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• Make and receive calls from and to PC to mobile and vice versa

  - by Hunt

  I want to route normal phone calls (i.e. calls made from landline or mobile) to VoIP and vice versa. Fr example, if I dial a number from a PC I will be able to call the other person, and the other person is able to see my number on their screen. Similarly, if a person calls me, I can pick up a call on my PC and can see their number on my screen. I don't have any idea how to implement this – how would I go about doing that?

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• Positioning a sprite in XNA: Use ClientBounds or BackBuffer?

  - by Martin Andersson

  I'm reading a book called "Learning XNA 4.0" written by Aaron Reed. Throughout most of the chapters, whenever he calculates the position of a sprite to use in his call to SpriteBatch.Draw, he uses Window.ClientBounds.Width and Window.ClientBounds.Height. But then all of a sudden, on page 108, he uses PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth and PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight instead. I think I understand what the Back Buffer and the Client Bounds are and the difference between those two (or perhaps not?). But I'm mighty confused about when I should use one or the other when it comes to positioning sprites. The author uses for the most part Client Bounds both for checking whenever a moving sprite is of the screen and to find a spawn point for new sprites. However, he seems to make two exceptions from this pattern in his book. The first time is when he wants some animated sprites to "move in" and cross the screen from one side to another (page 108 as mentioned). The second and last time is when he positions a texture to work as a button in the lower right corner of a Windows Phone 7 screen (page 379). Anyone got an idea? I shall provide some context if it is of any help. Here's how he usually calls SpriteBatch.Draw (code example from where he positions a sprite in the middle of the screen [page 35]): spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Vector2( (Window.ClientBounds.Width / 2) - (texture.Width / 2), (Window.ClientBounds.Height / 2) - (texture.Height / 2)), null, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, SpriteEffects.None, 0); And here is the first case of four possible in a switch statement that will set the position of soon to be spawned moving sprites, this position will later be used in the SpriteBatch.Draw call (page 108): // Randomly choose which side of the screen to place enemy, // then randomly create a position along that side of the screen // and randomly choose a speed for the enemy switch (((Game1)Game).rnd.Next(4)) { case 0: // LEFT to RIGHT position = new Vector2( -frameSize.X, ((Game1)Game).rnd.Next(0, Game.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight - frameSize.Y)); speed = new Vector2(((Game1)Game).rnd.Next( enemyMinSpeed, enemyMaxSpeed), 0); break;

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• Update Manager won't open (error related to pythonverbose)

  - by Mateus Machado Luna

  I'm having an issue with update-manager. Last night, my computer restart suddenly during the update process. Now it won't open and it keep appearing on the notifier with a message warning that an error occurred. The error is the same that is displayed when I try to open it on the terminal: Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback: EOFError: EOF read where not expected Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/update-manager", line 26, in <module> from __future__ import print_function EOFError: EOF read where not expected I've already seen some questions here, but most of them are related to problems with ppas and the source.list file. This seems to be a bug on update-manager itself. I've already tried to remove it and install again, but the problem persists. I also noted another bug: my source-center doesn't open too. The message for it is similar to the other one: Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback: EOFError: EOF read where not expected Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/command-not-found", line 5, in <module> from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function EOFError: EOF read where not expected For now I'm using apt-get update && upgrade for updating and the Synaptic for the source management. But I really would like to fix this stuff. Anyone can help? I'm with Ubuntu 12.10, Gnome-remix, 64-bits.

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• What is a fairly accepted endpoints to concurrent calls ratio for a PBX?

  - by Logan Bibby

  Hey guys! Not too positive about the relevance of this question to Server Fault, but I'll let you guys poke around at it anyway. :) I'm trying to figure out what an accepted ratio of endpoints to concurrent calls on the "average" office PBX. I'm defining concurrent calls as any call being placed, including internal calls. I'm not going to be considering call centers into this ratio, I'll be looking at those differently, anyway. To give you guys a little history behind the question: I need this ratio to be able to figure out decent specs for a virtual PBX service I'm going to be rolling out within the upcoming months. The ratio will determine the number of trunks needed per PBX system. -- Logan

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• How to achieve a loosely coupled REST API but with a defined and well understood contract?

  - by BestPractices

  I am new to REST and am struggling to understand how one would properly design a REST system to both allow for loose coupling but at the same time allow a consumer of a REST API to understand the API. If, in my client code, I issue a GET request for a resource and get back XML, how do I know what to do with that xml? e.g. if it contains <fname>John</fname><lname>Smith</lname> how do I know that these refer to the concept of "first name", "last name"? Is it up to the person writing the REST API to define in documentation some place what each of the XML fields mean? What if producer of the API wants to change the implementation to be <firstname> instead of <fname>? How do they do this and notify their consumers that this change occurred? Or do the consumers just encounter the error and then look at the payload and figure out on their own that it changed? I've read in REST in Practice that using a WADL tool to create a client implementation based on the WADL (and hide the fact that you're doing a distributed call) is an "anti-pattern". But I was planning to do this-- at least then I would have a statically typed API call that, if it changed, I would know at compile time and not at run time. Why is this a bad thing to generate client code based on a WADL? And how do I know what to do with the links that returned in the response of a POST to a REST API? What defines this contract and gives true meaning to what each link will do? Please help! I dont understand how to go from statically-typed or even SOAP/RPC to REST!

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• UML Diagrams of Multi-Threaded Applications

  - by PersonalNexus

  For single-threaded applications I like to use class diagrams to get an overview of the architecture of that application. This type of diagram, however, hasn’t been very helpful when trying to understand heavily multi-threaded/concurrent applications, for instance because different instances of a class "live" on different threads (meaning accessing an instance is save only from the one thread it lives on). Consequently, associations between classes don’t necessarily mean that I can call methods on those objects, but instead I have to make that call on the target object's thread. Most literature I have dug up on the topic such as Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML by Hassan Gomaa had some nice ideas, such as drawing thread boundaries into object diagrams, but overall seemed a bit too academic and wordy to be really useful. I don’t want to use these diagrams as a high-level view of the problem domain, but rather as a detailed description of my classes/objects, their interactions and the limitations due to thread-boundaries I mentioned above. I would therefore like to know: What types of diagrams have you found to be most helpful in understanding multi-threaded applications? Are there any extensions to classic UML that take into account the peculiarities of multi-threaded applications, e.g. through annotations illustrating that some objects might live in a certain thread while others have no thread-affinity; some fields of an object may be read from any thread, but written to only from one; some methods are synchronous and return a result while others are asynchronous that get requests queued up and return results for instance via a callback on a different thread.

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• What benefits can I get upgrading my ASP.NET (Webform) + DAL(EF) + Repository + BLL structure to MVC?

  - by Etienne

  I'm in the process of defining an approach that may best fit our needs for a big web application development. For now, I'm thinking going with an ASP.NET Architecture with a DAL using Entity Framework, a Repository concept to not access DAL directly from BLL and a BLL that call the repository and make every manipulations necessary to prepare data to push in a presentation layer (.aspx files). I don't plan to use ASP.Net controls and prefer to keep things simple and lightweight using plain html, jQuery UI controls and do most of the server calls with jQuery Ajax. Sometimes, when needed, I plan to use handlers (.ashx) to call BLL methods that will return JSON or HTML to client for dynamic stuff. My solution also has a test project that Mock the Repository with in-memory data to not repose on database for testing BLL methods... It may be usefull to add that we will build a big application over this architecture with hundreds of tables and store procedures with a lot of reading and writing to database. My question is, having this architecture in mind, Is there any evident advantages that I can obtain by using an MVC3 project instead of the described architecture base on Webform? Do you see any problem in this architecture that may cause us problem during the next steps of development? I know the MVC pattern for using it in others projects with Django... but the Microsoft MVC implementation look so much more complex and verbose than Django MVC and it's why I'm hesitating (or waiting for a little push?) right now before jumping into it... We are in a real project with deadlines and don't want to slow the development process without any real benefits.

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• Sound not playing on Windows XP - SoundEffect or Song: Monogame

  - by ashes999

  I'm trying to integrate sound into my Monogame game. I don't have the content pipeline hack -- just straight Monogame (Beta 3) at this point. (I tried adding the content pipeline, but ran into some issues.) I added a .wav file to my /Content directory, and I can create and instantiate both SoundEffect and Song classes. However, both show durations of 00:00:00 (on a ten-second long file), and neither plays. I can call LoadContent without any issue. But when I call Play, nothing plays. I've tried a couple of different sounds, and different formats (MP3 and WAV) to rule that out. Only WAV seems to even load without crashing out, but it doesn't play. There seems to be a GitHub issue that fixes this problem in 2.5.1. Downgrading to 2.5.1 doesn't fix this problem; it seems like it's fixed in 3.0 (_data is set in the SoundEffect instance). This issue only occurs on Windows XP. I tested it on a Windows 7 laptop, and the sound plays fine.

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• How to pass a filename to a shortcut in Windows

  - by Kendall Frey

  I have a program program.exe and a document document.txt, and to open the document, I can drag document.txt onto program.exe. So far so good. Now I want to call it with a command-line parameter -param so that the full command line is program.exe -param document.txt Unfortunately, I can't do this with drag and drop, so I need to fire up cmd and type in the command manually. This takes too long, and I need an easier way. How can I create a shortcut that I can drop the file onto, and have it call the program with the command-line parameter? I tried setting the shortcut to program.exe -param "%1", but that didn't work, because it appeared to pass only the file name, and not the path, and since the current directory was the one with the program and not the one with the document, it couldn't find the document.

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• What does Avg Position from Google Webmaster really mean

  - by RandomBen

  I have a website I am tracking on Google's Webmaster tools. When I look at the Search queries page it shows me a graph of Impressions and clicks per day. Underneath that there is a table showing specific results. One of the columns is Avg Position. That columns seems to include paid ads. Is that correct, does the Avg Position also include the top result ads(the ads at the top of the search results)? I am asking because the company I work for has a not so common name and whenever I Google it our site is the #1 result 100% of the time. The only thing above it is 1 paid add. When I checkout Webmaster tools I notice that searching for our name returns with us at an Avg Position of 2.0. That seems like it would be only possible if paid top result ads were included in that position. Does anyone know?

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• Can't install software by terminal

  - by behnam mohammadi

  I don't know what packages i have installed that i no longer can get and install packages in terminal. e.g. when trying to install Prozgui, i got this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/add-apt-repository", line 60, in <module> sp = SoftwareProperties() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 90, in __init__ self.reload_sourceslist() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 538, in reload_sourceslist self.distro.get_sources(self.sourceslist) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/aptsources/distro.py", line 91, in get_sources raise NoDistroTemplateException("Error: could not find a " aptsources.distro.NoDistroTemplateException: Error: could not find a distribution template and it happens for all others too. Plus, my Software Center has been disabled and doesn't start. I get this error for that too: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/software-center", line 111, in <module> from softwarecenter.app import SoftwareCenterApp File "/usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/app.py", line 40, in <module> from softwarecenter.db.application import Application, DebFileApplication File "/usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/db/application.py", line 30, in <module> from softwarecenter.distro import get_distro File "/usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/distro/__init__.py", line 151, in <module> distro_instance=_get_distro() File "/usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/distro/__init__.py", line 140, in _get_distro module = __import__(distro_id, globals(), locals(), [], -1) ImportError: No module named OPTIMOS Can anyone please help me with this? Thank you in advance!

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• How can I decrease my C# learning curve? [closed]

  - by MSU

  I have been learning programming, mostly C# and .net stuff. And I have target to become a fulltime .NET developer. But I am feeling that learning Graph is very slow, I have been learning C# programming, doing some coding everyday, but how I can learn very fast and increase my skills rapidly? I know there should be a balance of coding and reading, as without reading I can't code and without coding I can't increase my skills. SO, I am requesting here suggesting from experts on how I bring more pace to my learning curve? I intend to give 4-6 hours daily for this and on weekends 10+ hours.

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• Storing and analyzing rock climbing difficulty

  - by Zonedabone

  I'm working on a WordPress plugin to manage rock climbing data, and I need to think of a way to store rock climbing grades from all of the different systems in a unified way. There are many different systems, all of which have some numerical system. A comparison of all the systems: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Comparison_tables Is there some unified way that I can store and analyze these, or do I just need to assign numbers to them all and call it a day? My current plan is to save the score type and then assign each score a numerical value, which I can then use to compare and graph them.

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• How to use OO for data analysis? [closed]

  - by Konsta

  In which ways could object-orientation (OO) make my data analysis more efficient and let me reuse more of my code? The data analysis can be broken up into get data (from db or csv or similar) transform data (filter, group/pivot, ...) display/plot (graph timeseries, create tables, etc.) I mostly use Python and its Pandas and Matplotlib packages for this besides some DB connectivity (SQL). Almost all of my code is a functional/procedural mix. While I have started to create a data object for a certain collection of time series, I wonder if there are OO design patterns/approaches for other parts of the process that might increase efficiency?

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• iOS and Server: OAuth strategy

  - by drekka

  I'm trying to working how to handle authentication when I have iOS clients accessing a Node.js server and want to use services such as Google, Facebook etc to provide basic authentication for my application. My current idea of a typical flow is this: User taps a Facebook/Google button which triggers the OAuth(2) dialogs and authenticates the user on the device. At this point the device has the users access token. This token is saved so that the next time the user uses the app it can be retrieved. The access token is transmitted to my Node.js server which stores it, and tags it as un-verified. The server verifies the token by making a call to Facebook/google for the users email address. If this works the token is flagged as verified and the server knows it has a verified user. If Facebook/google fail to authenticate the token, the server tells iOS client to re-authenticate and present a new token. The iOS client can now access api calls on my Node.js server passing the token each time. As long as the token matches the stored and verified token, the server accepts the call. Obviously the tokens have time limits. I suspect it's possible, but highly unlikely that someone could sniff an access token and attempt to use it within it's lifespan, but other than that I'm hoping this is a reasonably secure method for verification of users on iOS clients without having to roll my own security. Any opinions and advice welcome.

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• Pattern for a class that does only one thing

  - by Heinzi

  Let's say I have a procedure that does stuff: void doStuff(initalParams) { ... } Now I discover that "doing stuff" is quite a compex operation. The procedure becomes large, I split it up into multiple smaller procedures and soon I realize that having some kind of state would be useful while doing stuff, so that I need to pass less parameters between the small procedures. So, I factor it out into its own class: class StuffDoer { private someInternalState; public Start(initalParams) { ... } // some private helper procedures here ... } And then I call it like this: new StuffDoer().Start(initialParams); or like this: new StuffDoer(initialParams).Start(); And this is what feels wrong. When using the .NET or Java API, I always never call new SomeApiClass().Start(...);, which makes me suspect that I'm doing it wrong. Sure, I could make StuffDoer's constructor private and add a static helper method: public static DoStuff(initalParams) { new StuffDoer().Start(initialParams); } But then I'd have a class whose external interface consists of only one static method, which also feels weird. Hence my question: Is there a well-established pattern for this type of classes that have only one entry point and have no "externally recognizable" state, i.e., instance state is only required during execution of that one entry point?

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• Does anyone provide a Skype connection service?

  - by Runc

  Is there a way of offering Skype access to incoming calls while keeping all telephony traffic over our chosen business telephony provision? Is there a 3rd party who can route incoming Skype calls to our telephone system? The business has had requests from contacts wanting to call us via Skype, but we want to keep all telephony via our PBX and phone lines as our geographic location limits our available internet bandwidth. We also prevent installation of non-standard applications on desktops and do not want to add Skype to our build. I was wondering if there were any 3rd parties that provide a connection service that would allow our contacts to call via Skype and us receive the calls via our phone system.

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• How to make phone calls using a phone

  - by user18151

  Hi, I have a phone landline connection and I DO NOT have a phone instrument. I connect the cable into my laptop, and want to make calls using my laptop. I have an HDA CX20561 modem. I seem to be able to dial number using dialer.exe, though nothing seems to happen. From Microsoft kb http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958143, it looks like dialer.exe alone is not enough for the call. Can somebody tell me how to make and receive phone call with whatever hardware I have, i.e. what software will I need. Thanks.

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• Collision detection code style

  - by Marian Ivanov

  Not only there are two useful broad-phase algorithms and a lot of useful narrowphase algorithms, there are also multiple code styles. Arrays vs. calling Make an array of broadphase checks, then filter them with narrowphase checks, then resolve them. function resolveCollisions(thingyStructure * a,thingyStructure * b,int index){ possibleCollisions = getPossibleCollisions(b,a->get(index)); for(i=0; i<possibleCollitionsNumber; i++){ if(narrowphase(possibleCollisions[i],a[index])) { collisions->push(possibleCollisions[i]); }; }; for(i=0; i<collitionsNumber; i++){ //CODE FOR RESOLUTION }; }; Make the broadphase call the narrowphase, and the narrowphase call the resolution function resolveCollisions(thingyStructure * a,thingyStructure * b,int index){ broadphase(b,a->get(index)); }; function broadphase(thingy * with, thingy * what){ while(blah){ //blahcode narrowphase(what,collidingThing); }; }; Events vs. in-the-loop Fire an event. This abstracts the check away, but it's trickier to make an equal interaction. a[index] -> collisionEvent(eventdata); //much later int collisionEvent(eventdata){ //resolution gets here } Resolve the collision inside the loop. This glues narrowphase and resolution into one layer. if(narrowphase(possibleCollisions[i],a[index])) { //CODE GOES HERE }; The questions are: Which of the first two is better, and how am I supposed to make a zero-sum Newtonian interaction under B1.

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• ubuntu mass deployment kickstart file how/where?

  - by gkrawiec

  i've succesfully been able to prepare an OEM image that is ready to be cloned and installed in about 1100 machines. My only issue right now is that when the machine boots for the first time it asks for the basic setup questions. I think I have the kickstart file ready, but I dont know how to call it. My logic says that before I run the "prepare to ship to end user" script that I have to modify the boot parameters to call the ks file so the ks.cfg file goes with each drive. My issue is I cant figure out how to modify the boot parameters. Also, i dont know if there is a log i can check to see if its actually calling it or not. I am using ubuntu 12.04 desktop x64. I am trying on /etc/default/grub by modifying one line from GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash ks=file:/ks.cfg" then I run an update-grub but its not working. My ks.cfg file is: ----------------------- #Generated by Kickstart Configurator #System language lang en_US #System keyboard keyboard us #System timezone timezone America/Tijuana Initial user user mytestuser --fullname "Test User" --iscrypted --password $sdfsfsdgthrttyujtkyktru #Rebootafter installation reboot ------------------------- what am I doing wrong? thanks, -gk

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• Mapping dynamic buffers in Direct3D11 in Windows Store apps

  - by Donnie

  I'm trying to make instanced geometry in Direct3D11, and the ID3D11DeviceContext1->Map() call is failing with the very helpful error of "Invalid Parameter" when I'm attempting to update the instance buffer. The buffer is declared as a member variable: Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> m_instanceBuffer; Then I create it (which succeeds): D3D11_BUFFER_DESC instanceDesc; ZeroMemory(&instanceDesc, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC)); instanceDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC; instanceDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(InstanceData) * MAX_INSTANCE_COUNT; instanceDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; instanceDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE; instanceDesc.MiscFlags = 0; instanceDesc.StructureByteStride = 0; DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&instanceDesc, NULL, &m_instanceBuffer)); However, when I try to map it: D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE inst; DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dContext->Map(m_instanceBuffer.Get(), 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE, 0, &inst)); The map call fails with E_INVALIDARG. Nothing is NULL incorrectly, and this being one of my first D3D apps I'm currently stumped on what to do next to track it down. I'm thinking I must be creating the buffer incorrectly, but I can't see how. Any input would be appreciated.

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• Physics not synchronizing correctly over the network when using Bullet

  - by Lucas

  I'm trying to implement a client/server physics system using Bullet however I'm having problems getting things to sync up. I've implemented a custom motion state which reads and write the transform from my game objects and it works locally but I've tried two different approaches for networked games: Dynamic objects on the client that are also on the server (eg not random debris and other unimportant stuff) are made kinematic. This works correctly but the objects don't move very smoothly Objects are dynamic on both but after each message from the server that the object has moved I set the linear and angular velocity to the values from the server and call btRigidBody::proceedToTransform with the transform on the server. I also call btCollisionObject::activate(true); to force the object to update. My intent with method 2 was to basically do method 1 but hijacking Bullet to do a poor-man's prediction instead of doing my own to smooth out method 1, but this doesn't seem to work (for reasons that are not 100% clear to me even stepping through Bullet) and the objects sometimes end up in different places. Am I heading in the right direction? Bullet seems to have it's own interpolation code built-in. Can that help me make method 1 work better? Or is my method 2 code not working because I am accidentally stomping that?

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• Dynamically reference a Named Table Column via cell content in Excel

  - by rcphq

  How do I reference an Excel Table column dynamically in Excel 2007? ie: i wanna reference a named column of a named table and what table it is will vary with the value of a cell. I have a Table in Excel (Let's call it Table1). I want to reference one of its columns (Let's call it column1) dynamically from a value in another cell (A1) so that I can achieve the following result: When I change A1, the formula that counts Table1[DynamicallyReferencedColumnName] gets updated to the new reference. I tried using =Count(Table1[INDIRECT("$A$1")]) but Excel says the formula contains an error. Example: A1 = names then the formula would equal Count(Table1[names]). A1 = lastname then the formula would equal Count(Table1[lastname]).

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• A Generic RIDC Test Program

  - by Kevin Smith

  Many times I have found it useful to use a java program that communicates with WebCenter Content (WCC) using RIDC for testing. I might not have access to the web GUI or need to test a service running as a specific user. In the past I had created a number of "one off" programs that submitted specific services, e.g GET_SEARCH_RESULTS, DOCINFO, etc. Recently I decided to create a generic RIDC test program that could submit any service with the desired parameters based on a configuration file. The programs gets the following information from the configuration file: WCC connection information (host, port) User to use to run service Service to run Any parameters for the service The program will make a connection to the WCC server, send the service request, and print the results of the service call using the getResponseAsString() method. Here is a sample configuration file: ridc.host=localhostridc.port=4444ridc.user=sysadminridc.idcservice=GET_SEARCH_RESULTSidcservice.QueryText=dDocType <matches> `Document`idcservice.SortField=dDocNameidcservice.SortDesc=ASC There is a readme file included in the zip with instructions for how to configure and run the program. The program takes one command line argument, the configuration file name. The configuration file name is optional and defaults to config.properties. If you have any suggestions for improvements let me know. Right now it only submits a single service call each time you run it. One enhancement I have already thought about would be to allow you to specify multiple services to tun in the configuration file. You can do that with the current program by having multiple configuration files and running the program multiple times, each with a different configuration file. You can download the program here.

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• Dealing with 2D pixel shaders and SpriteBatches in XNA 4.0 component-object game engine?

  - by DaveStance

  I've got a bit of experience with shaders in general, having implemented a couple, very simple, 3D fragment and vertex shaders in OpenGL/WebGL in the past. Currently, I'm working on a 2D game engine in XNA 4.0 and I'm struggling with the process of integrating per-object and full-scene shaders in my current architecture. I'm using a component-entity design, wherein my "Entities" are merely collections of components that are acted upon by discreet system managers (SpatialProvider, SceneProvider, etc). In the context of this question, my draw call looks something like this: SceneProvider::Draw(GameTime) calls... ComponentManager::Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) which calls (on each drawable component) DrawnComponent::Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) The SpriteBatch is set up, with the default SpriteBatch shader, in the SceneProvider class just before it tells the ComponentManager to start rendering the scene. From my understanding, if a component needs to use a special shader to draw itself, it must do the following when it's Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) method is invoked: public void Draw(GameTime gameTime, SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null, EffectShader, ViewMatrix); // Draw things here that are shaded by the "EffectShader." spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(/* same settings that were set by SceneProvider to ensure the rest of the scene is rendered normally */); } My question is, having been told that numerous calls to SpriteBatch.Begin() and SpriteBatch.End() within a single frame was terrible for performance, is there a better way to do this? Is there a way to instruct the currently running SpriteBatch to simply change the Effect shader it is using for this particular draw call and then switch it back before the function ends?

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