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• Career day in kindergarten

  - by Péter Török

  I was invited to the kindergarten group of my elder daughter to talk and answer the kids' questions about my profession. There are 26 kids of age 4-6 in the group, plus 3 teachers who are fairly scared of anything related to programming and IT themselves, but bold enough to learn new tricks. I would have about 20-30 minutes, without projector or anything. They have an old computer though, which by its look may be a 486, and I am not even sure if it's functioning. My research turned up excellent earlier threads, with lots of good tips: How would you explain your job to a 5-year old? Career Day: how do I make “computer programmer” sound cool to 8 year olds? What things can I teach a group of children about programming in one day? My situation is different from each of the above though: the latter ones are concerned with older children, while the first one is about talking to a single kid (or elder person)—a group of 20 is a whole different challenge. How can I teach the kids and their teachers about programming in a fun way?

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• Is it possible to definitively identify whether a DML command was issued from a stored procedure?

  - by Ed Harper

  I have inherited a SQL Server 2008 database to which calling applications have access through stored procedures. Each table in the database has a shadow audit table into which Insert/Update/Delete operations for are logged. Performance testing on populating the audit tables showed that inserting the audit records using OUTPUT clauses was 20% or so faster than using triggers, so this has been implemented in the stored procedures. However, because this design cannot track changes made directly to the tables through DML statements issued directly against the tables, triggers have also been implemented which use the value of @@NESTLEVEL to determine whether or not to run the trigger (the assumption being that all DML run through stored procedures will have @@NESTLEVEL 1). i.e. the body of the trigger code looks something like: IF @@NESTLEVEL = 1 -- implies call is direct sql so generate history from here BEGIN ... insert into audit table This design is flawed because it won't track updates where DML statements are executed in dynamic SQL, or any other context where @@NESTLEVEL is raised above 1. Can anyone suggest a completely reliable method we can use in the triggers to execute them only if not triggered by a stored procedure? Or is this (as I suspect) not possible?

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• how to return response from post in a variable? jQuery

  - by robertdd

  i use this function to return the response of post: $.sendpost = function(){ return jQuery.post('inc/operations.php', {'operation':'test'}, "json"); }, i want to make something like this: in: $.another = function(){ var sendpost = $.sendpost(); alert(sendpost); } but i get: [object XMLHttpRequest] if i print the object with: jQuery.each(sendpost, function(i, val) { $(".displaydetails").append(i + " => " + val + "<br/>"); }); i get: details abort => function () { x && h.call(x); g("abort"); } dispatchEvent => function dispatchEvent() { [native code] } removeEventListener => function removeEventListener() { [native code] } open => function open() { [native code] } setRequestHeader => function setRequestHeader() { [native code] } onreadystatechange => [xpconnect wrapped nsIDOMEventListener] send => function send() { [native code] } readyState => 4 status => 200 getResponseHeader => function getResponseHeader() { [native code] } responseText => mdaaa from php how to return only the response in the variable?

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• How to use a VB usercontrol on a C# page?

  - by ks78

  Hopefully someone will be able to point me in the right direction. I've created a usercontrol in VB that handles paging more efficiently than the DataPager (at least for very large datasets). I'd like to use it in a C# project, but I've been having trouble getting it to work. I've tried simply adding PagingControl.ascx to the C# project, but when I do that the markup and VB code behind don't seem to see each other. --Is this a namespace issue? I've tried adding the PagingControl.ascx to its own VB project, then adding that project to the C# project's solution, as well as a reference. --That almost works. I can register the PagingControl usercontrol in the markup. I can access the usercontrol's properties in the code behind, but any property that involves the UI of the usercontrol fails. Its seems as if the usercontrol's form hasn't had a chance to load by the time the C# page's Page_Load event handler fires. --Maybe this is an "order of operations" problem? At what point in the C# page's lifetime should a usercontrol's form be loaded? If anyone has any ideas or insight, I'd really appreciate it. Thanks in advance.

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• iPhone: How to Determine Average Light/Dark of an Area of an UIImage

  - by TechZen

  I need to place labels with a transparent background over a variable-content UIImage. Readability will vary significantly depending on the relationship between the color of the label's text and the color/luminosity of the area of the image displayed under the label. Since the image will be constantly changing, the color of the label's text needs to change in sync. I have found several techniques for determining the color, perceived luminosity etc of a single pixel. However, I need to rather quickly (while a view loads) determine the rough perceived color/luminosity of an area of the UIImage under the frame of the UILabel. I presume I will also need to measure the alpha because the same color/luminosity looks different at different alpha values. Is there a way to calculate such a value for an area? Will I be reduced to simply summing pixels? If it comes to that, is there an algorithm to accomplish this? I've thought of two possible approaches: Perform some "folding" operations i.e. combining pixels from one half of the area to the other half. Then repeat until I get a single value. Would this be practical? How would you logically combine pixels to average their perceived color/luminosity? Sample a statistically significant number of pixels in the area and then combine them (somehow) to get a rough measure. I think this problem comes up a lot these days with people being so found of customizing backgrounds. Seems like something that would be worth my time to bang out a category or class to handle this and then share it around.

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• How to upload files to server using JSP/Servlet?

  - by Thang Pham

  How can I upload files to server using JSP/Servlet? I tried this: <form action="upload" method="post"> <input type="text" name="description" /> <input type="file" name="file" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> However, I only get the file name, not the file content. When I add enctype="multipart/form-data" to the <form>, then request.getParameter() returns null. During research I stumbled upon Apache Common FileUpload. I tried this: FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); List items = upload.parseRequest(request); // This line is where it died. Unfortunately, the servlet threw an exception without a clear message and cause. Here is the stacktrace: SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet UploadServlet threw exception javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet execution threw an exception at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:313) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:298) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:852) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:588) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:637)

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• New record may be written twice in clusterd index structure

  - by Cupidvogel

  As per the article at Microsoft, under the Test 1: INSERT Performance section, it is written that For the table with the clustered index, only a single write operation is required since the leaf nodes of the clustered index are data pages (as explained in the section Clustered Indexes and Heaps), whereas for the table with the nonclustered index, two write operations are required—one for the entry into the index B-tree and another for the insert of the data itself. I don't think that is necessarily true. Clustered Indexes are implemented through B+ tree structures, right? If you look at at this article, which gives a simple example of inserting into a B+ tree, we can see that when 8 is initially inserted, it is written only once, but then when 5 comes in, it is written to the root node as well (thus written twice, albeit not initially at the time of insertion). Also when 8 comes in next, it is written twice, once at the root and then at the leaf. So won't it be correct to say, that the number of rewrites in case of a clustered index is much less compared to a NIC structure (where it must occur every time), instead of saying that rewrite doesn't occur in CI at all?

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• How should I organize complex SQL views in Rails?

  - by Benjamin Oakes

  I manage a research database with Ruby on Rails. The data that is entered is primarily used by scientists who prefer to have all the relevant information for a study in one single massive table for use in their statistics software of choice. I'm currently presenting it as CSV, as it's very straightforward to do and compatible with the tools people want to use. I've written many views (the SQL kind, not the Rails HTML/ERB kind) to make the output they expect a reality. Some of these views are quite large and have a fair amount of complexity behind them. I wrote them in SQL because there are many calculations and comparisons that are more easily done with SQL. They're currently loaded into the database straight from a file named views.sql. To get the requested data, I do a select * from my_view;. The views.sql file is getting quite large. Part of the problem is that we're still figuring out what the data we collect means, so there's a lot of changes being made to the views all the time -- and a ton of them are being created. Many of them need to be repeatable. I've recently run into issues organizing and testing these views. Rails works great for user interface stuff and business logic, but I'm not aware of much existing structure for handling the reporting we require. Some options I've thought of: Should I move them into the most relevant models somehow? Several of the views interact with each other, which makes this situation more complex than just doing a single find_by_sql, so I don't know if they should only be part of the model. Perhaps they should be treated as a "view" in the MVC sense? (That is, they could be moved into app/views/ and live alongside the HTML, perhaps as files named something like my_view.csv.sql which return CSV.) How would you deal with a complex reporting problem like this?

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• Domain model for an optional many-many relationship

  - by Greg

  Let's say I'm modeling phone numbers. I have one entity for PhoneNumber, and one for Person. There's a link table that expresses the link (if any) between the PhoneNumber and Person. The link table also has a field for DisplayOrder. When accessing my domain model, I have several Use Cases for viewing a Person. I can look at them without any PhoneNumber information. I can look at them for a specific PhoneNumber. I can look at them and all of their current (or past) PhoneNumbers. I'm trying to model Person, not only for the standard CRUD operations, but for the (un)assignment of PhoneNumbers to a Person. I'm having trouble expressing the relationship between the two, especially with respects to the DisplayOrder property. I can think of several solutions but I'm not sure of which (if any) would be best. A PhoneNumberPerson class that has a Person and PhoneNumber property (most closely resembles database design) A PhoneCarryingPerson class that inherits from Person and has a PhoneNumber property. A PhoneNumber and/or PhoneNumbers property on Person (and vis-a-versa, a Person property on PhoneNumber) What would be a good way to model this that makes sense from a domain model perspective? How do I avoid misplaced properties (DisplayOrder on Person) or conditionally populated properties?

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• Coding Practices which enable the compiler/optimizer to make a faster program.

  - by EvilTeach

  Many years ago, C compilers were not particularly smart. As a workaround K&R invented the register keyword, to hint to the compiler, that maybe it would be a good idea to keep this variable in an internal register. They also made the tertiary operator to help generate better code. As time passed, the compilers matured. They became very smart in that their flow analysis allowing them to make better decisions about what values to hold in registers than you could possibly do. The register keyword became unimportant. FORTRAN can be faster than C for some sorts of operations, due to alias issues. In theory with careful coding, one can get around this restriction to enable the optimizer to generate faster code. What coding practices are available that may enable the compiler/optimizer to generate faster code? Identifying the platform and compiler you use, would be appreciated. Why does the technique seem to work? Sample code is encouraged. Here is a related question [Edit] This question is not about the overall process to profile, and optimize. Assume that the program has been written correctly, compiled with full optimization, tested and put into production. There may be constructs in your code that prohibit the optimizer from doing the best job that it can. What can you do to refactor that will remove these prohibitions, and allow the optimizer to generate even faster code? [Edit] Offset related link

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• How to implement message queuing and handling in AWS with NServiceBus

  - by Pete Lunenfeld

  I am creating a new ASP MVC order application in the Amazon (AWS) cloud with the persistence layer at my local datacenter. I will be using the CQRS pattern. The goal of the project is high availability using Queue(s) to store and forward writes (commands/events) that can be picked up and handled asynchronously at my local datacenter. Then, ff the WAN or my local datacenter fails, my cloud MVC app can still take orders and just queue them up until processing can resume. My first thought was to use AWS SQS for the queuing and create my own queue consumer/dispatcher/handler in my own c# application to process the incoming messages/events. MVC (@ Amazon) -- Event/POCO -- SQS -- QueueReader (@ my datacenter) -- DB Then I found NServiceBus. NSB seems to handle lots of details very nicely: message handling, retries, error handling, etc. I hate to reinvent the wheel, and NServiceBus seems like a full featured and mature product that would be perfect for me. But on further research, it does NOT look like NServiceBus is really meant to be used over the WAN in physically separated environments (Cloud to my Datacenter). Google and SO don't really paint a good picture of using NServiceBus across the WAN like I need. How can I use NServiceBus across the WAN? Or is there a better solution to handle queuing and message handling between Amazon an my local datacenter?

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• Return latitude/longitude based on entered address

  - by Don

  I'm building a php based application for a client to enter in addresses for their customers' buildings. They'd like the ability to view the location on a map (either as individuals or grouped in a city search). What I'm trying to accomplish is a lookup once the address is entered into a form that populates the database, so after they enter in the addresss, city, state, zip (these are all US locations) they could click a "get lat/long info" link/button that would check to make sure the data is complete, then would lookup the address and return the latitude/longitude into the appropriate form fields. Then the form could be submitted to store the info, and I could later just pull the lat/long when plotting on a map. 1) Does this make sense, or would I be better off just doing the lookup when it's time to plot it? 2) Does anyone have any pointers to solve this problem? I've seen some of the Google/Yahoo API's but it looks like this is more based on the plotting a point part. I may be able to modify it to suit my needs, but I'm just trying to cut some research time posting here with the hopes one of you may have a more direct route. I'll RTFM if I have to... Thanks, D.

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• The CLR has been unable to transition from COM context [...] for 60 seconds

  - by BlueRaja The Green Unicorn

  I am getting this error on code that used to work. I have not changed the code. Here is the full error: The CLR has been unable to transition from COM context 0x3322d98 to COM context 0x3322f08 for 60 seconds. The thread that owns the destination context/apartment is most likely either doing a non pumping wait or processing a very long running operation without pumping Windows messages. This situation generally has a negative performance impact and may even lead to the application becoming non responsive or memory usage accumulating continually over time. To avoid this problem, all single threaded apartment (STA) threads should use pumping wait primitives (such as CoWaitForMultipleHandles) and routinely pump messages during long running operations. And here is the code that caused it: var openFileDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog(); openFileDialog1.DefaultExt = "mdb"; openFileDialog1.Filter = "Management Database (manage.mdb)|manage.mdb"; //Stalls indefinitely on the following line, then gives the CLR error //one minute later. The dialog never opens. if(openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { .... } Yes, I am sure the dialog is not open in the background, and no, I don't have any explicit COM code or unmanaged marshalling or multithreading. I have no idea why the OpenFileDialog won't open - any ideas?

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• Handling Types Defined in Plug-ins That Are No Longer Available

  - by Chris

  I am developing a .NET framework application that allows users to maintain and save "projects". A project can consist of components whose types are defined in the assemblies of the framework itself and/or in third-party assemblies that will be made available to the framework via a yet-to-be-built plug-in architecture. When a project is saved, it is simply binary-serialised to file. Projects are portable, so multiple users can load the same project into their own instances of the framework (just as different users may open the same MSWord document in their own local copies of MSWord). What's more, the plug-ins available to one user's framework might not be available to that of another. I need some way of ensuring that when a user attempts to open (i.e. deserialise) a project that includes a type whose defining assembly cannot be found (either because of a framework version incompatibility or the absence of a plug-in), the project still opens but the offending type is somehow substituted or omitted. Trouble is, the research I've done to date does not even hint at a suitable approach. Any ideas would be much appreciated, thanks.

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• Division by zero: Undefined Behavior or Implementation Defined in C and/or C++ ?

  - by SiegeX

  Regarding division by zero, the standards say: C99 6.5.5p5 - The result of the / operator is the quotient from the division of the first operand by the second; the result of the % operator is the remainder. In both operations, if the value of the second operand is zero, the behavior is undefined. C++03 5.6.4 - The binary / operator yields the quotient, and the binary % operator yields the remainder from the division of the first expression by the second. If the second operand of / or % is zero the behavior is undefined. If we were to take the above paragraphs at face value, the answer is clearly Undefined Behavior for both languages. However, if we look further down in the C99 standard we see the following paragraph which appears to be contradictory(1): C99 7.12p4 - The macro INFINITY expands to a constant expression of type float representing positive or unsigned infinity, if available; Do the standards have some sort of golden rule where Undefined Behavior cannot be superseded by a (potentially) contradictory statement? Barring that, I don't think it's unreasonable to conclude that if your implementation defines the INFINITY macro, division by zero is defined to be such. However, if your implementation does not define such a macro, the behavior is Undefined. I'm curious what the consensus on this matter for each of the two languages. Would the answer change if we are talking about integer division int i = 1 / 0 versus floating point division float i = 1.0 / 0.0 ? Note (1) The C++03 standard talks about the library which includes the INFINITY macro.

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• Why not put all braces inline in C++/C#/Java/javascript etc.?

  - by DanM

  Of all the conventions out there for positioning braces in C++, C#, Java, etc., I don't think I've ever seen anyone try to propose something like this: public void SomeMethod(int someInput, string someOtherInput) { if (someInput > 5) { var addedNumber = someInput + 5; var subtractedNumber = someInput - 5; } else { var addedNumber = someInput + 10; var subtractedNumber = someInput; } } public void SomeOtherMethod(int someInput, string someOtherInput( { ... } But why not? I'm sure it would take some getting used to, but I personally don't have any difficulty following what's going on here. I believe indentation is the dominant factor in being able to see how code is organized into blocks and sub-blocks. Braces are just visual noise to me. They are these ugly things that take up lines where I don't want them. Maybe I just feel that way because I was weened on basic (and later VB), but I just don't like braces taking up lines. If I want a gap between blocks, I can always add an empty line, but I don't like being forced to have gaps simply because the convention says the closing brace needs to be on its own line. I made this a community wiki because I realize this is not a question with a defined answer. I'm just curious what people think. I know that no one does this currently (at least, not that I've seen), and I know that the auto-formatter in my IDE doesn't support it, but are there are any other solid reasons not to format code this way, assuming you are working with a modern IDE that color codes and auto-indents? Are there scenarios where it will become a readability nightmare? Better yet, are you aware of any research on this?

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• Python optimization problem?

  - by user342079

  Alright, i had this homework recently (don't worry, i've already done it, but in c++) but I got curious how i could do it in python. The problem is about 2 light sources that emit light. I won't get into details tho. Here's the code (that I've managed to optimize a bit in the latter part): import math, array import numpy as np from PIL import Image size = (800,800) width, height = size s1x = width * 1./8 s1y = height * 1./8 s2x = width * 7./8 s2y = height * 7./8 r,g,b = (255,255,255) arr = np.zeros((width,height,3)) hy = math.hypot print 'computing distances (%s by %s)'%size, for i in xrange(width): if i%(width/10)==0: print i, if i%20==0: print '.', for j in xrange(height): d1 = hy(i-s1x,j-s1y) d2 = hy(i-s2x,j-s2y) arr[i][j] = abs(d1-d2) print '' arr2 = np.zeros((width,height,3),dtype="uint8") for ld in [200,116,100,84,68,52,36,20,8,4,2]: print 'now computing image for ld = '+str(ld) arr2 *= 0 arr2 += abs(arr%ld-ld/2)*(r,g,b)/(ld/2) print 'saving image...' ar2img = Image.fromarray(arr2) ar2img.save('ld'+str(ld).rjust(4,'0')+'.png') print 'saved as ld'+str(ld).rjust(4,'0')+'.png' I have managed to optimize most of it, but there's still a huge performance gap in the part with the 2 for-s, and I can't seem to think of a way to bypass that using common array operations... I'm open to suggestions :D

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• Node & Redis: Crucial Design Issues in Production Mode

  - by Ali

  This question is a hybrid one, being both technical and system design related. I'm developing the backend of an application that will handle approx. 4K request per second. We are using Node.js being super fast and in terms of our database struction we are using MongoDB, with Redis being a layer between Node and MongoDB handling volatile operations. I'm quite stressed because we are expecting concurrent requests that we need to handle carefully and we are quite close to launch. However I do not believe I've applied the correct approach on redis. I have a class Student, and they constantly change stages(such as 'active', 'doing homework','in lesson' etc. Thus I created a Redis DB for each state. (1 for being 'active', 2 for being 'doing homework'). Above I have the structure of the 'active' students table; xa5p - JSON stringified object #1 pQrW - JSON stringified object #2 active_student_table - {{studentId:'xa5p'}, {studentId:'pQrW'}} Since there is no 'select all keys method' in Redis, I've been suggested to use a set such that when I run command 'smembers' I receive the keys and later on do 'get' for each id in order to find a specific user (lets say that age older than 15). I've been also suggested that in fact I used never use keys in production mode. My question is, no matter how 'conceptual' it is, what specific things I should avoid doing in Node & Redis in production stage?. Are they any issues related to my design? Students must be objects and I sure can list them in a list but I haven't done yet. Is it that crucial in production stage?

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• Flexible forms and supporting database structure

  - by sunwukung

  I have been tasked with creating an application that allows administrators to alter the content of the user input form (i.e. add arbitrary fields) - the contents of which get stored in a database. Think Modx/Wordpress/Expression Engine template variables. The approach I've been looking at is implementing concrete tables where the specification is consistent (i.e. user profiles, user content etc) and some generic field data tables (i.e. text, boolean) to store non-specific values. Forms (and model fields) would be generated by first querying the tables and retrieving the relevant columns - although I've yet to think about how I would setup validation. I've taken a look at this problem, and it seems to be indicating an EAV type approach - which, from my brief research - looks like it could be a greater burden than the blessings it's flexibility would bring. I've read a couple of posts here, however, which suggest this is a dangerous route: How to design a generic database whose layout may change over time? Dynamic Database Schema I'd appreciate some advice on this matter if anyone has some to give regards SWK

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• Show NSSegmentedControl menu when segment clicked, despite having set action

  - by Justin Williams

  I have an NSSegmentedControl on my UI with 4 buttons. The control is connected to a method that will call different methods depending on which segment is clicked: - (IBAction)performActionFromClick:(id)sender { NSInteger selectedSegment = [sender selectedSegment]; NSInteger clickedSegmentTag = [[sender cell] tagForSegment:selectedSegment]; switch (clickedSegmentTag) { case 0: [self showNewEventWindow:nil]; break; case 1: [self showNewTaskWindow:nil]; break; case 2: [self toggleTaskSplitView:nil]; break; case 3: [self showGearMenu]; break; } } Segment 4 has has a menu attached to it in the awakeFromNib method. I'd like this menu to drop down when the user clicks the segment. At this point, it only will drop if the user clicks & holds down on the menu. From my research online this is because of the connected action. I'm presently working around it by using some code to get the origin point of the segment control and popping up the context menu using NSMenu's popUpContextMenu:withEvent:forView but this is pretty hacktastic and looks bad compared to the standard behavior of having the menu drop down below the segmented control cell. Is there a way I can have the menu drop down as it should after a single click rather than doing the hacky context menu thing?

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• Can the Subversion client (svn) derefence symbolic links as if they were files?

  - by Ryan B. Lynch

  I have a directory on a Linux system that mostly contains symlinks to files on a different filesystem. I'd like to add the directory to a Subversion repository, dereferencing the symlinks in the process (treating them as the files they point to, rather than links). Generally, I'd like to be able to handle any working-copy operations with this behavior, but the 'svn add' command is where it starts, I think. The SVN client utility doesn't appear to have any options related to symlink dereferencing in the working copy. I didn't find any references to this in the manual (http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/index.html), either. I found a poster on the SVN users mailing list who asked the same question but never received an answer, here: http://markmail.org/message/ngchfnzlmm43yj7h (That poster ended up using hard links instead of symlinks. That technique is not an option, in my case, because the real underlying files reside on a separate filesystem.) I'm using Subversion v1.6.1 on Fedora 11. For what it's worth, I know that there are alternative tools/techniques that could help approximate this behavior, but which I have to discard for various reasons. I've already considered [and dust-binned] these possibilities: - a "union" mount, merging all of the the directories containing the real files, with the SVN working-copy directory as the "top" layer in the union; - copying/moving the real files to the same filesystem as the SVN working-copy, and using hardlinks instead of symlinks; - non-SVN version control systems. These were all neat ideas, and I'm sure they are good solutions to other problems, but they won't work given the constraints of this environment and situation.

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• Python Tkinter comparing PhotoImage objects

  - by Kyle Schmidt

  In a simple LightsOut game, when I click on a light I need to toggle the image on a button. I'm doing this with Tkinter, so I thought I'd just check and see what image is currently on the button (either 'on.gif' or 'off.gif') and set it to the other one, like this: def click(self,x,y): if self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.off) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.off else: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.on) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on This ends up always being True - I can turn a lgiht off, but never turn it back on. Did some research, realized that I should probably be using cmp: def click(self,x,y): if cmp(self.buttons[x][y].image,self.on) == 0: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.off) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.off else: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.on) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on But that gave me the exact same result. Both self.on and self.off are PhotoImage objects. Aside from keeping a separate set of lists which tracks what type of light is in each position and redrawing them every click, is there a way to directly compare two PhotoImage objects like this?

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• How would I go about sharing variables in a C++ class with Lua?

  - by Nicholas Flynt

  I'm fairly new to Lua, I've been working on trying to implement Lua scripting for logic in a Game Engine I'm putting together. I've had no trouble so far getting Lua up and running through the engine, and I'm able to call Lua functions from C and C functions from Lua. The way the engine works now, each Object class contains a set of variables that the engine can quickly iterate over to draw or process for physics. While game objects all need to access and manipulate these variables in order for the Game Engine itself to see any changes, they are free to create their own variables, a Lua is exceedingly flexible about this so I don't forsee any issues. Anyway, currently the Game Engine side of things are sitting in C land, and I really want them to stay there for performance reasons. So in an ideal world, when spawning a new game object, I'd need to be able to give Lua read/write access to this standard set of variables as part of the Lua object's base class, which its game logic could then proceed to run wild with. So far, I'm keeping two separate tables of objects in place-- Lua spawns a new game object which adds itself to a numerically indexed global table of objects, and then proceeds to call a C++ function, which creates a new GameObject class and registers the Lua index (an int) with the class. So far so good, C++ functions can now see the Lua object and easily perform operations or call functions in Lua land using dostring. What I need to do now is take the C++ variables, part of the GameObject class, and expose them to Lua, and this is where google is failing me. I've encountered a very nice method here which details the process using tags, but I've read that this method is deprecated in favor of metatables. What is the ideal way to accomplish this? Is it worth the hassle of learning how to pass class definitions around using libBind or some equivalent method, or is there a simple way I can just register each variable (once, at spawn time) with the global lua object? What's the "current" best way to do this, as of Lua 5.1.4?

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• Extracting noun+noun or (adj|noun)+noun from Text

  - by ssuhan

  I would like to query if it is possible to extract noun+noun or (adj|noun)+noun in R package openNLP?That is, I would like to use linguistic filtering to extract candidate noun phrases. Could you direct me how to do? Many thanks. Thanks for the responses. here is the code: library("openNLP") acq <- "Gulf Applied Technologies Inc said it sold its subsidiaries engaged in pipeline and terminal operations for 12.2 mln dlrs. The company said the sale is subject to certain post closing adjustments, which it did not explain. Reuter." acqTag <- tagPOS(acq) acqTagSplit = strsplit(acqTag," ") acqTagSplit qq = 0 tag = 0 for (i in 1:length(acqTagSplit[[1]])){ qq[i] <-strsplit(acqTagSplit[[1]][i],'/') tag[i] = qq[i][[1]][2] } index = 0 k = 0 for (i in 1:(length(acqTagSplit[[1]])-1)) { if ((tag[i] == "NN" && tag[i+1] == "NN") | (tag[i] == "NNS" && tag[i+1] == "NNS") | (tag[i] == "NNS" && tag[i+1] == "NN") | (tag[i] == "NN" && tag[i+1] == "NNS") | (tag[i] == "JJ" && tag[i+1] == "NN") | (tag[i] == "JJ" && tag[i+1] == "NNS")){ k = k +1 index[k] = i } } index Reader can refer index on acqTagSplit to do noun+noun or (adj|noun)+noun extractation. (The code is not optimum but work. If you have any idea, please let me know.) Furthermore, I still have a problem. Justeson and Katz (1995) proposed another linguistic filtering to extract candidate noun phrases: ((Adj|Noun)+|((Adj|Noun)(Noun-Prep)?)(Adj|Noun))Noun I cannot well understand its meaning, could someone do me a favor to explain it or transform such representation into R language

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• Compact data structure for storing a large set of integral values

  - by Odrade

  I'm working on an application that needs to pass around large sets of Int32 values. The sets are expected to contain ~1,000,000-50,000,000 items, where each item is a database key in the range 0-50,000,000. I expect distribution of ids in any given set to be effectively random over this range. The operations I need on the set are dirt simple: Add a new value Iterate over all of the values. There is a serious concern about the memory usage of these sets, so I'm looking for a data structure that can store the ids more efficiently than a simple List<int>or HashSet<int>. I've looked at BitArray, but that can be wasteful depending on how sparse the ids are. I've also considered a bitwise trie, but I'm unsure how to calculate the space efficiency of that solution for the expected data. A Bloom Filter would be great, if only I could tolerate the false negatives. I would appreciate any suggestions of data structures suitable for this purpose. I'm interested in both out-of-the-box and custom solutions. EDIT: To answer your questions: No, the items don't need to be sorted By "pass around" I mean both pass between methods and serialize and send over the wire. I clearly should have mentioned this. There could be a decent number of these sets in memory at once (~100).

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