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  • meaning of import statement in java file

    - by Rozer
    Can any one clear me exactly what happend when we do import statement in java files. does it inscrease the size of file if we add more and more java classes. why we dont use classloader for the same and what are the restrictin for importing.

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  • (Python/Pyramid) Better ways to have standard list/form editors?

    - by badcat
    I'm working on a number of Pyramid (former Pylons) projects, and often I have the need to display a list of some content (let's say user accounts, log entries or simply some other data). A user should be able to paginate through the list, click on a row and get a form where he/she can edit the contents of that row. Right now I'm always re-inventing the wheel by having Mako templates which use webhelpers for the pagination, Jquery UI for providing a dialog and I craft the editor form and AJAX requests on the client and server side by hand. As you may know, this eats up painfully much time. So what I'm wondering is: Is there a better way of providing lists, editor dialog and server/client communication about this, without having to re-invent the wheel every time? I heard Django takes off a big load of that by providing user accounts and other stuff out of the box; but in my case it's not just about user accounts, it can be any kind of data that is stored on the server-side in a SQL database, which should be able to be edited by a user. Thanks in advance!

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  • Import excel file into sql express 2008

    - by ck
    Hi, I've got some excel files, that were exported from tables in Access, and I want to import them into sql express 2005. I need a script that will convert nvarchar(255) columns to varchar(255) and preserve links, when importing the data into sql express. Thanks

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  • Is a python dictionary the best data structure to solve this problem?

    - by mikip
    Hi I have a number of processes running which are controlled by remote clients. A tcp server controls access to these processes, only one client per process. The processes are given an id number in the range of 0 - n-1. Were 'n' is the number of processes. I use a dictionary to map this id to the client sockets file descriptor. On startup I populate the dictionary with the ids as keys and socket fd of 'None' for the values, i.e no clients and all pocesses are available When a client connects, I map the id to the sockets fd. When a client disconnects I set the value for this id to None, i.e. process is available. So everytime a client connects I have to check each entry in the dictionary for a process which has a socket fd entry of None. If there are then the client is allowed to connect. This solution does not seem very elegant, are there other data structures which would be more suitable for solving this? Thanks

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  • lambda vs. operator.attrGetter('xxx') as sort key in Python

    - by Paul McGuire
    I am looking at some code that has a lot of sort calls using comparison functions, and it seems like it should be using key functions. If you were to change seq.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x.xxx, y.xxx)), which is preferable: seq.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('xxx')) or: seq.sort(key=lambda a:a.xxx) I would also be interested in comments on the merits of making changes to existing code that works.

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  • Can't import clojure records

    - by Zubair
    I have created a record like this: (defrecord User [user-id email]) :but when I try to access it from another name-space I get the error: (User. "name" "email") java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to resolve classname: User It works when I do: (oe.model.modelcore.User. "name" "email") : I know I will need to import the Java class, but is there any way for clojure to do this automatically when I do: (use 'oe.model.modelcore :reload)

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  • Are python list comprehensions always a good programming practice?

    - by dln385
    To make the question clear, I'll use a specific example. I have a list of college courses, and each course has a few fields (all of which are strings). The user gives me a string of search terms, and I return a list of courses that match all of the search terms. This can be done in a single list comprehension or a few nested for loops. Here's the implementation. First, the Course class: class Course: def __init__(self, date, title, instructor, ID, description, instructorDescription, *args): self.date = date self.title = title self.instructor = instructor self.ID = ID self.description = description self.instructorDescription = instructorDescription self.misc = args Every field is a string, except misc, which is a list of strings. Here's the search as a single list comprehension. courses is the list of courses, and query is the string of search terms, for example "history project". def searchCourses(courses, query): terms = query.lower().strip().split() return tuple(course for course in courses if all( term in course.date.lower() or term in course.title.lower() or term in course.instructor.lower() or term in course.ID.lower() or term in course.description.lower() or term in course.instructorDescription.lower() or any(term in item.lower() for item in course.misc) for term in terms)) You'll notice that a complex list comprehension is difficult to read. I implemented the same logic as nested for loops, and created this alternative: def searchCourses2(courses, query): terms = query.lower().strip().split() results = [] for course in courses: for term in terms: if (term in course.date.lower() or term in course.title.lower() or term in course.instructor.lower() or term in course.ID.lower() or term in course.description.lower() or term in course.instructorDescription.lower()): break for item in course.misc: if term in item.lower(): break else: continue break else: continue results.append(course) return tuple(results) That logic can be hard to follow too. I have verified that both methods return the correct results. Both methods are nearly equivalent in speed, except in some cases. I ran some tests with timeit, and found that the former is three times faster when the user searches for multiple uncommon terms, while the latter is three times faster when the user searches for multiple common terms. Still, this is not a big enough difference to make me worry. So my question is this: which is better? Are list comprehensions always the way to go, or should complicated statements be handled with nested for loops? Or is there a better solution altogether?

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  • Can I avoid a threaded UDP socket in Pyton dropping data?

    - by 666craig
    First off, I'm new to Python and learning on the job, so be gentle! I'm trying to write a threaded Python app for Windows that reads data from a UDP socket (thread-1), writes it to file (thread-2), and displays the live data (thread-3) to a widget (gtk.Image using a gtk.gdk.pixbuf). I'm using queues for communicating data between threads. My problem is that if I start only threads 1 and 3 (so skip the file writing for now), it seems that I lose some data after the first few samples. After this drop it looks fine. Even by letting thread 1 complete before running thread 3, this apparent drop is still there. Apologies for the length of code snippet (I've removed the thread that writes to file), but I felt removing code would just prompt questions. Hope someone can shed some light :-) import socket import threading import Queue import numpy import gtk gtk.gdk.threads_init() import gtk.glade import pygtk class readFromUDPSocket(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, socketUDP, readDataQueue, packetSize, numScans): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.socketUDP = socketUDP self.readDataQueue = readDataQueue self.packetSize = packetSize self.numScans = numScans def run(self): for scan in range(1, self.numScans + 1): buffer = self.socketUDP.recv(self.packetSize) self.readDataQueue.put(buffer) self.socketUDP.close() print 'myServer finished!' class displayWithGTK(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, displayDataQueue, image, viewArea): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.displayDataQueue = displayDataQueue self.image = image self.viewWidth = viewArea[0] self.viewHeight = viewArea[1] self.displayData = numpy.zeros((self.viewHeight, self.viewWidth, 3), dtype=numpy.uint16) def run(self): scan = 0 try: while True: if not scan % self.viewWidth: scan = 0 buffer = self.displayDataQueue.get(timeout=0.1) self.displayData[:, scan, 0] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) self.displayData[:, scan, 1] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) self.displayData[:, scan, 2] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) gtk.gdk.threads_enter() self.myPixbuf = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_data(self.displayData.tostring(), gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, self.viewWidth, self.viewHeight, self.viewWidth * 3) self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.myPixbuf) self.image.show() gtk.gdk.threads_leave() scan += 1 except Queue.Empty: print 'myDisplay finished!' pass def quitGUI(obj): print 'Currently active threads: %s' % threading.enumerate() gtk.main_quit() if __name__ == '__main__': # Create socket (IPv4 protocol, datagram (UDP)) and bind to address socketUDP = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) host = '192.168.1.5' port = 1024 socketUDP.bind((host, port)) # Data parameters samplesPerScan = 256 packetsPerSecond = 1200 packetSize = 512 duration = 1 # For now, set a fixed duration to log data numScans = int(packetsPerSecond * duration) # Create array to store data data = numpy.zeros((samplesPerScan, numScans), dtype=numpy.uint16) # Create queue for displaying from readDataQueue = Queue.Queue(numScans) # Build GUI from Glade XML file builder = gtk.Builder() builder.add_from_file('GroundVue.glade') window = builder.get_object('mainwindow') window.connect('destroy', quitGUI) view = builder.get_object('viewport') image = gtk.Image() view.add(image) viewArea = (1200, samplesPerScan) # Instantiate & start threads myServer = readFromUDPSocket(socketUDP, readDataQueue, packetSize, numScans) myDisplay = displayWithGTK(readDataQueue, image, viewArea) myServer.start() myDisplay.start() gtk.gdk.threads_enter() gtk.main() gtk.gdk.threads_leave() print 'gtk.main finished!'

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  • Python - Find where in string regex match was found?

    - by nb
    I'm currently using regular expressions to search through RSS feeds to find if certain words and phrases are mentioned, and would then like to extract the text on either side of the match as well. For example: String = "This is an example sentence, it is for demonstration only" re.search("is", String) I'd like to know where the is was found so that I can extract and output something like this: 1 match found: "This is an example sentence" I know that it would be easy to do with splits, but I'd need to know what the index of first character of the match was in the string, which I don't know how to find

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  • Python raises a KeyError (for an out of dictionary key) even though the key IS in the dictionary

    - by ignorantslut
    I'm getting a KeyError for an out of dictionary key, even though I know the key IS in fact in the dictionary. Any ideas as to what might be causing this? print G.keys() returns the following: ['24', '25', '20', '21', '22', '23', '1', '3', '2', '5', '4', '7', '6', '9', '8', '11', '10', '13', '12', '15', '14', '17', '16', '19', '18'] but when I try to access a value in the dictionary on the next line of code... for w in G[v]: #note that in this example, v = 17 I get the following error message: KeyError: 17 Any help, tips, or advice are all appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Python - Is a dictionary slow to find frequency of each character?

    - by psihodelia
    I am trying to find a frequency of each symbol in any given text using an algorithm of O(n) complexity. My algorithm looks like: s = len(text) P = 1.0/s freqs = {} for char in text: try: freqs[char]+=P except: freqs[char]=P but I doubt that this dictionary-method is fast enough, because it depends on the underlying implementation of the dictionary methods. Is this the fastest method?

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  • Python - 2 Questions: Editing a variable in a function and changing the order of if else statements

    - by Eric
    First of all, I should explain what I'm trying to do first. I'm creating a dungeon crawler-like game, and I'm trying to program the movement of computer characters/monsters in the map. The map is basically a Cartesian coordinate grid. The locations of characters are represented by tuples of the x and y values, (x,y). The game works by turns, and in a turn a character can only move up, down, left or right 1 space. I'm creating a very simple movement system where the character will simply make decisions to move on a turn by turn basis. Essentially a 'forgetful' movement system. A basic flow chart of what I'm intending to do: Find direction towards destination Make a priority list of movements to be done using the direction eg.('r','u','d','l') means it would try to move right first, then up, then down, then left. Try each of the possibilities following the priority order. If the first movement fails (blocked by obstacle etc.), then it would successively try the movements until the first one that is successful, then it would stop. At step 3, the way I'm trying to do it is like this: def move(direction,location): try: -snip- # Tries to move, raises the exception Movementerror if cannot move in the direction return 1 # Indicates movement successful except Movementerror: return 0 # Indicates movement unsuccessful (thus character has not moved yet) prioritylist = ('r','u','d','l') if move('r',location): pass elif move('u',location): pass elif move('d',location): pass elif move('l',location): pass else: pass In the if/else block, the program would try the first movement on the priority on the priority list. At the move function, the character would try to move. If the character is not blocked and does move, it returns 1, leading to the pass where it would stop. If the character is blocked, it returns 0, then it tries the next movement. However, this results in 2 problems: How do I edit a variable passed into a function inside the function itself, while returning if the edit is successful? I have been told that you can't edit a variable inside a function as it won't really change the value of the variable, it just makes the variable inside the function refer to something else while the original variable remain unchanged. So, the solution is to return the value and then assign the variable to the returned value. However, I want it to return another value indicating if this edit is successful, so I want to edit this variable inside the function itself. How do I do so? How do I change the order of the if/else statements to follow the order of the priority list? It needs to be able to change during runtime as the priority list can change resulting in a different order of movement to try.

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