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• How to apply stereotypes on UML Relationships' MemberEnds?

  - by Cristi Potlog

  I'm running this code on a UML Class Diagram, and it works just fine, but when trying to apply stereotypes from PropertiesEditor in Visual Studio for relationship ends (FirstRole and SecondRole), the stereotypes combo doesn't load even if in code there seems to be applicable stereotypes valid for association properties. What should I put in metaclasses tag in the UML profile except for IProperty? <metaclassMoniker name="/MyUmlProfile/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Classes.IProperty"/> This is the code: using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Classes; foreach( IShape shape in currentDiagram.GetSelectedShapes<IElement>() ) { IElement element = shape.GetElement(); foreach( IStereotype stereotype in element.ApplicableStereotypes ) { if( element is Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Classes.IClass ) { IClass classItem = (IClass)element; if( classItem.SuperClasses.Count() > 0 ) { if( stereotype.Name == "SubclassAttribute" ) { element.ApplyStereotype( stereotype ); } } else if( stereotype.Name == "ClassAttribute" ) { element.ApplyStereotype( stereotype ); } } else if( element is Microsoft.VisualStudio.Uml.Classes.IProperty ) { IProperty property = (IProperty)element; if( property.Association != null ) { if( stereotype.Name == "Set" && property.UpperValue != null && property.UpperValue.ToString() == "*" ) { element.ApplyStereotype( stereotype ); } else if( stereotype.Name == "ManyToOne" && ( property.UpperValue == null || property.UpperValue.ToString() == "1" ) ) { element.ApplyStereotype( stereotype ); } } else if( stereotype.Name == "Property" ) { element.ApplyStereotype( stereotype ); } } } }

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• How to use class_eval <<-"end_eval" in Ruby? Not parsing correctly

  - by viatropos

  I would like to define dynamic methods based on some options people give when instantiating it. So in their AR model, they'd do something like this: acts_as_something :class_name => "CustomClass" I'm trying to implement that like so: module MyModule def self.included(base) as = Config.class_name.underscore foreign_key = "#{as}_id" # 1 - class eval, throws these errors # ~/test-project/helpers/form.rb:45: syntax error, unexpected $undefined # @ ||= MyForm.new( # ^ # ~/test-project/helpers/form.rb:46: syntax error, unexpected ',' #~/test-project/helpers/form.rb:48: syntax error, unexpected ')', # expecting kEND from ~/test-project/helpers.rb:12:in `include' base.class_eval <<-"end_eval", __FILE__, __LINE__ attr_accessor :#{as} def #{as} @#{as} ||= MyForm.new( :id => self.#{foreign_key}, :title => self.title ) @#{as} end end_eval end end But it's throwing a bunch of errors I've printed in the comments. Am I using this incorrectly? What are some better ways I can define dynamic method names and dynamic names inside the method like this? I see people use this often instead of define_method (see these classes in resource_controller and couchrest toward the bottom). What I missing here? Thanks for the help

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• .NET/C#: How to remove/minimize code clutter while 'triggering' Events

  - by eibhrum

  Hi, I just wanna find out if there's a way I could minimize code clutter in my application. I have written code/s similar to this: private void btnNext_MouseEnter(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnNext.Opacity = 1; } private void btnNext_MouseLeave(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnNext.Opacity = 0.5; } private void btnShowAll_MouseEnter(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnShowAll.Opacity = 1; } private void btnShowAll_MouseLeave(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnShowAll.Opacity = 0.5; } private void btnPrev_MouseEnter(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnPrev.Opacity = 1; } private void btnPrev_MouseLeave(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnPrev.Opacity = 0.5; } private void btnSearch_MouseEnter(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnSearch.Opacity = 1; } private void btnSearch_MouseLeave(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnSearch.Opacity = 0.5; } private void btnSearchStore_MouseEnter(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnSearchStore.Opacity = 1; } private void btnSearchStore_MouseLeave(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnSearchStore.Opacity = 0.5; } private void btnCloseSearch_MouseEnter(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnCloseSearch.Opacity = 1; } private void btnCloseSearch_MouseLeave(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnCloseSearch.Opacity = 0.5; } private void btnHome_MouseEnter(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnHome.Opacity = 1; } private void btnHome_MouseLeave(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseEventArgs e) { btnHome.Opacity = 0.5; } and so on and so forth... Do I need to create a 'function' that will run initially? Or do I have to create another class just so I can 'organize' them? Any suggestions?

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• Idiomatic Scala way to deal with base vs derived class field names?

  - by Gregor Scheidt

  Consider the following base and derived classes in Scala: abstract class Base( val x : String ) final class Derived( x : String ) extends Base( "Base's " + x ) { override def toString = x } Here, the identifier 'x' of the Derived class parameter overrides the field of the Base class, so invoking toString like this: println( new Derived( "string" ).toString ) returns the Derived value and gives the result "string". So a reference to the 'x' parameter prompts the compiler to automatically generate a field on Derived, which is served up in the call to toString. This is very convenient usually, but leads to a replication of the field (I'm now storing the field on both Base and Derived), which may be undesirable. To avoid this replication, I can rename the Derived class parameter from 'x' to something else, like '_x': abstract class Base( val x : String ) final class Derived( _x : String ) extends Base( "Base's " + _x ) { override def toString = x } Now a call to toString returns "Base's string", which is what I want. Unfortunately, the code now looks somewhat ugly, and using named parameters to initialize the class also becomes less elegant: new Derived( _x = "string" ) There is also a risk of forgetting to give the derived classes' initialization parameters different names and inadvertently referring to the wrong field (undesirable since the Base class might actually hold a different value). Is there a better way? Edit: To clarify, I really only want the Base values; the Derived ones just seem necessary for initializing the Base ones. The example only references them to illustrate the ensuing issues. It might be nice to have a way to suppress automatic field generation if the derived class would otherwise end up hiding a base class field.

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• How to use URLClassLoader to load a *.class file?

  - by DeletedAccount

  I'm playing around with Reflection and I thought I'd make something which loads a class and prints the names of all fields in the class. I've made a small hello world type of class to have something to inspect: kent@rat:~/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin$ ls IndependentClass.class kent@rat:~/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin$ java IndependentClass Hello! Goodbye! kent@rat:~/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin$ pwd /home/kent/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin kent@rat:~/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin$ Based on the above I draw two conclusions: It exists at /home/kent/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin/IndependentClass.class It works! (So it must be a proper .class-file which can be loaded by a class loader) Then the code which is to use Reflection: (Line which causes an exception is marked) import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLClassLoader; public class InspectClass { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, MalformedURLException { URL classUrl; classUrl = new URL("file:///home/kent/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin/IndependentClass.class"); URL[] classUrls = { classUrl }; URLClassLoader ucl = new URLClassLoader(classUrls); Class c = ucl.loadClass("IndependentClass"); // LINE 14 for(Field f: c.getDeclaredFields()) { System.out.println("Field name" + f.getName()); } } } But when I run it I get: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: IndependentClass at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:200) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:188) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:251) at InspectClass.main(InspectClass.java:14) My questions: What am I doing wrong above? How do I fix it? Is there a way to load several class files and iterate over them?

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• I'm making a simulated tv

  - by Jam

  I need to make a tv that shows the user the channel and the volume, and shows whether or not the television is on. I have the majority of the code made, but for some reason the channels won't switch. I'm fairly unfamiliar with how properties work, and I think that's what my problem here is. Help please. class Television(object): def __init__(self, __channel=1, volume=1, is_on=0): self.__channel=__channel self.volume=volume self.is_on=is_on def __str__(self): if self.is_on==1: print "The tv is on" print self.__channel print self.volume else: print "The television is off." def toggle_power(self): if self.is_on==1: self.is_on=0 return self.is_on if self.is_on==0: self.is_on=1 return self.is_on def get_channel(self): return channel def set_channel(self, choice): if self.is_on==1: if choice>=0 and choice<=499: channel=self.__channel else: print "Invalid channel!" else: print "The television isn't on!" channel=property(get_channel, set_channel) def raise_volume(self, up=1): if self.is_on==1: self.volume+=up if self.volume>=10: self.volume=10 print "Max volume!" else: print "The television isn't on!" def lower_volume(self, down=1): if self.is_on==1: self.volume-=down if self.volume<=0: self.volume=0 print "Muted!" else: print "The television isn't on!" def main(): tv=Television() choice=None while choice!="0": print \ """ Television 0 - Exit 1 - Toggle Power 2 - Change Channel 3 - Raise Volume 4 - Lower Volume """ choice=raw_input("Choice: ") print if choice=="0": print "Good-bye." elif choice=="1": tv.toggle_power() tv.__str__() elif choice=="2": change=raw_input("What would you like to change the channel to?") tv.set_channel(change) tv.__str__() elif choice=="3": tv.raise_volume() tv.__str__() elif choice=="4": tv.lower_volume() tv.__str__() else: print "\nSorry, but", choice, "isn't a valid choice." main() raw_input("Press enter to exit.")

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• Problem with for-loop in python

  - by Protean

  This code is supposed to be able to sort the items in self.array based upon the order of the characters in self.order. The method sort runs properly until the third iteration, unil for some reason the for loop seems to repeat indefinitely. What is going on here? class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.array = ['ca', 'bd', 'ac', 'ab'] #An array of strings self.arrayt = [] self.globali = 0 self.globalii = 0 self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] #Order of characters self.orderi = 0 self.carry = [] self.leave = [] self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self): for arrayi in self.arrayt: #This should only loop for the number items in self.arrayt. However, the third time this is run it seems to loop indefinitely. print ('run', arrayi) #Shows the problem if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: self.carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: self.leave.append(arrayi) def srt(self): self.arrayt = self.array my.sort() #First this runs the first time. while len(self.sortedlist) != len(self.array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(self.carry) self.arrayt = self.leave self.leave = [] self.carry = [] self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 my.sort() elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: #Because nothing matches 'aa' during the second iteration, this code runs the third time" self.arrayt = self.leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort() else: self.arrayt = self.array self.globalii += 1 self.orderi = self.globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort() self.orderi = 0 else: #This is what runs the second time. self.arrayt = self.carry self.carry = [] self.globali += 1 my.sort() my = sorting_class() my.srt()

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• How to add a class to just upper element of trigger with Jquery?

  - by Ahmet Kemal

  Hello, I am working on a Jquery accordion stuff. I want to add a class to the div that contains the accordion trigger <a> tag. You can look at my code. I want to add "first" class name to just first "newsitems" class when clicked "Recession fashion in Japan Video" title. <!-- news items starts--> <div class="newsitems"> <h3 class="business"> <a href="#" title="expand"><img src="images/expand_icon.gif" alt="collapse" class="collpase" /> Recession fashion in Japan Video</a> </h3> <p class="timestamp">0100hrs</p> </div> <!-- news items ends--> <!-- news items starts--> <div class="newsitems"> <h3 class="sports"> <a href="#" title="expand"><img src="images/expand_icon.gif" alt="collapse" class="collpase" /> Murray survives five-set thriller at Wimbledon</a> </h3> <p class="timestamp">0100hrs</p> </div> <!-- news items ends-->

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• How would you code an efficient Circular Buffer in Java or C#

  - by Cheeso

  I want a simple class that implements a fixed-size circular buffer. It should be efficient, easy on the eyes, generically typed. EDIT: It need not be MT-capable, for now. I can always add a lock later, it won't be high-concurrency in any case. Methods should be: .Add and I guess .List, where I retrieve all the entries. On second thought, Retrieval I think should be done via an indexer. At any moment I will want to be able to retrieve any element in the buffer by index. But keep in mind that from one moment to the next Element[n] may be different, as the Circular buffer fills up and rolls over. This isn't a stack, it's a circular buffer. Regarding "overflow": I would expect internally there would be an array holding the items, and over time the head and tail of the buffer will rotate around that fixed array. But that should be invisible from the user. There should be no externally-detectable "overflow" event or behavior. This is not a school assignment - it is most commonly going to be used for a MRU cache or a fixed-size transaction or event log.

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• [C++] A minimalistic smart array (container) class template

  - by legends2k

  I've written a (array) container class template (lets call it smart array) for using it in the BREW platform (which doesn't allow many C++ constructs like STD library, exceptions, etc. It has a very minimal C++ runtime support); while writing this my friend said that something like this already exists in Boost called MultiArray, I tried it but the ARM compiler (RVCT) cries with 100s of errors. I've not seen Boost.MultiArray's source, I've just started learning template only lately; template meta programming interests me a lot, although am not sure if this is strictly one, which can be categorised thus. So I want all my fellow C++ aficionados to review it ~ point out flaws, potential bugs, suggestions, optimisations, etc.; somthing like "you've not written your own Big Three which might lead to...". Possibly any criticism that'll help me improve this class and thereby my C++ skills. smart_array.h #include <vector> using std::vector; template <typename T, size_t N> class smart_array { vector < smart_array<T, N - 1> > vec; public: explicit smart_array(vector <size_t> &dimensions) { assert(N == dimensions.size()); vector <size_t>::iterator it = ++dimensions.begin(); vector <size_t> dimensions_remaining(it, dimensions.end()); smart_array <T, N - 1> temp_smart_array(dimensions_remaining); vec.assign(dimensions[0], temp_smart_array); } explicit smart_array(size_t dimension_1 = 1, ...) { static_assert(N > 0, "Error: smart_array expects 1 or more dimension(s)"); assert(dimension_1 > 1); va_list dim_list; vector <size_t> dimensions_remaining(N - 1); va_start(dim_list, dimension_1); for(size_t i = 0; i < N - 1; ++i) { size_t dimension_n = va_arg(dim_list, size_t); assert(dimension_n > 0); dimensions_remaining[i] = dimension_n; } va_end(dim_list); smart_array <T, N - 1> temp_smart_array(dimensions_remaining); vec.assign(dimension_1, temp_smart_array); } smart_array<T, N - 1>& operator[](size_t index) { assert(index < vec.size() && index >= 0); return vec[index]; } size_t length() const { return vec.size(); } }; template<typename T> class smart_array<T, 1> { vector <T> vec; public: explicit smart_array(vector <size_t> &dimension) : vec(dimension[0]) { assert(dimension[0] > 0); } explicit smart_array(size_t dimension_1 = 1) : vec(dimension_1) { assert(dimension_1 > 0); } T& operator[](size_t index) { assert(index < vec.size() && index >= 0); return vec[index]; } size_t length() { return vec.size(); } }; Sample Usage: #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; int main() { // testing 1 dimension smart_array <int, 1> x(3); x[0] = 0, x[1] = 1, x[2] = 2; cout << "x.length(): " << x.length() << endl; // testing 2 dimensions smart_array <float, 2> y(2, 3); y[0][0] = y[0][1] = y[0][2] = 0; y[1][0] = y[1][1] = y[1][2] = 1; cout << "y.length(): " << y.length() << endl; cout << "y[0].length(): " << y[0].length() << endl; // testing 3 dimensions smart_array <char, 3> z(2, 4, 5); cout << "z.length(): " << z.length() << endl; cout << "z[0].length(): " << z[0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0].length(): " << z[0][0].length() << endl; z[0][0][4] = 'c'; cout << z[0][0][4] << endl; // testing 4 dimensions smart_array <bool, 4> r(2, 3, 4, 5); cout << "z.length(): " << r.length() << endl; cout << "z[0].length(): " << r[0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0].length(): " << r[0][0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0][0].length(): " << r[0][0][0].length() << endl; // testing copy constructor smart_array <float, 2> copy_y(y); cout << "copy_y.length(): " << copy_y.length() << endl; cout << "copy_x[0].length(): " << copy_y[0].length() << endl; cout << copy_y[0][0] << "\t" << copy_y[1][0] << "\t" << copy_y[0][1] << "\t" << copy_y[1][1] << "\t" << copy_y[0][2] << "\t" << copy_y[1][2] << endl; return 0; }

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• Domain validates but won't save

  - by marko

  I have the following setup. Class, say, Car that has a CarPart (belongsTo=[car:Car]). When I'm creating a Car I also want to create som default CarParts, so I do def car = new Car(bla bla bla) def part = new CarPart(car:car) Now, when I do car.validate() or part.validate() it seems fine. But when I do if(car.save && part.save() I get this exception: 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR util.JDBCExceptionReporter - Batch entry 0 insert into car_part (version, car_id, id) values ('0', '297', '298') was aborted. Call getNextException to see the cause. 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR util.JDBCExceptionReporter - ERROR: value too long for type character varying(6) 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR events.PatchedDefaultFlushEventListener - Could not synchronize database state with session org.hibernate.exception.DataException: Could not execute JDBC batch update Stacktrace follows: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Batch entry 0 insert into car_part (version, deal_id, id) values ('0', '297', '298') was aborted. Call getNextException to see the cause. at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement$BatchResultHandler.handleError(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:2621) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1837) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:407) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeBatch(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:2754) at $Proxy20.flush(Unknown Source) at ristretto.DealController$_closure5.doCall(DealController.groovy:109) at ristretto.DealController$_closure5.doCall(DealController.groovy) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) Any ideas?

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• Injecting a dependancy into a base class

  - by Jamie Dixon

  Hey everyone, I'm on a roll today with questions. I'm starting out with Dependency Injection and am having some trouble injecting a dependency into a base class. I have a BaseController controller which my other controllers inherit from. Inside of this base controller I do a number of checks such as determining if the user has the right privileges to view the current page, checking for the existence of some session variables etc. I have a dependency inside of this base controller that I'd like to inject using Ninject however when I set this up as I would for my other dependencies I'm told by the compiler that: Error 1 'MyProject.Controllers.BaseController' does not contain a constructor that takes 0 argument This makes sense but I'm just not sure how to inject this dependency. Should I be using this pattern of using a base controller at all or should I be doing this in a more efficient/correct way?

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• Learning OOP in PHP, trying to refactor my code. Can't connect to database anymore.

  - by Cortopasta

  Thought I understood how classes work, then I tried this code: class user { var $dbcon; var $dbinfo; var $con; var $error; function dbConnect() { $this->dbinfo['server'] = "localhost"; $this->dbinfo['database'] = "foolish_faith"; $this->dbinfo['user'] = "user"; $this->dbinfo['password'] = "password"; $this->con = "mysql:host=".$dbinfo['server']."; dbname=".$dbinfo['database']; $this->dbcon = new PDO($con, $dbinfo['user'], $dbinfo['password']); $this->dbcon->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); $this->error = $this->dbcon->errorInfo(); if ($error[0] != "") { print "Error!"; print_r($error); } } } Now it just spits out this error: Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'invalid data source name' in E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\dbcon.php:24 Stack trace: #0 E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\dbcon.php(24): PDO-__construct('', NULL, NULL) #1 E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\login.php(4): user-dbConnect() #2 {main} thrown in E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\dbcon.php on line 24 Can anybody see what I'm doing wrong, as I'm sure it has to do with my lack of knowledge when it comes to classes?

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• MS VC++ 6 class wizard

  - by Shane MacLaughlin

  Ok, I'm developing an application that has been in pretty much continous development over the last 16 years, from C in DOS, through various flavours of C++ and now is largely based around C++ with MFC and StingRay GUIs and various other SDKs. While I use VS 2005 for the release builds, I still use MSVC 6 for much of the GUI building, simply because ClassWizard is so much quicker in this environment than the weak equivalent tools that followed. Note that I am using ClassWizard to automatically generate code for my own user defined types (see Custom DDXs) and I like to add a lot of member variables and methods in one go. Creating them one at a time as per later versions of Visual Studio for me is a big backward step. At the same time, working with multiple IDEs is also a pain. My question is in two parts; Is there any way of getting ClassWizard to work is VS 2005 or VS 2008? Is there any drop in replacement, or alternative IDE, that provides similar levels of productivty for old C++ hacks such as myself?

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• Java Matrix Transpose strangeness going on

  - by user1459976

  ok so im making my own Matrix class. and i have a transpose method that transposes a matrix. this is the block in the main method Matrix m1 = new Matrix(4,2); m1.fillMatrix(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8); System.out.println("before " + m1.toString()); m1.transpose(); System.out.println("after " + m1.toString()); this is where it gets messed up, at m1.transpose(); in the transpose() method public Matrix transpose() { if(isMatrix2) { Matrix tempMatrix = new Matrix(row, col); // matrix2 contents are emptied once this line is executed for(int i=0; i < row; i++) { for(int j=0; j < col; j++) tempMatrix.matrix2[i][j] = matrix2[i][j]; } so for some reason, the tempMatrix.matrix2 has the same id as this.matrix2. so when the codes executes Matrix tempMatrix = new Matrix(row,col); then the contents of this.matrix2 is emptied. anyone know what might be going on here?

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• Python OOP - object has no attribute

  - by user1744269

  I am attempting to learn how to program. I really do want to learn how to program; I love the building and design aspect of it. However, in Java and Python, I have tried and failed with programs as they pertain to objects, classes, methods.. I am trying to develop some code for a program, but im stumped. I know this is a simple error. However I am lost! I am hoping someone can guide me to a working program, but also help me learn (criticism is not only expected, but APPRECIATED). class Converter: def cTOf(self, numFrom): numFrom = self.numFrom numTo = (self.numFrom * (9/5)) + 32 print (str(numTo) + ' degrees Farenheit') return numTo def fTOc(self, numFrom): numFrom = self.numFrom numTo = ((numFrom - 32) * (5/9)) return numTo convert = Converter() numFrom = (float(input('Enter a number to convert.. '))) unitFrom = input('What unit would you like to convert from.. ') unitTo = input('What unit would you like to convert to.. ') if unitFrom == ('celcius'): convert.cTOf(numFrom) print(numTo) input('Please hit enter..') if unitFrom == ('farenheit'): convert.fTOc(numFrom) print(numTo) input('Please hit enter..')

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• User class - 'load' data

  - by John

  <?php class User { private $id; private $username; public function __construct($id = null) { $this->id = $id; if (!is_null($this->id)) { $this->load(); } } public function load() { } } ?> In the 'load' method I am going to load all the information from the current user (id) But I wonder how is the best way to load all info. I could grab all data and then just assign all private variables, but I assume there must be another "cheaper" way to get all the data so I can use as such $this-variable; And not have to ASSIGN every single data row, I select in the load method. How?

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• How do I prevent skype from starting another instance when it's already running?

  - by con-f-use

  Just a little unnecessary annoyance to fix here: Suppose you have Skype for Ubuntu running. You accidentally click on the launcher again. The way it is now, Skype starts a second instance, which promptly tells you it can't log in. There is another instance already running. To make things worse: On the next regular start of Skype it you will have to re-enter your saved password, due to the "Sign in failure". I thought this would be fixed soon but neither Canonical nor Microsoft care enough. The annoyance continues to exist for the last three updates at least. So in an approach to provide a workaround I will post what I've done to prevent this behaviour. Maybe it's useful for some of you. Maybe it will rise awareness and cause a fix. I'm happy for any better solution btw. and that's the real purpose of my question. Usually I don't answer them myself. So doesn anyone know of a better solution to fix dual instancing of Skype?

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• Is it better to load up a class with methods or extend member functionality in a local subclass?

  - by Calvin Fisher

  Which is better? Class #1: public class SearchClass { public SearchClass (string ProgramName) { /* Searches LocalFile objects, handles exceptions, and puts results into m_Results. */ } DateTime TimeExecuted; bool OperationSuccessful; protected List<LocalFile> m_Results; public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> Results { get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile>(m_Results); } } #region Results Filters public DateTime OldestFileModified { get { /* Does what it says. */ } } public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ((from x in m_Results where x.FileTypeID != FileTypeIDs.ProcessFile select x).ToList()); } #endregion } Or class #2: public class SearchClass { public SearchClass (string ProgramName) { /* Searches LocalFile objects, handles exceptions, and puts results into m_Results. */ } DateTime TimeExecuted; bool OperationSuccessful; protected List<LocalFile> m_Results; public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> Results { get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile>(m_Results); } } public class SearchResults : ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> { public SearchResults(IList<LocalFile> iList) : base(iList) { } #region Results Filters public DateTime OldestFileModified { get { /* Does what it says. */ } } public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ((from x in this where x.FileTypeID != FileTypeIDs.ProcessFile select x).ToList()); } #endregion } } ...with the implication that OperationSuccessful is accompanied by a number of more interesting properties on how the operation went, and OldestFileModified and ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() also have several more siblings in the Results Filters section.

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• Is there a language or design pattern that allows the *removal* of object behavior or properties in a class hierarchy?

  - by Sebastien Diot

  A well-know shortcoming of traditional class hierarchies is that they are bad when it comes to model the real world. As an example, trying to represent animals species with classes. There are actually several problems when doing that, but one that I never saw a solution to is when a sub-class "looses" a behavior or properties that was defined in a super-class, like a penguin not being able to fly (there are probably better examples, but that's the first one that comes to my mind, having seen "Madagascar 2" recently). On the one hand, you don't want to define for every property and behavior some flag that specifies if it is at all present, and check it every time before accessing that behavior or property. You would just like to say that birds can fly, simply and clearly, in the Bird class. But then it would be nice if one could define "exceptions" afterward, without having to use some horrible hacks everywhere. This often happens when a system has been productive for a while. You suddenly find an "exception" that doesn't fit in the original design at all, and you don't want to change a large portion of your code to accommodate it. So, is there some language or design patterns that can cleanly handle this problem, without requiring major changes to the "super-class", and all the code that uses it? Even if a solution only handle a specific case, several solutions might together form a complete strategy. [EDIT] Forgot about the Liskov Substitution Principle. That is why you can't do it. Assuming you define "traits/interfaces" for all major "feature groups", you can freely implement traits in different branches of the hierarchy, like the Flying trait could be implemented by Birds, and some special kind of squirrels and fish. So my question could amount to "How could I un-implement a trait?" If your super-class is a Java Serializable, you have to be one too, even if there is no way for you to serialize your state, for example if you contained a "Socket". So one way to do it is to always define all your traits in pair from the start: Flying and NotFlying (which would throw UnsupportedOperationExceiption, if not checked against). The Not-trait would not define any new interface, and could be simply checked for. Sounds like a "cheap" solution, in particular if used from the start.

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• SceneManagers as systems in entity system or as a core class used by a system?

  - by Hatoru Hansou

  It seems entity systems are really popular here. Links posted by other users convinced me of the power of such system and I decided to try it. (Well, that and my original code getting messy) In my project, I originally had a SceneManager class that maintained needed logic and structures to organize the scene (QuadTree, 2D game). Before rendering I call selectRect() and pass the x,y of the camera and the width and height of the screen and then obtain a minimized list containing only visible entities ordered from back to front. Now with Systems, originally in my first attempt my Render system required to get added all entities it should handle. This may sound like the correct approach but I realized this was not efficient. Trying to optimize It I reused the SceneManager class internally in the Renderer system, but then I realized I needed methods such as selectRect() in others systems too (AI principally) and make the SceneManager accessible globally again. Currently I converted SceneManager to a system, and ended up with the following interface (only relevant methods): /// Base system interface class System { public: virtual void tick (double delta_time) = 0; // (methods to add and remove entities) }; typedef std::vector<Entity*> EntitiesVector; /// Specialized system interface to allow query the scene class SceneManager: public System { public: virtual EntitiesVector& cull () = 0; /// Sets the entity to be used as the camera and replaces previous ones. virtual void setCamera (Entity* entity) = 0; }; class SceneRenderer // Not a system { vitual void render (EntitiesVector& entities) = 0; }; Also I could not guess how to convert renderers to systems. My game separates logic updates from screen updates, my main class have a tick() method and a render() method that may not be called the same times. In my first attempt renderers were systems but they was saved in a separated manager, updated only in render() and not in tick() like all other systems. I realized that was silly and simply created a SceneRenderer interface and give up about converting them to systems, but that may be for another question. Then... something does not feel right, isn't it? If I understood correctly a system should not depend on another or even count with another system exposing an specific interface. Each system should care only about its entities, or nodes (as optimization, so they have direct references to relevant components without having to constantly call the component() or getComponent() method of the entity).

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• what does composition example vs aggregation

  - by meWantToLearn

  Composition and aggregation both are confusion to me. Does my code sample below indicate composition or aggregation? class A { public static function getData($id) { //something } public static function checkUrl($url) { // something } class B { public function executePatch() { $data = A::getData(12); } public function readUrl() { $url = A::checkUrl('http/erere.com'); } public function storeData() { //something not related to class A at all } } } Is class B a composition of class A or is it aggregation of class A? Does composition purely mean that if class A gets deleted class B does not works at all and aggregation if class A gets deleted methods in class B that do not use class A will work?

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• Why use sealed instead of static on a class?

  - by sq33G

  Our system has several utility classes. Some people on our team use (A) a class with all-static methods and a private constructor. Others use (B) a class with all-static methods (these the juniors). On code analysis, (A) and (B) raise warning CA1052, which recommends marking the class as sealed. Included in the MSDN documentation there is the following advice: If you are targeting .NET Framework 2.0 or earlier, a better approach is to mark the type as static. Why does this make any sense? I would have thought the opposite; AFAIK, previous to 2.0 there was no way to mark a class as static.

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• How to import or "using" a custom class in Unity script?

  - by Bobbake4

  I have downloaded the JSONObject plugin for parsing JSON in Unity but when I use it in a script I get an error indicating JSONObject cannot be found. My question is how do I use a custom object class defined inside another class. I know I need a using directive to solve this but I am not sure of the path to these custom objects I have imported. They are in the root project folder inside JSONObject folder and class is called JSONObject. Thanks

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• Declaring interface in the same file as the base class, is it a good practice?

  - by Louis Rhys

  To be interchangable and testable, normally services with logic needs to have interface, e.g. public class FooService: IFooService { ... } Design-wise, I agree with this, but one of the things that bothers me with this approach is that for one service you will need to declare two things (the class and the interface), and in our team, normally two files (one for the class and one for the interface). Another discomfort is the difficulty in navigation because using "Go to definition" in IDE (VS2010) will point to the interface (since other classes refer to the interface), not the actual class. I was thinking that writing IFooService in the same file as FooService will reduce the above weirdness. After all, IFooService and FooService are very related. Is this a good practice? Is there a good reason that IFooService must be located in its own file?

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