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  • How do I pass an object location into a vertex shader?

    - by Greg Kassapidis
    I am using Blender Game Engine. I want to create a large flat plane, and deform it locally near a moving object. So far (despite being a beginner at shaders) I've written a vertex shader for the plane which moves the vertices to their correct positions (constant positions, for now). I cannot find a way to swap that constant location with an object's location updated every frame, while the shader is running. I am not even sure if it's possible. I only want to access a specific object's center from the shader.

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  • Removing 301 redirect from site root

    - by Jon Clements
    I'm having a look at a friends website (a fairly old PHP based one) which they've been advised needs re-structuring. The key points being: URLs should be lower case and more "friendly". The root of the domain should be not be re-directed. The first point I'm happy with (and the URLs needed tidying up anyway) and have a draft plan of action, however the second is baffling me as to not only the best way to do it, but also whether it should be done. Currently http://www.example.com/ is redirected to http://www.example.com/some-link-with-keywords/ using the follow index.php in the root of the Apache2 instance. <?php $nextpage = "some-link-with-keywords/"; header( "HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently" ); header( "Status: 301 Moved Permanently" ); header("Location: $nextpage"); exit(0); // This is Optional but suggested, to avoid any accidental output ?> As far as I'm aware, this has been the case for around three years -- and I'm sorely tempted to advise to not worry about it. It would appear taking off the 301 could: Potentially affect page ranking (as the 'homepage' would disappear - although it couldn't disappear because of the next point...) Introduce maintainance issues as existing users would still have the re-directed page in their cache Following the above, introduce duplicate content Confuse Google/other SE's as to what the homepage actually is now I may be over-analysing this but I have a feeling it's not as simple as removing the 301 from the root, and 301'ing the previous target to the root... Any suggestions (including it's not worth it) are sincerely appreciated.

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  • Sprite Sheets in PyGame?

    - by Eamonn
    So, I've been doing some googling, and haven't found a good solution to my problem. My problem is that I'm using PyGame, and I want to use a Sprite Sheet for my player. This is all well and good, and it would be too, if I wasn't using a Sprite Sheet strip. Basically, if you don't understand, I have a strip of 32x32 'frames'. These frames are all in an image, along side each other. So, I have 3 frames in 1 image. I'd like to be able to use them as my sprite sheet, and not have to crop them up. I have used an awesome, popular and easy-to-use game framework for Lua called LÖVE. LÖVE has these things called "Quads". They are similar to texture regions in LibGDX, if you know what they are. Basically, quads allow you to get parts of an image. You define how large a quad is, and you define parts of an image that way, or 'regions' of an image. I would like to do something similar to this in PyGame, and use a "for" loop to go through the entire image width and height and mark each 32x32 area (or whatever the user defines as their desired frame width and height) and store that in a list or something for use later on. I'd define an animation speed and stuff, but that's for later on. I've been looking around on the web, and I can't find anything that will do this. I found 1 script on the PyGame website, but it crashed PyGame when I tried to run it. I tried for hours trying to fix it, but no luck. So, is there a way to do this? Is there a way to get regions of an image? Am I going about this the wrong way? Is there a simpler way to do this? Thanks! :-)

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  • How to 301 redirect from old query string urls to CakePHP Canonical urls?

    - by Daniel Bingham
    I currently have a .htaccess file that looks like this: RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^action=view&item=([0-9]+)$ RewriteRule ^index\.php$ /index.php?url=item/%1 [R=301] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?url=$1 [QSA,L] It is meant to 301 redirect my old query string based URLs to new CakePHP urls. This will successfully send users to the correct page. However, Google doesn't seem to like it (see below). I previously tried doing this: RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^action=view&item=([0-9]+)$ RewriteRule ^index\.php$ /item/%1 [R=301] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?url=$1 [QSA,L] But that fails. The second rewrite rule doesn't seem to catch the rewritten URL. It goes straight through. Using the first version wouldn't be a problem, except that I suspect that is what is choking up Google. It hasn't indexed my sitemap full of the new URLs. My old sitemap had been fully indexed and all the URLs are in Google's index. But it isn't following the redirects from the old URLs to the new. I have a 'not followed' error for every one of the query urls that was in my old sitemap. Am I properly using a 301 redirect here? Is it the weird rewrite rule? What can I do to send both Google and users to the proper page and save my page rank?

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  • Blender - creating bones from transform matrices

    - by user975135
    Notice: this is for the Blender 2.5/2.6 API. Back in the old days in the Blender 2.4 API, you could easily create a bone from a transform matrix in your 3d file as EditBones had an attribute named "matrix", which was an armature-space matrix you could access and modify. The new 2.5+ API still has the "matrix" attribute for EditBones, but for some unknown reason it is now read-only. So how to create EditBones from transform matrices? I could only find one thing: a new "transform()" function, which takes a Matrix too. Transform the the bones head, tail, roll and envelope (when the matrix has a scale component). Perfect, but you already need to have some values (loc/rot/scale) for your bone, otherwise transforming with a matrix like this will give you nothing, your bone will be a zero-sized bone which will be deleted by Blender. if you create default bone values first, like this: bone.tail = mathutils.Vector([0,1,0]) Then transform() will work on your bone and it might seem to create correct bones, but setting a tail position actually generates a matrix itself, use transform() and you don't get the matrix from your model file on your EditBone, but the multiplication of your matrix with the bone's existing one. This can be easily proven by comparing the matrices read from the file with EditBone.matrix. Again it might seem correct in Blender, but now export your model and you see your animations are messed up, as the bind pose rotations of the bones are wrong. I've tried to find an alternative way to assign the transformation matrix from my file to my EditBone with no luck.

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  • dput keeps selecting the wrong ppa

    - by Neil Munro
    I am trying to upload my application for Ubuntu app showdown and I have built it with quickly package --extras, however when I run quickly submit ubuntu I get an email telling me the package was rejected because it was trying to upload to an older ppa I deleted months ago. I can upload the source to the right area with dput, but obviously I need a built deb package. This is starting to stress me out somewhat because I have been fighting this for over a day or more now. Any help is greatly appreciated, I understand quickly is supposed to do a lot of the grunt work for me so it's getting frustrating not knowing what's going on. Thanks, Neil

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  • mod_rewrite works within directory not on root

    - by Anvesh Saxena
    I am having problem in my RewriteRule for the tags portion. What I am able to debug is that the rule is been triggered at least because the page "tags.php" is been rendered but without the URL parameters. This .htaccess file with the rules is within root for my sub-domain and has following content for tags postion. # Rewrite rule for tags RewriteRule ^tags/(\w+)/(\d+)/?$ tags.php?tag_name=$1&tag_id=$2 RewriteRule ^tags/(\w+)/?$ tags.php?tag_name=$1 RewriteRule ^tags/?$ tags.php?tag_name= Another problem that I ain't able to debug is that the similar .htaccess file exists for a directory within my sub domain and is working as expected with the necessary URL parameters also been available. The .htaccess file within the directory reads as follows # Rewrite rule for tags RewriteRule ^tags/(\w+)/(\d+)/?$ restAPI.php?type=tags&tag_name=$1&tag_id=$2 RewriteRule ^tags/(\w+)/?$ restAPI.php?type=tags&tag_name=$1 RewriteRule ^tags/?$ restAPI.php?type=tags&tag_name= Could anyone point me the problem that I might be having in my Rewrite rules, I am also facing Internal server error sometimes which I am second guessing is due to the linked problem. Note:- I have Apache version 2.2.23 on my shared hosting.

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  • .htaccess language redirects with seo-friendly urls

    - by jlmmns
    How do I setup my .htaccess file to detect several languages, and redirect them to specific seo-friendly urls? Basically every url needs to go to index.php?lang=(...) So, for English language detection http://mysite.com has to go to http://mysite.com/en/ (index.php?lang=en) my .htaccess as of now (not working): RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP:HOST} http://mysite.com/ RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^en [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/en/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^de [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/de/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^nl [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/nl/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^fr [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/fr/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^es [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/es/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-l RewriteRule ^(en|de|nl|fr|es)$ index.php?lang=$1 [L,QSA]

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  • Does purposely linking to an invalid URL and then using 301 affect SEO?

    - by Mike
    On a section of my site, I am currently using .htaccess rewrites to put the ID as part of the URL instead of in the query, like so: RewriteRule ^([a-z_]+)?/?tours/([0-9]+)/(.*) /tours/tour_text.php?lang=$1&id=$2&urlstr=$3 [L] For example, if someone goes to /en/tours/12/some-text-here it will rewrite it to /tours/tour_text.php?lang=en&id=12&urlstr=some-text-here. However I don't want the users to be able to put just any text, so if they type in the wrong some-text-here part it will 301 redirect them to the right page. This works perfectly, but I can see a potential problem potential arising when localizing the website, so I just wanted to make sure it's not actually a problem. How it is now, if someone goes to /en/tours/12/some-text-here, the anchor to the Spanish version of that page will be /es/tours/12/some-text-here (i.e. only changing the "en" to "es"), and then the script will then 301 them to the correct Spanish text (something like /es/tours/12/algun-texto-aqui). And the reverse will also be the same. The anchor on the Spanish version to the English version would be /en/tours/12/algun-texto-aqui and then they will be forwarded with 301 back to /en/tours/12/some-text-here. Basically, the anchor changes the language and the 301 changes the string at the end. So I have two questions: Does purposely and permanently having invalid URLs on your site that get 301'ed to the correct ones have any effect on SEO? I could make it just show the correct URL to begin with, but this is a significant amount of work due to how I am handling the translations, so I would prefer just to 301 them. Will the invalid URLs that are contained in the links be added to the search engine indexes even if they get 301'ed to another page?

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  • How to Remove Extensions From, and Force the Trailing Slash at the End of URLs?

    - by Kronbernkzion
    Example of current file structure: example.com/foo.php example.com/bar.html example.com/directory/ example.com/directory/foo.php example.com/directory/bar.html example.com/cgi-bin/directory/foo.cgi I would like to remove HTML, PHP and CGI extensions from, and then force the trailing slash at the end of URLs. So, it could look like this: example.com/foo/ example.com/bar/ example.com/directory/ example.com/directory/foo/ example.com/directory/bar/ example.com/cgi-bin/directory/foo/ I am very frustrated because I've searched for 17 hours straight for solution and visited more than a few hundred pages on various blogs and forums. I'm not joking. So I think I've done my research. Here is the code that sits in my .htaccess file right now: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.html -f RewriteRule ^(([^/]+/)*[^./]+)/$ $1.html RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]|/)$ RewriteRule (.*)$ /$1/ [R=301,L] As you can see, this code only removes .html (and I'm not very happy with it because I think it could be done a lot simpler). I can remove the extension from PHP files when I rename them to .html through .htaccess, but that's not what I want. I want to remove it straight. This is the first thing I don't know how to do. The second thing is actually very annoying. My .htaccess file with code above, adds .html/ to every string entered after example.com/directory/foo/. So if I enter example.com/directory/foo/bar (obviously /bar doesn't exist since foo is a file), instead of just displaying message that page is not found, it converts it to example.com/directory/foo/bar.html/, then searches for a file for a few seconds and then displays the not found message. This, of course, is bad behavior. So, once again, I need the code in .htaccess to do the following things: Remove .html extension Remove .php extension Remove .cgi extension Force the trailing slash at the end of URLs Requests should behave correctly (no adding trailing slashes or extensions to strings if file or directory doesn't exist on server) Code should be as simple as possible I would very much appreciate any help. And to first person that gives me the solution, I'll send two $50 iTunes Store gift cards for US store. If this offends anyone, I am truly sorry and I apologize. Thanks in advance.

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  • Nested entities in Google App Engine. Do I do it right?

    - by Aleksandr Makov
    Trying to make most of the GAE Datastore entities concept, but some doubts drill my head. Say I have the model: class User(ndb.Model): email = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=True) password = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=False) first_name = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=False) last_name = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=False) created_at = ndb.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) @classmethod def key(cls, email): return ndb.Key(User, email) @classmethod def Add(cls, email, password, first_name, last_name): user = User(parent=cls.key(email), email=email, password=password, first_name=first_name, last_name=last_name) user.put() UserLogin.Record(email) class UserLogin(ndb.Model): time = ndb.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) @classmethod def Record(cls, user_email): login = UserLogin(parent=User.key(user_email)) login.put() And I need to keep track of times of successful login operations. Each time user logs in, an UserLogin.Record() method will be executed. Now the question — do I make it right? Thanks. EDIT 2 Ok, used the typed arguments, but then it raised this: Expected Key instance, got User(key=Key('User', 5418393301680128), created_at=datetime.datetime(2013, 6, 27, 10, 12, 25, 479928), email=u'[email protected]', first_name=u'First', last_name=u'Last', password=u'password'). It's clear to understand, but I don't get why the docs are misleading? They implicitly propose to use: # Set Employee as Address entity's parent directly... address = Address(parent=employee) But Model expects key. And what's worse the parent=user.key() swears that key() isn't callable. And I found out the user.key works. EDIT 1 After reading the example form the docs and trying to replicate it — I got type error: TypeError('Model constructor takes no positional arguments.'). This is the exacto code used: user = User('[email protected]', 'password', 'First', 'Last') user.put() stamp = UserLogin(parent=user) stamp.put() I understand that Model was given the wrong argument, BUT why it's in the docs?

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  • Detecting walls or floors in pygame

    - by Serial
    I am trying to make bullets bounce of walls, but I can't figure out how to correctly do the collision detection. What I am currently doing is iterating through all the solid blocks and if the bullet hits the bottom, top or sides, its vector is adjusted accordingly. However, sometimes when I shoot, the bullet doesn't bounce, I think it's when I shoot at a border between two blocks. Here is the update method for my Bullet class: def update(self, dt): if self.can_bounce: #if the bullet hasnt bounced find its vector using the mousclick pos and player pos speed = -10. range = 200 distance = [self.mouse_x - self.player[0], self.mouse_y - self.player[1]] norm = math.sqrt(distance[0] ** 2 + distance[1] ** 2) direction = [distance[0] / norm, distance[1 ] / norm] bullet_vector = [direction[0] * speed, direction[1] * speed] self.dx = bullet_vector[0] self.dy = bullet_vector[1] #check each block for collision for block in self.game.solid_blocks: last = self.rect.copy() if self.rect.colliderect(block): topcheck = self.rect.top < block.rect.bottom and self.rect.top > block.rect.top bottomcheck = self.rect.bottom > block.rect.top and self.rect.bottom < block.rect.bottom rightcheck = self.rect.right > block.rect.left and self.rect.right < block.rect.right leftcheck = self.rect.left < block.rect.right and self.rect.left > block.rect.left each test tests if it hit the top bottom left or right side of the block its colliding with if self.can_bounce: if topcheck: self.rect = last self.dy *= -1 self.can_bounce = False print "top" if bottomcheck: self.rect = last self.dy *= -1 #Bottom check self.can_bounce = False print "bottom" if rightcheck: self.rect = last self.dx *= -1 #right check self.can_bounce = False print "right" if leftcheck: self.rect = last self.dx *= -1 #left check self.can_bounce = False print "left" else: # if it has already bounced and colliding again kill it self.kill() for enemy in self.game.enemies_list: if self.rect.colliderect(enemy): self.kill() #update position self.rect.x -= self.dx self.rect.y -= self.dy This definitely isn't the best way to do it but I can't think of another way. If anyone has done this or can help that would be awesome!

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  • To Fix HTTP 400-499 error codes with 301 redirects in .htaccess file

    - by user2131844
    Google previously indexed my websites pages (sitemap.xml) with below format: www.domain.com/2013/04/18/hot?test-gadgets-of-2013-to-include-in-?your-list www.domain.com/2013/02/09/rin?gdroid I have resubmitted the sitemap but there are still 404 errors in Google/Bing engine. Could you please help me to write 301 redirects rule in .htaccess file so when some clicks the URL for: www.domain.com/2013/02/09/rin?gdroid They should be redirected to: www.domain.com/rin?gdroid How we can write rule in .htaccess file to remove date part 2013/02/09/?

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  • Error accessing Gio.Gsettings on application made in quickly

    - by Zane Swafford
    I am trying to develop an application using the quickly/pygtk stack. I got my Gsettings schemas all set up in ~/app-name-here/data/glib-2.0/schemas/net.launchpad.app-name-here.gschema.xml correctly and I am able to access it just fine in my preferences dialog window that is located in ~/app-name-here/app-name-here/PreferencesDialog.py via from gi.repository import Gtk, Gio settings = Gio.Settings("net.launchpad.app-name-here") settings.get_boolean('notify') settings.set_boolean('notify', True) but when I try to check the value of one of my settings in a file located in ~/app-name-here/bin/Daemon.py that I use as a script to run in the background and send notifications by a similar method of from gi.repository import Gio settings = Gio.Settings("net.launchpad.app-name-here") settings.get_boolean('notify') it fails at the line that says settings = Gio.Settings("net.launchpad.app-name-here") and spits out a nasty error (Daemon.py:26100): GLib-GIO-ERROR **: Settings schema 'net.launchpad.app-name-here' is not installed Despite the fact that I can open up dconf-editor and find the settings under net/launchpad/app-name-here. Any thoughts?

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  • How do I access the preferences from my main dialog window? Also how do I add a new preference?

    - by Captain_Glen
    class PreferencesCalorieBurnerDialog(PreferencesDialog): __gtype_name__ = "PreferencesCalorieBurnerDialog" def finish_initializing(self, builder): # pylint: disable=E1002 """Set up the preferences dialog""" super(PreferencesCalorieBurnerDialog, self).finish_initializing(builder) # Bind each preference widget to gsettings settings = Gio.Settings("net.launchpad.calorie-burner") widget = self.builder.get_object('example_entry') settings.bind("example", widget, "text", Gio.SettingsBindFlags.DEFAULT) #Custom preference widget = self.builder.get_object('weight') settings.bind("weight", widget, "float", Gio.SettingsBindFlags.DEFAULT) Main Dialog self.PreferencesDialog.get_weight()???

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  • USB device changes using udev and D-Bus

    - by kicsyromy
    I am trying to get a list of currently plugged in USB devices in Ubuntu 10.10 and monitor changes that happen, like devices being plugged in or out using udev and D-Bus. I'm fairly new to programming using D-Bus. I saw one example: "Linux: How to detect is usb keyboard is plugged and unplugged". Problem is that it uses HAL and I know that HAL is deprecated. I found some working code, but it's working only with storage devices such as USB sticks, media players or CD-ROM drives. I want the whole thing: mice, keyboards, USB cameras, chargers; anything that is plugged in to the USB. How can I listen D-Bus events for any USB device plug and unplug? This is basically what I have now (also): import dbus import gobject from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop def device_added_callback(device): print 'Device %s was added' % (device) def device_changed_callback(device): print 'Device %s was changed' % (device) #must be done before connecting to DBus DBusGMainLoop(set_as_default=True) bus = dbus.SystemBus() proxy = bus.get_object("org.freedesktop.UDisks", "/org/freedesktop/UDisks") iface = dbus.Interface(proxy, "org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device") devices = iface.get_dbus_method('EnumerateDevices')() print '%s' % (devices) #addes two signal listeners iface.connect_to_signal('DeviceAdded', device_added_callback) iface.connect_to_signal('DeviceChanged', device_changed_callback) #start the main loop mainloop = gobject.MainLoop() mainloop.run()

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  • How to get rid of the background gradient of the inline GtkToolbar?

    - by Dima
    When you run the below code, it will show an inline toolbar in a window. Notice how the inline toolbar has a stand-out backbround. Is there a way to apply CSS to get rid of it and make blend with regular window color? #!/usr/bin/python3 from gi.repository import Gtk button_names = [Gtk.STOCK_ABOUT, Gtk.STOCK_ADD, Gtk.STOCK_REMOVE, Gtk.STOCK_QUIT] buttons = [Gtk.ToolButton.new_from_stock(name) for name in button_names] toolbar = Gtk.Toolbar() toolbar.set_show_arrow(False) for button in buttons: toolbar.insert(button, -1) style_context = toolbar.get_style_context() style_context.add_class(Gtk.STYLE_CLASS_INLINE_TOOLBAR) grid = Gtk.Grid() grid.add(toolbar) label = Gtk.Label() grid.add(label) window = Gtk.Window() window.set_size_request(200, 50) window.add(grid) window.connect('delete-event', Gtk.main_quit) window.show_all() Gtk.main()

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  • How do I commit changes to a text file on button press?

    - by boywithaxe
    I've written a small app that creates a GUI for setting up uShare. Currently it depends heavily on the 'w' (write) and 'a' (append) functions to generate/edit ushare.conf file. But I've been trying to find a way for the app to store all the changes until a save button is pressed, and only then committing them to the actual file. I think that would be the best way of getting around having the user press enter every time they change any field (and indeed allow for GtkCheckButton).

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  • How to create a GLib.TimeVal from timestamp?

    - by fluteflute
    I have a value such as 'timestamp' below, where the last three digits correspond to milliseconds. timestamp = 1340830988768 I currently have code that looks like the following: import indicate indicator = indicate.Indicator() indicator.set_property_time("time", int(timestamp[:-3])) I want to amend it to use: from gi.repository import Indicate indicator = Indicate.Indicator() However, the new version of set_property_time requires the second parameter to be a GLib.TimeVal. How do I create a GLib.TimeVal from my timestamp? Millisecond precision is not important for this application.

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  • url mod_rewrite

    - by Pritam Borkar
    I had an e-commerce website hosted on http://mydomain.com/beta for more than a year, eventually I decided to move the website to root http://mydomain.com I had done quite a lot of link postings to forums etc, when my site used to be hosted in the sub-dir /beta . Is there any way to do a mod_rewrite by which all the old links that I have posted do not return as broken links since now longer the site is hosted in /beta and is now hosted on the site root. I did read that mod_rewrite can help resolve this issue, but also read about that this has to be done with care. Just a tip that this site is using Friendl URL.

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  • quickly package --extras doesn't produce /opt/extras.ubuntu.com/../share/locale

    - by user75704
    I'm trying to package an app to /opt, but when installed the app won't run and complains: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/opt/extras.ubuntu.com/drawers/bin/drawers", line 45, in <module> import drawers File "/opt/extras.ubuntu.com/drawers/drawers/__init__.py", line 21, in <module> locale.bindtextdomain('drawers', '/opt/extras.ubuntu.com/drawers/share/locale') NameError: name 'locale' is not defined I can't figure out what I need to change. Is there a config file I need to alter?

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  • How to set PyGtk toolbuttons label color?

    - by Voidcode
    I am just beginning learning Quickly and PyGtk, after see this info-video on Ubuntu-develperment. As in the video I am adding a toolbar to my glade-file, then some buttons. To style the toolbar for ubuntu I do: self.toolbar = self.builder.get_object("toolbar") context = self.toolbar.get_style_context() context.add_class(Gtk.STYLE_CLASS_PRIMARY_TOOLBAR) The style works, But the label-text-color for the buttons look like this: How can I changes the text color?

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  • Force www. on multi domain site and retain http or https

    - by John Isaacks
    I am using CakePHP which already contains an .htaccess file that looks like: <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^$ app/webroot/ [L] RewriteRule (.*) app/webroot/$1 [L] </IfModule> I want to force www. (unless it is a subdomain) to avoid duplicate content penalties. It needs to retain http or https Also This application will have multiple domains pointing to it. So the code needs to be able to work with any domain.

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  • Caching factory design

    - by max
    I have a factory class XFactory that creates objects of class X. Instances of X are very large, so the main purpose of the factory is to cache them, as transparently to the client code as possible. Objects of class X are immutable, so the following code seems reasonable: # module xfactory.py import x class XFactory: _registry = {} def get_x(self, arg1, arg2, use_cache = True): if use_cache: hash_id = hash((arg1, arg2)) if hash_id in _registry: return _registry[hash_id] obj = x.X(arg1, arg2) _registry[hash_id] = obj return obj # module x.py class X: # ... Is it a good pattern? (I know it's not the actual Factory Pattern.) Is there anything I should change? Now, I find that sometimes I want to cache X objects to disk. I'll use pickle for that purpose, and store as values in the _registry the filenames of the pickled objects instead of references to the objects. Of course, _registry itself would have to be stored persistently (perhaps in a pickle file of its own, in a text file, in a database, or simply by giving pickle files the filenames that contain hash_id). Except now the validity of the cached object depends not only on the parameters passed to get_x(), but also on the version of the code that created these objects. Strictly speaking, even a memory-cached object could become invalid if someone modifies x.py or any of its dependencies, and reloads it while the program is running. So far I ignored this danger since it seems unlikely for my application. But I certainly cannot ignore it when my objects are cached to persistent storage. What can I do? I suppose I could make the hash_id more robust by calculating hash of a tuple that contains arguments arg1 and arg2, as well as the filename and last modified date for x.py and every module and data file that it (recursively) depends on. To help delete cache files that won't ever be useful again, I'd add to the _registry the unhashed representation of the modified dates for each record. But even this solution isn't 100% safe since theoretically someone might load a module dynamically, and I wouldn't know about it from statically analyzing the source code. If I go all out and assume every file in the project is a dependency, the mechanism will still break if some module grabs data from an external website, etc.). In addition, the frequency of changes in x.py and its dependencies is quite high, leading to heavy cache invalidation. Thus, I figured I might as well give up some safety, and only invalidate the cache only when there is an obvious mismatch. This means that class X would have a class-level cache validation identifier that should be changed whenever the developer believes a change happened that should invalidate the cache. (With multiple developers, a separate invalidation identifier is required for each.) This identifier is hashed along with arg1 and arg2 and becomes part of the hash keys stored in _registry. Since developers may forget to update the validation identifier or not realize that they invalidated existing cache, it would seem better to add another validation mechanism: class X can have a method that returns all the known "traits" of X. For instance, if X is a table, I might add the names of all the columns. The hash calculation will include the traits as well. I can write this code, but I am afraid that I'm missing something important; and I'm also wondering if perhaps there's a framework or package that can do all of this stuff already. Ideally, I'd like to combine in-memory and disk-based caching.

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  • Should I return iterators or more sophisticated objects?

    - by Erik
    Say I have a function that creates a list of objects. If I want to return an iterator, I'll have to return iter(a_list). Should I do this, or just return the list as it is? My motivation for returning an iterator is that this would keep the interface smaller -- what kind of container I create to collect the objects is essentially an implementation detail On the other hand, it would be wasteful if the user of my function may have to recreate the same container from the iterator which would be bad for performance.

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