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  • Pythonic Java. Yes, or no?

    - by OscarRyz
    Python use of indentation for code scope was initially very polemic and now is considered one of the best language features, because it helps ( almost by forcing us ) to have a consistent style. Well, I saw this post http://bit.ly/hmvTe9 where someone posted Java code with ; y {} aligned to the right margin to look more pythonic. It was very shocking at first ( as a matter of fact, if I ever see Java code like that in one of my projects I would be scared! ) However, there is something interesting here. Do we need all those braces and semicolons? How would the code would look like without them? class Person int age void greet( String a ) if( a == "" ) out.println("Hello stranger") else out.printf("Hello %s%n", a ) int age() return this.age class Main void main() new Person().greet("") Looks good to me, but in such small piece of code is hard to appreciate it, and since I don't Python too much, I can't tell by looking at existing libraries if it would be cleaner or not. So I took the first file of a library named: jAlarms I found and this is the result: ( WARNING : the following image may be disturbing for some people ) http://pxe.pastebin.com/eU1R4xsh Obviously it doesn't compile. This would be a compiling version using right aligned {} and ; http://pxe.pastebin.com/2uijtbYM Question What would happen if we could code like this? Would it make things clearer? Would it make it harder? I see braces, and semicolons as help to the parser and we, as humans have get used to them, but do we really need them? I guess is hard to tell specially since many mainstream languages do use braces, C, C++, Java, C# JavaScript Assuming the compiler wouldn't have problems without them, would you use them? Please comment.

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  • Installing both lxml 3.1.2 and lxml2 on ubuntu 12.04

    - by wgw
    I asked this on SO: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19852911/lxml-3-1-2-and-lxml2-both-on-ubuntu/19856674#19856674 But it is perhaps more appropriate for AskUbuntu. So here it is again, reformulated. On the lxml site they suggest that it is possible to have both lxml2 and the newest version of lxml on ubuntu: Using lxml with python-libxml2 If you want to use lxml together with the official libxml2 Python bindings (maybe because one of your dependencies uses it), you must build lxml statically. Otherwise, the two packages will interfere in places where the libxml2 library requires global configuration, which can have any kind of effect from disappearing functionality to crashes in either of the two. To get a static build, either pass the --static-deps option to the setup.py script, or run pip with the STATIC_DEPS or STATICBUILD environment variable set to true, i.e. STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml The STATICBUILD environment variable is handled equivalently to the STATIC_DEPS variable, but is used by some other extension packages, too. I am generally confused about how pip packages and ubuntu packages get along, so I hesitate to run STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml. Will it damage/confuse my installed lxml2 package? The suggestion on SO was to install the new lxml in a virtualenv. That looks like the best way to go, but the lxml site is suggesting that a dual installation will work also. In general: what happens if I use pip (to get a newer install) for a package that is already installed by apt-get?

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  • puImportError: No module named pyexpat

    - by Candy Gupta
    Whenever I try to launch 'hotot' I get this errors. This error also appears if i try something stupid in terminal along with "No Module named gdm" Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat I am on Ubuntu 12.04 python 2.7.3. I found similar problem here https://github.com/Kindari/SublimeXdebug/issues/5 but did not work. as asked below I am inserting this too ls /usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/ audioop.so _codecs_cn.so _codecs_jp.so crypt.so _ctypes_test.so _elementtree.so _io.so _multibytecodec.so _sqlite3.so _bsddb.so _codecs_hk.so _codecs_kr.so _csv.so _curses_panel.so _heapq.so _json.so _multiprocessing.so _testcapi.so bz2.so _codecs_iso2022.so _codecs_tw.so _ctypes.so _curses.so _hotshot.so _lsprof.so Python-2.7.egg-info

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  • Sendmail encrypted

    - by user1948828
    I manage a website running on Apache. It has public and private areas. When people apply for an account to access the protected portions of the site, they do a TLS/SSL protected POST containing their information which is saved to a (hopefully) nonpublic directory on the server. Then I have a python script which takes URL Encoded POSTS with this user information, sends back a plaintext confirmation to the applicant, encrypts their information with a freeware java command-line utility to protect it (specifically this one: http://spi.dod.mil/ewizard.htm), base64 encodes them, puts them in a file as a mime attachment and uses sendmail to forward the file information to my (and several coworkers' scattered around the country) email account(s) on an Exchange server with Outlook clients. This has worked well for years, but is awkward because it involves manually decrypting the information on a windows box once it is received, using the above mentioned encryption utility. This significantly limits how many can be processed. I would like to be able to encrypt my information in a format that Outlook/Exchange can inherently understand and display so that these emails can be viewed simply by clicking on them. I do have company provided PKI public certs for all the people I need to send to, and am able to send/receive encrypted emails on Outlook manually, but would like to know how I can send to Outlook from apache/linux/python from the command line using the same PKI certs. Dont need to receive them, just send. Is there a utility that can do this? I had thought pgp might but I havent been able to figure it out.

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  • Tried teaching myself to program before college, accidently overwhelmed myself, tips?

    - by Gunnar Keith
    I'm sixteen, I'm overly interested in programming, and I'm currently taking IT classes during my mornings in high school. Last year, I tried teaching myself to code. It was quite exciting, but all I did was watch TheNewBoston's videos on YouTube for Python. After his tutorials, I just did research, made some CMD programs, and that's it. After that, I got cocky and got my feet wet in many other languages. Java, C++, C#, Perl, Ruby... and it overwhelmed me. Which made it less fun to code. I want to go to college for a 2 year programming course. And I want to make writing code my profession. But how do you recommend I attack re-learning it all again? Start with Python? Don't even try? Also, I'm not 100% in math, but I'm good friends with a lot of programmers, who say they suck at math, but manage to code just fine. I'm not looking for negative feedback. I just want the proper head-start on things before college.

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  • Functional programming compared to OOP with classes

    - by luckysmack
    I have been interested in some of the concepts of functional programming lately. I have used OOP for some time now. I can see how I would build a fairly complex app in OOP. Each object would know how to do things that object does. Or anything it's parents class does as well. So I can simply tell Person().speak() to make the person talk. But how do I do similar things in functional programming? I see how functions are first class items. But that function only does one specific thing. Would I simply have a say() method floating around and call it with an equivalent of Person() argument so I know what kind of thing is saying something? So I can see the simple things, just how would I do the comparable of OOP and objects in functional programming, so I can modularize and organize my code base? For reference, my primary experience with OOP is Python, PHP, and some C#. The languages that I am looking at that have functional features are Scala and Haskell. Though I am leaning towards Scala. Basic Example (Python): Animal(object): def say(self, what): print(what) Dog(Animal): def say(self, what): super().say('dog barks: {0}'.format(what)) Cat(Animal): def say(self, what): super().say('cat meows: {0}'.format(what)) dog = Dog() cat = Cat() dog.say('ruff') cat.say('purr')

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  • Splitting Pygame functionality between classes or modules?

    - by sec_goat
    I am attempting to make my pygame application more modular so that different functionalities are split up into different classes and modules. I am having some trouble getting pygame to allow me to draw or load images in secondary classes when the display has been set and pygame.init() has been done in my main class. I have typically used C# and XNA to accomplish this sort of behavior, but this time I need to use python. How do I init pygame in class1, then create an instance of class2 which loads and converts() images. I have tried pygame.init() in class 2 but then it tells me no display mode has been set, when it has been set in class1. I am under the impression i do not wnat to create multiple pygame.displays as that gets problematic I am probably missing something pythonic and simple but I am not sure what. How do I create a Display class, init python and then have other modules do my work like loading images, fonts etc.? here is the simplest version of what I am doing: class1: def __init__(self): self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,400)) self.imageLoader = class2() class2: def __init__(self): self.images = ['list of images'] def load_images(): self.images = os.listdir('./images/') #get all images in the images directory for img in self.images: #read all images in the directory and load them into pygame new_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images', img)).convert() scale_img = pygame.transform.scale(new_img, (pygame.display.Info().current_w, pygame.display.Info().current_h)) self.images.append(scale_img) if __name__ == "__main__": c1 = class1() c1.imageLoader.load_images() Of course when it tries to load an convert the images it tells me pygame has not been initialized, so i throw in a pygame.init() in class2 ( i have heard it is safe to init multiple times) and then the error goes to pygame.error: No video mode has been set

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  • tips, guidelines, points to remember for rendering professional code?

    - by ronnieaka
    I'm talking about giving clients professional looking code. The whole nine yards, everything you hardcore professional highly experienced programmers here probably do when coding freelance or for the company you work in. I'm fresh out of college and I'm going into freelance. I just want to be sure that my first few projects leave a good after-taste of professionalism imprinted on the clients' minds. When I Googled what i'm asking here, I was given pages that showed various websites and tools that let you make flashy websites and templates etc. The $N package and such stuff. I can't recall the word experts use for it. Standard, framework [i know that's not it]. English isn't my first language so I'm sorry I don't really don't know the exact phrase for it. That abstract way of writing code so that you don't come across as a sloppy programmer. That above mentioned way for programming websites and desktop software [in python/C/C++/Java]. EDIT: i can work on the accruing vast knowledge and know-how and logic building etc. what i'm asking for is the programming standard/guidelines you guys follow so that the client on seeing code feels that its a professional solution. Like comment blocks, a particular indentation style something like that. Is there any book on it or specific list of points for enterprise type coding by them? Especially here as in my case, for building websites [php for now..], and desktop software [c/c++/java/python]

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  • How to populate a private container for unit test?

    - by Sardathrion
    I have a class that defines a private (well, __container to be exact since it is python) container. I am using the information within said container as part of the logic of what the class does and have the ability to add/delete the elements of said container. For unit tests, I need to populate this container with some data. That date depends on the test done and thus putting it all in setUp() would be impractical and bloated -- plus it could add unwanted side effects. Since the data is private, I can only add things via the public interface of the object. This run codes that need not be run during a unit test and in some case is just a copy and paste from another test. Currently, I am mocking the whole container but somehow it does not feel that elegant a solution. Due to Python mocking frame work (mock), this requires the container to be public -- so I can use patch.dict(). I would rather keep that data private. What pattern can one use to still populate the containers without excising the public method so I have data to test with? Is there a way to do this with mock' patch.dict() that I missed?

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  • I still can't figure out how to program!

    - by Mark K.
    Please help! I've read lots of programming books for various languages, Java, Python, C, etc. I understand and know all of the basics of the languages and I understand algorithms and data structures. (Equivilant of say 2 years of CompSci classes) BUT, I still can't figure how to write a program that does anything useful. All of the programming books show you how to write the language, but NOT how to use it! The programming examples are all very basic like build a card catalog for a library or a simple game or use algorithms etc... They dont't show you how to develop complex programs that actually do anything useful! I've looked a open-source programs on sourceforge, but they don't make much sense to me. There are hundreds of files in each program & thousands of lines of code. But how do I learn how to do this? There's nothing in any book I can buy on Amazon that will give me the tools to write any of these programs. How do you go from reading Intro to Java or Programming Python, or C Programming Language, etc.. to actually being able to say, I have an idea for X Program.. this is how I go about developing it? It seems like there is so much more involved in writing a program than you can learn in a book or from a class. I feel like there is someth Can anyone put me on the right track?

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  • Guidelines for creating referentially transparent callables

    - by max
    In some cases, I want to use referentially transparent callables while coding in Python. My goals are to help with handling concurrency, memoization, unit testing, and verification of code correctness. I want to write down clear rules for myself and other developers to follow that would ensure referential transparency. I don't mind that Python won't enforce any rules - we trust ourselves to follow them. Note that we never modify functions or methods in place (i.e., by hacking into the bytecode). Would the following make sense? A callable object c of class C will be referentially transparent if: Whenever the returned value of c(...) depends on any instance attributes, global variables, or disk files, such attributes, variables, and files must not change for the duration of the program execution; the only exception is that instance attributes may be changed during instance initialization. When c(...) is executed, no modifications to the program state occur that may affect the behavior of any object accessed through its "public interface" (as defined by us). If we don't put any restrictions on what "public interface" includes, then rule #2 becomes: When c(...) is executed, no objects are modified that are visible outside the scope of c.__call__. Note: I unsuccessfully tried to ask this question on SO, but I'm hoping it's more appropriate to this site.

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  • Oracle Identity Manager Role Management With API

    - by mustafakaya
    As an administrator, you use roles to create and manage the records of a collection of users to whom you want to permit access to common functionality, such as access rights, roles, or permissions. Roles can be independent of an organization, span multiple organizations, or contain users from a single organization. Using roles, you can: View the menu items that the users can access through Oracle Identity Manager Administration Web interface. Assign users to roles. Assign a role to a parent role Designate status to the users so that they can specify defined responses for process tasks. Modify permissions on data objects. Designate role administrators to perform actions on roles, such as enabling members of another role to assign users to the current role, revoke members from current role and so on. Designate provisioning policies for a role. These policies determine if a resource object is to be provisioned to or requested for a member of the role. Assign or remove membership rules to or from the role. These rules determine which users can be assigned/removed as direct membership to/from the role.  In this post, i will share some examples for role management with Oracle Identity Management API.  You can do role operations you can use Thor.API.Operations.tcGroupOperationsIntf interface. tcGroupOperationsIntf service =  getClient().getService(tcGroupOperationsIntf.class);     Assign an user to role :    public void assignRoleByUsrKey(String roleName, String usrKey) throws Exception {         Map<String, String> filter = new HashMap<String, String>();         filter.put("Groups.Role Name", roleName);         tcResultSet role = service.findGroups(filter);         String groupKey = role.getStringValue("Groups.Key");         service.addMemberUser(Long.parseLong(groupKey), Long.parseLong(usrKey));     }  Revoke an user from role:     public void revokeRoleByUsrKey(String roleName, String usrKey) throws Exception {         Map<String, String> filter = new HashMap<String, String>();         filter.put("Groups.Role Name", roleName);         tcResultSet role = service.findGroups(filter);         String groupKey = role.getStringValue("Groups.Key");         service.removeMemberUser(Long.parseLong(groupKey), Long.parseLong(usrKey));     } Get all members of a role :      public List<User> getRoleMembers(String roleName) throws Exception {         List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();         Map<String, String> filter = new HashMap<String, String>();         filter.put("Groups.Role Name", roleName);         tcResultSet role = service.findGroups(filter);       String groupKey = role.getStringValue("Groups.Key");         tcResultSet members = service.getAllMemberUsers(Long.parseLong(groupKey));         for (int i = 0; i < members.getRowCount(); i++) {                 members.goToRow(i);                 long userKey = members.getLongValue("Users.Key");                 User member = oimUserManager.findUserByUserKey(String.valueOf(userKey));                 userList.add(member);         }        return userList;     } About me: Mustafa Kaya is a Senior Consultant in Oracle Fusion Middleware Team, living in Istanbul. Before coming to Oracle, he worked in teams developing web applications and backend services at a telco company. He is a Java technology enthusiast, software engineer and addicted to learn new technologies,develop new ideas. Follow Mustafa on Twitter,Connect on LinkedIn, and visit his site for Oracle Fusion Middleware related tips.

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  • Best way to store a large amount of game objects and update the ones onscreen

    - by user3002473
    Good afternoon guys! I'm a young beginner game developer working on my first large scale game project and I've run into a situation where I'm not quite sure what the best solution may be (if there is a lone solution). The question may be vague (if anyone can think of a better title after having read the question, please edit it) or broad but I'm not quite sure what to do and I thought it would help just to discuss the problem with people more educated in the field. Before we get started, here are some of the questions I've looked at for help in the past: Best way to keep track of game objects Elegant way to simulate large amounts of entities within a game world What is the most efficient container to store dynamic game objects in? I've also read articles about different data structures commonly used in games to store game objects such as this one about slot maps, but none of them are really what I'm looking for. Also, if it helps at all I'm using Python 3 to design the game. It has to be Python 3, if I could I would use C++ or Unityscript or something else, but I'm restricted to having to use Python 3. My game will be a form of side scroller shooter game. In said game the player will traverse large rooms with large amounts of enemies and other game objects to update (think some of the larger areas in Cave Story or Iji). The player obviously can't see the entire room all at once, so there is a viewport that follows the player around and renders only a selection of the room and the game objects that it contains. This is not a foreign concept. The part that's getting me confused has to do with how certain game objects are updated. Some of them are to be updated constantly, regardless of whether or not they can be seen. Other objects however are only to be updated when they are onscreen (for example, an enemy would only be updated to react to the player when it is onscreen or when it is in a certain range of the screen). Another problem is that game objects have to be easily referable by other game objects; something that happens in the player's update() method may affect another object in the world. Collision detection in games is always a serious problem. I need a way of containing the game objects such that it minimizes the number of cases when testing for collisions against one another. The final problem is that of creating and destroying game objects. I think this problem is pretty self explanatory. To store the game objects then I've considered a number of different methods. The original method I had was to simply store all the objects in a hash table by an id. This method was simple, and decently fast as it allows all the objects to be looked up in O(1) complexity, and also allows them to be deleted fairly easily. Hash collisions would not be a major problem; I wasn't originally planning on using computer generated ids to store the game objects I was going to rely on them all using ids given to them by the game designer (such names would be strings like 'Player' or 'EnemyWeapon4'), and even if I did use computer generated ids, if I used a decent hashing algorithm then the chances of collisions would be around 1 in 4 billion. The problem with using a hash table however is that it is inefficient in checking to see what objects are in range of the viewport. Considering the fact that certain game objects move (as well as the viewport itself), the only solution I could think of in order to only update objects that are in the viewport would be to iterate through every object in the hash table and check if it is in the viewport or not, updating only the ones that are in the valid area. This would be incredibly slow in scenarios where the amount of game objects exceeds 500, or even 200. The second solution was to store everything in a 2-d list. The world is partitioned up into cells (a tilemap essentially), where each cell or tile is the same size and is square. Each cell would contain a list of the game objects that are currently occupying it (each game object would be inserted into a cell depending on the center of the object's collision mask). A 2-d list would allow me to take the top-left and bottom-right corners of the viewport and easily grab a rectangular area of the grid containing only the cells containing entities that are in valid range to be updated. This method also solves the problem of collision detection; when I take an entity I can find the cell that it is currently in, then check only against entities in it's cell and the 8 cells around it. One problem with this system however is that it prohibits easy lookup of game objects. One solution I had would be to simultaneously keep a hash table that would contain all the positions of the objects in the 2-d list indexed by the id of said object. The major problem with a 2-d list is that it would need to be rebuilt every single game frame (along with the hash table of object positions), which may be a serious detriment to game speed. Both systems have ups and downs and seem to solve some of each other's problems, however using them both together doesn't seem like the best solution either. If anyone has any thoughts, ideas, suggestions, comments, opinions or solutions on new data structures or better implementations of the existing data structures I have in mind, please post, any and all criticism and help is welcome. Thanks in advance! EDIT: Please don't close the question because it has a bad title, I'm just bad with names!

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  • pyscripter Rpyc error

    - by jf328
    pyscripter 2.5.3.0 x64, python 2.7.7 anaconda 2.0.1, windows 7 I was using pyscripter and EPD python happily in 32 bit, no problem. Just changed to 64 bit anaconda version and re-installed everything but now pyscripter cannot import rpyc -- it runs with internal engine (no anaconda), but no such error in pure python. Thanks very much! btw, there is a similar SO post few years ago, but the answer there does not work. *** Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:24:47) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. *** Internal Python engine is active *** *** Internal Python engine is active *** >>> import rpyc Traceback (most recent call last): File "<interactive input>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\rpyc\__init__.py", line 44, in <module> from rpyc.core import (SocketStream, TunneledSocketStream, PipeStream, Channel, File "C:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\rpyc\core\__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from rpyc.core.stream import SocketStream, TunneledSocketStream, PipeStream File "C:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\rpyc\core\stream.py", line 7, in <module> import socket File "C:\Anaconda\Lib\socket.py", line 47, in <module> import _socket ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified procedure could not be found. >>> C:\research>python Python 2.7.7 |Anaconda 2.0.1 (64-bit)| (default, Jun 11 2014, 10:40:02) [MSC v.1500 64bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics. Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org >>> import rpyc >>>

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  • Has Twisted changed its dependencies?

    - by cdecker
    Hi all, I'm currently working on a Python/Twisted project which is to be distributed and tested on Planetlab. For some reason my code was working on friday and now that I wanted to test a minor change it refuses to work at all: Traceback (most recent call last): File "acn_a4/src/node.py", line 6, in <module> from twisted.internet.protocol import DatagramProtocol File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Twisted-10.0.0-py2.5-linux-i686.egg/twisted/__init__.py", line 18, in <module> from twisted.python import compat File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Twisted-10.0.0-py2.5-linux-i686.egg/twisted/python/compat.py", line 146, in <module> import operator File "/home/cdecker/dev/acn/acn_a4/src/operator.py", line 7, in <module> File "/home/cdecker/acn_a4/src/node.py", line 6, in <module> from twisted.internet.protocol import DatagramProtocol File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Twisted-10.0.0-py2.5-linux-i686.egg/twisted/internet/protocol.py", line 20, in <module> from twisted.python import log, failure, components File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Twisted-10.0.0-py2.5-linux-i686.egg/twisted/python/log.py", line 19, in <module> from twisted.python import util, context, reflect File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Twisted-10.0.0-py2.5-linux-i686.egg/twisted/python/util.py", line 5, in <module> import os, sys, hmac, errno, new, inspect, warnings File "/usr/lib/python2.5/inspect.py", line 32, in <module> from operator import attrgetter ImportError: cannot import name attrgetter And since I'm pretty new to python I have no idea what could have caused this problem. All suggestions are welcome :-)

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  • python: what are efficient techniques to deal with deeply nested data in a flexible manner?

    - by AlexandreS
    My question is not about a specific code snippet but more general, so please bear with me: How should I organize the data I'm analyzing, and which tools should I use to manage it? I'm using python and numpy to analyse data. Because the python documentation indicates that dictionaries are very optimized in python, and also due to the fact that the data itself is very structured, I stored it in a deeply nested dictionary. Here is a skeleton of the dictionary: the position in the hierarchy defines the nature of the element, and each new line defines the contents of a key in the precedent level: [AS091209M02] [AS091209M01] [AS090901M06] ... [100113] [100211] [100128] [100121] [R16] [R17] [R03] [R15] [R05] [R04] [R07] ... [1263399103] ... [ImageSize] [FilePath] [Trials] [Depth] [Frames] [Responses] ... [N01] [N04] ... [Sequential] [Randomized] [Ch1] [Ch2] Edit: To explain a bit better my data set: [individual] ex: [AS091209M02] [imaging session (date string)] ex: [100113] [Region imaged] ex: [R16] [timestamp of file] ex [1263399103] [properties of file] ex: [Responses] [regions of interest in image ] ex [N01] [format of data] ex [Sequential] [channel of acquisition: this key indexes an array of values] ex [Ch1] The type of operations I perform is for instance to compute properties of the arrays (listed under Ch1, Ch2), pick up arrays to make a new collection, for instance analyze responses of N01 from region 16 (R16) of a given individual at different time points, etc. This structure works well for me and is very fast, as promised. I can analyze the full data set pretty quickly (and the dictionary is far too small to fill up my computer's ram : half a gig). My problem comes from the cumbersome manner in which I need to program the operations of the dictionary. I often have stretches of code that go like this: for mk in dic.keys(): for rgk in dic[mk].keys(): for nk in dic[mk][rgk].keys(): for ik in dic[mk][rgk][nk].keys(): for ek in dic[mk][rgk][nk][ik].keys(): #do something which is ugly, cumbersome, non reusable, and brittle (need to recode it for any variant of the dictionary). I tried using recursive functions, but apart from the simplest applications, I ran into some very nasty bugs and bizarre behaviors that caused a big waste of time (it does not help that I don't manage to debug with pdb in ipython when I'm dealing with deeply nested recursive functions). In the end the only recursive function I use regularly is the following: def dicExplorer(dic, depth = -1, stp = 0): '''prints the hierarchy of a dictionary. if depth not specified, will explore all the dictionary ''' if depth - stp == 0: return try : list_keys = dic.keys() except AttributeError: return stp += 1 for key in list_keys: else: print '+%s> [\'%s\']' %(stp * '---', key) dicExplorer(dic[key], depth, stp) I know I'm doing this wrong, because my code is long, noodly and non-reusable. I need to either use better techniques to flexibly manipulate the dictionaries, or to put the data in some database format (sqlite?). My problem is that since I'm (badly) self-taught in regards to programming, I lack practical experience and background knowledge to appreciate the options available. I'm ready to learn new tools (SQL, object oriented programming), whatever it takes to get the job done, but I am reluctant to invest my time and efforts into something that will be a dead end for my needs. So what are your suggestions to tackle this issue, and be able to code my tools in a more brief, flexible and re-usable manner?

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  • mod_cgi , mod_fastcgi, mod_scgi , mod_wsgi, mod_python, FLUP. I don't know how many more. what is mo

    - by claws
    I recently learnt Python. I liked it. I just wanted to use it for web development. This thought caused all the troubles. But I like these troubles :) Coming from PHP world where there is only one way standardized. I expected the same and searched for python & apache. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/449055/setting-up-python-on-windows-apache says Stay away from mod_python. One common misleading idea is that mod_python is like mod_php, but for python. That is not true. So what is equivalent of mod_php in python? I need little clarification on this one http://stackoverflow.com/questions/219110/how-python-web-frameworks-wsgi-and-cgi-fit-together CGI, FastCGI and SCGI are language agnostic. You can write CGI scripts in Perl, Python, C, bash, or even Assembly :). So, I guess mod_cgi , mod_fastcgi, mod_scgi are their corresponding apache modules. Right? WSGI is some kind of optimized/improved inshort an efficient version specifically designed for python language only. In order to use this mod_wsgi is a way to go. right? This leaves out mod_python. What is it then? Apache - mod_fastcgi - FLUP (via CGI protocol) - Django (via WSGI protocol) Flup is another way to run with wsgi for any webserver that can speak FCGI, SCGI or AJP What is FLUP? What is AJP? How did Django come in the picture? These questions raise quetions about PHP. How is it actually running? What technology is it using? mod_php & mod_python what are the differences? In future if I want to use Perl or Java then again will I have to get confused? Kindly can someone explain things clearly and give a Complete Picture.

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  • Why do I get a segmentation fault while redirecting sys.stdout to Tkinter.Text widget in Python?

    - by Brent Nash
    I'm in the process of building a GUI-based application with Python/Tkinter that builds on top of the existing Python bdb module. In this application, I want to silence all stdout/stderr from the console and redirect it to my GUI. To accomplish this purpose, I've written a specialized Tkinter.Text object (code at the end of the post). The basic idea is that when something is written to sys.stdout, it shows up as a line in the "Text" with the color black. If something is written to sys.stderr, it shows up as a line in the "Text" with the color red. As soon as something is written, the Text always scrolls down to view the most recent line. I'm using Python 2.6.1 at the moment. On Mac OS X 10.5, this seems to work great. I have had zero problems with it. On RedHat Enterprise Linux 5, however, I pretty reliably get a segmentation fault during the run of a script. The segmentation fault doesn't always occur in the same place, but it pretty much always occurs. If I comment out the sys.stdout= and sys.stderr= lines from my code, the segmentation faults seem to go away. I'm sure there are other ways around this that I will probably have to resort to, but can anyone see anything I'm doing blatantly wrong here that could be causing these segmentation faults? It's driving me nuts. Thanks! PS - I realize redirecting sys.stderr to the GUI might not be a great idea, but I still get segmentation faults even when I only redirect sys.stdout and not sys.stderr. I also realize that I'm allowing the Text to grow indefinitely at the moment. class ConsoleText(tk.Text): '''A Tkinter Text widget that provides a scrolling display of console stderr and stdout.''' class IORedirector(object): '''A general class for redirecting I/O to this Text widget.''' def __init__(self,text_area): self.text_area = text_area class StdoutRedirector(IORedirector): '''A class for redirecting stdout to this Text widget.''' def write(self,str): self.text_area.write(str,False) class StderrRedirector(IORedirector): '''A class for redirecting stderr to this Text widget.''' def write(self,str): self.text_area.write(str,True) def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw): '''See the __init__ for Tkinter.Text for most of this stuff.''' tk.Text.__init__(self, master, cnf, **kw) self.started = False self.write_lock = threading.Lock() self.tag_configure('STDOUT',background='white',foreground='black') self.tag_configure('STDERR',background='white',foreground='red') self.config(state=tk.DISABLED) def start(self): if self.started: return self.started = True self.original_stdout = sys.stdout self.original_stderr = sys.stderr stdout_redirector = ConsoleText.StdoutRedirector(self) stderr_redirector = ConsoleText.StderrRedirector(self) sys.stdout = stdout_redirector sys.stderr = stderr_redirector def stop(self): if not self.started: return self.started = False sys.stdout = self.original_stdout sys.stderr = self.original_stderr def write(self,val,is_stderr=False): #Fun Fact: The way Tkinter Text objects work is that if they're disabled, #you can't write into them AT ALL (via the GUI or programatically). Since we want them #disabled for the user, we have to set them to NORMAL (a.k.a. ENABLED), write to them, #then set their state back to DISABLED. self.write_lock.acquire() self.config(state=tk.NORMAL) self.insert('end',val,'STDERR' if is_stderr else 'STDOUT') self.see('end') self.config(state=tk.DISABLED) self.write_lock.release()

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  • Java Spotlight Episode 75: Greg Luck on JSR 107 Java Temporary Caching API

    - by Roger Brinkley
    Tweet Recorded live at Jfokus 2012, an interview with Greg Luck on JSR 107 Java Temporary Caching API. Joining us this week on the Java All Star Developer Panel is Alexis Moussine-Pouchkine, Java EE Developer Advocate. Right-click or Control-click to download this MP3 file. You can also subscribe to the Java Spotlight Podcast Feed to get the latest podcast automatically. If you use iTunes you can open iTunes and subscribe with this link:  Java Spotlight Podcast in iTunes. Show Notes News JavaOne 2012 call for papers is open (closes April 9th) LightFish, Adam Bien's lightweight telemetry application Java EE 6 sample code JavaFX 1.2 and 1.3 EOL Repeating Annotations in the Works Events March 26-29, EclipseCon, Reston, USA March 27, Virtual Developer Days - Java (Asia Pacific (English)),9:30 am to 2:00pm IST / 12:00pm to 4.30pm SGT  / 3.00pm - 7.30pm AEDT April 4-5, JavaOne Japan, Tokyo, Japan April 12, GreenJUG, Greenville, SC April 17-18, JavaOne Russia, Moscow Russia April 18–20, Devoxx France, Paris, France April 26, Mix-IT, Lyon, France, May 3-4, JavaOne India, Hyderabad, India Feature Interview Greg Luck founded Ehcache in 2003. He regularly speaks at conferences, writes and codes. He has also founded and maintains the JPam and Spnego open source projects, which are security focused. Prior to joining Terracotta in 2009, Greg was Chief Architect at Wotif.com where he provided technical leadership as the company went from a single product startup to a billion dollar public company with multiple product lines. Before that Greg was a consultant for ThoughtWorks with engagements in the US and Australia in the travel, health care, geospatial, banking and insurance industries. Before doing programming, Greg managed IT. He was CIO at Virgin Blue, Tempo Services, Stamford Hotels and Resorts and Australian Resorts. He is a Chartered Accountant, and spent 7 years with KPMG in small business and insolvency. Mail Bag What’s Cool RT @harkje: To update an earlier tweet: #JavaFX feels like Swing with added convenience methods, better looking widgets, nice effects and...

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  • TFS 2010 Build: Dealing with the API restriction error

    - by Jakob Ehn
    Recently I’ve come across this error a couple of times when running builds that exeucte unit tests using Test containers: API restriction: The assembly 'file:///C:\Builds\<path>\myassembly.dll' has already loaded from a different location. It cannot be loaded from a new location within the same appdomain. Every time I’ve got this error, the project has been a web application, and the path to the assembly points down to the _PublishedWebsites directory that is created beneath the Binaries folder during a team build. The error description really says it all (although slightly cryptic), when using test containers, MSTest needs to load all assemblies and see if they contain any unit tests. During this serach, it finds the ‘myassembly.dll’ in two different locations. First it is found directly beneth the Binaries folder, and then it is alos found beneath the _PublishedWebsites\Project\bin folder. The reason is that the default setting for test containers in a TFS 2010 build definition is **\*test*.dll:   This pattern means that MSTest will search recursively for all assemblies beneath the Binaries folder, and during the search it will find the MyAssembly.dll twice. The solution is simple, set the Test assembly file specification property to *test*.dll instead, this will disable the recursive search:

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  • Twitter API Voting System

    - by Richard Jones
    So I blatantly got this idea from the MIX 10 event. At MIX they held a rockband talent competition type thing (I’m not quite sure of all the details).    But the interesting part for me is how they collected votes. They used Twitter (what else, when you have a few thousand geeks available to you). The basic idea was that you tweeted your vote with a # tag, i.e #ROCKBANDVOTE vote Richard How cool….    So the question is how do you write something to collate and count all the votes?   Time to press the magic Visual Studio new Project button… Twitter has a really nice API that can be invoked from .NET.   This is the snippet of code that will search for any given phrase i.e #ROCKBANDVOTE   public static XmlDocument GetSearchResults(string searchfor) { return GetSearchResults(searchfor, ""); }   public static XmlDocument GetSearchResults(string searchfor, string sinceid) { XmlDocument retdoc = new XmlDocument();   try { string url = "http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?&q=" + searchfor; if (sinceid.Length > 0) url += "since_id=" + sinceid; HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); request.Method = "POST"; request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; WebResponse res = request.GetResponse(); retdoc.Load(res.GetResponseStream()); res.Close();   } catch { } return retdoc; } } I’ve got two overloads, that optionally let you pass in the last ID to look for as well as what you want to search for. Note that Twitter rate limits the amount of requests you can send,  see http://apiwiki.twitter.com/Rate-limiting So realistically I wanted my app to run every hour or so and only pull out results that haven’t been received before (hence the overload to pass in the sinceid parameter). I’ll post the code when finished that parses the returned XML.

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  • Nvidia API mismatch

    - by Oli
    I had planned a day of relaxing with Portal 2 but on starting Steam (for the first time in a couple of weeks) I was greeted with the following message in the terminal: Error: API mismatch: the NVIDIA kernel module has version 270.41.19, but this NVIDIA driver component has version 270.41.06. Please make sure that the kernel module and all NVIDIA driver components have the same version. I'll confess I don't really know what it's talking about when it says driver. The verion of nvidia-current is 270.41.19. I thought that was the driver and module, all in one. I use the X-SWAT PPA and I have noted that the nvidia-settings package has boosted to 275.09.07. As this is just a settings application, I don't think this mismatch has anything to do with this. It's also not the same version as the problem being described. I'd rather not purge back to the standard Nvidia driver as it's less than stable on my GTX580. I would accept an answer that takes the manual setup and makes it recompile when the kernel recompiles (ie, some DKMS wizardry) but it has to work. I don't want to drop back to text-mode every time I restart after a kernel upgrade. Edit: Minecraft works without a single complaint about driver versions. Penumbra dies with roughly the same error when entering a game.

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  • Implementing the NetBeans Project API on Maven in IntelliJ IDEA

    - by Geertjan
    James McGivern, one of the speakers I met at JAX London, is creating media software on the NetBeans Platform. However, he's using Maven and IntelliJ IDEA and one of the features he needs is project support, i.e., the project infrastructure that's part of NetBeans IDE. The two documents that describe the NetBeans Project API are these: http://platform.netbeans.org/tutorials/nbm-projecttype.html http://netbeans.dzone.com/how-create-maven-nb-project-type By combining the above two, you'll understand how to create a project infrastructure on top of the NetBeans Platform with Maven. However, an additional step of complexity is added when IntelliJ IDEA is included into the mix and therefore I created the following screencast which, in 15 minutes, puts all the pieces together. Be aware that I'm probably not using IntelliJ IDEA and Maven as optimally as I could and I'm publishing this at least partly so that the errors of my ways can be pointed out to me. But, first and foremost, this is especially for you James:  Note: Intentionally no sound, only callouts explaining what I'm doing. You'll probably need to pause the movie here and there to absorb the text; for details on the text, see the two links referred to above.

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  • A tip: Updating Data in SharePoint 2010 using REST API

    - by Sahil Malik
    SharePoint 2010 Training: more information Here is a little tip that will save you hours of head scratching. See there are two ways to update data in SharePoint using REST based API. A PUT request is used to update an entire entity. If no values are specified for fields in the entity, the fields will be set to default values. A MERGE request is used to update only those field values that have changed. Any fields that are not specified by the operation will remain set to their current value.   Now, sit back and think about it. You are going to update the entire entity! Hmm. Which means, you need to a) specify every column value, and b) ensure that the read only values match what was supplied to you. What a pain in the donkey! So 99/100 times, a PUT request will give you a HTTP 500 internal server error occurred, which is just so helpful. Read full article ....

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  • Using the Coherence ConcurrentMap Interface (Locking API)

    - by jpurdy
    For many developers using Coherence, the first place they look for concurrency control is the com.tangosol.util.ConcurrentMap interface (part of the NamedCache interface). The ConcurrentMap interface includes methods for explicitly locking data. Despite the obvious appeal of a lock-based API, these methods should generally be avoided for a variety of reasons: They are very "chatty" in that they can't be bundled with other operations (such as get and put) and there are no collection-based versions of them. Locks do directly not impact mutating calls (including puts and entry processors), so all code must make explicit lock requests before modifying (or in some cases reading) cache entries. They require coordination of all code that may mutate the objects, including the need to lock at the same level of granularity (there is no built-in lock hierarchy and thus no concept of lock escalation). Even if all code is properly coordinated (or there's only one piece of code), failure during updates that may leave a collection of changes to a set of objects in a partially committed state. There is no concept of a read-only lock. In general, use of locking is highly discouraged for most applications. Instead, the use of entry processors provides a far more efficient approach, at the cost of some additional complexity.

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