX and figured that I could just draw everything to a FrameBuffer and then resize that buffer to the appropriate size when drawing it to the actual display. However, my method does not work, it just results in a black screen with the top right quarter of the screen white.Intermediary is the FBO, interMatrix is a Matrix4 object, and camera is an OrthographicCamera. @Override public void render() { // update actors currentStage.act(); //render to intermediary buffer batch.setProjectionMatrix(interMatrix); intermediary.begin(); batch.begin(); currentStage.draw(); batch.flush(); intermediary.end(); //resize to actual width and height Sprite s = new Sprite(intermediary.getColorBufferTexture()); s.flip(true, false); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.draw(s.getTexture(), 0, 0, width, height); batch.end(); } These are the constructors for the above mentioned objects (GAME_WIDTH and HEIGHT are the "optimal" settings, width and height are the actual sizes, which are the same when running on desktop). intermediary = new FrameBuffer(Format.RGBA8888, GAME_WIDTH, GAME_HEIGHT, false); interMatrix = new Matrix4(); camera = new OrthographicCamera(width, height); interMatrix.setToOrtho2D(0, 0, GAME_WIDTH, GAME_HEIGHT); Is there a better way of doing this or can is this a viable option and how do I fix what I have?

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• How to report abuse to website hosting company (GoDaddy)

  - by lgratian

  I'm not sure if this is the right place to ask such a question... Let's say that a website posted a picture of me, without my consent, and I want to be removed (it's something private, could compromise my career if it's seen by someone that shouldn't). I sent them an email asking nicely that they should remove it, but they didn't respond and the picture is still there. Using 'Whois' I found that the website is hosted by GoDaddy. Is there a way (an email address, for ex.) to report to GoDaddy that one of the sites they're hosting does something illegal and to force them to remove the photo? I searched the site and found nothing about such a thing. Thnaks in advance!

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• PC shuts down when installing ubuntu?

  - by Robin002

  I'm now using ubuntu from USB, and I'd like to install ubuntu on my hard disk. I tried the option of removing Vista while installing ubuntu. However, near the end of the installation process (presumably the end because I can see some slideshows on how to start using ubuntu), the screen suddenly goes to black with white words running around on it. Soon the computer shuts down. After that, restarting leads to a black screen with only a small white cursor on the top left corner. The cursor keeps blinking and nothing happens. I found that I can alternatively choose to boot with USB by hitting F12 just when the computer starts. So I tried to reinstall ubuntu by running ubuntu on USB. One of the options of installation is to update ubuntu 11.04 to ubuntu 11.04, so it seems the ubuntu is already installed somehow. Anyways, I tried both update and delete and install option but the same thing happens as the 1st time (sometimes before reaching the end), while I still cannot start my PC as ubuntu (without USB). How may I install ubuntu properly?

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• Drawing "Stenciled" Sprites and making them glow

  - by Code Assassin

  Currently, in my game - I'm not using XNA's SpriteBatch to render anything(I am using Farseer Physic's Debug View), and I was wondering how I would render something like this: only using XNA. My second question is once I have drawn these stenciled sprites , how would I give the "stenciled" lines a glow effect like so: I haven't done anything like this before so It is a very confusing experience for me. Any pointers?

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• Write depth buffer to texture

  - by innochenti

  I need to read depth buffer from GPU and write it to texture. How this can be done? Here is how texture for depth buffer is created: depthBufferDesc.Width = screenWidth; depthBufferDesc.Height = screenHeight; depthBufferDesc.MipLevels = 1; depthBufferDesc.ArraySize = 1; depthBufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT; depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; depthBufferDesc.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_DEFAULT; depthBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL; depthBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; depthBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; m_device->CreateTexture2D(&depthBufferDesc, NULL, m_depthStencilBuffer); Also, I've got another question: is it possible to bind depth buffer texture as sampler to the pixel shader?

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• How much isometric sprites can one optimize by mirroring and alike?

  - by Tom

  I am working on a basic isometric game, and am struggling to find the correct mirrors. I have managed to get SE out of SW, by scaling the sprite on X axis by -1. Same applies for NE angle. Something is bugging me, that I should be able to also mirror N to S, but I cannot manage to pull this one off. Am I just too sleepy and trying to do the impossible, or a basic -1 scale on Y axis is not enough? What are the common used mirror table for optimizing 8 angle (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) isometric sprites?

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• Pixel Shader Issues :

  - by Morphex

  I have issues with a pixel shader, my issue is mostly that I get nothing draw on the screen. float4x4 MVP; // TODO: add effect parameters here. struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 normal : NORMAL; float2 TEXCOORD : TEXCOORD; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { input.Position.w = 0; VertexShaderOutput output; output.Position = mul(input.Position, MVP); // TODO: add your vertex shader code here. return output; } float4 PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) : SV_TARGET { return float4(1, 0, 0, 1); } technique { pass { Profile = 11.0; VertexShader = VertexShaderFunction; PixelShader = PixelShaderFunction; } } My matrix is calculated like this : Matrix MVP = Matrix.Multiply(Matrix.Multiply(Matrix.Identity, Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(-10, 10, -10), new Vector3(0), new Vector3(0, 1, -0))), Camera.Projection); VoxelEffect.Parameters["MVP"].SetValue(MVP); Visual Studio Graphics Debug shows me that my vertex shader is actually working, but not the PixelShader. I striped the Shader to the bare minimums so that I was sure the shader was correct. But why is my screen still black?

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• How can I acheive a smooth 2D lighting effect?

  - by Cyral

  I'm making a tile based game in XNA. So currently my lightning looks like this: How can I get it to look like this? Instead of each block having its own tint, it has a smooth overlay. I'm assuming some sort of shader, and to tell it the lighting and blur it some how. But im not an expert with shaders. My current lighting calculates the light, and then passes it to a spritebatch and draws with a color parameter. EDIT: No longer uses spritebatch tint, I was testing and now pass parameters to set the light values. But still looking for a way to smooth it.

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• What is an achievable way of setting content budgets (e.g. polygon count) for level content in a 3D title?

  - by MrCranky

  In answering this question for swquinn, the answer raised a more pertinent question that I'd like to hear answers to. I'll post our own strategy (promise I won't accept it as the answer), but I'd like to hear others. Specifically: how do you go about setting a sensible budget for your content team. Usually one of the very first questions asked in a development is: what's our polygon budget? Of course, these days it's rare that vertex/poly count alone is the limiting factor, instead shader complexity, fill-rate, lighting complexity, all come into play. What the content team want are some hard numbers / limits to work to such that they have a reasonable expectation that their content, once it actually gets into the engine, will not be too heavy. Given that 'it depends' isn't a particularly useful answer, I'd like to hear a strategy that allows me to give them workable limits without being a) misleading, or b) wrong.

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• How can one find software development work that involves directly the final end user?

  - by RJa

  I've worked in software development for 15 years and, while there have been signficant personal achievements and a lot of experience, I've always felt detached from the man/woman-on-the-street, the every day person, how it affects their lives, in a number of ways: the technologies: embedded software, hidden away, stuff not seen by the everyday person. Or process technology supporting manufactured products the size of the systems, meaning many jobs, divided up, work is abstract, not one person can see the whole picture the organisations: large, with departments dealing with different areas, the software, the hardware, the marketing, the sales, the customer support the locations and hours: out-of-town business parks away from the rest of society, fixed locations, inflexible: 9-5 everyday This to me seems typical of the companies I worked for and see elsewhere. Granted, there are positives such as the technology itself and usually being among high calibre co-workers, but the above points frustrate me about the industry because they detach the work from its meaning. How can one: change these things in an existing job, or compensate for them? find other work that avoids these and connects with the final end user? Job designs tend to focus on the job content and technical requirements rather than how the job aims to fulfil end user needs, is meaningful.

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• OpenGL: Drawing to a texture

  - by Danran

  Well im just a bit stuck wondering how to draw an item to a texture. Specifically, i'm using; glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, indices[0], indices.size()); Because what i'm drawing via the above function updates every-frame, i'm just totally not sure how to go about drawing what i have to a texture. Any help is greatly appreciated! Edit: Well unfortunately my graphics card doesn't support FrameBuffer Objects :/. So i've been trying to get the copy contents from backbuffer method working. Here's what i currently have; http://pastebin.com/dJpPt6Pd And sadly all i get is a white square. Its probably something stupid that i'm doing wrong. Just unsure what it could be?

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• Basic Android game loop having issues

  - by WillDaBeast509

  I've set up a very basic game loop that should draw a circle, run 100 times, then draw another. I also have a text field that should display how many times the loop has ran. However, the screen seems to not update. It displays a different value for the tick count (different each time the app is ran) and simply stays there. After exiting the app, I get an error saying "Unfortunately, MyApp has stopped." Here is the relevant code: DrawView public class DrawView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback { Paint p = new Paint(); MainThread thread; private int y=0; public DrawView(Context c) { super(c); thread = new MainThread(this, getHolder()); thread.running = true; getHolder().addCallback(this); setFocusable(true); } public void draw(Canvas c) { if(c==null) return; //super.onDraw(c); c.drawColor(Color.WHITE); p.setColor(Color.RED); p.setTextSize(32); p.setTypeface(Typeface.SANS_SERIF); c.drawCircle(getWidth()/2-100,getHeight()/2, 50, p); c.drawText("y = " + y, 50, 50, p); if(y>=100) { Log.i("DRAW", "drawing circle"); c.drawCircle(getWidth()/2+100,getHeight()/2, 50, p); } else y++; Log.i("INFO", "y = " + y); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return true; } public void onDraw(Canvas c){} public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder p1) { thread.start(); } public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder p1, int p2, int p3, int p4) { // TODO: Implement this method } public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder p1) { thread.running = false; boolean retry = true; while (retry) { try { thread.join(); retry = false; } catch (InterruptedException e) { Log.i("EX", "cathing exception"); } } } } MainThread public class MainThread extends Thread { private DrawView page; private SurfaceHolder holder; public boolean running; public MainThread(DrawView p, SurfaceHolder h) { super(); page = p; holder = h; } @Override public void run() { while(running) { Canvas c = holder.lockCanvas(); page.draw(c); holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(c); } } } Here is an example log outupt: http://pastebin.com/tM9dUPuk It counts the number of ticks correctly and should draw the second circle, but the screen looks like its not updating. After closing the app, the log continues to run and keep outputting "y = 100 drawing circle" until it crashes and shows the error report. What is going on and how can I fix these two problems?

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• Multiple passes in direct3d10

  - by innochenti

  I begin to learning direct3d10 and stuck with multiple passes. As input I have a triangle(that stored in vb/ib) and effect file: //some vertex shader and globals goes there. skip them to preserve simplicity float4 ColorPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_Target { return float4(1,0,0,0); } float4 ColorPixelShader1(PixelInputType input) : SV_Target { return float4(0,1,0,0); } technique10 ColorTechnique { pass pass0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_4_0, ColorVertexShader())); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_4_0, ColorPixelShader())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); } pass pass1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_4_0, ColorVertexShader())); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_4_0, ColorPixelShader1())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); } } And some render code: pass1->Apply(0); device->DrawIndexed(indexCount, 0, 0); pass2->Apply(0); device->DrawIndexed(indexCount, 0, 0); What I'd expect to see is the green triangle, but it always shows me red triangle. What am I doing wrong? Also, I've got another question - should I set vertex shader in every pass? I've added ColorVertexShader1 that translates vertex position by some delta, and 've got following picture: http://imgur.com/Oe7Qj

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• Java single Array best choice for accessing pixels for manipulation?

  - by Petrol

  I am just watching this tutorial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwUnMy_pR6A and the guy (who seems to be pretty competent) is using a single array to store and access the pixels of his to-be-rendered image. I was wondering if this really is the best way to do this. The alternative of Multi-Array does have one pointer more, but Arrays do have an O(1) for accessing each index and calculating the index in a single array seems to take one addition and one multiplication operation per pixel. And if Multi-Arrays really are bad, can't you use something with Hashing to avoid those addition and multiplication operations? EDIT: here is his code... public class Screen { private int width, height; public int[] pixels; public Screen(int width, int height) { this.width = width; this.height = height; // creating array the size of one index/int for every pixel // single array has better performance than multi-array pixels = new int[width * height]; } public void render() { for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { pixels[x + y * width] = 0xff00ff; } } } }

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• Add Embebded HTML Code withut rendering on HTML Email

  - by Suneth Kalhara

  I creating HTML email but i need to send some html code without rendering (because this code for user he can copy and paste the code on there website) i need to send this code without rendering on html email, i tried code and pre tags but no luck <a href="###"><img src="####" width="300" height="250" border="0" alt="####/><br />Watch Local Cam</a> is there any way to do this

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• Continuously 'Rendering template' on freemarker+struts2

  - by Foucrazy

  I'm using struts2 with freemarker (included in struts2 lib) and i'm trying to speed up my web-app. In the logs continuously appear: UIBean.debug(57) | Rendering template /template/xhtml/a FreemarkerTemplateEngine.debug(57) | Rendering template /template/simple/a.ftl and this for each tag. The problem is that i don't know if it's normal, i just set properties for caching templates: struts.properties: struts.freemarker.templatesCache=true and freemarker.properties: template_update_delay=60000

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• Unable to create context rendering error when run OpenGL application

  - by Rodnower

  Hello, I try to run Mesa gears example and I get following error: freeglut (./gears): Unable to create direct context rendering for window 'Gears' This may hurt performance. though the application runs successfully, but I guess that in future I will have much problems with productivity. I run Linux CentOS 5 on WMvare 7. Mesa's version is 6.5 Relevant output of lspci -v gives: 00:0f.0 VGA compatible controller: VMware SVGA II Adapter (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: VMware SVGA II Adapter Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 9 I/O ports at 10d0 [size=16] Memory at d0000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128M] Memory at d8000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8M] [virtual] Expansion ROM at 30000000 [disabled] [size=32K] Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information Any one have idea? There is driver of vmvare for CentOS? Thank you for ahead.

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• Unable to create context rendering error whet run OpenGL application

  - by Rodnower

  Hello, I try to run Mesa gears example and I get following error: freeglut (./gears): Unable to create direct context rendering for window 'Gears' This may hurt performance. though the application runs successfully, but I guess that in future I will have much problems with productivity. I run Linux CentOS 5 on WMvare 7. Mesa's version is 6.5 Relevant output of lspci -v gives: 00:0f.0 VGA compatible controller: VMware SVGA II Adapter (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: VMware SVGA II Adapter Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 9 I/O ports at 10d0 [size=16] Memory at d0000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128M] Memory at d8000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8M] [virtual] Expansion ROM at 30000000 [disabled] [size=32K] Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information Any one have idea? There is driver of vmvare for CentOS? Thank you for ahead.

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