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• HP SmartArray P400: How to repair failed logical drive?

  - by TegtmeierDE

  I have a HP Server with SmartArray P400 controller (incl. 256 MB Cache/Battery Backup) with a logicaldrive with replaced failed physicaldrive that does not rebuild. This is how it looked when I detected the error: ~# /usr/sbin/hpacucli ctrl slot=0 show config Smart Array P400 in Slot 0 (Embedded) (sn: XXXX) array A (SATA, Unused Space: 0 MB) logicaldrive 1 (698.6 GB, RAID 1, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SATA, 750 GB, OK) array B (SATA, Unused Space: 0 MB) logicaldrive 2 (2.7 TB, RAID 5, Failed) physicaldrive 1I:1:3 (port 1I:box 1:bay 3, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:4 (port 1I:box 1:bay 4, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 2I:1:5 (port 2I:box 1:bay 5, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 2I:1:6 (port 2I:box 1:bay 6, SATA, 750 GB, Failed) physicaldrive 2I:1:7 (port 2I:box 1:bay 7, SATA, 750 GB, OK) unassigned physicaldrive 2I:1:8 (port 2I:box 1:bay 8, SATA, 750 GB, OK) ~# I thought that I had drive 2I:1:8 configured as a spare for Array A and Array B, but it seems this was not the case :-(. I noticed the problem due to I/O errors on the host, even if only 1 physicaldrive of the RAID5 is failed. Does someone know why this could happen? The logicaldrive should go into "Degraded" mode but still be fully accessible from the host os!? I first tried to add the unassigned drive 2I:1:8 as a spare to logicaldrive 2, but this was not possible: ~# /usr/sbin/hpacucli ctrl slot=0 array B add spares=2I:1:8 Error: This operation is not supported with the current configuration. Use the "show" command on devices to show additional details about the configuration. ~# Interestingly it is possible to add the unassigned drive to the first array without problems. I thought maybe the controller put the array into "failed" state due to the missing spare and protects failed arrays from modification. So I tried was to reenable the logicaldrive (to add the spare afterwards): ~# /usr/sbin/hpacucli ctrl slot=0 ld 2 modify reenable Warning: Any previously existing data on the logical drive may not be valid or recoverable. Continue? (y/n) y Error: This operation is not supported with the current configuration. Use the "show" command on devices to show additional details about the configuration. ~# But as you can see, re-enabling the logicaldrive this was not possible. Now I replaced the failed drive by hotswapping it with the unassigned drive. The status now looks like this: ~# /usr/sbin/hpacucli ctrl slot=0 show config Smart Array P400 in Slot 0 (Embedded) (sn: XXXX) array A (SATA, Unused Space: 0 MB) logicaldrive 1 (698.6 GB, RAID 1, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SATA, 750 GB, OK) array B (SATA, Unused Space: 0 MB) logicaldrive 2 (2.7 TB, RAID 5, Failed) physicaldrive 1I:1:3 (port 1I:box 1:bay 3, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:4 (port 1I:box 1:bay 4, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 2I:1:5 (port 2I:box 1:bay 5, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 2I:1:6 (port 2I:box 1:bay 6, SATA, 750 GB, OK) physicaldrive 2I:1:7 (port 2I:box 1:bay 7, SATA, 750 GB, OK) ~# The logical drive is still not accessible. Why is it not rebuilding? What can I do? FYI, this is the configuration of my controller: ~# /usr/sbin/hpacucli ctrl slot=0 show Smart Array P400 in Slot 0 (Embedded) Bus Interface: PCI Slot: 0 Serial Number: XXXX Cache Serial Number: XXXX RAID 6 (ADG) Status: Enabled Controller Status: OK Chassis Slot: Hardware Revision: Rev E Firmware Version: 5.22 Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Surface Scan Delay: 15 secs Surface Analysis Inconsistency Notification: Disabled Raid1 Write Buffering: Disabled Post Prompt Timeout: 0 secs Cache Board Present: True Cache Status: OK Accelerator Ratio: 25% Read / 75% Write Drive Write Cache: Disabled Total Cache Size: 256 MB No-Battery Write Cache: Disabled Cache Backup Power Source: Batteries Battery/Capacitor Count: 1 Battery/Capacitor Status: OK SATA NCQ Supported: True ~# Thanks for you help in advance.

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• How can I regain control over a "stuck" scroll bar?

  - by jonsca

  I normally have a lot of tabs open in the browser at one time, which normally doesn't cause any problems. Occasionally, though, the page will have fully rendered, the scroll bar is at the top of its track on the right, but placing the the mouse pointer on the scroll bar does not allow me to get control of it (and using the arrow at the bottom of the scroll bar doesn't work either). This seems to happen to me in both Firefox and Chrome, both latest versions. There is normally no load on the CPU, and while my memory usage can be high (especially with Chrome), I still usually have 25% left. I fear that this is one of those "for your own good" features, to prevent scrolling down a page that may still have elements loading and/or a stuck script, but I'm wondering whether or not there is a setting in Firefox or Chrome (or perhaps Windows in general) that will allow the scroll bar to be "released" even though the browser may be busy? It may be "2002" of me, but I wouldn't mind being able to scroll along gradually, even if the page hasn't had time to fully render all of the images, etc., yet. Does such an advanced setting exist "under the hood"?

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• Buffer Overflow errors when reading ConfigDelay and Manufacturer info from registry

  - by peter

  Hi All, This is a strange driver error which doesn't make a lot of sense to me. I am running an application developed in C# .NET which our company develops. I was monitoring the application using process monitor and noticed that it accesses the registry a lot. The output on Process Monitor looks like this, Operation Result Path RegQueryValue Success HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Enum\SWMUXBUS\SW_MODEM\7&6c4af30&0&5&0004\Driver RegQueryValue Success HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\Properties RegQueryValue Success HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\Default RegQueryValue Success HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\InactivityScale RegQueryValue Name Not Found HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\PowerDelay RegQueryValue Name Not Found HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\ConfigDelay RegQueryValue Buffer Overflow HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\Manufacturer RegQueryValue Buffer Overflow HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\Model RegQueryValue Name Not Found HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\Version The app is reading this stuff every 5 seconds from the registry, so I would ask a few questions, 1) What is this stuff 2) Why is the app reading this stuff 3) Why is it saying 'Buffer Overflow' 4) Could this cause performance problems for my app? From what I can see the app does not explicitly read this stuff, so I think this relates to a driver on the machine (which is a netbook)

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• Nginx conditional not evaluating correctly

  - by cjc

  I'm running into a weird problem with nginx and how it evaluates conditionals. Here's the relevant configuration: set $cors FALSE; if ($http_origin ~* (http://example.com|http://dev.example.com:8000|http://dev2.example.com)) { set $cors TRUE; } if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') { set $cors $cors$request_method; } if ($cors = 'TRUE') { add_header 'Access-Test' "$cors"; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' "$http_origin"; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'POST, OPTIONS'; add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' '1728000'; } if ($cors = 'TRUEOPTIONS') { add_header 'Access-Test' "$cors"; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' "$http_origin"; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'POST, OPTIONS'; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'X-Requested-With, X-Prototype-Version'; add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' '1728000'; add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain'; } So, the conditional blocks never trigger. When I remove the conditions, I see that the "Access-Test" header and the "Access-Control-Allow-Origin" set correctly, but, as noted, enabling the conditionals causes the headers not to be sent. I'm testing by running: curl -Iv -i --request "OPTIONS" -H "Origin: http://example.com" http://staging.example.com/ Am I missing something obvious? I've tried the "if" with and without quotes, etc. This is nginx 1.2.9.

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• WPF Layout algorithm woes - control will resize, but not below some arbitrary value.

  - by Quantumplation

  I'm working on an application for a client, and one of the requirements is the ability to make appointments, and display the current week's appointments in a visual format, much like in Google Calender's or Microsoft Office. I found a great (3 part) article on codeproject, in which he builds a "RangePanel", and composes one for each "period" (for example, the work day.) You can find part 1 here: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/WPF/OutlookWpfCalendarPart1.aspx The code presents, but seems to choose an arbitrary height value overall (440.04), and won't resize below that without clipping. What I mean to say, is that the window/container will resize, but it just cuts off the bottom of the control, instead of recalculating the height of the range panels, and the controls in the range panels representing the appointment. It will resize and recalculate for greater values, but not less. Code-wise, what's happening is that when you resize below that value, first the "MeasureOverride" is called with the correct "new height". However, by the time the "ArrangeOverride" method is called, it's passing the same 440.04 value as the height to arrange to. I need to find a solution/workaround, but any information that you can provide that might direct me for things to look into would also be greatly appreciated ( I understand how frustrating it is to debug code when you don't have the codebase in front of you. :) ) The code for the various Arrange and Measure functions are provided below. The "CalendarView" control has a "CalendarViewContentPresenter", which handles several periods. Then, the periods have a "CalendarPeriodContentPresenter", which handles each "block" of appointments. Finally, the "RangePanel" has it's own implementation. (To be honest, i'm still a bit hazy on how the control works, so if my explanations are a bit hazy, the article I linked probably has a more cogent explanation. :) ) CalendarViewContentPresenter: protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize) { int columnCount = this.CalendarView.Periods.Count; Size columnSize = new Size(finalSize.Width / columnCount, finalSize.Height); double elementX = 0; foreach (UIElement element in this.visualChildren) { element.Arrange(new Rect(new Point(elementX, 0), columnSize)); elementX = elementX + columnSize.Width; } return finalSize; } protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size constraint) { this.GenerateVisualChildren(); this.GenerateListViewItemVisuals(); // If it's coming back infinity, just return some value. if (constraint.Width == Double.PositiveInfinity) constraint.Width = 10; if (constraint.Height == Double.PositiveInfinity) constraint.Height = 10; return constraint; } CalendarViewPeriodPersenter: protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize) { foreach (UIElement element in this.visualChildren) { element.Arrange(new Rect(new Point(0, 0), finalSize)); } return finalSize; } protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size constraint) { this.GenerateVisualChildren(); return constraint; } RangePanel: protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize) { double containerRange = (this.Maximum - this.Minimum); foreach (UIElement element in this.Children) { double begin = (double)element.GetValue(RangePanel.BeginProperty); double end = (double)element.GetValue(RangePanel.EndProperty); double elementRange = end - begin; Size size = new Size(); size.Width = (Orientation == Orientation.Vertical) ? finalSize.Width : elementRange / containerRange * finalSize.Width; size.Height = (Orientation == Orientation.Vertical) ? elementRange / containerRange * finalSize.Height : finalSize.Height; Point location = new Point(); location.X = (Orientation == Orientation.Vertical) ? 0 : (begin - this.Minimum) / containerRange * finalSize.Width; location.Y = (Orientation == Orientation.Vertical) ? (begin - this.Minimum) / containerRange * finalSize.Height : 0; element.Arrange(new Rect(location, size)); } return finalSize; } protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size availableSize) { foreach (UIElement element in this.Children) { element.Measure(availableSize); } // Constrain infinities if (availableSize.Width == double.PositiveInfinity) availableSize.Width = 10; if (availableSize.Height == double.PositiveInfinity) availableSize.Height = 10; return availableSize; }

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• CommandBinding broken in inner Custom Control when nesting two Custom Controls of the same type.

  - by Fredrik Eriksson

  I've done a Custom Control in form of a GroupBox but with an extra header which purpose is to hold a button or a stackpanel with buttons at the other side. I've added the a Dependency Property to hold the extra header and I've connected the customized template. Everything works fine until I put one of these controls in another one. Now the wierd stuff begins(at least in my eyes xP), the command binding in the inner control simply isn't set. I tried to use Snoop to gather some data, the see if the inherits is broken and when I clicked on the buttons which isn't doing what I want it to, boom, breakpoint triggered. So in some wierd way the Command isn't set until something that I don't know what it is, happens, which snoops triggers. I've also tried to put the buttons in the regular Header property and that works fine, but not with my own made. I could just switch places with them to make it like I want but now I'm curious to know where the problem lies... Now I wonder, what can I've missed? The control class: public class TwoHeaderedGroupBox : GroupBox { static TwoHeaderedGroupBox() { DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(TwoHeaderedGroupBox), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(TwoHeaderedGroupBox))); } public static DependencyProperty HeaderTwoProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderTwo", typeof(object), typeof(TwoHeaderedGroupBox), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata()); public object HeaderTwo { get { return (object)GetValue(HeaderTwoProperty); } set { SetValue(HeaderTwoProperty, value);} } } And here is the Template (which by the way is created by blend from the beginning): <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Controls:TwoHeaderedGroupBox}"> <Grid SnapsToDevicePixels="true"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="6"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="6"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> <RowDefinition Height="6"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Border BorderBrush="Transparent" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" Grid.ColumnSpan="4" Grid.Column="0" CornerRadius="4" Grid.Row="1" Grid.RowSpan="3"/> <Border x:Name="Header" Grid.Column="1" Padding="3,1,3,0" Grid.Row="0" Grid.RowSpan="2" VerticalAlignment="Center"> <ContentControl Content="{TemplateBinding Header}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"/> </Border> <ContentPresenter Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.Column="1" Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" Grid.Row="2" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"/> <Border BorderBrush="White" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Grid.ColumnSpan="4" CornerRadius="4" Grid.Row="1" Grid.RowSpan="3"> <Border.OpacityMask> <MultiBinding ConverterParameter="7" Converter="{StaticResource BorderGapMaskConverter}"> <Binding ElementName="Header" Path="ActualWidth"/> <Binding Path="ActualWidth" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Self}"/> <Binding Path="ActualHeight" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Self}"/> </MultiBinding> </Border.OpacityMask> <Border BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" CornerRadius="3"> <Border BorderBrush="White" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" CornerRadius="2"/> </Border> </Border> <Border x:Name="HeaderTwo" Grid.Column="2" Padding="3,5,3,5" Grid.Row="0" Grid.RowSpan="2" HorizontalAlignment="Right"> <ContentControl Content="{TemplateBinding HeaderTwo}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" DataContext="{TemplateBinding DataContext}"/> </Border> </Grid> </ControlTemplate>

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• VS2008 Windows Form Designer does not like my control.

  - by Thedric Walker

  I have a control that is created like so: public partial class MYControl : MyControlBase { public string InnerText { get { return textBox1.Text; } set { textBox1.Text = value; } } public MYControl() { InitializeComponent(); } } partial class MYControl { /// <summary> /// Required designer variable. /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; /// <summary> /// Clean up any resources being used. /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param> protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) { components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Component Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox(); this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // textBox1 // this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(28, 61); this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1"; this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 20); this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0; // // listBox1 // this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true; this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(7, 106); this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1"; this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 95); this.listBox1.TabIndex = 1; // // label1 // this.label1.AutoSize = true; this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(91, 42); this.label1.Name = "label1"; this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 13); this.label1.TabIndex = 2; this.label1.Text = "label1"; // // MYControl // this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F); this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.Controls.Add(this.label1); this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1); this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1); this.Name = "MYControl"; this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(135, 214); this.ResumeLayout(false); this.PerformLayout(); } #endregion private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1; } MyControlBase contains the definition for the ListBox and TextBox. Now when I try to view this control in the Form Designer it gives me these errors: The variable 'listBox1' is either undeclared or was never assigned. The variable 'textBox1' is either undeclared or was never assigned. This is obviously wrong as they are defined in MyControlBase with public access. Is there any way to massage Form Designer into allowing me to visually edit my control?

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• Understanding EDI 997

  - by VishnuTiwariBlog

  Hi Guys, This is for the EDI starter. Below is the complete detail of EDI 997 segment and element details. 997 Functional Acknowledgment Transaction Layout:   No. Seg ID Name Description Example M/O 010 ST Transaction Set Header To indicate the start of a transaction set and to assign a control number ST*997*382823~   M ST01   Code uniquely identifying a Transaction Set   M ST02   Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set   M 020 AK1 Functional Group Response Header To start acknowledgment of a functional group AK1*QM*2459823 M        AK101   Code identifying a group of application related transaction sets IN Invoice Information (810) SH Ship Notice/Manifest (856)     AK102   Assigned number originated and maintained by the sender     030 AK2 Transaction Set Response Header To start acknowledgment of a single transaction set AK2*856*001 M AK201   Code uniquely identifying a Transaction Set 810 Invoice 856 Ship Notice/Manifest   M AK202   Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set   M 040 AK3 Data Segment Note To report errors in a data segment and identify the location of the data segment AK3*TD3*9 O AK301 Segment ID Code Code defining the segment ID of the data segment in error (See Appendix A - Number 77)     AK302 Segment Position in Transaction Set The numerical count position of this data segment from the start of the transaction set: the transaction set header is count position 1     050 AK4 Data Element Note To report errors in a data element or composite data structure and identify the location of the data element AK4*2**2 O AK401 Position in Segment Code indicating the relative position of a simple data element, or the relative position of a composite data structure combined with the relative position of the component data element within the composite data structure, in error; the count starts with 1 for the simple data element or composite data structure immediately following the segment ID     AK402 Element Position in Segment This is used to indicate the relative position of a simple data element, or the relative position of a composite data structure with the relative position of the component within the composite data structure, in error; in the data segment the count starts with 1 for the simple data element or composite data structure immediately following the segment ID     AK403 Data Element Syntax Error Code Code indicating the error found after syntax edits of a data element 1 Mandatory Data Element Missing 2 Conditional Required Data Element Missing 3 Too Many Data Elements 4 Data Element Too Short 5 Data Element Too Long 6 Invalid Character in Data Element 7 Invalid Code Value 8 Invalid Date 9 Invalid Time 10 Exclusion Condition Violated     AK404 Copy of Bad Data Element This is a copy of the data element in error     060 AK5 AK5 Transaction Set Response Trailer To acknowledge acceptance or rejection and report errors in a transaction set AK5*A~ AK5*R*5~ M AK501 Transaction Set Acknowledgment Code Code indicating accept or reject condition based on the syntax editing of the transaction set A Accepted E Accepted But Errors Were Noted R Rejected     AK502 Transaction Set Syntax Error Code Code indicating error found based on the syntax editing of a transaction set 1 Transaction Set Not Supported 2 Transaction Set Trailer Missing 3 Transaction Set Control Number in Header and Trailer Do Not Match 4 Number of Included Segments Does Not Match Actual Count 5 One or More Segments in Error 6 Missing or Invalid Transaction Set Identifier 7 Missing or Invalid Transaction Set Control Number     070 AK9 Functional Group Response Trailer To acknowledge acceptance or rejection of a functional group and report the number of included transaction sets from the original trailer, the accepted sets, and the received sets in this functional group AK9*A*1*1*1~ AK9*R*1*1*0~ M AK901 Functional Group Acknowledge Code Code indicating accept or reject condition based on the syntax editing of the functional group A Accepted E Accepted, But Errors Were Noted. R Rejected     AK902 Number of Transaction Sets Included Total number of transaction sets included in the functional group or interchange (transmission) group terminated by the trailer containing this data element     AK903 Number of Received Transaction Sets Number of Transaction Sets received     AK904 Number of Accepted Transaction Sets Number of accepted Transaction Sets in a Functional Group     AK905 Functional Group Syntax Error Code Code indicating error found based on the syntax editing of the functional group header and/or trailer 1 Functional Group Not Supported 2 Functional Group Version Not Supported 3 Functional Group Trailer Missing 4 Group Control Number in the Functional Group Header and Trailer Do Not Agree 5 Number of Included Transaction Sets Does Not Match Actual Count 6 Group Control Number Violates Syntax     080 SE Transaction Set Trailer To indicate the end of the transaction set and provide the count of the transmitted segments (including the beginning (ST) and ending (SE) segments) SE*9*223~ M SE01 Number of Included Segments Total number of segments included in a transaction set including ST and SE segments     SE02 Transaction Set Control Number Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set

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• Understanding EDI 997.

  - by VishnuTiwariBlog

  Hi Guys, This is for the EDI starter. Below is the complete detail of EDI 997 segment and element details. 997 Functional Acknowledgment Transaction Layout: No. Seg ID Name Description Example M/O 010 ST Transaction Set Header To indicate the start of a transaction set and to assign a control number ST*997*382823~   M ST01   Code uniquely identifying a Transaction Set   M ST02   Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set   M 020 AK1 Functional Group Response Header To start acknowledgment of a functional group AK1*QM*2459823 M        AK101   Code identifying a group of application related transaction sets IN Invoice Information (810) SH Ship Notice/Manifest (856)     AK102   Assigned number originated and maintained by the sender     030 AK2 Transaction Set Response Header To start acknowledgment of a single transaction set AK2*856*001 M AK201   Code uniquely identifying a Transaction Set 810 Invoice 856 Ship Notice/Manifest   M AK202   Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set   M 040 AK3 Data Segment Note To report errors in a data segment and identify the location of the data segment AK3*TD3*9 O AK301 Segment ID Code Code defining the segment ID of the data segment in error (See Appendix A - Number 77)     AK302 Segment Position in Transaction Set The numerical count position of this data segment from the start of the transaction set: the transaction set header is count position 1     050 AK4 Data Element Note To report errors in a data element or composite data structure and identify the location of the data element AK4*2**2 O AK401 Position in Segment Code indicating the relative position of a simple data element, or the relative position of a composite data structure combined with the relative position of the component data element within the composite data structure, in error; the count starts with 1 for the simple data element or composite data structure immediately following the segment ID     AK402 Element Position in Segment This is used to indicate the relative position of a simple data element, or the relative position of a composite data structure with the relative position of the component within the composite data structure, in error; in the data segment the count starts with 1 for the simple data element or composite data structure immediately following the segment ID     AK403 Data Element Syntax Error Code Code indicating the error found after syntax edits of a data element 1 Mandatory Data Element Missing 2 Conditional Required Data Element Missing 3 Too Many Data Elements 4 Data Element Too Short 5 Data Element Too Long 6 Invalid Character in Data Element 7 Invalid Code Value 8 Invalid Date 9 Invalid Time 10 Exclusion Condition Violated     AK404 Copy of Bad Data Element This is a copy of the data element in error     060 AK5 AK5 Transaction Set Response Trailer To acknowledge acceptance or rejection and report errors in a transaction set AK5*A~ AK5*R*5~ M AK501 Transaction Set Acknowledgment Code Code indicating accept or reject condition based on the syntax editing of the transaction set A Accepted E Accepted But Errors Were Noted R Rejected     AK502 Transaction Set Syntax Error Code Code indicating error found based on the syntax editing of a transaction set 1 Transaction Set Not Supported 2 Transaction Set Trailer Missing 3 Transaction Set Control Number in Header and Trailer Do Not Match 4 Number of Included Segments Does Not Match Actual Count 5 One or More Segments in Error 6 Missing or Invalid Transaction Set Identifier 7 Missing or Invalid Transaction Set Control Number     070 AK9 Functional Group Response Trailer To acknowledge acceptance or rejection of a functional group and report the number of included transaction sets from the original trailer, the accepted sets, and the received sets in this functional group AK9*A*1*1*1~ AK9*R*1*1*0~ M AK901 Functional Group Acknowledge Code Code indicating accept or reject condition based on the syntax editing of the functional group A Accepted E Accepted, But Errors Were Noted. R Rejected     AK902 Number of Transaction Sets Included Total number of transaction sets included in the functional group or interchange (transmission) group terminated by the trailer containing this data element     AK903 Number of Received Transaction Sets Number of Transaction Sets received     AK904 Number of Accepted Transaction Sets Number of accepted Transaction Sets in a Functional Group     AK905 Functional Group Syntax Error Code Code indicating error found based on the syntax editing of the functional group header and/or trailer 1 Functional Group Not Supported 2 Functional Group Version Not Supported 3 Functional Group Trailer Missing 4 Group Control Number in the Functional Group Header and Trailer Do Not Agree 5 Number of Included Transaction Sets Does Not Match Actual Count 6 Group Control Number Violates Syntax     080 SE Transaction Set Trailer To indicate the end of the transaction set and provide the count of the transmitted segments (including the beginning (ST) and ending (SE) segments) SE*9*223~ M SE01 Number of Included Segments Total number of segments included in a transaction set including ST and SE segments     SE02 Transaction Set Control Number Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set

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• MySQL Config File for Large System

  - by Jonathon

  We are running MySQL on a Windows 2003 Server Enterpise Edition box. MySQL is about the only program running on the box. We have approx. 8 slaves replicated to it, but my understanding is that having multiple slaves connecting to the same master does not significantly slow down performance, if at all. The master server has 16G RAM, 10 Terabyte drives in RAID 10, and four dual-core processors. From what I have seen from other sites, we have a really robust machine as our master db server. We just upgraded from a machine with only 4G RAM, but with similar hard drives, RAID, etc. It also ran Apache on it, so it was our db server and our application server. It was getting a little slow, so we split the db server onto this new machine and kept the application server on the first machine. We also distributed the application load amongst a few of our other slave servers, which also run the application. The problem is the new db server has mysqld.exe consuming 95-100% of CPU almost all the time and is really causing the app to run slowly. I know we have several queries and table structures that could be better optimized, but since they worked okay on the older, smaller server, I assume that our my.ini (MySQL config) file is not properly configured. Most of what I see on the net is for setting config files on small machines, so can anyone help me get the my.ini file correct for a large dedicated machine like ours? I just don't see how mysqld could get so bogged down! FYI: We have about 100 queries per second. We only use MyISAM tables, so skip-innodb is set in the ini file. And yes, I know it is reading the ini file correctly because I can change some settings (like the server-id and it will kill the server at startup). Here is the my.ini file: #MySQL Server Instance Configuration File # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard # # # Installation Instructions # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options, # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options # (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options. # # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option # "--defaults-file". # # To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a # command line shell, e.g. # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" # # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a # command line shell, e.g. # mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" # # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g. # net start MySQLXY # # # Guildlines for editing this file # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports. # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program # with the "--help" option. # # More detailed information about the individual options can also be # found in the manual. # # # CLIENT SECTION # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications. # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the # MySQL client library initialization. # [client] port=3306 [mysql] default-character-set=latin1 # SERVER SECTION # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this # file. # [mysqld] # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on port=3306 #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this. basedir="D:/MySQL/" #Path to the database root datadir="D:/MySQL/data" # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is # created and no character set is defined default-character-set=latin1 # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when default-storage-engine=MYISAM # Set the SQL mode to strict #sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" # we changed this because there are a couple of queries that can get blocked otherwise sql-mode="" #performance configs skip-locking max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 512 # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the # connection limit has been reached. max_connections=1510 # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value # is high enough for your load. # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a # slowdown instead of a performance improvement. query_cache_size=168M # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires. # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in # section [mysqld_safe] table_cache=3020 # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many # of them. tmp_table_size=30M # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't # more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.) thread_cache_size=64 #*** MyISAM Specific options # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE. # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created # through the key cache (which is slower). myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the # key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index. myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables. # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be # used for internal temporary disk tables. key_buffer_size=3072M # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables. # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed. read_buffer_size=2M read_rnd_buffer_size=8M # This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in # REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE # into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with # large settings. sort_buffer_size=2M #*** INNODB Specific options *** innodb_data_home_dir="D:/MySQL InnoDB Datafiles/" # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space # and speed up some things. skip-innodb # Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata # information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will # start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most # recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this # value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used. innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=11M # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second. innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large # (even with long transactions). innodb_log_buffer_size=6M # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may # cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not # set it too high. innodb_buffer_pool_size=500M # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However, # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the # recovery process. innodb_log_file_size=100M # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing. innodb_thread_concurrency=10 #replication settings (this is the master) log-bin=log server-id = 1 Thanks for all the help. It is greatly appreciated.

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• A Communication System for XAML Applications

  - by psheriff

  In any application, you want to keep the coupling between any two or more objects as loose as possible. Coupling happens when one class contains a property that is used in another class, or uses another class in one of its methods. If you have this situation, then this is called strong or tight coupling. One popular design pattern to help with keeping objects loosely coupled is called the Mediator design pattern. The basics of this pattern are very simple; avoid one object directly talking to another object, and instead use another class to mediate between the two. As with most of my blog posts, the purpose is to introduce you to a simple approach to using a message broker, not all of the fine details. IPDSAMessageBroker Interface As with most implementations of a design pattern, you typically start with an interface or an abstract base class. In this particular instance, an Interface will work just fine. The interface for our Message Broker class just contains a single method “SendMessage” and one event “MessageReceived”. public delegate void MessageReceivedEventHandler( object sender, PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs e); public interface IPDSAMessageBroker{  void SendMessage(PDSAMessageBrokerMessage msg);   event MessageReceivedEventHandler MessageReceived;} PDSAMessageBrokerMessage Class As you can see in the interface, the SendMessage method requires a type of PDSAMessageBrokerMessage to be passed to it. This class simply has a MessageName which is a ‘string’ type and a MessageBody property which is of the type ‘object’ so you can pass whatever you want in the body. You might pass a string in the body, or a complete Customer object. The MessageName property will help the receiver of the message know what is in the MessageBody property. public class PDSAMessageBrokerMessage{  public PDSAMessageBrokerMessage()  {  }   public PDSAMessageBrokerMessage(string name, object body)  {    MessageName = name;    MessageBody = body;  }   public string MessageName { get; set; }   public object MessageBody { get; set; }} PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs Class As our message broker class will be raising an event that others can respond to, it is a good idea to create your own event argument class. This class will inherit from the System.EventArgs class and add a couple of additional properties. The properties are the MessageName and Message. The MessageName property is simply a string value. The Message property is a type of a PDSAMessageBrokerMessage class. public class PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs : EventArgs{  public PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs()  {  }   public PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs(string name,     PDSAMessageBrokerMessage msg)  {    MessageName = name;    Message = msg;  }   public string MessageName { get; set; }   public PDSAMessageBrokerMessage Message { get; set; }} PDSAMessageBroker Class Now that you have an interface class and a class to pass a message through an event, it is time to create your actual PDSAMessageBroker class. This class implements the SendMessage method and will also create the event handler for the delegate created in your Interface. public class PDSAMessageBroker : IPDSAMessageBroker{  public void SendMessage(PDSAMessageBrokerMessage msg)  {    PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs args;     args = new PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs(      msg.MessageName, msg);     RaiseMessageReceived(args);  }   public event MessageReceivedEventHandler MessageReceived;   protected void RaiseMessageReceived(    PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs e)  {    if (null != MessageReceived)      MessageReceived(this, e);  }} The SendMessage method will take a PDSAMessageBrokerMessage object as an argument. It then creates an instance of a PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs class, passing to the constructor two items: the MessageName from the PDSAMessageBrokerMessage object and also the object itself. It may seem a little redundant to pass in the message name when that same message name is part of the message, but it does make consuming the event and checking for the message name a little cleaner – as you will see in the next section. Create a Global Message Broker In your WPF application, create an instance of this message broker class in the App class located in the App.xaml file. Create a public property in the App class and create a new instance of that class in the OnStartUp event procedure as shown in the following code: public partial class App : Application{  public PDSAMessageBroker MessageBroker { get; set; }   protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)  {    base.OnStartup(e);     MessageBroker = new PDSAMessageBroker();  }} Sending and Receiving Messages Let’s assume you have a user control that you load into a control on your main window and you want to send a message from that user control to the main window. You might have the main window display a message box, or put a string into a status bar as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: The main window can receive and send messages The first thing you do in the main window is to hook up an event procedure to the MessageReceived event of the global message broker. This is done in the constructor of the main window: public MainWindow(){  InitializeComponent();   (Application.Current as App).MessageBroker.     MessageReceived += new MessageReceivedEventHandler(       MessageBroker_MessageReceived);} One piece of code you might not be familiar with is accessing a property defined in the App class of your XAML application. Within the App.Xaml file is a class named App that inherits from the Application object. You access the global instance of this App class by using Application.Current. You cast Application.Current to ‘App’ prior to accessing any of the public properties or methods you defined in the App class. Thus, the code (Application.Current as App).MessageBroker, allows you to get at the MessageBroker property defined in the App class. In the MessageReceived event procedure in the main window (shown below) you can now check to see if the MessageName property of the PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs is equal to “StatusBar” and if it is, then display the message body into the status bar text block control. void MessageBroker_MessageReceived(object sender,   PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs e){  switch (e.MessageName)  {    case "StatusBar":      tbStatus.Text = e.Message.MessageBody.ToString();      break;  }} In the Page 1 user control’s Loaded event procedure you will send the message “StatusBar” through the global message broker to any listener using the following code: private void UserControl_Loaded(object sender,  RoutedEventArgs e){  // Send Status Message  (Application.Current as App).MessageBroker.    SendMessage(new PDSAMessageBrokerMessage("StatusBar",      "This is Page 1"));} Since the main window is listening for the message ‘StatusBar’, it will display the value “This is Page 1” in the status bar at the bottom of the main window. Sending a Message to a User Control The previous example sent a message from the user control to the main window. You can also send messages from the main window to any listener as well. Remember that the global message broker is really just a broadcaster to anyone who has hooked into the MessageReceived event. In the constructor of the user control named ucPage1 you can hook into the global message broker’s MessageReceived event. You can then listen for any messages that are sent to this control by using a similar switch-case structure like that in the main window. public ucPage1(){  InitializeComponent();   // Hook to the Global Message Broker  (Application.Current as App).MessageBroker.    MessageReceived += new MessageReceivedEventHandler(      MessageBroker_MessageReceived);} void MessageBroker_MessageReceived(object sender,  PDSAMessageBrokerEventArgs e){  // Look for messages intended for Page 1  switch (e.MessageName)  {    case "ForPage1":      MessageBox.Show(e.Message.MessageBody.ToString());      break;  }} Once the ucPage1 user control has been loaded into the main window you can then send a message using the following code: private void btnSendToPage1_Click(object sender,  RoutedEventArgs e){  PDSAMessageBrokerMessage arg =     new PDSAMessageBrokerMessage();   arg.MessageName = "ForPage1";  arg.MessageBody = "Message For Page 1";   // Send a message to Page 1  (Application.Current as App).MessageBroker.SendMessage(arg);} Since the MessageName matches what is in the ucPage1 MessageReceived event procedure, ucPage1 can do anything in response to that event. It is important to note that when the message gets sent it is sent to all MessageReceived event procedures, not just the one that is looking for a message called “ForPage1”. If the user control ucPage1 is not loaded and this message is broadcast, but no other code is listening for it, then it is simply ignored. Remove Event Handler In each class where you add an event handler to the MessageReceived event you need to make sure to remove those event handlers when you are done. Failure to do so can cause a strong reference to the class and thus not allow that object to be garbage collected. In each of your user control’s make sure in the Unloaded event to remove the event handler. private void UserControl_Unloaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){  if (_MessageBroker != null)    _MessageBroker.MessageReceived -=         _MessageBroker_MessageReceived;} Problems with Message Brokering As with most “global” classes or classes that hook up events to other classes, garbage collection is something you need to consider. Just the simple act of hooking up an event procedure to a global event handler creates a reference between your user control and the message broker in the App class. This means that even when your user control is removed from your UI, the class will still be in memory because of the reference to the message broker. This can cause messages to still being handled even though the UI is not being displayed. It is up to you to make sure you remove those event handlers as discussed in the previous section. If you don’t, then the garbage collector cannot release those objects. Instead of using events to send messages from one object to another you might consider registering your objects with a central message broker. This message broker now becomes a collection class into which you pass an object and what messages that object wishes to receive. You do end up with the same problem however. You have to un-register your objects; otherwise they still stay in memory. To alleviate this problem you can look into using the WeakReference class as a method to store your objects so they can be garbage collected if need be. Discussing Weak References is beyond the scope of this post, but you can look this up on the web. Summary In this blog post you learned how to create a simple message broker system that will allow you to send messages from one object to another without having to reference objects directly. This does reduce the coupling between objects in your application. You do need to remember to get rid of any event handlers prior to your objects going out of scope or you run the risk of having memory leaks and events being called even though you can no longer access the object that is responding to that event. NOTE: You can download the sample code for this article by visiting my website at http://www.pdsa.com/downloads. Select “Tips & Tricks”, then select “A Communication System for XAML Applications” from the drop down list.

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• .NET Code Evolution

  - by Alois Kraus

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/akraus1/archive/2013/07/24/153504.aspxAt my day job I do look at a lot of code written by other people. Most of the code is quite good and some is even a masterpiece. And there is also code which makes you think WTF… oh it was written by me. Hm not so bad after all. There are many excuses reasons for bad code. Most often it is time pressure followed by not enough ambition (who cares) or insufficient training. Normally I do care about code quality quite a lot which makes me a (perceived) slow worker who does write many tests and refines the code quite a lot because of the design deficiencies. Most of the deficiencies I do find by putting my design under stress while checking for invariants. It does also help a lot to step into the code with a debugger (sometimes also Windbg). I do this much more often when my tests are red. That way I do get a much better understanding what my code really does and not what I think it should be doing. This time I do want to show you how code can evolve over the years with different .NET Framework versions. Once there was  time where .NET 1.1 was new and many C++ programmers did switch over to get rid of not initialized pointers and memory leaks. There were also nice new data structures available such as the Hashtable which is fast lookup table with O(1) time complexity. All was good and much code was written since then. At 2005 a new version of the .NET Framework did arrive which did bring many new things like generics and new data structures. The “old” fashioned way of Hashtable were coming to an end and everyone used the new Dictionary<xx,xx> type instead which was type safe and faster because the object to type conversion (aka boxing) was no longer necessary. I think 95% of all Hashtables and dictionaries use string as key. Often it is convenient to ignore casing to make it easy to look up values which the user did enter. An often followed route is to convert the string to upper case before putting it into the Hashtable. Hashtable Table = new Hashtable(); void Add(string key, string value) { Table.Add(key.ToUpper(), value); } This is valid and working code but it has problems. First we can pass to the Hashtable a custom IEqualityComparer to do the string matching case insensitive. Second we can switch over to the now also old Dictionary type to become a little faster and we can keep the the original keys (not upper cased) in the dictionary. Dictionary<string, string> DictTable = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); void AddDict(string key, string value) { DictTable.Add(key, value); } Many people do not user the other ctors of Dictionary because they do shy away from the overhead of writing their own comparer. They do not know that .NET has for strings already predefined comparers at hand which you can directly use. Today in the many core area we do use threads all over the place. Sometimes things break in subtle ways but most of the time it is sufficient to place a lock around the offender. Threading has become so mainstream that it may sound weird that in the year 2000 some guy got a huge incentive for the idea to reduce the time to process calibration data from 12 hours to 6 hours by using two threads on a dual core machine. Threading does make it easy to become faster at the expense of correctness. Correct and scalable multithreading can be arbitrarily hard to achieve depending on the problem you are trying to solve. Lets suppose we want to process millions of items with two threads and count the processed items processed by all threads. A typical beginners code might look like this: int Counter; void IJustLearnedToUseThreads() { var t1 = new Thread(ThreadWorkMethod); t1.Start(); var t2 = new Thread(ThreadWorkMethod); t2.Start(); t1.Join(); t2.Join(); if (Counter != 2 * Increments) throw new Exception("Hmm " + Counter + " != " + 2 * Increments); } const int Increments = 10 * 1000 * 1000; void ThreadWorkMethod() { for (int i = 0; i < Increments; i++) { Counter++; } } It does throw an exception with the message e.g. “Hmm 10.222.287 != 20.000.000” and does never finish. The code does fail because the assumption that Counter++ is an atomic operation is wrong. The ++ operator is just a shortcut for Counter = Counter + 1 This does involve reading the counter from a memory location into the CPU, incrementing value on the CPU and writing the new value back to the memory location. When we do look at the generated assembly code we will see only inc dword ptr [ecx+10h] which is only one instruction. Yes it is one instruction but it is not atomic. All modern CPUs have several layers of caches (L1,L2,L3) which try to hide the fact how slow actual main memory accesses are. Since cache is just another word for redundant copy it can happen that one CPU does read a value from main memory into the cache, modifies it and write it back to the main memory. The problem is that at least the L1 cache is not shared between CPUs so it can happen that one CPU does make changes to values which did change in meantime in the main memory. From the exception you can see we did increment the value 20 million times but half of the changes were lost because we did overwrite the already changed value from the other thread. This is a very common case and people do learn to protect their  data with proper locking.   void Intermediate() { var time = Stopwatch.StartNew(); Action acc = ThreadWorkMethod_Intermediate; var ar1 = acc.BeginInvoke(null, null); var ar2 = acc.BeginInvoke(null, null); ar1.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(); ar2.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(); if (Counter != 2 * Increments) throw new Exception(String.Format("Hmm {0:N0} != {1:N0}", Counter, 2 * Increments)); Console.WriteLine("Intermediate did take: {0:F1}s", time.Elapsed.TotalSeconds); } void ThreadWorkMethod_Intermediate() { for (int i = 0; i < Increments; i++) { lock (this) { Counter++; } } } This is better and does use the .NET Threadpool to get rid of manual thread management. It does give the expected result but it can result in deadlocks because you do lock on this. This is in general a bad idea since it can lead to deadlocks when other threads use your class instance as lock object. It is therefore recommended to create a private object as lock object to ensure that nobody else can lock your lock object. When you read more about threading you will read about lock free algorithms. They are nice and can improve performance quite a lot but you need to pay close attention to the CLR memory model. It does make quite weak guarantees in general but it can still work because your CPU architecture does give you more invariants than the CLR memory model. For a simple counter there is an easy lock free alternative present with the Interlocked class in .NET. As a general rule you should not try to write lock free algos since most likely you will fail to get it right on all CPU architectures. void Experienced() { var time = Stopwatch.StartNew(); Task t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(ThreadWorkMethod_Experienced); Task t2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(ThreadWorkMethod_Experienced); t1.Wait(); t2.Wait(); if (Counter != 2 * Increments) throw new Exception(String.Format("Hmm {0:N0} != {1:N0}", Counter, 2 * Increments)); Console.WriteLine("Experienced did take: {0:F1}s", time.Elapsed.TotalSeconds); } void ThreadWorkMethod_Experienced() { for (int i = 0; i < Increments; i++) { Interlocked.Increment(ref Counter); } } Since time does move forward we do not use threads explicitly anymore but the much nicer Task abstraction which was introduced with .NET 4 at 2010. It is educational to look at the generated assembly code. The Interlocked.Increment method must be called which does wondrous things right? Lets see: lock inc dword ptr [eax] The first thing to note that there is no method call at all. Why? Because the JIT compiler does know very well about CPU intrinsic functions. Atomic operations which do lock the memory bus to prevent other processors to read stale values are such things. Second: This is the same increment call prefixed with a lock instruction. The only reason for the existence of the Interlocked class is that the JIT compiler can compile it to the matching CPU intrinsic functions which can not only increment by one but can also do an add, exchange and a combined compare and exchange operation. But be warned that the correct usage of its methods can be tricky. If you try to be clever and look a the generated IL code and try to reason about its efficiency you will fail. Only the generated machine code counts. Is this the best code we can write? Perhaps. It is nice and clean. But can we make it any faster? Lets see how good we are doing currently. Level Time in s IJustLearnedToUseThreads Flawed Code Intermediate 1,5 (lock) Experienced 0,3 (Interlocked.Increment) Master 0,1 (1,0 for int[2]) That lock free thing is really a nice thing. But if you read more about CPU cache, cache coherency, false sharing you can do even better. int[] Counters = new int[12]; // Cache line size is 64 bytes on my machine with an 8 way associative cache try for yourself e.g. 64 on more modern CPUs void Master() { var time = Stopwatch.StartNew(); Task t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(ThreadWorkMethod_Master, 0); Task t2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(ThreadWorkMethod_Master, Counters.Length - 1); t1.Wait(); t2.Wait(); Counter = Counters[0] + Counters[Counters.Length - 1]; if (Counter != 2 * Increments) throw new Exception(String.Format("Hmm {0:N0} != {1:N0}", Counter, 2 * Increments)); Console.WriteLine("Master did take: {0:F1}s", time.Elapsed.TotalSeconds); } void ThreadWorkMethod_Master(object number) { int index = (int) number; for (int i = 0; i < Increments; i++) { Counters[index]++; } } The key insight here is to use for each core its own value. But if you simply use simply an integer array of two items, one for each core and add the items at the end you will be much slower than the lock free version (factor 3). Each CPU core has its own cache line size which is something in the range of 16-256 bytes. When you do access a value from one location the CPU does not only fetch one value from main memory but a complete cache line (e.g. 16 bytes). This means that you do not pay for the next 15 bytes when you access them. This can lead to dramatic performance improvements and non obvious code which is faster although it does have many more memory reads than another algorithm. So what have we done here? We have started with correct code but it was lacking knowledge how to use the .NET Base Class Libraries optimally. Then we did try to get fancy and used threads for the first time and failed. Our next try was better but it still had non obvious issues (lock object exposed to the outside). Knowledge has increased further and we have found a lock free version of our counter which is a nice and clean way which is a perfectly valid solution. The last example is only here to show you how you can get most out of threading by paying close attention to your used data structures and CPU cache coherency. Although we are working in a virtual execution environment in a high level language with automatic memory management it does pay off to know the details down to the assembly level. Only if you continue to learn and to dig deeper you can come up with solutions no one else was even considering. I have studied particle physics which does help at the digging deeper part. Have you ever tried to solve Quantum Chromodynamics equations? Compared to that the rest must be easy ;-). Although I am no longer working in the Science field I take pride in discovering non obvious things. This can be a very hard to find bug or a new way to restructure data to make something 10 times faster. Now I need to get some sleep ….

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• How do you load and save content from a Silverlight 4 RichTextBox control?

  - by AnthonyWJones

  I've been reviewing the features of the RichTextBox control in Silverlight 4. What I've yet to find is any examples of Loading and Saving content in the RichTextBox. Anyone come across any or can shed some light on it? The control has a BlocksCollection in which I guess one could use the XamlReader to load a bunch of markup assuming that markup has a single top level node of type Block. Then add that block to the Blocks collection. Seems a shame that the RichTextBox bothers to have a "collection" in this case, why not simply a top-level Block item? Never-the-less that still leaves saving the content of a RichTextBox, I have no idea where to begin with that one? I'm sure I must be missing the obvious here but unless loading and saving data in to and from RichTextBox is at least possible if not easy I can't see how we can actually put it to use. Edit Thanks to DaveB's answer I found discussion of something called the DocumentPersister. However no reference to this class can be found in the MSDN documentation nor can I find it in the installed dlls via object browser search. Anyone, anyone at all?

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• Can somebody explain the differences, status and future of the various ASP.NET AJAX libraries and to

  - by tjrobinson

  I'm confused about the differences and relationships between the various Microsoft ASP.NET AJAX components/libraries/toolkits and particularly the naming of them. It starts off relatively simple with ASP.NET AJAX itself: ASP.NET AJAX 1.0 (available for ASP.NET 2.0 in a separate package called ASP.NET 1.0 Extensions) ASP.NET AJAX 3.5 (included with ASP.NET 3.5) ASP.NET AJAX 4.0 (included with ASP.NET 4.0) Then come the various projects on CodePlex and elsewhere: ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit (aka Original Ajax Control Toolkit) Samples CodePlex It seems that the September 2009 Release is the final release of the Original Ajax Control Toolkit and that it's been superseded by... Ajax Control Toolkit in ASP.NET Ajax Library It looks like the old ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit has now become part of a larger ASP.NET Ajax Library but is still maintained seperately on CodePlex. This release is in beta at time of writing so presumably if I want to use the "Control Toolkit" I should stick with the September 2009 Release of the Original ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit CodePlex Microsoft Ajax Library Preview Is this the same as the ASP.NET Ajax Library mentioned above just with a confusing name variation? Is the "Control Toolkit" included in Preview 6 and is it older newer or older than the code in Ajax Control Toolkit in ASP.NET Ajax Library? CodePlex Microsoft ASP.NET Ajax Wiki - note the inconsistent insertion of ASP.NET into the name Links to useful articles, roadmaps would be useful.

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• FileDialog DoubleClick Behavior

  - by Shaun Hamman

  While developing a WinForms application, I came across what I believe is a bug in the OpenFileDialog and SaveFileDialog controls. A Google search turned up a single other person who noticed the same issue, but neither a solution nor a workaround was provided. You can view this thread at: http://bytes.com/topic/visual-basic-net/answers/389470-open-file-dialog-picturebox-click-event. I have a custom control on my form that handles the MouseDown event. If I doubleclick a file in a FileDialog control while the mouse is over this control (with the dialog between them, obviously), the MouseDown event gets triggered. I don't think this is an issue with my control, because the person I mentioned before noticed this happening with a PictureBox control. It would seem that even though the mouse button was pressed down (for the second click to open the file) while on the dialog box, the event passed through to the form and my control when the dialog closed. I have tried disabling my control while the dialog box is active, but that didn't stop it from capturing the event. I assume this is because the event is passed down after the dialog closes, so my control would be re-enabled. Does anyone know of a way to prevent that click from reaching the form and, in turn, my control? Also, can anyone confirm if this really is a bug in the FileDialog controls, or if I just have some setting configured incorrectly?

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• Why do I lose my javascript from the browser cache after a full page postback?

  - by burak ozdogan

  Hi, I have an external javascript file which I include to my page on the code behind (as seen below). My problem is, when I my page makes a postback (not partial one), I check the loaded scripts by using FireBug, and I cannot see the javascript file in the list after the post back. I asusmed once it is included to page on the first load, browser will be caching it so that I do not need to re-include it. What am I doing wrong? The way I include the script is here: protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e) { if (this.Page.IsPostBack==false) { if (this.Page.ClientScript.IsClientScriptIncludeRegistered("ctlPalletDetail")==false) { string guidParamToHackBrowserCaching = System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); this.Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptInclude("ctlPalletDetail", ResolveUrl(String.Format("~/clientScripts/ctlLtlRequestDetail.js?par={0}",guidParamToHackBrowserCaching))); } } base.OnInit(e); }

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• Alternatives to HtmlTextWriter in a System.Web.UI.Control?

  - by Marco Bettiolo

  Hi, Can you use FluentHTML or other alternatives in an web application user control? Can you put a markup file in a System.Web.UI.Control like the System.Web.UI.UserControl but without the burden of the Page object? I would like to reduce the number of lines of the following code: writer.Write(SacrificalMarkupPage.GenerateControlMarkup(new DialogConfirm())); writer.AddAttribute("class", string.Format("ajaxResponse {0}", action)); writer.RenderBeginTag("div"); writer.RenderBeginTag("h4"); writer.WriteEncodedText("Delete selected item?"); writer.RenderEndTag(); //h4 var queryString = new HttpQueryString { {"confirmed", "true"}, {"src", urlReferer.PathAndQuery} }; writer.AddAttribute("href", queryString.MakeQueryString(url).PathAndQuery); writer.AddAttribute("class", "delete"); writer.RenderBeginTag("a"); writer.WriteEncodedText("Yes"); writer.RenderEndTag(); //a.delete writer.WriteEncodedText(" | "); writer.AddAttribute("href", urlReferer.PathAndQuery); writer.AddAttribute("class", "back"); writer.RenderBeginTag("a"); writer.WriteEncodedText("No"); writer.RenderEndTag(); //a.back writer.RenderEndTag(); //div.ajaxResponse.ACTION Thanks

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• Does the asp.net RoleManager really cache the roles for a user in a cookie if so configured?

  - by Ralph Shillington

  In my web.config I have the Role Manager configured as follows: <roleManager enabled="true" cacheRolesInCookie="true" cookieName=".ASPROLES" cookieTimeout="30" cookiePath="/" cookieRequireSSL="false" cookieSlidingExpiration="true" cookieProtection="All"> however in our custom RoleProvider it would seems that the GetRolesForUser method is always being called, rather than as I would have expected, the RoleManager serving up the roles from its cookie. We're using something like to get the roles for a user: string[] myroles = Role.GetRolesForUser("myuser"); Is there something that I'm missing in the configuration, or in the use of the RoleManager Thanks in advance

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• Best approach for a multi-tab ASP.NET AJAX control?

  - by NovaJoe

  Looking for some implementation advice: I have a page that has a 3-tab ajaxToolkit:TabContainer. The purpose of the page is to expose a calculator that has two basic inputs: geo-location and date. The three tabs are labeled "City and State", "Postal Code", and "GPS Coordinates". The layout of each tab container is the same for each tab, with the exception of the location section; the location section changes because each type of location has different inputs. For example, to specify city/state, there will be three fields: city, country, and state (country and state will use cascading drop-down lists). But Postal code requires only one field (which will validate via regular expression for allowed countries). See the example design mockup: So, what I WOULD LIKE to do (in order to minimize duplicate code), is to have a common control that contains the layout and structure of the calculator without specifying anything about the location section. Then, I'd like to be able to pull in each of the unique location controls based on what tab is selected. The tab structure exists at the page level, not in a control. Any advice? I was looking at templated controls (see MSDN article here), but I'm not convinced that it's the right solution. If I HAVE to create three separate controls with similar layouts and common elements, then that's what I have to do. But REALLY, I'd prefer a more elegant, inheritance-based solution. Any advice would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• Why user control with code behind file doesn't want to compile under MVC2?

  - by kyrisu

  I have user control in my MVC2 app placed in the Content folder (it's not supposed to be a view, just reusable part of the app). UserControl1.ascx looks like: <@ Control AutoEventWireup="true" Language="C#" CodeFile="~/Content/UserControl1.ascx.cs" Inherits="MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1" %> <div runat="server" id="mydiv"> <asp:LinkButton id="lb_text" runat="server"></asp:LinkButton> </div> UserControl1.ascx.cs looks like: using System; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; namespace MVCDrill.Content { public class UserControl1 : UserControl { public string Text { get { return this.lb_text.Text; } set { this.lb_text.Text = value; } } } } I'm pretty sure this kind of stuff compiled under webforms but I'm getting compilation error: 'MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1' does not contain a definition for 'lb_text' and no extension method 'lb_text' accepting a first argument of type 'MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Am I missing something? How to change it (what is the alternative) in MVC2 ? p.s. Intellisense sees lb_text with no problem. I've tried with different controls with the same outcome.

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• How to assign Image Uri in a custom Control.

  - by Subhen

  Hi, I want to place an image inside my custom control , so my generic.xaml looks like below: <Style TargetType="local:generic"> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="local:generic"> <Grid Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"> <Rectangle> <Rectangle.Fill> <SolidColorBrush x:Name="BackgroundBrush" Opacity="0" /> </Rectangle.Fill> </Rectangle> <TextBlock Text="{TemplateBinding Text}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}"/> <Image Source="{TemplateBinding Source}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/> </Grid> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> My Codebehind is as follows: public class Generic : Control { public static DependencyProperty ImageUri = DependencyProperty.Register("Source", typeof(Uri), typeof(generic), new PropertyMetadata("")); public Uri Source { get { return (Uri)GetValue(generic.ImageUri); } set { SetValue(generic.ImageUri, value); } } public generic() { this.DefaultStyleKey = typeof(generic); } } Apllication is compiling fine but while I am trying to run it throws the following exception : $exception {System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException: System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'testCstmCntrl.themes.generic' threw an exception. ---> System.ArgumentException: Default value type does not match type of property. Thanks, Subhen

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• How can I handle events within my custom control?

  - by highone

  I am not looking to create new events. I need to create a canvas control that optionally fades in or out depending on whether or not the mouse is over it. The code below probably explains what I want to do better than I can. private Storyboard fadeInStoryboard; private Storyboard fadeOutStoryboard; public FadingOptionPanel() { InitializeComponent(); } public static readonly DependencyProperty FadeEnabledProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("IsFadeEnabled", typeof(bool), typeof(FadingOptionPanel), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(true, OnFadeEnabledPropertyChanged, OnCoerceFadeEnabledProperty)); public bool IsFadeEnabled { get { return (bool)GetValue(FadeEnabledProperty); } set { SetValue(FadeEnabledProperty, value); } } private static void OnFadeEnabledPropertyChanged(DependencyObject source, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) { } private static object OnCoerceFadeEnabledProperty(DependencyObject sender, object data) { if (data.GetType() != typeof(bool)) { data = true; } return data; } private void FadingOptionPanel_MouseEnter(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if (IsFadeEnabled) { fadeInStoryboard.Begin(this); } } private void FadingOptionPanel_MouseLeave(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if (IsFadeEnabled) { fadeOutStoryboard.Begin(this); } } private void FadingOptionsPanel_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //Initialize Fade In Animation DoubleAnimation fadeInDoubleAnimation = new DoubleAnimation(); fadeInDoubleAnimation.From = 0; fadeInDoubleAnimation.To = 1; fadeInDoubleAnimation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(.5)); fadeInStoryboard = new Storyboard(); fadeInStoryboard.Children.Add(fadeInDoubleAnimation); Storyboard.SetTargetName(fadeInDoubleAnimation, this.Name); Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(fadeInDoubleAnimation, new PropertyPath(Canvas.OpacityProperty)); //Initialize Fade Out Animation DoubleAnimation fadeOutDoubleAnimation = new DoubleAnimation(); fadeOutDoubleAnimation.From = 1; fadeOutDoubleAnimation.To = 0; fadeOutDoubleAnimation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(.2)); fadeOutStoryboard = new Storyboard(); fadeOutStoryboard.Children.Add(fadeOutDoubleAnimation); Storyboard.SetTargetName(fadeOutDoubleAnimation, this.Name); Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(fadeOutDoubleAnimation, new PropertyPath(Canvas.OpacityProperty)); } I originally was using this code inside a usercontrol instead of a custom control before I found out that usercontrols don't support content.

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• Presence icon only showing for first person

  - by James123

  I am trying to show my colleagues in my custom webpart. So I adding presence Icon to each of colleague. It is showing fine when colleague is 1 only. If We have colleague more than 1 Presence Icon showing for 1st colleague you can dropdow that Icon also but other colleagues it is show simple Presense Icon (grayout) (not drop down is comming). code is like this. private static Panel GetUserInfo(UserProfile profile,Panel html, int cnt) { LiteralControl imnrc = new LiteralControl(); imnrc.Text = "<span style=\"padding: 0 5px 0 5px;\"><img border=\"0\" valign=\"middle\" height=\"12\" width=\"12\" src=\"/_layouts/images/imnhdr.gif\" onload=\"IMNRC('" + profile[PropertyConstants.WorkEmail].Value.ToString() + "')\" ShowOfflinePawn=1 id=\"IMID[GUID]\" ></span>"; html.Controls.Add(imnrc); html.Controls.Add(GetNameControl(profile)); //html.Controls.Add(new LiteralControl("<br>")); return html; } private static Control GetNameControl(UserProfile profile) { //bool hasMySite = profile[PropertyConstants.PublicSiteRedirect].Value == null ? false : true; bool hasMySite =string.IsNullOrEmpty(profile.PublicUrl.ToString()) ? false : true; string name = profile[PropertyConstants.PreferredName].Value.ToString(); if (hasMySite) { HyperLink control = new HyperLink(); control.NavigateUrl = String.IsNullOrEmpty(profile.PublicUrl.ToString()) ? null : profile.PublicUrl.ToString(); control.Style.Add("text-decoration","none"); control.Text = name; return control; } else { LiteralControl control = new LiteralControl(); control.Text = name; return control; } } http://i700.photobucket.com/albums/ww5/vsrikanth/presence-1.jpg

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• WPF - Adding ContentControl to Custom Canvas

  - by Alp Hancioglu

  I have a custom DrawingCanvas which is inherited from Canvas. When I add a ContentControl to DrawingCanvas with the following code nothing shows up. GraphicsRectangle rect = new GraphicsRectangle(0, 0, 200, 200, 5, Colors.Blue); DrawingContainer host = new DrawingContainer(rect); ContentControl control = new ContentControl(); control.Width = 200; control.Height = 200; DrawingCanvas.SetLeft(control, 100); DrawingCanvas.SetTop(control, 100); control.Style = Application.Current.Resources["DesignerItemStyle"] as Style; control.Content = host; drawingCanvas.Children.Add(control); GraphicsRectangle is a DrawingVisual and the constructor above draws a Rect with (0,0) top left point and length of 200 to the drawingContext of GraphicsRectangle. DrawingContainer is a FrameworkElement and it has one child, which is rect above, given with constructor. DrawingContainer implements GetVisualChild and VisualChildrenCount override methods. At last, Content property of ContentControl is set to the DrawingContainer to be able to show the DrawingVisual's content. When I add the created ContentControl to a regular Canvas, control is showed correctly. I guess the reason is that DrawingCanvas doesn't implement ArrangeOverride method. It only implements MeasureOverride method. Also DrawingContainer doesn't implement Measure and Arrange override methods. Any ideas?

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• Overridden button control escaping content. How to stop it?

  - by RemotecUk

  Hi, I've got an ASP.Net button control that I have overridden to provide different functionality. the code looks as follows.. I'm overriding the Render method to surround the control with an <a>... /// <summary> /// Render Method /// </summary> /// <param name="writer"></param> protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer) { base.CssClass = "euva-button-decorated"; writer.Write("<a class=\"euva-button\">"); base.Render(writer); writer.Write("</a>"); } When I check the generated source on the page, I find that where ASP.Net has injected its click handler it does the following... <a class="euva-button"><input type="submit" name="TestButton" value="Test Button" onclick="clickOnce(this);WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions(&quot;TestButton&quot;, &quot;&quot;, true, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, false, false))" id="TestButton" class="euva-button-decorated" /></a> ... it seems to be escaping the output for the double quotes which means that the browser cannot understand the javascript. How do I make the render method not escape the injected ASP.Net client click handler ?? Note I also have my own client click handler which is declared declaratively in the page mark-up.

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