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• what is difference in section and subreport, where to use multiple sections?

  - by haansi

  I am new Crystal reports, will highly appriciae if you please can share your knoweldge about these CR concepts. I want to know what is difference in section and sub report. I know about default sections and we can add new sections into report. What is purpose of a subreport ? why to use a subreport instead of a section ? Where to use multiple detail sections in report ? Are sections used to carry a "Can grow" filed that will be brining data dynamically ? thanks for guiding and sharing your experience.

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• Is There a Real Advantage to Generic Repository?

  - by Sam

  Was reading through some articles on the advantages of creating Generic Repositories for a new app (example). The idea seems nice because it lets me use the same repository to do several things for several different entity types at once: IRepository repo = new EfRepository(); // Would normally pass through IOC into constructor var c1 = new Country() { Name = "United States", CountryCode = "US" }; var c2 = new Country() { Name = "Canada", CountryCode = "CA" }; var c3 = new Country() { Name = "Mexico", CountryCode = "MX" }; var p1 = new Province() { Country = c1, Name = "Alabama", Abbreviation = "AL" }; var p2 = new Province() { Country = c1, Name = "Alaska", Abbreviation = "AK" }; var p3 = new Province() { Country = c2, Name = "Alberta", Abbreviation = "AB" }; repo.Add<Country>(c1); repo.Add<Country>(c2); repo.Add<Country>(c3); repo.Add<Province>(p1); repo.Add<Province>(p2); repo.Add<Province>(p3); repo.Save(); However, the rest of the implementation of the Repository has a heavy reliance on Linq: IQueryable<T> Query(); IList<T> Find(Expression<Func<T,bool>> predicate); T Get(Expression<Func<T,bool>> predicate); T First(Expression<Func<T,bool>> predicate); //... and so on This repository pattern worked fantastic for Entity Framework, and pretty much offered a 1 to 1 mapping of the methods available on DbContext/DbSet. But given the slow uptake of Linq on other data access technologies outside of Entity Framework, what advantage does this provide over working directly with the DbContext? I attempted to write a PetaPoco version of the Repository, but PetaPoco doesn't support Linq Expressions, which makes creating a generic IRepository interface pretty much useless unless you only use it for the basic GetAll, GetById, Add, Update, Delete, and Save methods and utilize it as a base class. Then you have to create specific repositories with specialized methods to handle all the "where" clauses that I could previously pass in as a predicate. Is the Generic Repository pattern useful for anything outside of Entity Framework? If not, why would someone use it at all instead of working directly with Entity Framework? Edit: Original link doesn't reflect the pattern I was using in my sample code. Here is an (updated link).

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• Dependency Injection: Only for single-instance objects?

  - by HappyDeveloper

  What if I want to also decouple my application, from classes like Product or User? (which usually have more than one instance) Take a look at this example: class Controller { public function someAction() { $product_1 = new Product(); $product_2 = new Product(); // do something with the products } } Is it right to say that Controller now depends on Product? I was thinking that we could decouple them too (as we would with single-instance objects like Database) In this example, however ugly, they are decoupled: class Controller { public function someAction(ProductInterface $new_product) { $product_1 = clone $new_product; $product_2 = clone $new_product; // do something with the products } } Has anyone done something like this before? Is it excessive?

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• Producer-consumer pattern with consumer restrictions

  - by Dan

  I have a processing problem that I am thinking is a classic producer-consumer problem with the two added wrinkles that there may be a variable number of producers and there is the restriction that no more than one item per producer may be consumed at any one time. I will generally have 50-100 producers and as many consumers as CPU cores on the server. I want to maximize the throughput of the consumers while ensuring that there are never more than one work item in process from any single producer. This is more complicated than the classic producer-consumer problem which I think assumes a single producer and no restriction on which work items may be in progress at any one time. I think the problem of multiple producers is relatively easily solved by enqueuing all work items on a single work queue protected by a critical section. I think the restriction on simultaneously processing work items from any single producer is harder because I cannot think of any solution that does not require each consumer to notify some kind of work dispatcher that a particular work item has been completed so as to lift the restriction on work items from that producer. In other words, if Consumer2 has just completed WorkItem42 from Producer53, there needs to be some kind of callback or notification from Consumer2 to a work dispatcher to allow the work dispatcher to release the next work item from Producer53 to the next available consumer (whether Consumer2 or otherwise). Am I overlooking something simple here? Is there a known pattern for this problem? I would appreciate any pointers.

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• Programmatically syncing with remote servers

  - by Joseph

  My application generates text files that need to be synced with remote servers, which may be windows or linux. Sync has to happen without user's intervention. I tried with rsync but windows doesn't come with rsync by default. Also it is not possible to supply password in the command line for rsync. Currently I'm going with ftp. But that seems like an inefficient way. Is there a way to rsync without user intervention? What are the ways to sync with a remote server programmatically? App is on nodejs.

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• How should I evaluate new browser languages?

  - by Andrea

  In these days there are many projects whose aim is to bring new languages to the browser by compiling them to JavaScript. Among the others one can mention ClojureScript, CoffeScript, Dart, haXe, Emscripten, Amber Smalltalk. I'd like to try a few of these out, but I am not sure what I should be looking for when evaluating these languages to see if they are suitable for production. How should I evaluate a new browser language, and what are the pitfalls I should be looking for?

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• I studied electrical engineering. Can I work as a developer? [closed]

  - by FailedDev

  A while ago I finished my Msc in Electrical Engineering and started working as an engineering consultant where I mostly do development work. I am good at picking up languages/technologies tools. I have fiddled with C/C++/C#/perl/ant/bash/html/css etc. Although I have never had a complain for my work, rather the contrary, I just feel that some day, someone will ask me a real hard task which would maybe seem rather trivial for a computer scientist but hard for me. Should I read/do something to become a better developer. Should I pick up a book about design patterns or algorithms for example? Is this normal that I have this kind of "fear"? Sorry if this is the wrong place to post this question. Please notify me so I can close it if this is the case.

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• Check parameters annotated with @Nonnull for null?

  - by David Harkness

  We've begun using FindBugs with and annotating our parameters with @Nonnull appropriately, and it works great to point out bugs early in the cycle. So far we have continued checking these arguments for null using Guava's checkNotNull, but I would prefer to check for null only at the edges--places where the value can come in without having been checked for null, e.g., a SOAP request. // service layer accessible from outside public Person createPerson(@CheckForNull String name) { return new Person(Preconditions.checkNotNull(name)); } ... // internal constructor accessed only by the service layer public Person(@Nonnull String name) { this.name = Preconditions.checkNotNull(name); // remove this check? } I understand that @Nonnull does not block null values itself. However, given that FindBugs will point out anywhere a value is transferred from an unmarked field to one marked @Nonnull, can't we depend on it to catch these cases (which it does) without having to check these values for null everywhere they get passed around in the system? Am I naive to want to trust the tool and avoid these verbose checks? Bottom line: While it seems safe to remove the second null check below, is it bad practice? This question is perhaps too similar to Should one check for null if he does not expect null, but I'm asking specifically in relation to the @Nonnull annotation.

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• Architecture for a template-building, WYSIWIG application

  - by Sam Selikoff

  I'm building a WYSIWYG designer in Ember.js. The designer will allow users to create campaigns - think MailChimp. To build a campaign, users will choose an existing template. The template will have a defined layout. The user will then be taken to the designer, where he will be able to edit the text and style, and additionally change some layout options. I've been thinking about how best to go about structuring this app, and there are a few hurdles. Specifically, the output of the campaign will be dynamic: eventually, it will be published somewhere, and when the consumers (not my users, but the people clicking on the campaign that my user created) visit the campaign, certain pieces of data will change, depending on the type of consumer viewing the campaign. That means the ultimate output of the designer will be a dynamic site. The data that is dynamic for this site - the end product - will not be manipulated by the user in the designer. However, the data that will be manipulated by the user in the designer are things like copy, styles, layout options, etc. I'll call the first set of variables server-side data, and the second client-side data. It seems, then, that the process will go something like this: I'll need to create templates for this designer that have two dynamic segments. For instance, the server-side data could be Liquid expressions, and the client-side data Handlebars expressions. When the user creates a campaign, I would compile the template on the back end using some dummy data for the server-side variables, and serve up a handlebars template to the Ember app. The user would then edit the template, and the Ember app would save all his edits to the JS variables that were powering the template. This way he'd be able to preview the template. When he saves, he'll send back the selected template, along with all the data and options he's made. When it comes time to publish, the back-end system will have to do two things: compile the template with Handlebars using the campaign data, and then compile the template with Liquid using the server-side data Is my thinking roughly accurate about this, or is there a simpler way?

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• Is MVC now the only way to write PHP?

  - by JasonS

  Hey... its XMAS Eve and something is bugging me... yes, I have work on my mind even when I am on holiday. The vast amount of frameworks available for PHP now use MVC. Even ASP.net has its own MVC module. I can see the attraction of MVC, I really can and I use it frequently. The only downside that I can see is that you have to fire up the whole system to execute a page request. Depending on your task this can be a little wasteful. So the question. In a professional environment is this the only way to use PHP nowadays or are their other design methods which have alternative benefits?

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• I want to master ASP.NET - What concepts should I focus on/What concepts do you most value?

  - by Josh

  I start a job this summer doing work in ASP.NET 4 (C#). I plan on working with some legacy code as well as MVC. I want to get a running start. I have good understanding of HTML/CSS/Javascript, and pretty good understanding of C# itself, Design principles, Design Patterns, and understand masterpages, basic MVC2, and code behinds for web forms. In your opinion what aspects of ASP.NET are the most important to master for web applications? What do you value most in your usage of ASP.NET? Do you have a recommendation for understanding the internals of ASP.NET itself?

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• What is considered third party code?

  - by Songo

  Inspired by this question Using third-party libraries - always use a wrapper? I wanted to know what people actually consider as third-party libraries. Example from PHP: If I'm building an application using Zend framework, should I treat Zend framework libraries as third party code? Example from C#: If I'm building a desktop application, should I treat all .Net classes as third party code? Example from Java: Should I treat all libraries in the JDK as third party libraries? Some people say that if a library is stable and won't change often then one doesn't need to wrap it. However I fail to see how one would test a class that depends on a third party code without wrapping it.

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• How can I ensure our project gets developed successfully, without having any project management experience? [migrated]

  - by Raven13

  I'm a web developer who is part of a three-man team that has been tasked with a rather large and complex development project. Other than some direction and impetus from management, we're pretty much on our own to develop the new website. None of us have any project management experience nor do my two coworkers seem like they would be interested in taking on that role, so I feel like it's up to me to implement some kind of structure to the development process in order to avoid issues down the road. What can I do as a developer without project management experience to ensure that our project gets developed successfully and avoid the pitfalls of developing a project without a plan?

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• Are flag variables an absolute evil?

  - by dukeofgaming

  I remember doing a couple of projects where I totally neglected using flags and ended up with better architecture/code; however, it is a common practice in other projects I work at, and when code grows and flags are added, IMHO code-spaghetti also grows. Would you say there are any cases where using flags is a good practice or even necessary?, or would you agree that using flags in code are... red flags and should be avoided/refactored; me, I just get by with doing functions/methods that check for states in real time instead. Edit: Not talking about compiler flags

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• Advancing my Embedded knowledge.....with a CS degree.

  - by Mercfh

  So I graduated last December with a B.S. in Computer Science, in a pretty good well known engineering college. However towards the end I realized that I actually like Assembly/Lower level C programming more than I actually enjoy higher level abstracted OO stuff. (Like I Programmed my own Device Drivers for USB stuff in Linux, stuff like that) But.....I mean we really didn't concentrate much on that in college, perhaps an EE/CE degree would've been better, but I knew the classes......and things weren't THAT much different. I've messed around with Atmel AVR's/Arduino stuff (Mostly robotics) and Linux Kernals/Device Drivers. but I really want to enhance my skills and maybe one day get a job doing embedded stuff. (I have a job now, it's An entry level software dev/tester job, it's a good job but not exactly what my passion lies in) (Im pretty good with C and certain ASM's for specific microcontrollers) Is this even possible with a CS degree? or am I screwed? (since technically my degree usually doesn't involve much embedded stuff) If Im NOT screwed then what should I be studying/learning? How would I even go about it........ I guess I could eventually say "Experienced with XXXX Microcontrollers/ASM/etc...." but still, it wouldn't be the same as having a CE/EE degree. Also....going back to college isn't an option. just fyi. edit: Any book recommendations for "getting used to this stuff" I have ARM System-on-Chip Architecture (2nd edition) it's good.....for ARM stuff lol

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• How to remove java.sql.BatchUpdateException in Grails? [closed]

  - by aman.nepid

  I have a domain like this: class BusinessOrganization { static hasMany = [organizationBusinessTypes:OrganizationBusinessType] String name String icon static constraints = { name(blank:false,unique:true) icon(unique:true) } String toString() { return "${name}" } } When I save some data for first time it works fine. But when by the next time it shows this error : Error 500: Internal Server Error URI /nLocatePortal/businessOrganization/save Class java.sql.BatchUpdateException Message Batch entry 0 insert into business_organization (version, icon, name, id) values ('0', '', 'dddd', '2') was aborted. Call getNextException to see the cause. **Around line 24 of grails-app/controllers/com/nlocate/portal/BusinessOrganizationController.groovy** 21: 22: def save() { 23: def businessOrganizationInstance = new BusinessOrganization(params) 24: if (!businessOrganizationInstance.save(flush: true)) { 25: render(view: "create", model: [businessOrganizationInstance: businessOrganizationInstance]) 26: return 27: } Please someone help me why this is happening. I am new to Grails. I have not modified the controllers but still I get this error.

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• What is the most effective order to learn SQL Server, LINQ, and Entity Framework?

  - by user1525474

  I am trying to get some advice on what order I should learn about SQL Server, LINQ, and Entity Framework to be able to better work with ASP.NET Webforms and MVC. From what I've been able to learn so far, many recommend learning LINQ or Entity Framework before learning SQL Server. It also appears that many companies are looking for people with knowledge in LINQ-to-SQL and Entity Framework without mentioning SQL Server. However, my understanding is that LINQ-to-SQL and Entity Framework translate code into SQL Server queries, making this a poor approach. Is there a correct or best order in which to learn these technologies?

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• Library Organization in .NET

  - by Greg Ros

  I've written a .NET bitwise operations library as part of my projects (stuff ranging from get MSB set to some more complicated bitwise transformations) and I mean to release it as free software. I'm a bit confused about a design aspect of the library, though. Many of the methods/transformations in the library come with different endianness. A simple example is a getBitAt method that regards index 0 as the least significant bit, or the most significant bit, depending on the version used. In practice, I've found that using separate functions for different endianness results in much more comprehensible and reusable code than assuming all operations are little-endian or something. I'm really stumped regarding how best to package the library. Should I have methods that have LE and BE versions take an enum parameter in their signature, e.g. Endianness.Little, Endianness.Big? Should I have different static classes with identically named methods? such as MSB.GetBit and LSB.GetBit On a much wider note, is there a standard I could use in cases like this? Some guide? Is my design issue trivial? I have a perfectionist bent, and I sometimes get stuck on tricky design issues like this... Note: I've sort of realized I'm using endianness somewhat colloquially to refer to the order/place value of digital component parts (be they bits, bytes, or words) in a larger whole, in any setting. I'm not talking about machine-level endianness or serial transmission endianness. Just about place-value semantics in general. So there isn't a context of targeting different machines/transmission techniques or something.

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• How does trilicense (mpl,gpl,lgpl) work when you want to use it on public website

  - by tomok

  I have tried to search for this answer for quite some time and I have gone through all the various FAQ's and documentation regarding the three licenses; but none of them have been able to answer a question that I have. So I've been working an idea for a website for sometime now and recently I found open source software that has many of components that are similar. It is licensed under the mpl/gpl/lgpl licenses. I think for the most part I understand the ramifications, due to the searches and reading, of what is required if I modify/use and want to distribute the software. But what if I want to modify and not distribute, but use it on a public website that I generate ad revenue from? Is this illegal? It doesn't seem like it is from reading other open source system, say like Drupal, where they allow you to use the software but it's not considered "distribution" if people just go to the website. I know this site may not be the best resource and I've tried some other sites, but I haven't received any clear replies back. If you know some other resource that I could contact also, please let me know. Links for those who don't know: MPL - Wikipedia, Legalese GPL - Wikipedia, Legalese LGPL - Wikipedia, Legalese

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• Sharing Authentication Across Subdomains using cookies

  - by Jordan Reiter

  I know that in general cookies themselves are not considered robust enough to store authentication information. What I am wondering is if there is an existing design pattern or framework for sharing authentication across subdomains without having to use something more complex like OpenID. Ideally, the process would be that the user visits abc.example.org, logs in, and continues on to xyz.example.org where they are automatically recognized (ideally, the reverse should also be possible -- a login via xyz means automatic login at abc). The snag is that abc.example.org and xyz.example.org are both on different servers and different web application frameworks, although they can both use a shared database. The web application platforms include PHP, ColdFusion, and Python (Django), although I'm also interested in this from a more general perspective (i.e. language agnostic).

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• How to create an auto-grader in and for Python

  - by recluze

  I'm trying to create an auto-grader for one of my beginning programming courses for python. From my online search, I've come to know that it is effectively a unit test framework that tests the student's code rather than production code but I'm not really sure how to structure the flow of the program. Can anyone please provide a strategy for submission of code by students and automating the whole process of marking? For instance, how would the student code be submitted and then stored/structured on disk, how would the grades be stored/reported? I'm only looking for a broad strategy and will try on my own to fill in the blanks. (I asked this on stockoverflow.com initially but it's considered as off-topic and I was suggested to ask here.)

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• What's the proper way to merge two projects in source control software

  - by Mallow

  I'm using Fossil-SCM to maintain my projects. Since I don't work in a team I usually have just a very linear branch of development: 1.0 - 1.1 - 1.2 I'm wondering what the procedure is when you have one project who's task is about to be given to a related project. And thereby rendering the first project obsolete. Although I tend to rewrite most of my code if I don't remember having already written it, I still would like to keep the code archived. And I'ld rather not have a fossil repo that just is dead. Can I merge it? Is that the proper way of handling this? For example the code was extracting data from an excel file in order to format an HTML page. Now, I've convinced my employer to move their excel spreadsheet into a database to decrease redundancy, increase efficiency and yaddy yadda. Since I can now make logical queries that don't have to jump hoops to preform using the database I won't need the extra vbs files that originally manipulated the excel file. Technically I would be porting part of the existing code into the current new project. Since it already has it's own trunk, would it be advisable to combine the trunk of a different project to this one, and how would I do that exactly?? SO I guess my tree would look like this, and I haven't seen examples of software branching that resemble this inverted tree before so I'm wondering what the norm for a situation like this?

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• Using an open source non-free license

  - by wagglepoons

  Are there any projects/products out there that use an open source license that basically says "free for small companies" and "cost money for larger companies" in addition to "make modifications available"? (And are there any standard licenses with such a wording?) If I were to release a project under such a license, would it be automatically shunned by every developer on the face of the earth, or, assuming it is actually a useful project, does it have a fair chance at getting contributions from Joe Programmer? The second part of this question can easily become subjective, but any well argued point of view will be highly appreciated. For example, do dual licensed projects made by commercial entities have success with the open source communities?

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• How should I design a wizard for generating requirements and documentation

  - by user1777663

  I'm currently working in an industry where extensive documentation is required, but the apps I'm writing are all pretty much cookie cutter at a high level. What I'd like to do is build an app that asks a series of questions regarding business rules and marketing requirements to generate a requirements spec. For example, there might be a question set that asks "Does the user need to enter their age?" and a follow-up question of "What is the minimum age requirement?" If the inputs are "yes" and "18", then this app will generate requirements that look something like this: "The registration form shall include an age selector" "The registration form shall throw an error if the selected age is less than 18" Later on down the line, I'd like to extend this to do additional things like generate test cases and even code, but the idea is the same: generate some output based on rules determined by answering a set of questions. Are there any patterns I could research to better design the architecture of such an application? Is this something that I should be modeling as a finite state machine?

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• How to handle editing a large file for a non-technical user

  - by Luke

  I have a client who is given a tab delimited .txt file containing hundreds of thousands of rows. I have a user story as follows: As a user I want to take the text file and add a new value at the end of each line which contains the concatenated value of two of the columns. for example if the file read text_one text_two I need to output the following (preferably to a .txt file) text_one text_two text_onetext_two My first approach was to ask the vendor supplying the file to do the concatenation before providing the file, the easiest way to solve a problem is to eliminate it right? however they are very uncooperative and have point blank refused. I've looked at building a simple javascript application that does this client side so a non-technical user could select the file using a file selector. This approach has a few problems The file could be over a GB in size and so can't be loaded straight into memory, I've tried and the browser crashes There is no means to write a file in javascript so I'd need to output the content to the screen and have the user save it (somehow) I was thinking if I could get around the filesize limitations I could just output the edited content to the page and have the user save the page as a .txt file, however I think there is a better way than using javascript that will still accommodate the users lack of technical know-how. Please consider this question to be stack agnostic, but bear in mind that a nice little shell script or python script would be deemed unsuitable for a non technical user unless there is a way of "packaging" it nicely for a non-technical user. Updates The file is too large to open in excel. The process needs to be run weekly, but it doesn't require scheduling or automation...(yet)

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