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• Looking for literature about graphics pipeline optimization

  - by zacharmarz

  I am looking for some books, articles or tutorials about graphics architecture and graphics pipeline optimizations. It shouldn't be too old (2008 or newer) - the newer, the better. I have found something in [Optimising the Graphics Pipeline, NVIDIA, Koji Ashida] - too old, [Real-time rendering, Akenine Moller], [OpenGL Bindless Extensions, NVIDIA, Jeff Bolz], [Efficient multifragment effects on graphics processing units, Louis Frederic Bavoil] and some internet discussions. But there is not too much information and I want to read more. It should contain something about application, driver, memory and shader units communication and data transfers. About vertices and attributes. Also pre and post T&L cache (if they still exist in nowadays architectures) etc. I don't need anything about textures, frame buffers and rasterization. It can also be about OpenGL (not about DirecX) and optimizing extensions (not old extensions like VBOs, but newer like vertex_buffer_unified_memory).

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• What can programmers learn from the construction industry?

  - by Renesis

  When talking with colleagues about software design and development principles, I've noticed one of the most common sources for analogies is the construction industry. We build software and we consider the design and structure to be the architecture. One of the best ways to learn (or teach) are through analyzing analogies - what other analogies can be drawn from construction? (whether already in common use in software or not). Please provide a description, or your personal experience, regarding how the programming concept is similar to the construction concept. [Credit to Programming concepts taken from the arts and humanities for the idea]

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• How should modules access data outside their scope?

  - by Joe

  I run into this same problem quite often. First, I create a namespace and then add modules to this namespace. Then issue I always run into is how best to initialize the application? Naturally, each module has its own startup procedure so should this data(not code in some cases, just a list of items to run) stay with the module? Or should there be a startup procedure in the global namespace which has the startup data for ALL the modules. Which is the more robust way of organizing this situation? Should some things be made centralized or should there be strict adherence to modules encapsulating everything about themselves? Though this is a general architecture questions, Javascript centric answers would be really appreciated!

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• Application layer vs domain layer?

  - by Louis Rhys

  I am reading Domain-Driven Design by Evans and I am at the part discussing the layered architecture. I just realized that application and domain layers are different and should be separate. In the project I am working on, they are kind of blended and I can't tell the difference until I read the book (and I can't say it's very clear to me now), really. My questions, since both of them concerns the logic of the application and are supposed to be clean of technical and presentation aspects, what are the advantages of drawing a boundary these two?

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• Convenient practice for where to place images?

  - by Baumr

  A lot of developers place all image files inside a central directory, for example: /i/img/ /images/ /img/ Isn't it better (e.g. content architecture, on-page SEO, code maintainability, filename maintainability, etc.) to place them inside the relevant directories in which they are used? For example: example.com/logo.jpg example.com/about/photo-of-me.jpg example.com/contact/map.png example.com/products/category1-square.png example.com/products/category2-square.png example.com/products/category1/product1-thumb.jpg example.com/products/category1/product2-thumb.jpg example.com/products/category1/product1/product1-large.jpg example.com/products/category1/product1/product2-large.jpg example.com/products/category1/product1/product3-large.jpg What is the best practice here regarding all possible considerations (for static non-CMS websites)? N.B. The names product1-large and product1-thumb are just examples in this context to illustrate what kind of images they are. It is advised to use descriptive filenames for SEO benefit.

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• Material, Pass, Technique and shaders

  - by Papi75

  I'm trying to make a clean and advanced Material class for the rendering of my game, here is my architecture: class Material { void sendToShader() { program->sendUniform( nameInShader, valueInMaterialOrOther ); } private: Blend blendmode; ///< Alpha, Add, Multiply, … Color ambient; Color diffuse; Color specular; DrawingMode drawingMode; // Line Triangles, … Program* program; std::map<string, TexturePacket> textures; // List of textures with TexturePacket = { Texture*, vec2 offset, vec2 scale} }; How can I handle the link between the Shader and the Material? (sendToShader method) If the user want to send additionals informations to the shader (like time elapsed), how can I allow that? (User can't edit Material class) Thanks!

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• Understanding Data Binding for Windows Phone 7

  - by nikhil

  I want to develop a simple app for the Windows Phone 7 platform. It's basically a vocabulary based game that involves the user moving word tiles from one area to another to score points. I want to know what is the best way of tying the UI to the game's backend? I saw the Windows Phone 7 jumpstart videos, there they touch up on Data Binding but don't really go into any depth. I'm a newbie and don't have any experience with designing the architecture for a phone app, It'd be great if someone could explain what steps I should be taking or guide me to a resource from where I could learn more.

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• HTML Canvas: Should my app x, y values be global?

  - by Joe

  I have a large file of functions. Each of these functions is responsible for drawing a particular part of the application. My app has x and y parameters that I use in the setup function to move the whole app around in order to try different placements. So, naturally, I need to use these x and y values to anchor each function's component rendering so that everything moves in unison if the global x,y values ever change. My question is, is it bad practice/architecture to have these x,y values in the global namespace and having the each function directly access them like so? function renderFace() { var x = App.x; var y = App.y; // drawing here } is there a better way i'm missing?

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• asp.net website development component / APIs

  - by Haseeb Asif

  I have been assigned a new website project to work on in my organization where my role demand to finalize all the tools/technologies/controls/api etc. That website will something like online store, where every user has his online store as subdomain e.g. user1.myprojectdomain.com I have been researching a number of things to use and need your suggestions in following levels ASP.NET web forms vs Asp.net MVC: Prefering asp.net webforms due to following reason with N Tier Architecture Rapid application Development large set of Toolbox/controls And mainly due to our team skill set Errorlogging Elmah seems to be a nice library Forums Forums Yetanotherforums On line Live Chat still looking for something (Working on SignalR) Signups with Social Media Engage by Janrain And I need help that how can Manage sub domains. Do we create a Virtual Directory/application for every user in the IIS on runtime or we can do some thing else

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• How essential is it to make a service layer?

  - by BornToCode

  I started building an app in 3 layers (DAL, BL, UI) [it mainly handles CRM, some sales reports and inventory]. A colleague told me that I must move to service layer pattern, that developers came to service pattern from their experience and it is the better approach to design most applications. He said it would be much easier to maintain the application in the future that way. Personally, I get the feeling that it's just making things more complex and I couldn't see much of a benefit from it that would justify that. This app does have an additional small partial ui that uses some (but only few) of the desktop application functions so I did find myself duplicating some code (but not much). Just because of some code duplication I wouldn't convert it to be service oriented, but he said I should use it anyway because in general it's a very good architecture, why programmers are so in love with services?? I tried to google on it but I'm still confused and can't decide what to do.

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• What could be a reason for cross-platform server applications developer to make his app work in multiple processes?

  - by Kabumbus

  So we consider a server app development - heavily loaded with messing with big data streams.An app will be running on one powerful server. a server app shall be developed in form of crossplatform application - so to work on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. So same code many platforms for standing alone server architecture. We wonder what benefits does distributing applications not only over threads but over processes as wall would bring to programmers and to server end users and why? Some people sad to me that even having 48 cores, 4 process threads would be shared via OS throe all cores... is it true BTW?

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• Retrieving snapshots of game statistics

  - by SatheeshJM

  What is a good architecture for storing game statistics, so that I can retrieve snapshots of it at various moments? Say I have a game, and the user's statistics initially are: { hours_played = 0, games_played = 0, no_of_times_killed = 0, } When the user purchases something for the first time from within the game, the stats are { hours_played = 10, games_played = 2, no_of_times_killed = 5, } And when he purchases something for the second time, the stats are { hours_played = 20, games_played = 4, no_of_times_killed = 10, } Let me name the events as "purchase1" and "purchase2" How do I model my statistics, so that at any point in the future, I will be able to retrieve the snapshot of the statistics at the time when "purchase1" was fired. Similarly for "purchase2" and any other event I will add. Hope that made sense..

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• Any learning/studying material for C/C++ that use game programming as learning context out there?

  - by mac

  As most of game programming is done - I read on this very site - in C/C++ I was wondering if there is any learning/studying material for C/C++ that would target specifically game programming. I am not looking for material about "developing games" or "software architecture for games", but rather for material that uses "game programming" as the CONTEXT for introducing and illustrating C/C++ features, idioms, programming techniques, etc... With a simile: think to the GOF book on design patterns. There, they used "developing a text-editor" as a context for introducing design patterns, but the book is most definitively not a book about "developing text-editors". Thanks in advance for your time and advice! PS: My background: I am a programmer with a solid experience in OO scripting languages and only some experience in C and Assembler (on AVR microcontrollers), so I am thinking to mid-to-advanced level material, rather than tutorials for beginners, although it might be interesting to take a look to the latter ones if nothing else is available.

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• How to reduce tight coupling between two data sources

  - by fstuijt

  I'm having some trouble finding a proper solution to the following architecture problem. In our setting (sketched below) we have 2 data sources, where data source A is the primary source for items of type Foo. A secondary data source exists which can be used to retrieve additional information on a Foo; however this information does not always exist. Furthermore, data source A can be used to retrieve items of type Bar. However, each Bar refers to a Foo. The difficulty here is that each Bar should refer to a Foo which, if available, also contains the information as augmented by data source B. My question is: how to remove the tight coupling between data source A and B?

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• How to build a highload multithreaded web application in MVC3 or MVC4?

  - by IamStalker

  I need to build a highload multithreaded web application in ASP.NET MVC3 or MVC4, My question is how to design an architecture of an application? How to choose a DomainModel , use or not to use an ORM in this application? How to build a system that would be safe and if some error will happen, how to raise up a second level safety mechanism? Any examples with sources would be greatly appreciated. PS: don't kill the question if it's should be in any other SO places. Just tell me and i will place it there. Thank you very much in advance.

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• HTTP events? Is there a standard / precedent for this?

  - by user619818

  Our architecture is HTTP servers (custom written) which whereby custom clients send a HTTP request for some information and information is returned just as HTTP works. But we need a special custom 'extension' which is a request which is a subscription for receiving asynchronous 'events' on a resource. For example the client sends an http request subscribing for events on some entity. As the 'entity' generates events they are passed to the http server and the http server must then lookup subscriptions for that entity and send the event message to all subscribed clients. Hope that makes sense. So my questions are: Has this been done before / or is there a standard I should be looking at? If no standard, any suggestions on how to implement? How does a http server send an unsolicited 'message' to a client?

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• What is REST (in simple English)

  - by Gaurav

  Lately I have become interested in familiarizing myself with REST. I tried reading wiki entry on REST, but it was of no help. I would really appreciate it if someone can explain in simple English (that is without unnecessary tech jargon) What is REST What position it occupies in web architecture ecosystem How tightly (or loosely) it is coupled with protocol. What are the alternatives to REST and how does REST compare with them. I understand it may not be possible to answer this in one or two paragraphs, in that case relevant links will be highly appreciated.

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• Write data to SQL Server directly from BizTalk or use external service?

  - by dlongest

  An external source will be sending us XML data that BizTalk will pick up and transform into an internal schema. We need this data to be loaded into a SQL Server database as we're going to expose some of the data to our web front-end via a custom WCF service. The question is: what is the recommended approach for doing something like this? Options we're considering are having BizTalk write to the database directly or having BizTalk call a custom WCF service which would handle the save operation. Another briefly considered idea was having BizTalk write to an MSMQ and have a custom service pull from there and store it in the database. What are some of the guidelines or questions that should be asked in assessing these options? There are concerns related to overhead from calling the extra service, duplication of efforts if the schema is modified in the future (which it will be to some extent), and simply the best way to design within a service-oriented architecture that we're struggling with.

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• Designing extensible, interactive systems

  - by vemv

  Steve Yegge's The Pinoccio Problem describes a very special type of program: one that not only fulfills the original purpose of its creators, but also is capable of performing arbitrary, user-defined computations. They typically also host a console, by which one can reprogram the software on runtime, maybe persisting the modifications. I find this problem very hard to reason about - there seems to be a conflict between implementing the 'core modules' of a program, and making the system really implementation-agnostic (i.e. no functionality is hard-coded). So, how to architecture such a program - what techniques can help? Is it a well-studied topic?

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• What could be a reason for cross-platform server applications developer to make his app work in multiple processes?

  - by Kabumbus

  We consider a server app development - heavily loaded with messing with big data streams. An app will be running on one powerful server. A server app will be developed in form of crossplatform application - working on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. So same code, many platforms for stand alone server architecture. We wonder what are the benefits of distributing applications not only over threads but over processes as well, for programmers and server end users? Some people said to me that even having 48 cores, 4 process threads would be shared via OS through all cores, is that true?

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• What stack of technologies should I use for my online game?

  - by Vee Bee

  I built a TicTacToe game to learn the .Net MVC3 framework. The basic functionality works (display board, make a move, detect winning move etc.) What I'd like to do is make it a "real" application - well-architected and using the right technology at the right layer. For instance, I'm currently saving every move to the database via a service call, which feels klugey and may become a bottleneck if this was an MMO game. How do you determine a good architecture (or right set of technologies) to use in a situation like this? I'd like to learn not just what to do, but why certain decisions are better than others. I noticed a similar thread here but it just offered opinions without explaining WHY something would be better (e.g. why Node instead of MVC3, etc.)

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• Using allocators for different systems

  - by chadb

  I am going over the memory architecture for my game and even though I know my memory budgets may not be final, I at the point where I can start using them in a general sense. I know that I will need several allocators (for systems such as audio, rendering, etc) but I am unsure of how they will be accessed. I do not use singletons, so I can't just have something such as AudioManager::GetInstance().get_allocator(). Instead, I need to find a different method of usage but I am not sure of how. How can I store and call my allocators needed for several different systems over engine in an efficient manner?

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• How to build completely modular web applications

  - by Webnet

  In the coming months we're going to begin a project where we take a system we've built for a client (v1) and rebuild it from scratch. Our goal with v2 is to make it modular, so that this specific client will have their own set of modules they use, then another client may use a different set of modules altogether. The trick here is that Company A might have a series of checkout and user modules that change how that system works. Company B might stick with the standard checkout procedure but customize how products are browsed. What are some good approaches to application architecture when you're building an application from scratch that you want to have a Core that's shared among all clients while still maintaining the flexability for anything to be modified specifically for a client? I've seen CodeIgniter's hooks and don't think that's a good solution as we could end up with 250 hooks and it's still not flexible enough. What are some other solutions? Ideally we won't need to draw a line in the sand.

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• Using packages (gems, eggs, etc.) to create decoupled architectures

  - by Juan Carlos Coto

  The main issue Seeing the good support most modern programming platforms have for package management (think gem, npm, pip, etc), does it make sense to design an application or system be composed of internally developed packages, so as to promote and create a loosely coupled architecture? Example An example of this would be to create packages for database access, as well as for authentication and other components of the system. These, of course, use external packages as well. Then, your system imports and uses these packages - instead of including their code within its own code base. Considerations To me, it seems that this would promote code decoupling and help maintainability, almost in a Web-based-vs.-desktop-application kind of way (updates are applied almost automatically, single code base for single functionality, etc.). Does this seem like a rational and sane design concept? Is this actually used as a standard way of structuring applications today? Thanks very much!

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• Should I keep separate client codebases and databases for a software-as-a-service application?

  - by John

  My question is about the architecture of my application. I have a Rails application where companies can administrate all things related to their clients. Companies would buy a subscription and their users can access the application online. Hopefully I will get multiple companies subscribing to my application/service. What should I do with my code and database? Seperate app code base and database per company One app code base but seperate database per company One app code base and one database The decision involves security (e.g. a user from company X should not see any data from company Y) performance (let's suppose it becomes successful, it should have a good performance) and scalability (again, if successful, it should have a good performance but also easy for me to handle all the companies, code changes, etc). For the sake of maintainability, I tend to opt for the one code base, but for the database I really don't know. What do you think is the best option?

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