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  • C++: calling non-member functions with the same syntax of member ones

    - by peoro
    One thing I'd like to do in C++ is to call non-member functions with the same syntax you call member functions: class A { }; void f( A & this ) { /* ... */ } // ... A a; a.f(); // this is the same as f(a); Of course this could only work as long as f is not virtual (since it cannot appear in A's virtual table. f doesn't need to access A's non-public members. f doesn't conflict with a function declared in A (A::f). I'd like such a syntax because in my opinion it would be quite comfortable and would push good habits: calling str.strip() on a std::string (where strip is a function defined by the user) would sound a lot better than calling strip( str );. most of the times (always?) classes provide some member functions which don't require to be member (ie: are not virtual and don't use non-public members). This breaks encapsulation, but is the most practical thing to do (due to point 1). My question here is: what do you think of such feature? Do you think it would be something nice, or something that would introduce more issues than the ones it aims to solve? Could it make sense to propose such a feature to the next standard (the one after C++0x)? Of course this is just a brief description of this idea; it is not complete; we'd probably need to explicitly mark a function with a special keyword to let it work like this and many other stuff.

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  • What database systems should an startup company consider?

    - by Am
    Right now I'm developing the prototype of a web application that aggregates large number of text entries from a large number of users. This data must be frequently displayed back and often updated. At the moment I store the content inside a MySQL database and use NHibernate ORM layer to interact with the DB. I've got a table defined for users, roles, submissions, tags, notifications and etc. I like this solution because it works well and my code looks nice and sane, but I'm also worried about how MySQL will perform once the size of our database reaches a significant number. I feel that it may struggle performing join operations fast enough. This has made me think about non-relational database system such as MongoDB, CouchDB, Cassandra or Hadoop. Unfortunately I have no experience with either. I've read some good reviews on MongoDB and it looks interesting. I'm happy to spend the time and learn if one turns out to be the way to go. I'd much appreciate any one offering points or issues to consider when going with none relational dbms?

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  • deleting object with template for int and object

    - by Yokhen
    Alright so Say I have a class with all its definition, bla bla bla... template <class DT> class Foo{ private: DT* _data; //other stuff; public: Foo(DT* data){ _data = data } virtual ~Foo(){ delete _data } //other methods }; And then I have in the main method: int main(){ int number = 12; Foo<anyRandomClass>* noPrimitiveDataObject = new Foo<anyRandomClass>(new anyRandomClass()); Foo<int>* intObject = new Foo<int>(number); delete noPrimitiveDataObject; //Everything goes just fine. delete intObject; //It messes up here, I think because primitive data types such as int are allocated in a different way. return 0; } My question is: What could I do to have both delete statements in the main method work just fine? P.S.: Although I have not actually compiled/tested this specific code, I have reviewed it extensively (as well as indented. You're welcome.), so if you find a mistake, please be nice. Thank you.

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  • Getting basepath from view in zend framework

    - by mobmad
    Case: you're developing a site with Zend Framework and need relative links to the folder the webapp is deployed in. I.e. mysite.com/folder online and localhost:8080 under development. The following works nice in controllers regardless of deployed location: $this->_helper->redirector->gotoSimple($action, $controller, $module, $params); And the following inside a viewscript, ie. index.phtml: <a href="<?php echo $this->url(array('controller'=>'index', 'action' => 'index'), null, true); ?>"> But how do I get the correct basepath when linking to images or stylesheets? (in a layout.phtml file, for example): <img src='<?php echo WHAT_TO_TYPE_HERE; ?>images/logo.png' /> and $this->headLink()->appendStylesheet( WHAT_TO_TYPE_HERE . 'css/default.css'); WHAT_TO_TYPE_HERE should be replaced with something that gives <img src="/folder/images/logo.png />` on mysite.com and `<img src="/images/logo.png /> on localhost

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  • How do I implement aasm in Rails 3 for what I want it to do?

    - by marcamillion
    I am a Rails n00b and have been advised that in order for me to keep track of the status of my user's accounts (i.e. paid, unpaid (and therefore disabled), free trial, etc.) I should use an 'AASM' gem. So I found one that seems to be the most popular: https://github.com/rubyist/aasm But the instructions are pretty vague. I have a Users model and a Plan model. User's model manages everything you might expect (username, password, first name, etc.). Plan model manages the subscription plan that users should be assigned to (with the restrictions). So I am trying to figure out how to use the AASM gem to do what I want to do, but no clue where to start. Do I create a new model ? Then do I setup a relationship between my User model and the model for AASM ? How do I setup a relationship? As in, a user 'has_many' states ? That doesn't seem to make much sense to me. Any guidance would be really appreciated. Thanks. Edit: If anyone else is confused by AASMs like myself, here is a nice explanation of their function in Rails by the fine folks at Envy Labs: http://blog.envylabs.com/2009/08/the-rails-state-machine/ Edit2: How does this look: include AASM aasm_column :current_state aasm_state :paid aasm_state :free_trial aasm_state :disabled #this is for accounts that have exceed free trial and have not paid #aasm_state :free_acct aasm_event :pay do transitions :to => :paid, :from => [:free_trial, :disabled] transitions :to => :disabled, :from => [:free_trial, :paid] end

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  • Skip HTML escape in custom label_tag helper in Rail 3

    - by tricote
    Hi, I have this nice class ErrorFormBuilder that allows me to add the error description near the corresponding field in the form view : class ErrorFormBuilder < ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder #Adds error message directly inline to a form label #Accepts all the options normall passed to form.label as well as: # :hide_errors - true if you don't want errors displayed on this label # :additional_text - Will add additional text after the error message or after the label if no errors def label(method, text = nil, options = {}) #Check to see if text for this label has been supplied and humanize the field name if not. text = text || method.to_s.humanize #Get a reference to the model object object = @template.instance_variable_get("@#{@object_name}") #Make sure we have an object and we're not told to hide errors for this label unless object.nil? || options[:hide_errors] #Check if there are any errors for this field in the model errors = object.errors.on(method.to_sym) if errors #Generate the label using the text as well as the error message wrapped in a span with error class text += " <br/><span class=\"error\">#{errors.is_a?(Array) ? errors.first : errors}</span>" end end #Add any additional text that might be needed on the label text += " #{options[:additional_text]}" if options[:additional_text] #Finally hand off to super to deal with the display of the label super(method, text, options) end end But the HTML : text += " <br/><span class=\"error\">#{errors.is_a?(Array) ? errors.first : errors}</span>" is escaped by default in the view... I tried to add the {:escape = false} option : super(method, text, options.merge({:escape => false})) without success Is there any way to bypass this behavior ? Thanks

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  • Approaches to replace cursor in pure AS3 / Flare project?

    - by peteorpeter
    Hi there good lookin, I've got a pure AS3 (no Flex) project that uses Flare to display and interact with a data visualization. I just implemented some panning behavior, so you can click and drag the visualization around, and now I'd like to give the user a visual indicator that this is possible, by switching the arrow cursor with a nice grabby-looking hand icon. The user can click and drag at any time except when the mouse is over a clickable node (at which time the cursor swaps to a pointer - this behavior is already in place). So... 1) Do I need to create my own custom bitmap/sprite or is there a palette of built-in cursors I can use? (I'm not using Flex.) 2) Is there a way to simply replace the default arrow with the pan cursor project-wide, or do I need to attach the swapping to mouse events on display objects? Can I use the stage object to make this behavior apply everywhere? 3) How do I perform the swap? Do I use the Cursor object directly or do I need to get involved with the CursorManager? Any guidance, pseudo-code, or words of wisdom is greatly appreciated!

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  • Submit form with POST data in Android app

    - by datguywhowanders
    I've been searching the web for a way to do this for about a week now, and I just can't seem to figure it out. I'm trying to implement an app that my college can use to allow users to log in to various services on the campus with ease. The way it works currently is they go to an online portal, select which service they want, fill in their user name and pwd, and click login. The form data is sent via post (it includes several hidden values as well as just the user name and pwd) to the corresponding login script which then signs them in and loads the service. I've been trying to come at the problem in two ways. I first tried a WebView, but it doesn't seem to want to support all of the html that normally makes this form work. I get all of the elements I need, fields for user and pwd as well as a login button, but clicking the button doesn't do anything. I wondered if I needed to add an onclick handler for it, but I can't see how as the button is implemented in the html of the webview not using a separate android element. The other possibility was using the xml widgets to create the form in a nice relative layout, which seems to load faster and looks better on the android screen. I used EditText fields for the input, a spinner widget for the service select, and the button widget for the login. I know how to make the onclick and item select handlers for the button and spinner, respectively, but I can't figure out how to send that data via POST in an intent that would then launch a browser. I can do an intent with the action url, but can't get the POST data to feed into it. Anyone have any suggestions?

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  • How to install Zend Framework on Windows

    - by sombe
    "installing Zend Framework is so easy!!!!" yeah right... Ok I'm working with a beginner's book and the ONE thing that is not excessively detailed is the most important part: Installing the darn thing. After browsing the quickstart guide for hours, all it said was: "download Zend [...] add the include directory (bla bla) and YOU'RE DONE!" right, i'm done using Zend. Ok, not really, not yet anyway. I beg of you people, I wanna go to bed, please tell me how (in simple 6th grade detail) to install the framework. I've got the unzipped folder in my htdocs directory, and I placed zf.bat+zf.php in the htdocs root. What's next? thank you so much. EDIT: Thanks guys for all the answers. Unfortunately I haven't been able to work with this or find a good enough resource to explain it to me in plain english. It seems that this framework adheres more so to programmers than to beginners. I've since yesterday read a little on CakePHP and found that it was incredibly easy to install and tune. As oppose to Zend Framework, where I had to dig in my "environment variables", configure "httpd.conf" and almost tie the knot between my computer driver cables to just get it running, CakePHP has already allowed me to put together a nice newbie application. In conclusion, I very much appreciate all of your help. I hope someone else venturing on ZF will be more successful with it. Thanks!

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  • How to syntax-highlight XML in CDATA elements in Vim?

    - by Jim Hurne
    Vim's syntax highlighting for XML/XSL is great, except it turns off all syntax highlighting in CDATA regions. Is there a way to turn on syntax highlighting on in CDATA regions? At work, we have a lot of XSL code embedded within other XML documents. It would be great if I could get all of the goodness of XML editing for the embedded XSL code as well without having to temporarily remove the CDATA tags, or copy the CDATA content into a temporary file. Example: <root> <someTag><![CDATA[ <xsl:template match="/"> <!-- XSL content here --> </xsl:template> ]]> </someTag> </root> Note that the name of the tag (in the example, someTag) containing the content could be anything. We also sometimes embed Javascript inside CDATA regions as well, and again, it would be nice to turn on Javascript syntax highlighting for those regions. Again, the tag the data is embedded in is usually arbitrary and can be anything.

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  • confluence experiences?

    - by Nickolay
    We're considering moving from trac to Atlassian Confluence as our knowledge base solution. ("We" are a growing IT consulting company, so most users are somewhat technical.) There are many reasons we're looking for an alternative to trac: ACL, better wiki refactoring tools (Move/rename, Delete (retaining history), What links here, Attachments [change tracking], easier way to track changes (i.e. better "timeline" interface), etc.), "templates"/"macros", WYSIWYG/Word integration. Confluence looks to be very nice from the feature list POV. But toying with it for a little I had the impression that its interface may seem somewhat confusing to the new users (and I recently saw a comment to that effect on SO). I hope that can be fixed by installing/creating a simpler skin, though. If you've used Confluence, what are your thoughts on it? Do you agree it's not as easy to use as other software, can anything be done about it? What are its other shortcomings? Would you choose a different wiki if you had another chance? [edit] my own experiences

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  • When are predicates appropriate and what is the best pattern for usage

    - by Maxim Gershkovich
    When are predicates appropriate and what is the best pattern for usage? What are the advantages of predicates? It seems to me like most cases where a predicate can be employed a tight loop would accomplish the same functionality? I don’t see a reusability argument given you will probably only implement a predicate in one method right? They look and feel nice but besides that they seem like you would only employ them when you need a quick hack on the collection classes? UPDATE But why would you be rewriting the tight loop again and again? In my mind/code when it comes to collections I always end up with something like Class Person End Class Class PersonList Inherits List(Of Person) Function FindByName(Name) as Person tight loop.... End Function End Class @Ani By that same logic I could implement the method as such Class PersonList Inherits List(Of Person) Function FindByName(Name) as PersonList End Function Function FindByAge(Age) as PersonList End Function Function FindBySocialSecurityNumber(SocialSecurityNumber) as PersonList End Function End Class And call it as such Dim res as PersonList = MyList.FindByName("Max").FindByAge(25).FindBySocialSecurityNumber(1234) and the result along with the amount of code and its reusability is largely the same, no? I am not arguing just trying to understand.

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  • How can I get vim to draw lines correctly for remote editing?

    - by Rick Reynolds
    I'm attempting to edit files on a remote system. I've ssh'd to the system and I start editing with vim. However, I notice that all the lines are drawing 2 lines above where they really exist in the file. I assumed this was a problem I could fix by dropping my terminal settings to something simpler, but that didn't help. My TERM variable was set to xterm-color. I set it to vt100, but that didn't fix the line drawing issue. I also noticed that this seems to be specific to vim. emacs doesn't show the problem, and I haven't noticed any odd drawing artifacts in less, more or other paging tools. Other specifics: I'm ssh-ing into the remote system from a Mac, using the Terminal.app. The remote system is running Ubuntu 9.04. I'm hoping there is something I just need to set in vim to get it to play nice. If it allows me to keep syntax color highlighting, so much the better.

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  • Is this a bug in plist or Xcode?

    - by Pedro
    G'day All If you create a date item in the plist editor of Xcode or Apple's standalone plist editor you get something of the form <date>2010-05-29T10:30:00Z</date> which is a nice well formed ISO date at UTC (indicated by the "Z"). Because I'm in timezone UTC +10 when that's read into my app & then displayed I get 8:30 PM out, still good. However if that is a time in my timezone it should be <date>2010-05-29T10:30:00+10</date> (replacing "Z" with my timezone offset). All of my attempts at reading such dates into my iPhone app have had the plist rejected as if it is malformed & editing a plist with such a date in Apple's editors changed the "+10" to "Z" without adjusting the time. Do others think I'm correct in thinking this is a bug in either plist or Xcode? My feeling is that the implementation of ISO date & time in plist is incomplete. Cheers, Pedro :)

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  • How to change the date/time in Python for all modules?

    - by Felix Schwarz
    When I write with business logic, my code often depends on the current time. For example the algorithm which looks at each unfinished order and checks if an invoice should be sent (which depends on the no of days since the job was ended). In these cases creating an invoice is not triggered by an explicit user action but by a background job. Now this creates a problem for me when it comes to testing: I can test invoice creation itself easily However it is hard to create an order in a test and check that the background job identifies the correct orders at the correct time. So far I found two solutions: In the test setup, calculate the job dates relative to the current date. Downside: The code becomes quite complicated as there are no explicit dates written anymore. Sometimes the business logic is pretty complex for edge cases so it becomes hard to debug due to all these relative dates. I have my own date/time accessor functions which I use throughout my code. In the test I just set a current date and all modules get this date. So I can simulate an order creation in February and check that the invoice is created in April easily. Downside: 3rd party modules do not use this mechanism so it's really hard to integrate+test these. The second approach was way more successful to me after all. Therefore I'm looking for a way to set the time Python's datetime+time modules return. Setting the date is usually enough, I don't need to set the current hour or second (even though this would be nice). Is there such a utility? Is there an (internal) Python API that I can use?

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  • PHP: SimpleXML and Arrays

    - by acemasta
    When I run this code: foreach($xml->movie as $movie) { if(isset($movie->photos)) { foreach ($movie->photos as $photo) { echo $photo."&nbsp;"; } echo "<hr/>"; } } I get nice output of the actual data, e.g. a row looks like 06397001.jpg 06397002.jpg 06397003.jpg 06397004.jpg 06397005.jpg But when I throw it in an array, it includes all the SimpleXML wrapper tags and the jpgs are not at the root of the array. code: foreach($xml->movie as $movie) { if(isset($movie->photos)) { $photos = array(); foreach ($movie->photos as $photo) { $photos[] = $photo; } } else $photos = ""; var_dump($photos); echo "<hr />"; } e.g. same row looks like array(5) { [0]= object(SimpleXMLElement)#11 (1) { [0]= string(12) "06397001.jpg" } [1]= object(SimpleXMLElement)#12 (1) { [0]= string(12) "06397002.jpg" } [2]= object(SimpleXMLElement)#13 (1) { [0]= string(12) "06397003.jpg" } [3]= object(SimpleXMLElement)#14 (1) { [0]= string(12) "06397004.jpg" } [4]= object(SimpleXMLElement)#15 (1) { [0]= string(12) "06397005.jpg" } } Why is this happening/how can I remove this so I just get an array of the photos at root level like when I echo it? Thanks, sorry for the single line code formatting; was messing up when I tried to paste directly with line breaks.

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  • Is there any benefit to my rather quirky character sizing convention?

    - by Paul Alan Taylor
    I love things that are a power of 2. I celebrated my 32nd birthday knowing it was the last time in 32 years I'd be able to claim that my age was a power of 2. I'm obsessed. It's like being some Z-list Batman villain, except without the colourful adventures and a face full of batarangs. I ensure that all my enum values are powers of 2, if only for future bitwise operations, and I'm reasonably assured that there is some purpose (even if latent) for doing it. Where I'm less sure, is in how I define the lengths of database fields. Again, I can't help it. Everything ends up being a power of 2. CREATE TABLE Person ( PersonID int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY ,Firstname varchar(64) ,Surname varchar(128) ) Can any SQL super-boffins who know about the internals of how stuff is stored and retrieved tell me whether there is any benefit to my inexplicable obsession? Is it more efficient to size character fields this way? Can anyone pop in with an "actually, what you're doing works because ....."? I suspect I'm just getting crazier in my older age, but it'd be nice to know that there is some method to my madness.

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  • object / class methods serialized as well?

    - by Mat90
    I know that data members are saved to disk but I was wondering whether object's/class' methods are saved in binary format as well? Because I found some contradictionary info, for example: Ivor Horton: "Class objects contain function members as well as data members, and all the members, both data and functions, have access specifiers; therefore, to record objects in an external file, the information written to the file must contain complete specifications of all the class structures involved." and: Are methods also serialized along with the data members in .NET? Thus: are method's assembly instructions (opcodes and operands) stored to disk as well? Just like a precompiled LIB or DLL? During the DOS ages I used assembly so now and then. As far as I remember from Delphi and the following site (answer by dan04): Are methods also serialized along with the data members in .NET? sizeof(<OBJECT or CLASS>) will give the size of all data members together (no methods/procedures). Also a nice C example is given there with data and members declared in one class/struct but at runtime these methods are separate procedures acting on a struct of data. However, I think that later class/object implementations like Pascal's VMT may be different in memory.

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  • Python: Convert format string to regular expression

    - by miracle2k
    The users of my app can configure the layout of certain files via a format string. For example, the config value the user specifies might be: layout = '%(group)s/foo-%(locale)s/file.txt' I now need to find all such files that already exist. This seems easy enough using the glob module: glob_pattern = layout % {'group': '*', 'locale': '*'} glob.glob(glob_pattern) However, now comes the hard part: Given the list of glob results, I need to get all those filename-parts that matched a given placeholder, for example all the different "locale" values. I thought I would generate a regular expression for the format string that I could then match against the list of glob results (or then possibly skipping glob and doing all the matching myself). But I can't find a nice way to create the regex with both the proper group captures, and escaping the rest of the input. For example, this might give me a regex that matches the locales: regex = layout % {'group': '.*', 'locale': (.*)} But to be sure the regex is valid, I need to pass it through re.escape(), which then also escapes the regex syntax I have just inserted. Calling re.escape() first ruins the format string. I know there's fnmatch.translate(), which would even give me a regex - but not one that returns the proper groups. Is there a good way to do this, without a hack like replacing the placeholders with a regex-safe unique value etc.? Is there possibly some way (a third party library perhaps?) that allows dissecting a format string in a more flexible way, for example splitting the string at the placeholder locations?

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  • What is an efficient strategy for multiple threads posting jobs and waiting for response from a single thread?

    - by jakewins
    In java, what is an efficient solution to the following problem: I have multiple threads (10-20 or so) generating jobs ("Job Creators"), and a single thread capable of performing them ("The worker"). Once a job creator has posted a job, it should wait for the job to finish, yielding no result other than "it's done", before it keeps going. For sending the jobs to the worker thread, I think a ring buffer or similar standard fan-in setup would perhaps be a good approach? But for a Job Creator to find out that her job has been done, I'm not so sure.. The job creators could sleep, and the worker interrupt them when done.. Or each job creator could have an atomic boolean that it checks, and that the worker sets. I dunno, neither of those feel very nice. I'd like to do it with as few (none, if possible) locks as absolutely possible. So to be clear: What I'm looking for is speed, not necessarily simplicity. Does anyone have any suggestions? Links to reading about concurrency strategies would also be very welcome!

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  • DDD and Entity Base, Model using multiple identity types

    - by Thomas
    I have a model that looks like this: public interface IEntity { int Id { get; set; } } Then the idea is to have my entities inherit from this interface: public class User : IEntity { public int Id { get; set; } } However, one of my entities actually has a Guid as an identifier. public class UserSession { public Guid Id { get; set; } } I really would like all my entities inheriting from the same interface but that would force me to add an integer based identity column to the UserSession which is unnecessary since Guid is the identity, but it would keep the domain model nice since all entities would inherit from the same base. What options do I have in this scenario? Can I have two base interfaces, one for int and one for Guid? Should I add an identity column into the UserSession entity although it is unnecessary? I need the Guid so I can't just get rid of it and replace it with and integer. Any thoughts on best practices?

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  • VS2010 Web Deploy: how to remove absolute paths and automate setAcl?

    - by Julien Lebosquain
    The integrated Web Deployment in Visual Studio 2010 is pretty nice. It can create a package ready to be deployed using MSDeploy on a target IIS machine. Problem is, this package will be redistributed to a client that will install it himself using the "Import Application" from IIS when MSDeploy is installed. The default package created always include the full path from the development machine, "D:\Dev\XXX\obj\Debug\Package\PackageTmp" in the source manifest file. It doesn't prevent installation of course since it was designed this way, but it looks ugly in the import dialog and has no meaning to the client. Worse he will wonder what are those paths and it looks quite confusing. By customizing the .csproj file (by adding MSBuild properties used by the package creation task), I managed to add additional parameters to the package. However, I spent most of the afternoon in the 2600 lines long Web.Publishing.targets trying to understand what parameter influenced the "development path" behavior, in vain. I also tried to use the setAcl to customize security on a given folder after deployment, but I only managed to do this with MSBuild by using a relative path... it shouldn't matter if I resolve the first problem though. I could modify the generated archive after its creation but I would prefer if everything was automatized using MSBuild. Does anyone know how to do that?

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  • How good is the memory mapped Circular Buffer on Wikipedia?

    - by abroun
    I'm trying to implement a circular buffer in C, and have come across this example on Wikipedia. It looks as if it would provide a really nice interface for anyone reading from the buffer, as reads which wrap around from the end to the beginning of the buffer are handled automatically. So all reads are contiguous. However, I'm a bit unsure about using it straight away as I don't really have much experience with memory mapping or virtual memory and I'm not sure that I fully understand what it's doing. What I think I understand is that it's mapping a shared memory file the size of the buffer into memory twice. Then, whenever data is written into the buffer it appears in memory in 2 places at once. This allows all reads to be contiguous. What would be really great is if someone with more experience of POSIX memory mapping could have a quick look at the code and tell me if the underlying mechanism used is really that efficient. Am I right in thinking for example that the file in /dev/shm used for the shared memory always stays in RAM or could it get written to the hard drive (performance hit) at some point? Are there any gotchas I should be aware of? As it stands, I'm probably going to use a simpler method for my current project, but it'd be good to understand this to have it in my toolbox for the future. Thanks in advance for your time.

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  • Multiple Inheritence with same Base Classes in Python

    - by Jordan Reiter
    I'm trying to wrap my head around multiple inheritance in python. Suppose I have the following base class: class Structure(object): def build(self, *args): print "I am building a structure!" self.components = args And let's say I have two classes that inherit from it: class House(Structure): def build(self, *args): print "I am building a house!" super(House, self).build(*args) class School(Structure): def build(self, type="Elementary", *args): print "I am building a school!" super(School, self).build(*args) Finally, a create a class that uses multiple inheritance: class SchoolHouse(School, House): def build(self, *args): print "I am building a schoolhouse!" super(School, self).build(*args) Then, I create a SchoolHouse object and run build on it: >>> sh = SchoolHouse() >>> sh.build("roof", "walls") I am building a schoolhouse! I am building a house! I am building a structure! So I'm wondering -- what happened to the School class? Is there any way to get Python to run both somehow? I'm wondering specifically because there are a fair number of Django packages out there that provide custom Managers for models. But there doesn't appear to be a way to combine them without writing one or the other of the Managers as inheriting from the other one. It'd be nice to just import both and use both somehow, but looks like it can't be done? Also I guess it'd just help to be pointed to a good primer on multiple inheritance in Python. I have done some work with Mixins before and really enjoy using them. I guess I just wonder if there is any elegant way to combine functionality from two different classes when they inherit from the same base class.

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  • Liskov Substition and Composition

    - by FlySwat
    Let say I have a class like this: public sealed class Foo { public void Bar { // Do Bar Stuff } } And I want to extend it to add something beyond what an extension method could do....My only option is composition: public class SuperFoo { private Foo _internalFoo; public SuperFoo() { _internalFoo = new Foo(); } public void Bar() { _internalFoo.Bar(); } public void Baz() { // Do Baz Stuff } } While this works, it is a lot of work...however I still run into a problem: public void AcceptsAFoo(Foo a) I can pass in a Foo here, but not a super Foo, because C# has no idea that SuperFoo truly does qualify in the Liskov Substitution sense...This means that my extended class via composition is of very limited use. So, the only way to fix it is to hope that the original API designers left an interface laying around: public interface IFoo { public Bar(); } public sealed class Foo : IFoo { // etc } Now, I can implement IFoo on SuperFoo (Which since SuperFoo already implements Foo, is just a matter of changing the signature). public class SuperFoo : IFoo And in the perfect world, the methods that consume Foo would consume IFoo's: public void AcceptsAFoo(IFoo a) Now, C# understands the relationship between SuperFoo and Foo due to the common interface and all is well. The big problem is that .NET seals lots of classes that would occasionally be nice to extend, and they don't usually implement a common interface, so API methods that take a Foo would not accept a SuperFoo and you can't add an overload. So, for all the composition fans out there....How do you get around this limitation? The only thing I can think of is to expose the internal Foo publicly, so that you can pass it on occasion, but that seems messy.

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