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• Top causes of slow ssh logins

  - by Peter Lyons

  I'd love for one of you smart and helpful folks to post a list of common causes of delays during an ssh login. Specifically, there are 2 spots where I see a range from instantaneous to multi-second delays. Between issuing the ssh command and getting a login prompt and between entering the passphrase and having the shell load Now, specifically I'm looking at ssh details only here. Obviously network latency, speed of the hardware and OSes involved, complex login scripts, etc can cause delays. For context I ssh to a vast multitude of linux distributions and some Solaris hosts using mostly Ubuntu, CentOS, and MacOS X as my client systems. Almost all of the time, the ssh server configuration is unchanged from the OS's default settings. What ssh server configurations should I be interested in? Are there OS/kernel parameters that can be tuned? Login shell tricks? Etc?

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• Looking for a clear and concise web page explaining why lower bits of random numbers are usually not

  - by Hamish Grubijan

  I am putting together an internal "every developer should know" wiki page. I saw many discussions regarding rand() % N, but not a single web page that explains it all. For instance, I am curious if this problem is only C- and Linux-specific, or if it also applies to Windows, C++,. Java, .Net, Python, Perl. Please help me get to the bottom of this. Also, just how non-random do the numbers get? Thank you!

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• How much data does windows write on boot

  - by soandos

  This question was inspired by Bob's comment to my answer here. On boot, windows writes files to the hard drive (I imagine this to be the case, as it has a way of detecting if the boot was previously interrupted by a hard power-off, and I am sure many other things). But assuming that there is a "smooth" boot, where there are no error, etc, and no logon scripts that run, and things like that, about how much (a few KB, a few MB, a few GB) data gets written to the drive? For simplicity's sake, assume that: hibernation is turned off windows 7 pagefile is turned off (does this matter right at boot, or only later?) How could one go about measuring this? Are there resources that have this information?

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• How can I kill MySQL queries every 60 seconds in Windows?

  - by Ethan Allen

  I want to check my MySQL server every minute and kill queries that have run longer than 150 seconds. The main reason I want to do this is because I don't want queries from certain people to lock up the DB for everyone else. I know this is not the ultimate solution to the problem, but at least it's a fallback in case something goes wrong with a query. I don't have a slave DB (this is just an at-home project). I'd like to schedule a script to run that does this for me. I'm unfamiliar with Perl or Ruby and I need it done on my Windows 2008 Server box. I've looked into creating a simple cmd line script, but that doesn't seem to be possible. I know currently I can do something like this but I have to do it manually: mysqladmin processlist mysqladmin kill Anyone have any ideas or examples on how I could do this?

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• How to restrict access to the files outside document root in apache?

  - by Bakhtiyor

  I have virtual hosts in /var/www/site1 and /var/www/site2 folders. I want to restrict access to the files outside document root in apache virtual host, i.e. site1 could not access files of site2. Right now this scripts in /var/www/site1 works fine, which is not good: $filename = "/var/www/site2/somefile"; $handle = fopen($filename, "r"); $contents = fread($handle, filesize($filename)); echo $contents; How to solve this problem please? Thank you very much!

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• Is there a c++ library that provides functionality to execute an external program and read its outpu

  - by BD at Rivenhill

  Basically, I'm looking for something that will allow me to replicate the following Perl code: my $fh = new FileHandle; $fh->open("foo |"); while (<$fh>) { # Do something with this line of data. } This is in the context of Linux, so a library that is specific to Windows will not help. I know how to write a program that does fork/exec/dup2 and all that basic shell-type jazz, but there are some fiddly details involving terminals that I don't feel like messing around with (and I don't have a copy of "Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment" or a similar reference handy), so I'm hoping that someone has already solved this problem.

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• systemctl (Fedora 17) and interacting spawned processes's consoles

  - by Sean

  Introduction I've recently upgraded to Fedora 17 and I'm getting used to the newer systemctl daemon manager versus shell init scripts. A feature I need on some of my daemons is the ability to interact with their consoles because unclean shutdowns not initiated by the process itself can cause database corruption. So, performing a systemctl stop service-name.service for example might cause irreversible data loss. These consoles read user input through stdin or similar methods, so what I've been doing on my old OS is to place those daemons foregrounded in a screen session, and I suspended that screen session with ^A ^z. It's also worth noting that I've now made systemctl do this automatically if the computer reboots, but it still doesn't solve my potential data corruption problem I'm trying to avoid. My Question Is there a way to use systemctl in order to directly interact with the console of processes it spawns? Can I hook a process through systemctl to get access to its console? Thanks You guys always give great answers, so I'm turning to you!

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• who delete my files?

  - by akalter

  I have some linux server. on two of our server we have mysql. we have daily backup on both machine. but the script different. i saw both scripts. on one of them i saw the "delete older files" algorithm, but in the other this is happening but not from the script. i trying to know who dletes my files, because of that i want to use same script on both machine because of that in the script with the deletion i also copy the files to the another server, and i want to do that in both servers. Who have an idea who delete my older backups? Thank you!

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• Run preseed commands as specific user / switching users

  - by pduersteler

  Beside the usual setup where I create a normal user foo, I want to run a few d-i preseed/late_command commands as that foo user. My initial thought was to simply call those commands with sudo, e.g: d-i preseed/late_command in-target echo "<pwd>" | sudo -Si <command>. This works for some sort of commands. However the problem is that some of the commands load up shell scripts which require to not be run with sudo. Issuing a su -c "<command>" would be an alternative, but su does not offer the possibility to read the password from stdin. Is it safe to jump around between the users using su (And if yes, how do I provide the stdin? and does it work or just result in a su: must be run from a terminal) or would this cause issues?

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• Vim syntax/compile-time error highlighting

  - by Tim Nordenfur

  Is there a Vim script that periodically tries to compile/interpret the code that I'm working on, and highlights syntax errors? I'd like it to point out that something is wrong between these lines: int a = 42 cout << a << endl; Such a thing would save me loads of time. I'm primarily searching for a Perl-syntax checker, but I'd also be interested in similar plugins for other languages. Update: Another error I'd like it to point out: int a == 42; cout << a << endl;

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• Forbid links to open new tabs in Google Chrome

  - by Andrzej

  I'm looking for a solution to forbid links in Google Chrome to open new tabs (in most cases it is a target="_blank" issue). So, I want all links to open pages in currently active tab, not in new tab. I tried a wide range of addons (for ex. "Death to target=_blank") and greasemonkey scripts that are supposed to remove target=_blank attribute but none of them worked. It is extremally anoying when I want to switch between accounts in GMail or navigate from GMail to GDrive. I always get the new tab opened and I need to close last tab manually.

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• Is there a feature in Nagios that allows Memory between checks?

  - by Kyle Brandt

  There are various instances where there are values I want to monitor with Nagios, and I don't care as much about the value itself, but rather how it compares to the previous value. For instance, I wrote one to check the fail counters in OpenVZ. In this case, I didn't care about the value that much, but rather I cared if the value increased. Another example might be switch ports, I would be most interested to get alerted about the change of state of a port (Although perhaps a trap would be better for this one). For my OpenVZ script, I used a temp file, but I am wondering if there is a better way? Maybe Nagios has some variables that plugins (check scripts) can access that are persistent across checks?

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• Can't resolve Mac's machine name on VPN

  - by Raghuveer

  My mac'c machine name is something like this: hostname.company.com but whenever I connect to VPN, it becomes something like vpn-xxxx.company.com where xxxx are some random numbers. Because of this, some of my scripts which are dependent on host name gets blocked. We use the standard mac's vpn setup which comes with OS X Lion (under network preferences). How can I resolve to the correct mac's name even if I am on vpn ? That is even if I am connected to VPN, my machine name should resolve to hostname.company.com and NOT to vpn-xxxx.company.com. Any suggestions would be really appreciated.

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• Is there any way to automatically prevent running out of memory?

  - by NoahY

  I am often running out of memory on my VPS ubuntu server. I wish there was a way to simply restart apache2 when it starts running out of memory, as that seems to solve the problem. Or am I just too lazy to fix the problem? I do have limited memory on the server... Okay, more information: I'm running apache2 prefork, here are my memory settings (i've been tweaking them...): StartServers 3 MinSpareServers 1 MaxSpareServers 5 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 The VPS has 1 GB of ram, running ubuntu 11.04 32-bit. As for scripts, I have a wordpress network with 5 blogs, an install of AskBot (a python/django stackexchange clone), and an install of MediaWiki that isn't really used. There is also a homebrewed mp3 script that accesses the getid3 library to display information on lists of podcasts, and it seems to be throwing some php errors, not sure if that's the culprit...

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• Ideal permissions scheme for multiple Apache/PHP sites...

  - by Omega

  I'm hosting multiple sites from one server where each site has it's own user and www directory in their home dir. Currently our web server runs as user nobody(99). We're noticing that to run several popular scripts and engines, they require write access to their own files. As the home directory is owned by the user, not nobody(99), what is the best policy or change in hosting configuration that would: ...make it so that all the various engines and platforms work? ...still allow us to work with files and edit them without having to diddle with permissions as root? Thanks for the advice!

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• Is there any trick to join and use Windows 8/8.1 with Samba 4 (4.1.6)?

  - by tenshimsm

  It seems that Samba doesn't like at all. I've followed various tutorials and I can't get Windows 8 to work properly with a Ubuntu Server as domain controller. This week i've downloaded ubuntu 14.04 lts and set a fast domain configuration. As usual all other Windows version (XP and 7) work but the newest M$ nightmare doesn't. In this try it doesn't even join the domain, keeps saying the my username or password are wrong. My /etc/samba/smb.conf # Global parameters [global] workgroup = DOMAIN realm = DOMAIN.LAN netbios name = DOM server role = active directory domain controller dns forwarder = 8.8.8.8 idmap_ldb:use rfc2307 = yes [netlogon] path = /var/lib/samba/sysvol/domain.lan/scripts read only = No [sysvol] path = /var/lib/samba/sysvol read only = No [test] directory mode = 0750 path = /SHARES/test read only = no Does anyone have a tutorial that really works? Because I've tried many, each one with different configurations that works only with the people that made them. And is there a way to import my old AD users, computers and ID in a way that I won't need to rejoin all computers?

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• Capturing system command output as a string

  - by dreeves

  Perl and PHP do this with backticks. For example: $output = `ls`; This code returns a directory listing into the variable $output. A similar function, system("ls"), returns the operating system return code for the given command. I'm talking about a variant that returns whatever the command prints to stdout. (There are better ways to get the list of files in a directory; the example code is an example of this concept.) How do other languages do this? Is there a canonical name for this function? (I'm going with "backtick"; though maybe I could coin "syslurp".)

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• is there a linux equivalent of iTerm(mac) sending command to multiple tabs functionality?

  - by jabbertalker

  in iTerm, you can send a command to execute simultaneously on a set of already opened tabs. Is there a way to do this in linux (with gnome-terminal preferably)? for instance, supposed that I had 10 tabs already ssh'd into [email protected] and sudoed to root and wanted to send a command to run on all 10 tabs. The goal of this is to be able to stay within a set of tabs and command them, rather than having to use expect scripts to ssh and elevate and run commands. Basically, like how you could do in iTerm.

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• Bonding and default gateway problem (CentOS)

  - by lg

  I configured network bonding on two machine with centos 5.5. Bonding works well, but the problem is default gateway: it is not configured! I follow this tutorial. I added GATEWAY in both (and either) /etc/sysconfig/network and /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0. But, when I restart network (or server) there is no default gateway (route command). This is ip route ls output after network restart: 10.0.0.0/16 dev bond0 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.0.88 Where is my mistake?

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• NSCoding and ostream

  - by Stephen Furlani

  Is there a better way to serialize an ObjC object than using /NSKeyedArchive? I need to distribute the object through a C++ std:ostream-like object to put on another computer. The object has over 122 members of various types... for which wants me to [coder encodeObject: (id) forKey: @"blah"]; for all of them... Does anyone have a nice Perl Script that will at least write it out? I don't even know if the objects it contains implement which means this could turn into a huge ugly mess since I can't change the source of the object - I'll have to inherit & add the @interface to it... Or am I being dumb? Apple's guide doesn't help me since archiving to XML won't pass nicely though the ostream. Is there a better way to do this? -S!

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• Ctrl-Alt-F1 never gives prompt

  - by nispio

  When I press Ctrl+Alt+F1 in my Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4 (Santiago) I get a black screen with a blinking cursor, but I never get a login prompt. I can get back to my desktop with Ctrl+Alt+F7, and things work as normal. However, when I run sudo init 3 I get the same thing, but this time I am stuck at the screen and can't get back without a reboot. I'm not even sure where to start looking for the cause of this problem. Are the startup scripts that might be causing the problem or other system configurations that could lead to this? If this is not an known issue, what steps should I take to debug?

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• Doing "text mode 'splash' game" during boot.

  - by Vi

  Sometimes I want to do something (for example, playing a simple text-mode game) while the system is booting up. This is especially useful when lengthy reiserfs transaction replays are happening. Current hacky way of doing it is: Put the program on initramfs. Before running /sbin/init, "openvt 2 /my/program". Turn off messages from kernel (sysrq 0) Override /dev/console with /dev/null (to prevent boot messages). The problems are: There are STILL some messages interfering with program output. I can't see boot messages by switching to that virtual terminal back. After finishing the boot sequence, /dev/tty2 ends up being attached both to getty and my program. How to do it properly without of running graphical splashes? The system is Linux Debian Squeeze, no dependency based sysv scripts.

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• Resources for Win32 C/C++ programming

  - by EricM

  I have experience in a variety of languages (Java, Perl, C#, PHP, javascript, ansi-C for microprocessors, Objective-C and others), with Win32 programming not being an area I've done a lot of work in. Now part of my job entails maintaining a large Win32 codebase that stretches back 15 years and includes everything from C written originally for Win95 to MFC to COM to 64-bit code for Win7 to C++ using Boost and so on. If there's a variation on how to do something it's in there. Are there any good Win32 C/C++ references that discuss both the proper way to do things today and give you a little sense of how things evolved? Something like this discussion of all the various boolean types, or how to approach the API monstrosity of simply copying a string. I don't see my career heading too far down this path, but I do like to understand what I'm working with and I think this is an important part of programming history. thanks, Eric

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• How best to automatically deal with multiple site_ruby locations?

  - by cclark

  Is there a way to automatically append to $: variable in ruby to account for additional site_ruby locations? Ruby is installed in /usr/local/ and using gem_install will properly install the new ruby files in to /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby. However there are some RPMs for ruby bindings to tools like shadow which we'd like to install and they install to /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby (no local). Is there a standard way to tell ruby that this directory should also be included by default? I know scripts could dynamically update $: or they could be called with -I but it seems like this is something that should be handled in the install. Has anyone else found a clean way around this kind of problem? thanks, chuck

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• How does the performance of pure Nginx compare to cpNginx?

  - by jb510

  There is now a Cpanel plugin to fairly easily setup Nginx as a reverse proxy on a Cpanel/Apache server. I've been simultaneously interested in setting up my first unmanaged VPS and my first Nginx server and as a masochist figured why not combine the two. I'm wondering however if it's worth setting up a pure Nginx server vs trying out cpNginx on Apache? My goal is solely to host WordPress sites and while what I've read raves about Nginx's is exceptional ability serving static at least as a reverse proxy, I am unclear if there is substantial benefit to running a pure nginx with eAccelorator over cpNginx on Apache for dynamic sites? Regardless I'll be running W3TC on all sites to cache content, but am still interested if there are big CPU reductions running PHP scripts under pure Nginx over cpNginx?

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