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• The ASP.NET Daily Community Spotlight - How posts get there, and how to make it your Visual Studio Start Page

  - by Jon Galloway

  One really cool part of my job is selecting the articles for the Daily Community Spotlight, on the home page of the ASP.NET website. The spotlight highlights a new post about ASP.NET development every day from a member of the ASP.NET community. You can find it on the home page of the ASP.NET site, at http://asp.net These posts aren't automatically drawn from a pool of RSS feeds or anything - I pick a new post for each day of the year. How I pick the posts I have a few important selection criteria: Interesting to well rounded ASP.NET developers The ASP.NET website has a lot of material for all skill and experience levels, from download / get started to advanced. I try to select community spotlight posts to round that out with fresh and timely information that working ASP.NET developers can really use. Posts highlight solutions to common problems, clever projects and code that helps you leverage ASP.NET, and important announcements about things you can use today. As part of that, I try to mix between ASP.NET MVC, Web Forms, and Web Pages (a.k.a. WebMatrix). As a professional developer, I want to keep on top of all of my options for ASP.NET development, and the common platform base they all share generally means that good ASP.NET code is good ASP.NET code. Exposing new and non-Microsoft community members as much as possible The exercise of selecting good ASP.NET community posts every day of the year has made me think about what the community is. Given the choice, I'll always favor non-Microsoft employees, but since Microsoft often hires ASP.NET community members and MVP's (myself included), I really think that the ASP.NET community includes developers who are using and writing about ASP.NET, both inside and outside of Microsoft. I'm especially excited about the opportunity to highlight new and lesser known bloggers. Usually being featured on the ASP.NET Community Spotlight gives a pretty good traffic bump, and I love being able to both provide great content to the community and encourage lesser known community members by giving them some (much deserved) attention. Announcements only when they're useful to working developers - not marketing Some of the posts are announcements about new releases, such as Scott Hanselman's post on ASP.NET Universal Providers for Session, Memebership, and Roles. I include those when I think they're interesting and of immediate use to you on projects. I occasionally get asked to link to new content from a team at Microsoft; if it's useful and timely content I'll ask them to point me to a blog post by an actual person rather than a faceless team. How the posts are managed This feed used to be managed by an internal spreadsheet on a Sharepoint site, which was painful for a lot of reasons. I took a cue from Jon Udell, who uses of a public Delicious feed feed for his Elm City project, and we moved the management of these posts over to a Delicious feed as well. You can hear more about Jon's use of Delicious in Elm City in our Herding Code interview - still one of my favorite interviews. We ended up with a simpler scenario, but Note: I watched the Yahoo/Delicious news over the past year and was happy to see that Delicious was recently acquired by the founders of YouTube. I investigated several other Delicious competitors, but am happy with Delicious for now. My Delicious feed here: http://www.delicious.com/jon_galloway You can also browse through this past year's ASP.NET Community Spotlight posts using the (pretty cool) Delicious Browse Bar Submitting articles I'm always on the lookout for new articles to feature. The best way to get them to me is to share them via Delicious. It's pretty easy - sign up for an account, then you can add a post and share it to me. Alternatively, you can send them to me via Twitter (@jongalloway) or e-mail (). If you do e-mail me, it helps to include a short description and your full name so I can credit you. Way too many developer blogs don't include names and pictures; if I can't find them I can't feature the post. Subscribing to the Community Spotlight feed The Community Spotlight is available as an RSS feed, so you might want to subscribe to it: http://www.asp.net/rss/spotlight Setting the ASP.NET Community Spotlight feed as your Visual Studio start page If you're an ASP.NET developer, you might consider setting the ASP.NET Community Spotlight as the content for your Visual Studio Start Page. It's really easy - here's how to do it in Visual Studio 2010: Display the Visual Studio Start Page if it's not already showing (View / Start Page) Click on the Latest News tab and enter the following RSS URL: http://www.asp.net/rss/spotlight If you didn't previously have RSS feeds enabled for your start page, click the Enable RSS Feed button Now, every time you start up Visual Studio you'll see great content from members of the ASP.NET community: You can also configure - and disable, if you'd like - the Visual Studio start page in the Tools / Options / Environment / Startup dialog. Credits I'll do a follow-up highlighting some places I commonly find great content for the feed, but I'd like to specifically point out two of them: Elijah Manor posts a lot of great content, which is available in his Twitter feed at @elijahmanor, on his Delicious feed, and on a dedicated website - Web Dev Tweets Chris Alcock's The Morning Brew is a must-read blog which highlights each day's best blog posts across the .NET community. He's an absolute machine, and no matter how obscure the post I find, I can guarantee he'll find it as well if he hasn't already. Did I say must read?

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• How to transport an XML fragment in an XML Document

  - by mrwayne

  Hi, I'm using an AJAX system on a web application, and for one of the objects i return, it needs to contain an xml fragment. Unfortunately, being AJAX, i'm sending the values back via XML already. So, at the moment, i have something that looks like this (ignoring the fact the tags arent perfect. <Transport> <Message> <Content><[CDATA...] XML Content in here </Cdata></Content> </Message> </Transport> This has worked pretty well for the last few years, however, now the XML content itself needs to contain its own CDATA tags and its causing me grief because you cannot nest CDATA sections. Is there another way to encode the 'XML Content' internally?

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• Building the Elusive Windows Phone Panorama Control

  When the Windows Phone 7 Developer SDK was released a couple of weeks ago at MIX10 many people noticed the SDK doesnt include a template for a Panorama control.   Here at Clarity we decided to build our own Panorama control for use in some of our prototypes and I figured I would share what we came up with. There have been a couple of implementations of the Panorama control making their way through the interwebs, but I didnt think any of them really nailed the experience that is shown in the simulation videos.   One of the key design principals in the UX Guide for Windows Phone 7 is the use of motion.  The WP7 OS is fairly stripped of extraneous design elements and makes heavy use of typography and motion to give users the necessary visual cues.  Subtle animations and wide layouts help give the user a sense of fluidity and consistency across the phone experience.  When building the panorama control I was fairly meticulous in recreating the motion as shown in the videos.  The effect that is shown in the application hubs of the phone is known as a Parallax Scrolling effect.  This this pseudo-3D technique has been around in the computer graphics world for quite some time. In essence, the background images move slower than foreground images, creating an illusion of depth in 2D.  Here is an example of the traditional use: http://www.mauriciostudio.com/.  One of the animation gems I've learned while building interactive software is the follow animation.  The premise is straightforward: instead of translating content 1:1 with the interaction point, let the content catch up to the mouse or finger.  The difference is subtle, but the impact on the smoothness of the interaction is huge.  That said, it became the foundation of how I achieved the effect shown below.   Source Code Available HERE Before I briefly describe the approach I took in creating this control..and Ill add some **asterisks ** to the code below as my coding skills arent up to snuff with the rest of my colleagues.  This code is meant to be an interpretation of the WP7 panorama control and is not intended to be used in a production application.  1.  Layout the XAML The UI consists of three main components :  The background image, the Title, and the Content.  You can imagine each  these UI Elements existing on their own plane with a corresponding Translate Transform to create the Parallax effect.  2.  Storyboards + Procedural Animations = Sexy As I mentioned above, creating a fluid experience was at the top of my priorities while building this control.  To recreate the smooth scroll effect shown in the video we need to add some place holder storyboards that we can manipulate in code to simulate the inertia and snapping.  Using the easing functions built into Silverlight helps create a very pleasant interaction.    3.  Handle the Manipulation Events With Silverlight 3 we have some new touch event handlers.  The new Manipulation events makes handling the interactivity pretty straight forward.  There are two event handlers that need to be hooked up to enable the dragging and motion effects: the ManipulationDelta event :  (the most relevant code is highlighted in pink) Here we are doing some simple math with the Manipulation Deltas and setting the TO values of the animations appropriately. Modifying the storyboards dynamically in code helps to create a natural feel.something that cant easily be done with storyboards alone.   And secondly, the ManipulationCompleted event:  Here we take the Final Velocities from the Manipulation Completed Event and apply them to the Storyboards to create the snapping and scrolling effects.  Most of this code is determining what the next position of the viewport will be.  The interesting part (shown in pink) is determining the duration of the animation based on the calculated velocity of the flick gesture.  By using velocity as a variable in determining the duration of the animation we can produce a slow animation for a soft flick and a fast animation for a strong flick. Challenges to the Reader There are a couple of things I didnt have time to implement into this control.  And I would love to see other WPF/Silverlight approaches.  1.  A good mechanism for deciphering when the user is manipulating the content within the panorama control and the panorama itself.   In other words, being able to accurately determine what is a flick and what is click. 2.  Dynamically Sizing the panorama control based on the width of its content.  Right now each control panel is 400px, ideally the Panel items would be measured and then panorama control would update its size accordingly.  3.  Background and content wrapping.  The WP7 UX guidelines specify that the content and background should wrap at the end of the list.  In my code I restrict the drag at the ends of the list (like the iPhone).  It would be interesting to see how this would effect the scroll experience.     Well, Its been fun building this control and if you use it Id love to know what you think.  You can download the Source HERE or from the Expression Gallery  Erik Klimczak  | [email protected] | twitter.com/eklimczDid you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• minimum height problem

  - by Hellnar

  Hello, assume I have a such html order <div id="header">>Header(logo, navigation menus etc)will be here, fixed height </div> <div id="content"> Dynamic content with different length will be here. </div> <div id="footer"> Footer of the page here, fixed height </div> Now as you can see, it is only the content div which will be changing in size as the length changes. I want to make sure the screen is used even if the height of the content is less than to fill the whole. (in other words minimum height of the content will be screen (height in pixel) - ( (height of header) + (height of footer) ) Now I can see that min-widht can be used but it is not supported with IE, how can I achieve this issue ?

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• Building the Elusive Windows Phone Panorama Control

  When the Windows Phone 7 Developer SDK was released a couple of weeks ago at MIX10 many people noticed the SDK doesnt include a template for a Panorama control.   Here at Clarity we decided to build our own Panorama control for use in some of our prototypes and I figured I would share what we came up with. There have been a couple of implementations of the Panorama control making their way through the interwebs, but I didnt think any of them really nailed the experience that is shown in the simulation videos.   One of the key design principals in the UX Guide for Windows Phone 7 is the use of motion.  The WP7 OS is fairly stripped of extraneous design elements and makes heavy use of typography and motion to give users the necessary visual cues.  Subtle animations and wide layouts help give the user a sense of fluidity and consistency across the phone experience.  When building the panorama control I was fairly meticulous in recreating the motion as shown in the videos.  The effect that is shown in the application hubs of the phone is known as a Parallax Scrolling effect.  This this pseudo-3D technique has been around in the computer graphics world for quite some time. In essence, the background images move slower than foreground images, creating an illusion of depth in 2D.  Here is an example of the traditional use: http://www.mauriciostudio.com/.  One of the animation gems I've learned while building interactive software is the follow animation.  The premise is straightforward: instead of translating content 1:1 with the interaction point, let the content catch up to the mouse or finger.  The difference is subtle, but the impact on the smoothness of the interaction is huge.  That said, it became the foundation of how I achieved the effect shown below.   Source Code Available HERE Before I briefly describe the approach I took in creating this control..and Ill add some **asterisks ** to the code below as my coding skills arent up to snuff with the rest of my colleagues.  This code is meant to be an interpretation of the WP7 panorama control and is not intended to be used in a production application.  1.  Layout the XAML The UI consists of three main components :  The background image, the Title, and the Content.  You can imagine each  these UI Elements existing on their own plane with a corresponding Translate Transform to create the Parallax effect.  2.  Storyboards + Procedural Animations = Sexy As I mentioned above, creating a fluid experience was at the top of my priorities while building this control.  To recreate the smooth scroll effect shown in the video we need to add some place holder storyboards that we can manipulate in code to simulate the inertia and snapping.  Using the easing functions built into Silverlight helps create a very pleasant interaction.    3.  Handle the Manipulation Events With Silverlight 3 we have some new touch event handlers.  The new Manipulation events makes handling the interactivity pretty straight forward.  There are two event handlers that need to be hooked up to enable the dragging and motion effects: the ManipulationDelta event :  (the most relevant code is highlighted in pink) Here we are doing some simple math with the Manipulation Deltas and setting the TO values of the animations appropriately. Modifying the storyboards dynamically in code helps to create a natural feel.something that cant easily be done with storyboards alone.   And secondly, the ManipulationCompleted event:  Here we take the Final Velocities from the Manipulation Completed Event and apply them to the Storyboards to create the snapping and scrolling effects.  Most of this code is determining what the next position of the viewport will be.  The interesting part (shown in pink) is determining the duration of the animation based on the calculated velocity of the flick gesture.  By using velocity as a variable in determining the duration of the animation we can produce a slow animation for a soft flick and a fast animation for a strong flick. Challenges to the Reader There are a couple of things I didnt have time to implement into this control.  And I would love to see other WPF/Silverlight approaches.  1.  A good mechanism for deciphering when the user is manipulating the content within the panorama control and the panorama itself.   In other words, being able to accurately determine what is a flick and what is click. 2.  Dynamically Sizing the panorama control based on the width of its content.  Right now each control panel is 400px, ideally the Panel items would be measured and then panorama control would update its size accordingly.  3.  Background and content wrapping.  The WP7 UX guidelines specify that the content and background should wrap at the end of the list.  In my code I restrict the drag at the ends of the list (like the iPhone).  It would be interesting to see how this would effect the scroll experience.     Well, Its been fun building this control and if you use it Id love to know what you think.  You can download the Source HERE or from the Expression Gallery  Erik Klimczak  | [email protected] | twitter.com/eklimczDid you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Tutorial: Criando um Componente para o UCM

  - by Denisd

  Então você já instalou o UCM, seguindo o tutorial: http://blogs.oracle.com/ecmbrasil/2009/05/tutorial_de_instalao_do_ucm.html e também já fez o hands-on: http://blogs.oracle.com/ecmbrasil/2009/10/tutorial_de_ucm.html e agora quer ir além do básico? Quer começar a criar funcionalidades para o UCM? Quer se tornar um desenvolvedor do UCM? Quer criar o Content Server à sua imagem e semelhança?! Pois hoje é o seu dia de sorte! Neste tutorial, iremos aprender a criar um componente para o Content Server. O nosso primeiro componente, embora não seja tão simples, será feito apenas com recursos do Content Server. Em um futuro tutorial, iremos aprender a usar classes java como parte de nossos componentes. Neste tutorial, vamos desenvolver um recurso de Favoritos, aonde os usuários poderão marcar determinados documentos como seus Favoritos, e depois consultar estes documentos em uma lista. Não iremos montar o componente com todas as suas funcionalidades, mas com o que vocês verão aqui, será tranquilo aprimorar este componente, inclusive para ambientes de produção. Componente MyFavorites Algumas características do nosso componente favoritos: - Por motivos de espaço, iremos montar este componente de uma forma “rápida e crua”, ou seja, sem seguir necessariamente as melhores práticas de desenvolvimento de componentes. Para entender melhor a prática de desenvolvimento de componentes, recomendo a leitura do guia Working With Components. - Ele será desenvolvido apenas para português-Brasil. Outros idiomas podem ser adicionados posteriormente. - Ele irá apresentar uma opção “Adicionar aos Favoritos” no menu “Content Actions” (tela Content Information), para que o usuário possa definir este arquivo como um dos seus favoritos. - Ao clicar neste link, o usuário será direcionado à uma tela aonde ele poderá digitar um comentário sobre este favorito, para facilitar a leitura depois. - Os favoritos ficarão salvos em uma tabela de banco de dados que iremos criar como parte do componente - A aba “My Content Server” terá uma opção nova chamada “Meus Favoritos”, que irá trazer uma tela que lista os favoritos, permitindo que o usuário possa deletar os links - Alguns recursos ficarão de fora deste exercício, novamente por motivos de espaço. Mas iremos listar estes recursos ao final, como exercícios complementares. Recursos do nosso Componente O componente Favoritos será desenvolvido com alguns recursos. Vamos conhecer melhor o que são estes recursos e quais são as suas funções: - Query: Uma query é qualquer atividade que eu preciso executar no banco, o famoso CRUD: Criar, Ler, Atualizar, Deletar. Existem diferentes jeitos de chamar a query, dependendo do propósito: Select Query: executa um comando SQL, mas descarta o resultado. Usado apenas para testar se a conexão com o banco está ok. Não será usado no nosso exercício. Execute Query: executa um comando SQL que altera informações do banco. Pode ser um INSERT, UPDATE ou DELETE. Descarta os resultados. Iremos usar Execute Query para criar, alterar e excluir os favoritos. Select Cache Query: executa um comando SQL SELECT e armazena os resultados em um ResultSet. Este ResultSet retorna como resultado do serviço e pode ser manipulado em IDOC, Java ou outras linguagens. Iremos utilizar Select Cache Query para retornar a lista de favoritos de um usuário. - Service: Os serviços são os responsáveis por executar as queries (ou classes java, mas isso é papo para um outro tutorial...). O serviço recebe os parâmetros de entrada, executa a query e retorna o ResultSet (no caso de um SELECT). Os serviços podem ser executados através de templates, páginas IDOC, outras aplicações (através de API), ou diretamente na URL do browser. Neste exercício criaremos serviços para Criar, Editar, Deletar e Listar os favoritos de um usuário. - Template: Os templates são as interfaces gráficas (páginas) que serão apresentadas aos usuários. Por exemplo, antes de executar o serviço que deleta um documento do favoritos, quero que o usuário veja uma tela com o ID do Documento e um botão Confirma, para que ele tenha certeza que está deletando o registro correto. Esta tela pode ser criada como um template. Neste exercício iremos construir templates para os principais serviços, além da página que lista todos os favoritos do usuário e apresenta as ações de editar e deletar. Os templates nada mais são do que páginas HTML com scripts IDOC. A nossa sequência de atividades para o desenvolvimento deste componente será: - Criar a Tabela do banco - Criar o componente usando o Component Wizard - Criar as Queries para inserir, editar, deletar e listar os favoritos - Criar os Serviços que executam estas Queries - Criar os templates, que são as páginas que irão interagir com os usuários - Criar os links, na página de informações do conteúdo e no painel My Content Server Pois bem, vamos começar! Confira este tutorial na íntegra clicando neste link: http://blogs.oracle.com/ecmbrasil/Tutorial_Componente_Banco.pdf   Happy coding!  :-)

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• Create multi-part message in MIME format Freemarker template

  - by Mat Banik

  How do you create email message that contains text and HTML version for the same content? Of course I would like to know how to setup the freemarker template or the header of the message that will be send. When I look on the source of message multi-part message in MIME format that I receive in inbox every once in while this is what is in there: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_B10D_01CBAAA8.F29DB300 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit ...Text here... ------=_NextPart_000_B10D_01CBAAA8.F29DB300 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <html><body> html code here ... </body></html>

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• $.getJson> $.each returns undefined

  - by Der Sep

  function getData(d){ Back = new Object(); $.getJSON('../do.php?', function(response){ if(response.type == 'success'){ Back = { "type" : "success", "content" : "" }; $.each(response.data, function(data){ Back.content +='<div class="article"><h5>'+data.title+'</h5>' Back.content +='<div class="article-content">'+data.content+'</div></div>'; }); } else{ Back = {"type" : "error" }; } return Back; }); } console.log(getData()); is returning undefined! why?

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• How to do regex HTML tag replace in SQL Server?

  - by timmerk

  I have a table in SQL Server 2005 with hundreds of rows with HTML content. Some of the content has HTML like: <span class=heading-2>Directions</span> where "Directions" changes depending on page name. I need to change all the <span class=heading-2> and </span> tags to <h2> and </h2> tags. I wrote this query to do content changes in the past, but it doesn't work for my current problem because of the ending HTML tag: Update ContentManager Set ContentManager.Content = replace(Cast(ContentManager.Content AS NVARCHAR(Max)), 'old text', 'new text') Does anyone know how I could accomplish the span to h2 replacing purely in T-SQL? Everything I found showed I would have to do CLR integration. Thanks!

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• Problem display in IE 7 & IE 6 - simplemodal-1.3.4 and Jquery 1.4.2

  - by qWolf

  I have a link, after click this link, a modal was displayed. I used ModalDialog with code: $(document).ready(function() { //linkTTT is link id $("a#linkTTT").click(function() { //content is id of div that contains content $("#content").modal({ onOpen: function(dialog) { dialog.overlay.fadeIn('slow', function() { dialog.data.hide(); dialog.container.fadeIn('slow', function() { dialog.data.slideDown('slow'); }); }); } }); }); //end a click }); Content're contained in a , it includes two tables that containt text and some images. This application run well in Firefox 3+, Chrome and IE8. Images here: [http://bian.vn/normal.png] I'm having problem with IE 6 and IE 7. In IE 6: Images here: [http://bian.vn/IE6.png] In IE 7, content's cleaned after is loaded... Images here: [http://bian.vn/IE7.png] You can see screencast at link text Let me know your answer about this problem Thanks a lot.

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• Refreshing UIScrollView / Animation, timing (Objective-C)

  - by Switch

  I have a UIScrollView that is displaying a list of data. Right now, when the user adds one more item to the list, I can extend the content size of the UIScrollView and scroll down smoothly using setContentOffset and YES to animated. When the user removes an item from the list, I want to resize the content size of the UIScrollView, and scroll back up one step also in an animated fashion. How can I get the ordering right? Right now, if I resize the content size before scrolling back up, the scroll isn't animated. I tried scrolling back up before resizing the content size, but that still didn't give a smooth transition. Is there a way to finish the scrolling animation BEFORE resizing the content size? Thanks

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• Library to parse ERB files

  - by Douglas Sellers

  I am attempting to parse, not evaluate, rails ERB files in a Hpricot/Nokogiri type manner. The files I am attempting to parse contain HTML fragments intermixed with dynamic content generated using ERB (standard rails view files) I am looking for a library that will not only parse the surrounding content, much the way that Hpricot or Nokogiri will but will also treat the ERB symbols, <%, <%= etc, as though they were html/xml tags. Ideally I would get back a DOM like structure where the <%, <%= etc symbols would be included as their own node types. I know that it is possible to hack something together using regular expressions but I was looking for something a bit more reliable as I am developing a tool that I need to run on a very large view code base where both the html content and the erb content are important. For example, content such as: blah blah blah <divMy Great Text <%= my_dynamic_expression %</div Would return a tree structure like: root - text_node (blah blah blah) - element (div) - text_node (My Great Text ) - erb_node (<%=)

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• Jquery runtime error: object expected

  - by Joris

  The Jquery script that controls my tabcontainer gives an "object expected" runtime error. I honestly can't find the reason why: $(document).ready(function() { //When page loads... $(".tab_content").hide(); //Hide all content $("ul.tabs li:first").addClass("active").show(); //Activate first tab $(".tab_content:first").show(); //Show first tab content //On Click Event $("ul.tabs li").click(function() { $("ul.tabs li").removeClass("active"); //Remove any "active" class $(this).addClass("active"); //Add "active" class to selected tab $(".tab_content").hide(); //Hide all tab content var activeTab = $(this).find("a").attr("href"); //Find the href attribute value to identify the active tab + content $(activeTab).fadeIn(); //Fade in the active ID content return false; }); }); Has it something to do with the stylesheet?

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• Use Drive Mirroring for Instant Backup in Windows 7

  - by Trevor Bekolay

  Even with the best backup solution, a hard drive crash means you’ll lose a few hours of work. By enabling drive mirroring in Windows 7, you’ll always have an up-to-date copy of your data. Windows 7’s mirroring – which is only available in Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions – is a software implementation of RAID 1, which means that two or more disks are holding the exact same data. The files are constantly kept in sync, so that if one of the disks fails, you won’t lose any data. Note that mirroring is not technically a backup solution, because if you accidentally delete a file, it’s gone from both hard disks (though you may be able to recover the file). As an additional caveat, having mirrored disks requires changing them to “dynamic disks,” which can only be read within modern versions of Windows (you may have problems working with a dynamic disk in other operating systems or in older versions of Windows). See this Wikipedia page for more information. You will need at least one empty disk to set up disk mirroring. We’ll show you how to mirror an existing disk (of equal or lesser size) without losing any data on the mirrored drive, and how to set up two empty disks as mirrored copies from the get-go. Mirroring an Existing Drive Click on the start button and type partitions in the search box. Click on the Create and format hard disk partitions entry that shows up. Alternatively, if you’ve disabled the search box, press Win+R to open the Run window and type in: diskmgmt.msc The Disk Management window will appear. We’ve got a small disk, labeled OldData, that we want to mirror in a second disk of the same size. Note: The disk that you will use to mirror the existing disk must be unallocated. If it is not, then right-click on it and select Delete Volume… to mark it as unallocated. This will destroy any data on that drive. Right-click on the existing disk that you want to mirror. Select Add Mirror…. Select the disk that you want to use to mirror the existing disk’s data and press Add Mirror. You will be warned that this process will change the existing disk from basic to dynamic. Note that this process will not delete any data on the disk! The new disk will be marked as a mirror, and it will starting copying data from the existing drive to the new one. Eventually the drives will be synced up (it can take a while), and any data added to the E: drive will exist on both physical hard drives. Setting Up Two New Drives as Mirrored If you have two new equal-sized drives, you can format them to be mirrored copies of each other from the get-go. Open the Disk Management window as described above. Make sure that the drives are unallocated. If they’re not, and you don’t need the data on either of them, right-click and select Delete volume…. Right-click on one of the unallocated drives and select New Mirrored Volume…. A wizard will pop up. Click Next. Click on the drives you want to hold the mirrored data and click Add. Note that you can add any number of drives. Click Next. Assign it a drive letter that makes sense, and then click Next. You’re limited to using the NTFS file system for mirrored drives, so enter a volume label, enable compression if you want, and then click Next. Click Finish to start formatting the drives. You will be warned that the new drives will be converted to dynamic disks. And that’s it! You now have two mirrored drives. Any files added to E: will reside on both physical disks, in case something happens to one of them. Conclusion While the switch from basic to dynamic disks can be a problem for people who dual-boot into another operating system, setting up drive mirroring is an easy way to make sure that your data can be recovered in case of a hard drive crash. Of course, even with drive mirroring, we advocate regular backups to external drives or online backup services. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Rebit Backup Software [Review]Disabling Instant Search in Outlook 2007Restore Files from Backups on Windows Home ServerSecond Copy 7 [Review]Backup Windows Home Server Folders to an External Hard Drive TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 VMware Workstation 7 Acronis Online Backup Windows Firewall with Advanced Security – How To Guides Sculptris 1.0, 3D Drawing app AceStock, a Tiny Desktop Quote Monitor Gmail Button Addon (Firefox) Hyperwords addon (Firefox) Backup Outlook 2010

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• Asp.NET 1.1 HttpResponse headers

  - by Yeti

  Hi, i have part of Asp.NET 1.1 project. I work with remote site, which works incorrect in some cases - sometimes it write incorrect Content-Encoding header. In my code i get HttpResponse from this remote site. And if Content-Encoding header is equals, for example, "gzip", i need to set Content-Encoding header to "deflate". But there is no properties or methods in HttpResponse class to get Content-Encoding header. Content-Encoding property returns, in my case, "UTF-8". In Watch window i see _customProperties field, which contain wrong string value. How can i change header value with Asp.NET 1.1?

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• IE7 float/clear bug

  - by alex

  I am having the weirdest behavior in IE7 on this page. I have a clear: left on #moored that makes sure that #content-container will expand to the height of the float: left'd #content. Of course, Firefox and IE8 do it right. The weird thing though, is in IE7, it appears that #content-container is automatically expanding to contain the #secondary-content, which it shouldn't. Even weirder is when I view with IE8 with developer tools, the boundary boxes seem to show the that the #content-container is the expanding to the height of the #secondary-container, even though the background: #fff tells a different story. The background goes to where it should, and the void is now black. I've Googled a bit and came across heaps of similar float bugs, but I don't think I've found one which offers a fix yet for this circumstance. Can anyone please help me?

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• Incorrectly formatted html inconsistencies between DOM and what's displayed in firefox plugin

  - by deadalnix

  I'm currently developing a firefox plugin. This plugin has to handle very crappy website that is really incorrectly formatted. I cannot modify these websites, so I have to handle them. I reduced the bug I'm facing to a short sample of html (if this appellation is appropriate for an horror like this) : <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Some title.</title> <!-- Oh fuck yes ! --> <div style="visability:hidden;"> <a href="//example.com"> </a> </div> <!-- If meta are reduced, then the bug disapears ! --> <meta name="description" content="Homepage of Company.com, Company's corporate Web site" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Company, Company & Co., Inc., blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-US" /> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> </head> <body class="homePage"> <div class="globalWrapper"><a href="/page.html">My gorgeous link !</a></div> </body> </html> When opening the webpage, « My gorgeous link ! » if displayed and clickable. However, when I'm exploring the DOM with Javascript into my plugin, everything behaves (DOM exploration and innerHTML property) like the code was this one : <html> <head> <title>Some title.</title> <!-- Oh fuck yes ! --> </head><body><div style="visability:hidden;"> <a href="//example.com"> </a> </div> <!-- If meta are reduced, then the bug disapears ! --> <meta name="description" content="Homepage of Company.com, Company's corporate Web site"> <meta name="keywords" content="Company, Company &amp; Co., Inc., blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla, blablabla"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-US"> </body> </html> So, when exploring the DOM within the plugin, the document is somehow fixed by firefox. But this fixed DOM is inconsistent with what is in the webpage. Thus, my plugin doesn't behave as expected. I'm really puzzled with that issue. The problem exists in both firefox 3.6 and firefox 4 (didn't tested firefox 5 yet). For example, reducing the meta, will fix the issue. Where does this discrepancy come from ? How can I handle it ? EDIT: With the answer I get, I think I should be a little more precise. I do know what firefow is doing when modifying the webpage in the second code snippet. The problem is the following one : « In the fixed DOM that I get into my plugin, the gorgeous link doesn't appear anywhere, but this link is actually visible on the webpage, and works. So the DOM I'm manipulating, and the DOM in the webpage are different - they are fixed in a different manner. » . So where does the difference come in the fixing behaviour, and how can I handle that, or, in other terms, how can I be aware, in my plugin, of the existance of the gorgeous link ?

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• Regex and PHP for extracting contents between tags with several line breaks

  - by John

  How can I extract the content between tags with several line breaks? I'm a newbie to regex, who would like to know how to handle unknown numbers of line break to match my query. Task: Extract content between <div class="test"> and the first closing </div> tag. Original source: <div class="test">optional text<br/> content<br/> <br/> content<br/> ... content<br/><a href="/url/">Hyperlink</a></div></div></div> I've worked out the below regex, /<div class=\"test\">(.*?)<br\/>(.*?)<\/div>/ Just wonder how to match several line breaks using regex. There is DOM for us but I am not familiar with that.

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• Asp.net MVC, after using jeditable (Edit in place)

  - by coure06

  Ok, i can use jeditable to edit-in-place some content on a page and the content will be saved to a database. But whats the best way to re get that text-content from db to show into a place holder? p id="paraNo34" class="editable" --What i will write here so that it will get content from a db's table: [Content], where id=="paraNo34". /p The problem is if i will use some hard coded text like p id="paraNo34" class="editable" --Some text here /p I will able to edit-in-place using jeditable but when i will refresh page it will show the same "Some text here" as its not getting data from db.

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• Can I use ruby rest-client to POST a binary file to an http API?

  - by Angela

  I have been using rest-client in ruby in post XML to a third-party API. I need to be able to include a binary image that's uploaded. How do I do that? Uploading Attachments Both letters and postcards will, in most cases, require the attachment of documents. Those attachments might be PDFs in the case of letters or images in the case of postcards. To uploading an attachment, submit a POST to: http://www.postful.com/service/upload Be sure to include the Content-Type and Content-Length headers and the attachment itself as the body of the request. POST /upload HTTP/1.0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Length: 301456 ... file content here ... If the upload is successful, you will receive a response like the following: 290797321.waltershandy.2

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• Imaging: Paper Paper Everywhere, but None Should be in Sight

  - by Kellsey Ruppel

  Author: Vikrant Korde, Technical Architect, Aurionpro's Oracle Implementation Services team My wedding photos are stored in several empty shoeboxes. Yes...I got married before digital photography was mainstream...which means I'm old. But my parents are really old. They have shoeboxes filled with vacation photos on slides (I doubt many of you have even seen a home slide projector...and I hope you never do!). Neither me nor my parents should have shoeboxes filled with any form of photographs whatsoever. They should obviously live in the digital world...with no physical versions in sight (other than a few framed on our walls). Businesses grapple with similar challenges. But instead of shoeboxes, they have file cabinets and warehouses jam packed with paper invoices, legal documents, human resource files, material safety data sheets, incident reports, and the list goes on and on. In fact, regulatory and compliance rules govern many industries, requiring that this paperwork is available for any number of years. It's a real challenge...especially trying to find archived documents quickly and many times with no backup. Which brings us to a set of technologies called Image Process Management (or simply Imaging or Image Processing) that are transforming these antiquated, paper-based processes. Oracle's WebCenter Content Imaging solution is a combination of their WebCenter suite, which offers a robust set of content and document management features, and their Business Process Management (BPM) suite, which helps to automate business processes through the definition of workflows and business rules. Overall, the solution provides an enterprise-class platform for end-to-end management of document images within transactional business processes. It's a solution that provides all of the capabilities needed - from document capture and recognition, to imaging and workflow - to effectively transform your ‘shoeboxes’ of files into digitally managed assets that comply with strict industry regulations. The terminology can be quite overwhelming if you're new to the space, so we've provided a summary of the primary components of the solution below, along with a short description of the two paths that can be executed to load images of scanned documents into Oracle's WebCenter suite. WebCenter Imaging (WCI): the electronic document repository that provides security, annotations, and search capabilities, and is the primary user interface for managing work items in the imaging solution SOA & BPM Suites (workflow): provide business process management capabilities, including human tasks, workflow management, service integration, and all other standard SOA features. It's interesting to note that there a number of 'jumpstart' processes available to help accelerate the integration of business applications, such as the accounts payable invoice processing solution for E-Business Suite that facilitates the processing of large volumes of invoices WebCenter Enterprise Capture (WEC): expedites the capture process of paper documents to digital images, offering high volume scanning and importing from email, and allows for flexible indexing options WebCenter Forms Recognition (WFR): automatically recognizes, categorizes, and extracts information from paper documents with greatly reduced human intervention WebCenter Content: the backend content server that provides versioning, security, and content storage There are two paths that can be executed to send data from WebCenter Capture to WebCenter Imaging, both of which are described below: 1. Direct Flow - This is the simplest and quickest way to push an image scanned from WebCenter Enterprise Capture (WEC) to WebCenter Imaging (WCI), using the bare minimum metadata. The WEC activities are defined below: The paper document is scanned (or imported from email). The scanned image is indexed using a predefined indexing profile. The image is committed directly into the process flow 2. WFR (WebCenter Forms Recognition) Flow - This is the more complex process, during which data is extracted from the image using a series of operations including Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Classification, Extraction, and Export. This process creates three files (Tiff, XML, and TXT), which are fed to the WCI Input Agent (the high speed import/filing module). The WCI Input Agent directory is a standard ingestion method for adding content to WebCenter Imaging, the process for doing so is described below: WEC commits the batch using the respective commit profile. A TIFF file is created, passing data through the file name by including values separated by "_" (underscores). WFR completes OCR, classification, extraction, export, and pulls the data from the image. In addition to the TIFF file, which contains the document image, an XML file containing the extracted data, and a TXT file containing the metadata that will be filled in WCI, are also created. All three files are exported to WCI's Input agent directory. Based on previously defined "input masks", the WCI Input Agent will pick up the seeding file (often the TXT file). Finally, the TIFF file is pushed in UCM and a unique web-viewable URL is created. Based on the mapping data read from the TXT file, a new record is created in the WCI application.  Although these processes may seem complex, each Oracle component works seamlessly together to achieve a high performing and scalable platform. The solution has been field tested at some of the largest enterprises in the world and has transformed millions and millions of paper-based documents to more easily manageable digital assets. For more information on how an Imaging solution can help your business, please contact [email protected] (for U.S. West inquiries) or [email protected] (for U.S. East inquiries). About the Author: Vikrant is a Technical Architect in Aurionpro's Oracle Implementation Services team, where he delivers WebCenter-based Content and Imaging solutions to Fortune 1000 clients. With more than twelve years of experience designing, developing, and implementing Java-based software solutions, Vikrant was one of the founding members of Aurionpro's WebCenter-based offshore delivery team. He can be reached at [email protected].

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• Integrating Windows Form Click Once Application into SharePoint 2007 &ndash; Part 2 of 4

  - by Kelly Jones

  In my last post, I explained why we decided to use a Click Once application to solve our business problem. To quickly review, we needed a way for our business users to upload documents to a SharePoint 2007 document library in mass, set the meta data, set the permissions per document, and to do so easily. Let’s look at the pieces that make up our solution.  First, we have the Windows Form application.  This app is deployed using Click Once and calls SharePoint web services in order to upload files and then calls web services to set the meta data (SharePoint columns and permissions).  Second, we have a custom action.  The custom action is responsible for providing our users a link that will launch the Windows app, as well as passing values to it via the query string.  And lastly, we have the web services that the Windows Form application calls.  For our solution, we used both out of the box web services and a custom web service in order to set the column values in the document library as well as the permissions on the documents. Now, let’s look at the technical details of each of these pieces.  (All of the code is downloadable from here: )   Windows Form application deployed via Click Once The Windows Form application, called “Custom Upload”, has just a few classes in it: Custom Upload -- the form FileList.xsd -- the dataset used to track the names of the files and their meta data values SharePointUpload -- this class handles uploading the file SharePointUpload uses an HttpWebRequest to transfer the file to the web server. We had to change this code from a WebClient object to the HttpWebRequest object, because we needed to be able to set the time out value.  public bool UploadDocument(string localFilename, string remoteFilename) { bool result = true; //Need to use an HttpWebRequest object instead of a WebClient object // so we can set the timeout (WebClient doesn't allow you to set the timeout!) HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(remoteFilename); try { req.Method = "PUT"; req.Timeout = 60 * 1000; //convert seconds to milliseconds req.AllowWriteStreamBuffering = true; req.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; req.SendChunked = false; req.KeepAlive = true; Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream(); FileStream rdr = new FileStream(localFilename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); byte[] inData = new byte[4096]; int bytesRead = rdr.Read(inData, 0, inData.Length); while (bytesRead > 0) { reqStream.Write(inData, 0, bytesRead); bytesRead = rdr.Read(inData, 0, inData.Length); } reqStream.Close(); rdr.Close(); System.Net.HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse(); if (response.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK && response.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.Created) { String msg = String.Format("An error occurred while uploading this file: {0}\n\nError response code: {1}", System.IO.Path.GetFileName(localFilename), response.StatusCode.ToString()); LogWarning(msg, "2ACFFCCA-59BA-40c8-A9AB-05FA3331D223"); result = false; } } catch (Exception ex) { LogException(ex, "{E9D62A93-D298-470d-A6BA-19AAB237978A}"); result = false; } return result; } The class also contains the LogException() and LogWarning() methods. When the application is launched, it parses the query string for some initial values.  The query string looks like this: string queryString = "Srv=clickonce&Sec=N&Doc=DMI&SiteName=&Speed=128000&Max=50"; This Srv is the path to the server (my Virtual Machine is name “clickonce”), the Sec is short for security – meaning HTTPS or HTTP, the Doc is the shortcut for which document library to use, and SiteName is the name of the SharePoint site.  Speed is used to calculate an estimate for download speed for each file.  We added this so our users uploading documents would realize how long it might take for clients in remote locations (using slow WAN connections) to download the documents. The last value, Max, is the maximum size that the SharePoint site will allow documents to be.  This allowed us to give users a warning that a file is too large before we even attempt to upload it. Another critical piece is the meta data collection.  We organized our site using SharePoint content types, so when the app loads, it gets a list of the document library’s content types.  The user then select one of the content types from the drop down list, and then we query SharePoint to get a list of the fields that make up that content type.  We used both an out of the box web service, and one that we custom built, in order to get these values. Once we have the content type fields, we then add controls to the form.  Which type of control we add depends on the data type of the field.  (DateTime pickers for date/time fields, etc)  We didn’t write code to cover every data type, since we were working with a limited set of content types and field data types. Here’s a screen shot of the Form, before and after someone has selected the content types and our code has added the custom controls:     The other piece of meta data we collect is the in the upper right corner of the app, “Users with access”.  This box lists the different SharePoint Groups that we have set up and by checking the boxes, the user can set the permissions on the uploaded documents. All of this meta data is collected and submitted to our custom web service, which then sets the values on the documents on the list.  We’ll look at these web services in a future post. In the next post, we’ll walk through the Custom Action we built.

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• Displaying large file in JTextArea.

  - by Sathish Gopal

  Hi All, I'm currently working in Swing UI Assignment. This work involves showing large file content in JTextArea. The file size can be as large as 2 GB. My initial idea is to lazily load content from the file, say 1 MB of content will be shown to the user. As the user scrolls i will retrieve the next 1 MB of content to be shown. All these operation will be happening in background thread (Swing Worker). I looked at the JTextArea API, the method insert takes String and int(position of the insert) as the parameter. This will suffice, but i'm worried about performance, because the content (1 MB at a time) retrieved will have to be converted to String object. Is there any other work around or any other alternative/better solution for this.

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• InnoDB Compression Improvements in MySQL 5.6

  - by Inaam Rana

  MySQL 5.6 comes with significant improvements for the compression support inside InnoDB. The enhancements that we'll talk about in this piece are also a good example of community contributions. The work on these was conceived, implemented and contributed by the engineers at Facebook. Before we plunge into the details let us familiarize ourselves with some of the key concepts surrounding InnoDB compression. In InnoDB compressed pages are fixed size. Supported sizes are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16K. The compressed page size is specified at table creation time. InnoDB uses zlib for compression. InnoDB buffer pool will attempt to cache compressed pages like normal pages. However, whenever a page is actively used by a transaction, we'll always have the uncompressed version of the page as well i.e.: we can have a page in the buffer pool in compressed only form or in a state where we have both the compressed page and uncompressed version but we'll never have a page in uncompressed only form. On-disk we'll always only have the compressed page. When both compressed and uncompressed images are present in the buffer pool they are always kept in sync i.e.: changes are applied to both atomically. Recompression happens when changes are made to the compressed data. In order to minimize recompressions InnoDB maintains a modification log within a compressed page. This is the extra space available in the page after compression and it is used to log modifications to the compressed data thus avoiding recompressions. DELETE (and ROLLBACK of DELETE) and purge can be performed without recompressing the page. This is because the delete-mark bit and the system fields DB_TRX_ID and DB_ROLL_PTR are stored in uncompressed format on the compressed page. A record can be purged by shuffling entries in the compressed page directory. This can also be useful for updates of indexed columns, because UPDATE of a key is mapped to INSERT+DELETE+purge. A compression failure happens when we attempt to recompress a page and it does not fit in the fixed size. In such case, we first try to reorganize the page and attempt to recompress and if that fails as well then we split the page into two and recompress both pages. Now lets talk about the three major improvements that we made in MySQL 5.6.Logging of Compressed Page Images:InnoDB used to log entire compressed data on the page to the redo logs when recompression happens. This was an extra safety measure to guard against the rare case where an attempt is made to do recovery using a different zlib version from the one that was used before the crash. Because recovery is a page level operation in InnoDB we have to be sure that all recompress attempts must succeed without causing a btree page split. However, writing entire compressed data images to the redo log files not only makes the operation heavy duty but can also adversely affect flushing activity. This happens because redo space is used in a circular fashion and when we generate much more than normal redo we fill up the space much more quickly and in order to reuse the redo space we have to flush the corresponding dirty pages from the buffer pool.Starting with MySQL 5.6 a new global configuration parameter innodb_log_compressed_pages. The default value is true which is same as the current behavior. If you are sure that you are not going to attempt to recover from a crash using a different version of zlib then you should set this parameter to false. This is a dynamic parameter.Compression Level:You can now set the compression level that zlib should choose to compress the data. The global parameter is innodb_compression_level - the default value is 6 (the zlib default) and allowed values are 1 to 9. Again the parameter is dynamic i.e.: you can change it on the fly.Dynamic Padding to Reduce Compression Failures:Compression failures are expensive in terms of CPU. We go through the hoops of recompress, failure, reorganize, recompress, failure and finally page split. At the same time, how often we encounter compression failure depends largely on the compressibility of the data. In MySQL 5.6, courtesy of Facebook engineers, we have an adaptive algorithm based on per-index statistics that we gather about compression operations. The idea is that if a certain index/table is experiencing too many compression failures then we should try to pack the 16K uncompressed version of the page less densely i.e.: we let some space in the 16K page go unused in an attempt that the recompression won't end up in a failure. In other words, we dynamically keep adding 'pad' to the 16K page till we get compression failures within an agreeable range. It works the other way as well, that is we'll keep removing the pad if failure rate is fairly low. To tune the padding effort two configuration variables are exposed. innodb_compression_failure_threshold_pct: default 5, range 0 - 100,dynamic, implies the percentage of compress ops to fail before we start using to padding. Value 0 has a special meaning of disabling the padding. innodb_compression_pad_pct_max: default 50, range 0 - 75, dynamic, the  maximum percentage of uncompressed data page that can be reserved as pad.

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• Organization &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 5

  - by MarkPearl

  Learning Outcomes Describe the operation of a memory cell Explain the difference between DRAM and SRAM Discuss the different types of ROM Explain the concepts of a hard failure and a soft error respectively Describe SDRAM organization Semiconductor Main Memory The two traditional forms of RAM used in computers are DRAM and SRAM DRAM (Dynamic RAM) Divided into two technologies… Dynamic Static Dynamic RAM is made with cells that store data as charge on capacitors. The presence or absence of charge in a capacitor is interpreted as a binary 1 or 0. Because capacitors have natural tendency to discharge, dynamic RAM requires periodic charge refreshing to maintain data storage. The term dynamic refers to the tendency of the stored charge to leak away, even with power continuously applied. Although the DRAM cell is used to store a single bit (0 or 1), it is essentially an analogue device. The capacitor can store any charge value within a range, a threshold value determines whether the charge is interpreted as a 1 or 0. SRAM (Static RAM) SRAM is a digital device that uses the same logic elements used in the processor. In SRAM, binary values are stored using traditional flip flop logic configurations. SRAM will hold its data as along as power is supplied to it. Unlike DRAM, no refresh is required to retain data. SRAM vs. DRAM DRAM is simpler and smaller than SRAM. Thus it is more dense and less expensive than SRAM. The cost of the refreshing circuitry for DRAM needs to be considered, but if the machine requires a large amount of memory, DRAM turns out to be cheaper than SRAM. SRAMS are somewhat faster than DRAM, thus SRAM is generally used for cache memory and DRAM is used for main memory. Types of ROM Read Only Memory (ROM) contains a permanent pattern of data that cannot be changed. ROM is non volatile meaning no power source is required to maintain the bit values in memory. While it is possible to read a ROM, it is not possible to write new data into it. An important application of ROM is microprogramming, other applications include library subroutines for frequently wanted functions, System programs, Function tables. A ROM is created like any other integrated circuit chip, with the data actually wired into the chip as part of the fabrication process. To reduce costs of fabrication, we have PROMS. PROMS are… Written only once Non-volatile Written after fabrication Another variation of ROM is the read-mostly memory, which is useful for applications in which read operations are far more frequent than write operations, but for which non volatile storage is required. There are three common forms of read-mostly memory, namely… EPROM EEPROM Flash memory Error Correction Semiconductor memory is subject to errors, which can be classed into two categories… Hard failure – Permanent physical defect so that the memory cell or cells cannot reliably store data Soft failure – Random error that alters the contents of one or more memory cells without damaging the memory (common cause includes power supply issues, etc.) Most modern main memory systems include logic for both detecting and correcting errors. Error detection works as follows… When data is to be read into memory, a calculation is performed on the data to produce a code Both the code and the data are stored When the previously stored word is read out, the code is used to detect and possibly correct errors The error checking provides one of 3 possible results… No errors are detected – the fetched data bits are sent out An error is detected, and it is possible to correct the error. The data bits plus error correction bits are fed into a corrector, which produces a corrected set of bits to be sent out An error is detected, but it is not possible to correct it. This condition is reported Hamming Code See wiki for detailed explanation. We will probably need to know how to do a hemming code – refer to the textbook (pg. 188 – 189) Advanced DRAM organization One of the most critical system bottlenecks when using high-performance processors is the interface to main memory. This interface is the most important pathway in the entire computer system. The basic building block of main memory remains the DRAM chip. In recent years a number of enhancements to the basic DRAM architecture have been explored, and some of these are now on the market including… SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) DDR-DRAM RDRAM SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) SDRAM exchanges data with the processor synchronized to an external clock signal and running at the full speed of the processor/memory bus without imposing wait states. SDRAM employs a burst mode to eliminate the address setup time and row and column line precharge time after the first access In burst mode a series of data bits can be clocked out rapidly after the first bit has been accessed SDRAM has a multiple bank internal architecture that improves opportunities for on chip parallelism SDRAM performs best when it is transferring large blocks of data serially There is now an enhanced version of SDRAM known as double data rate SDRAM or DDR-SDRAM that overcomes the once-per-cycle limitation of SDRAM

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