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• Using keyboard specific keyboard-layouts in OS X

  - by Patrick O'Doherty

  I use a Kinesis Advantage with my MacBook Pro. While I use the dvorak layout when using the MBP's built-in keyboard the Kinesis has its own internal dvorak mode which assumes the host computer is using QWERTY. Is it possible to have OS X change the keyboard layout depending on which keyboard is currently being used? As far as I am aware this is possible on linux systems with HAL support but I haven't been able to find any support docs for OSX that advertise this ability. Thanks!

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• Folder default ACLs not inherited when new file is created

  - by Flavien

  I'm a bit of a beginner with Unix systems, but I'm running Cygwin on my Windows Server, and I am trying to figure out something related to extended ACLs. I have a directory to which I set the following ACLs: Administrator@MyServer ~ $ setfacl -m d:u:Someuser:r-- somedir Administrator@MyServer ~ $ getfacl somedir/ # file: somedir/ # owner: Administrator # group: None user::rwx group::r-x mask:rwx other:r-x default:user::rwx default:user:Someuser:r-- default:group::r-x default:mask:rwx default:other:r-x As you can see mose of the default ACLs have the x bit. Then when I create a fine in it, it doesn't inherit the ACLs it is supposed to: Administrator@MyServer ~ $ touch somedir/somefile Administrator@MyServer ~ $ getfacl somedir/somefile # file: somedir/somefile # owner: Administrator # group: None user::rw- user:Someuser:r-- group::r-- mask:rwx other:r-- It's basically missing the x bit everywhere. Any idea why?

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• Advice on new hardware firewall for a small company server-environment

  - by Mestika

  Hi everyone, My companies currently hardware firewall (an old ZyXEL ZyWALL firewall) and is indeed requiring an update to a new firewall. It is a small company with a similar small server-environment, so the need for a huge, complex and expensive solution isn’t there but a more “straight-forward” firewall, that can provide the necessary security to our systems and block unwanted elements from the core server and only accept access through our one server which is used as an “gateway” between the Internet and our internal network. I haven’t that much experience with hardware firewalls so I’m requesting any good advice and/or knowledge on which products will be suited for our specific need. If you need more information about the specific needs we require, please let me know and I’ll provide them to you. Sincerely - Mestika

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• Why do partially failed/failing switches fail to pass DHCP?

  - by David Mackintosh

  I've noticed this several times: a switch starts to behave oddly. Usually if the switch doesn't fail outright, what tends to get noticed is that DHCP doesn't work. We had a Linksys SRW-224P fail today. Systems which were still connected worked properly, until it came time to renew their DHCP lease. Once the lease expired, they stopped working, but up until then we couldn't detect a failure. This includes PoE VoIP phones -- they work fine until their lease is up, at which point they're done. I've noticed this on the above-mentioned Linksys, three varieties of 3Com, and possibly half a dozen dumb switches. What is it about DHCP that makes it sensitive to failing switches?

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• Best way to replicate servers

  - by Matthew

  I currently have two servers both with linux software RAID1 configurations. They use heartbeat and DRBD to create a shared DRBD device that hosts a a exported NFS directory. The servers run Ubuntu Server with a LXDE GUI and some IP These servers are going to be placed on fishing vessels to act has redundant storage for IP cameras. My boss wants me to figure out the most efficient way to create these servers. We might be looking at pushing out several systems a week. Each configuration will be almost identical besides IP addressing. What would be the best method to automate the configuration process? We are trying to cut down on labor costs to set these up. Imaging and Proceeding are both on my mind right now

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• Issues with DHCP over multiple subnets

  - by Dan Monego

  I have a cisco router configured to handle multiple subnets (10.1.10.n, 10.2.10.n, etc), and an ubuntu system serving DHCP to the computers served by the router. After a restart of the DHCP, the systems on the 10.1 subnet are fine, but neither the server or the computers configured on the other subnets can see the router at 10.2.10.1 (or 10.3.10.1, or 10.4.10.1). The router can see itself at 10.2.10.1, however. The change that caused this was restarting the server, so I'm approaching it assuming the configuration error is on that end. Is that the likely issue or is there a different problem that would prevent the machines on the 10.2.10 subnet from resolving DHCP?

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• Windows Despooler Requires Administrator to Print

  - by Software Monkey

  Does anyone know what changes I might need to make to allow restricted users to print using a printer configured for spooling? My Windows XP SP3 system currently requires me to use an Admin account for printing if the print is configured to spool documents before printing. If the printer is configured for direct printing it works for all accounts. This used to work and some months back it just stopped, and I can't pin down why. The printer itself is configured for all uses to have complete authority. My system is locked down for restricted users given them only read authority to the entire file system except their data directories, which is how I have run my systems for years. I assume there may be a directory somewhere that I need to allow users to write to.

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• Realtek HD Audio playing weird with certain video formats

  - by dyasny

  Hi, I have a Gigabyte motherboard with an onboard Realtek HD sound card. The card is working perfectly everywhere, except for a single video format, where the voice is distorted, sounds as if it's been passed through a metal tube. Been googling for this, but couldn't find an answer anywhere. The movie plays fine on other systems (got Linux everywhere else), but on this one (winXP-x64-sp2) it just doesn't. Here are some details: MPC: Type: KLCP WMV File Audio: 0x000a 22050Hz mono 20Kbps [Raw Audio 0] Video: Windows Media Video 9 400x300 29.97fps 227Kbps [Raw Video 1] VLC: Codec: wmas Sample rate: 22050 Bits per sample: 16 Bitrate: 20kb/s

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• Do virtual machines perform better on the host HDD or USB drive?

  - by Jeremy Ricketts

  The question I'm asking is kind of general, and I'll give more specifics about my specific setup. Here's the main question though: Do virtual machines generally perform better on the host HDD or is it better to operate them from an external disk? My specific setup: A Macbook Pro with a nearly full internal SATA drive that spins at 7200. On this system I'm running large programs like Photoshop and some other RAM-intense applications. I've dedicated 2 of my 8 gigs of RAM to my VMware Fusion virtual machine, which runs Windows 7 and Visual Studio, sits on the same drive. When that thing boots up, my system really starts crawling. I have an external USB (specifics of that drive are here) which I'm thinking about moving the VM to. Obviously a USB drive is slower than my internal HDD, but maybe having two operating systems using the same disk is WORSE than putting one of them on a separate (albiet slower) disk. This a bad idea?

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• Installing Domain Controller on Hyper-V Host

  - by MichaelGG

  Given a resource limited setup consisting of 2 host machines (HyperV-01 and HyperV-02), is it OK to put the domain controllers in parent partition, instead of their own VM? The main reason is that if the DCs go into a child partition, starting from cold on both machines could lead to a bit of an issue, as there'd be no DCs around until well after both parents have booted. I'm guessing this might cause undesirable effects. Am I correct to be worried about joining the host systems to a domain that's only on VMs? The biggest drawback I've heard so far is that if AD gets heavily used, its resources could cut into HyperV's. I'm not concerned about that for this deployment. Any other suggestions? (Besides finding a 3rd machine and running AD on it.)

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• Virtualmin Configuration

  - by Allen

  I am trying to get Virtualmin setup and have reached a point where my noobish sysadmin skills aren't getting the job done. This is the message I get now when I try and refresh the configuration of Virtualmin. BIND DNS server is installed, and the system is configured to use it. However, the default master DNS server XXXXXX is not a fully qualified domain name. Sendmail is only accepting SMTP connections on the following ports : 127.0.0.1 port smtp. Email from other systems on the Internet will not be accepted. This can be changed in the Sendmail Mail Server module. Please advise what I need to do to get Sendmail configured properly. Thanks!

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• Finding how a hacked server was hacked

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I was just browsing through the site and found this question: My server's been hacked EMERGENCY. Basically the question says: My server has been hacked. What should I do? The best answer is excellent but it raised some questions in my mind. One of the steps suggested is to: Examine the 'attacked' systems to understand how the attacks succeeded in compromising your security. Make every effort to find out where the attacks "came from", so that you understand what problems you have and need to address to make your system safe in the future. I have done no system admin work so I have no idea how I would start doing this. What would be the first step? I know that you could look in the server log files but as an attacker the first thing that I would do would be errasing the log files. How would you "understand" how the attacks succeeded?

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• why is iometer performance slower after first run?

  - by Dan

  I'm doing some benchmarking with IOMeter, and I'm seeing a consistent and susbtantial drop-off in performance after running the first test. These drop-offs are about the same on the three systems I've tested on, which makes me think it's a configuration setting, or just a fact of life about using IOMeter. For example, one system (local RAID 10) went from 388 I/Os per second the first run, to about 211 I/Os per second on every run after that. Everything else about the test was identical, and I also bounced the machine in between runs. So, is this expected behavior, or am I missing something?

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• Which Large File System Format to use for USB Flash drive compatible with Ubuntu/Mac/Windows?

  - by wajiw

  I've had this problem for a long time and can't find a solution. I switch between the 3 OSes all the time and use a 1TB USB Drive to do so. I can't seem to find a format that is compatible across all systems that handles large files (at least 8-9 GB). Does anyone have a solution for this? Recently I've tried exFat but that messes up the filesystem when trying to read on windows after adding files from Ubuntu (using the fuse driver). The OSes currently I'm using are Windows Vista/7, Mac OS X (10.6.5) and Ubuntu 10.10

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• compTIA-AT EXAM

  - by SysPrep2010

  Hello everyone, I have been in the IT field only for two years. I have been dealing with servers, firewalls, routers, switches, backup servers, and desktop. For the desktop, i have been dealing with WDS (Window deployment services). Not a lot of hardware. My question is this, is it really important to have an AT cert under your belt. I dont see the point anymore. When a desktop goes down, what have been seeing, they just buy a new one. I mean I can rebuild systems they are fun, but I haven't in a while?

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• How do you manage updates without a staging environment: CentOS 6.3

  - by Gregg Leventhal

  I am managing about 20 servers, many of them virtual. They are almost all different purpose, and none are clustered. I have a distributed LAMP stack, a few application servers, some build servers, a few KVM hosts. They are CentOS 6.3 mostly with a few Ubuntu (unfortunately). I don't have the resources to setup a staging environment where I can have duplicates of my machines and test updates before rolling them out. I am taking file backups. What I want to know is how you are approaching backing up your Linux systems. I assume you don't just do yum update, but then how are you choosing the packages worthy of updating? When (if ever) are you updating the kernel, etc.. How do you test updates without a staging environment? Snapshot and hope for the best?

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• Which filename encoding should I use to be compatible with Windows, Mac and Linux.

  - by jverdeyen

  I'm using a Linux server as fileshare. These files are accessed by Windows computers with a Samba server, accessed by Macs with a netatalk server (afpd) and also trough ssh an sftp for Windows, Macs and Linux system. It seems like some of these systems care about the use of characters in filenames and some don't.. There is a tool called 'convmv' to convert filenames from one to another, but which one should I use? Should I setup the Samba server for a defined file encoding? Same for netatalk?

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• Best Guest OS for running freeswitch under Proxmox

  - by Frank Waller

  We have a lot of asterisk Systems running on dedicated machines and would like to use freeswitch to replace a number of them. One of the advantages of freeswitch is supposed to be that it is doing much better in a virtualized environment than asterisk is. However I can find very little information about people using it in Proxmox containers. I would like to know if anyone has seen any ready to run proxmox images that include freeswitch so we can test a number of things without having to deeply go into creating our own. Or at least a clue to which system images/distro images we can use to quickly get it installed not having to deal with too many dependency or different Linux version issues. Just to be clear: It should be for a more or less current Proxmox and current freeswitch. I am not looking forward to use the KVM mode but would consider it, if it is otherwise ready to run out of the box. I would rather use a real OpenVZ based container. Thanks for anyone helping!

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• How do i get a more recent version of Java on my Mac than is showing up in software update?

  - by Cd Lolly

  I need at least Java 1.6 to run a program that someone else in my lab wrote On the Java website it tells me to update Java via apple's software update function, i've run this a few times but it only got up to Java 1.5.0_24 and it now says no more updates are available for my computer Is there another way to update Java on a Mac? Is my operating system maybe to old for Java 1.6? i'm not sure what i'm running exactly, and i can't find a list of what mac operating systems run what versions of Java because the java site just suggests using Mac's software update.

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• 32bit Application Memory Usage on 64bit Windows 7

  - by Brian

  I have an early 2012 Macbook Pro with and Intel I7 processor and 16 gigs RAM running Windows 7 Professional 64bit via Bootcamp. I work in Geographical Information Systems as a programmer so most of the applications I am running are 32bit Applications, but tend to use a lot of resources (i.e. ArcGIS, SQL Server Express, Visual Studio, etc.). I have been noticing that when I have multiple instances of either the same 32bit application or different 32bit applications and they are all working on hefty processing tasks, I am still only topping out at about 30% memory use. I understand 32bit applications are limited to less than 4gb RAM, but I assumed that one instance could use its own 4gb while another instance could use another 4gb to take full advantage of all the memory I have installed. Can anyone explain how this works and how I can get my applications to take advantage of all my memory via running multiple instances?

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• Security when, ssh Private keys are lost

  - by Shree Mandadi

  Cant explain my problem enough with words, Let me take an example.. and please multiple the complexity by a 100 for the Solution. User-A has two ssh private keys, and over time has used this public key on a number of servers He lost one of them, and has created a new pair. How does User-A, inform me (Sys Admin), that he has lost his key, and How do I manage all the servers to which he had access to (I do not have a list, of all Servers that User-A has access to). In other words, How do I recall, the public key associated with this Private key. REF: In the LDAP based Authentication, All Servers would communicate with a single Server repository for Authentication, and If I remove acess or modify the password on the Server, all Systems that use this LDAP for Authentication are secured, when User-A loses his password..

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• Windows 7 - Add folder to Explorer Favorites navigation pane from the Command Line

  - by nondescript1

  In Windows 7 is there a way to add a location to the Explorer Favorites navigation pane from the command line? I'm working with systems that are frequently re-imaged, and I would like to automate adding a number of favorite folders to explorer. I imagine these favorites are also stored in the registry. If someone knows where, I could probably automate managing them through the reg command, although this is less than ideal. I've looked at a number of locations related to explorer suggested here, but haven't found them yet. For information on customizing the favorites section of the navigation pane with Explorer, see http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/10357/add-your-own-folders-to-favorites-in-windows-7/

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• dual/multi-boot computers and software licensing

  - by Matt

  Suppose you have a computer with two or more operating systems, and a certain piece of software whose license terms allows it to be installed on one computer, and it does a daily check with a remote server to verify that your serial is only used on the original install computer. You install this software on each of your OSes, but since its a different OS the remote server would have to determine that it is not on the same computer, and so would disable your license. So my question, when a license refers to a single computer, does a situation like this usually count as a single computer, or do the multiple OSes sort of make it multiple computers? How do you think a software vendor (specifically thinking AV companies that do this sort of serial check) would handle this situation?

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• Gather Outlook/Exchange connection Status responses from script

  - by mrTomahawk

  I'm trying to figure out a way in-which I can remotely gather Outlook = Exchange Connection stats from systems. I know I can have the users Right-click their Outlook icon in the system notification area, and then choose "Connection Status", but I'd really like to be able to poll this information without having to as the user to do anything. I saw this previous post, and I believe what he did is similar to what I'm trying to do we created a VB application that would pull user PTO information from a backend system and send out status emails to each of the users on a monthly basis but I'm trying to do it to gather the connection information from all my sites for certain parts of the day. Ideally I would like to do this via some sort of VBScript code since that is what I'm most familiar with, but I can work with Powershell too. My environment is all Exchange 2003 and Outlook 2003 clients.

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• Apply Group Policy to Remote Desktop Services users but not when they log on to their local system

  - by Kevin Murray

  Running Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 with Remote Desktop Services role. I want to hide the servers drives using a GPO, but not the users local drives when they are logged on to their local system. Using a GPO, I went to "User Configuration - Policies - Administrative Template - Windows Components - Windows Explorer" and enabled "Hide these specified drives in My Computer" and "Prevent access to drives from My Computer" and in both used "Restrict all drives". Then under "Security Filtering" for the GPO, I restricted it to the system running Remote Desktop Services and the specific users who will be using RDS. I then applied the GPO to our domain and it worked a little too well. Not only was I successful in getting the GPO to work for RDS users, but it also affected those same users at their local systems as well. I've tried everything I can think of, but can't figure out how to apply this just to the RDS but not at their local system. What am I missing?

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