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  • How did this get 8?

    - by David
    Here's the code: class qual { public static int fibonacci(int n) { if (n == 0 || n == 1) { return 1; } else { return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2); } } public static void main(String[] arg) { System.out.println(fibonacci(5)); } } The output was 8. The output should be 8 but when I look at this I think it should be 7 ((5-1) +(5-2)). Why was the output 8? I think the reasoning behind getting 8 will make recursion maybe stop being confusing for me.

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  • synchronized in java - Proper use

    - by ZoharYosef
    I'm building a simple program to use in multi processes (Threads). My question is more to understand - when I have to use a reserved word synchronized? Do I need to use this word in any method that affects the bone variables? I know I can put it on any method that is not static, but I want to understand more. thank you! here is the code: public class Container { // *** data members *** public static final int INIT_SIZE=10; // the first (init) size of the set. public static final int RESCALE=10; // the re-scale factor of this set. private int _sp=0; public Object[] _data; /************ Constructors ************/ public Container(){ _sp=0; _data = new Object[INIT_SIZE]; } public Container(Container other) { // copy constructor this(); for(int i=0;i<other.size();i++) this.add(other.at(i)); } /** return true is this collection is empty, else return false. */ public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {return _sp==0;} /** add an Object to this set */ public synchronized void add (Object p){ if (_sp==_data.length) rescale(RESCALE); _data[_sp] = p; // shellow copy semantic. _sp++; } /** returns the actual amount of Objects contained in this collection */ public synchronized int size() {return _sp;} /** returns true if this container contains an element which is equals to ob */ public synchronized boolean isMember(Object ob) { return get(ob)!=-1; } /** return the index of the first object which equals ob, if none returns -1 */ public synchronized int get(Object ob) { int ans=-1; for(int i=0;i<size();i=i+1) if(at(i).equals(ob)) return i; return ans; } /** returns the element located at the ind place in this container (null if out of range) */ public synchronized Object at(int p){ if (p>=0 && p<size()) return _data[p]; else return null; }

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  • Avoid incompatible pointer warning when dealing with double-indirection

    - by fnawothnig
    Assuming this program: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> static void ring_pool_alloc(void **p, size_t n) { static unsigned char pool[256], i = 0; *p = &pool[i]; i += n; } int main(void) { char *str; ring_pool_alloc(&str, 7); strcpy(str, "foobar"); printf("%s\n", str); return 0; } ... is it possible to somehow avoid the GCC warning test.c:12: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘ring_pool_alloc’ from incompatible pointer type test.c:4: note: expected ‘void **’ but argument is of type ‘char **’ ... without casting to (void**) (or simply disabling the compatibility checks)? Because I would very much like to keep compatibility warnings regarding indirection-level...

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  • Making video from 3D gaphics in OpenGL

    - by MVTC
    What are some of the preferred methods or libraries for creating video from an OpenGL graphics simulation? For example, I want to create a visualization(video) of an N-Body gravity simulation by rendering non-real-time OpenGL frames. The simulation is already coded, I just don't know how to convert it to video. EDIT: I am also interested in providing the described functionality: The user can adjust parameters including the time step between captured frames and then initiate the simulation. The user waits for the simulation to complete, and then can watch the results. The user is able to increase or decrease the playback speed of the simulation whereas in slow motion, more frames are used i.e., you see higher resolution time steps, and when the speed is increased, you see lower resolution time steps at a higher rate, but the frames per second flashing on the screen is constant.

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  • Is it possible for a Grails Domain to have no 'id'?

    - by firnnauriel
    Is it possible to create a table that has no 'id'? For example, this is my domain: class SnbrActVector { int nid String term double weight static mapping = { version false id generator: 'identity' } static constraints = { } } When I run this SQL statement, it fails: insert into snbr_act_vector values (5, 'term', 0.5) I checked the table and 'id' is already set to autoincrement. I'm thinking that another option is to remove the 'id' itself. Or is there another workaround for this? Please assume that it is not an option to change the givent SQL statement.

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  • GPG Workflow in 11.04

    - by Ross Bearman
    At work we handle the transfer of small bits of sensitive data with GPG, usually posted on a secure internal website. Until Firefox 4 was released, we used FireGPG for inline decryption; however the IPC libraries that it relied upon were no longer present in FF4, making it unusable and it will no longer install in FF5. Currently I'm manually pasting the GPG blocks into a text file, then using the Nautilus context-menu plugin or the command line to decrypt the contents of the file. When we're handling large amount of these small files throughout the day this starts to become a real chore. I've looked around but can't seem to find much information on useful GPG clients in Ubuntu. A client that allowed me to paste in a GPG block and instantly decrypt it, and also paste in plaintext and easily encrypt it for multiple recipients would be ideal. So my question is does this exist? I can't seem to find anything about this with obvious searches on Google, so hopefully someone here can help, or offer an alternative workflow.

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  • Is C++ indispensible for AAA game engines, as long as we have console-platform games? [closed]

    - by user1174924
    C++ has remained the industry standard for game engines much because of its features.. The primary reasons are(afaik): Technical reasons - High performance, native runtime, portibility, negligible latency, and more recently concurrency. Socio-Technical reasons - Availability of Libraries, Legecy stuff, most scripting languages on games have a good C api (ex lua), Good IDEs and most recently improved Development time.(C++11) Social reasons - People know C++, Licenced technologies, and battle proven. Does this make C++ for game engines indispensible, so long we have game consoles? Would not, the above features make me implement new graphics technology in C++ only? Edit: Will learning C++ garuntee me a job as a game engine dev In the future? I want to master every aspect of the language, but I already know C# and python. Should I allocate my time learning C++. I want to be a game engine developer.

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  • How to simulate objects floating on water without a physics engine?

    - by user1075940
    In my game the water movement is done in a shader using Gerstner equations. The water movement looks realistic enough for a school project but I encounter serious problem when I wanted to do sailing on waves (similar to this). I managed to do collision with land by calculating quad's vertices and normals beneath ship, however same method can not be applied to water because XZ are displaced and Y is calculated in a shader :( How to approach this problem ? Is it possible to retrieve transformed grid from shader? Unfortunately no external physics libraries can be used.

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  • "Mail merge"-like functionality in Dreamweaver, or in any other web editing tool?

    - by Chris Farmer
    I have inherited several related, low-traffic web sites to manage and edit. These sites are implemented with static html, and they've accrued lots of stray tags and other cruft. I want to try to clean these up and migrate them to some common page template framework to simplify design and data changes and improve overall consistency. The pages will change on the timescale of weeks, and since the current web hosting plan does not support any dynamic server technologies, I was hoping to just use Dreamweaver or some other tool to merge my content data with some templating structure. I'd like to do content updates every several days and then run the content back through my templates, resulting in new static html that I can upload to the host. Do any tools support this kind of poor-man's data-driven web application? Are there better ways to approach this problem, aside from moving to a new hosting plan and using ASP.NET or PHP?

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  • How would you write this C# code succinctly in Ruby?

    - by Valentin Vasilyev
    Here is the code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; namespace cs2 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var i=Fibs().TakeWhile(x=>x < 1000).Where(x=>x % 2==0).Sum(); } static IEnumerable<long> Fibs() { long a = 0, b = 1; while (true) { yield return b; b += a; a = b - a; } } } } If it is possible, please give an example.

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  • How to play a fixed frequency sound using Python

    - by user98415
    I have tried a number of ways of playing a fixed frequency sound (e.g. 1000Hz) and nothing works. I have downloaded "beep" and that makes no noise. I tried interfacing to pyao, and that had no effect. I tried interfacing to audiere, and get a runtime error indicating the library could not be found, despite installing it from the software centre. Any guidance for installation of appropriate libraries and relevant code would be most appreciated. I cannot generate .mp3/ .wav files for this, but need to generate the tones at run time. Many thanks for you

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  • Grails unit testing domain classes with Set properties - is this safe?

    - by Ali G
    I've created a domain class in Grails like this: class MyObject { static hasMany = [tags: String] // Have to declare this here, as nullable constraint does not seem to be honoured Set tags = new HashSet() static constraints = { tags(nullable: false) } } Writing unit tests to check the size and content of the MyObject.tags property, I found I had to do the following: assertLength(x, myObject.tags as Object[]) assertEquals(new HashSet([...]), myObject.tags) To make the syntax nicer for writing the tests, I implemented the following methods: void assertEquals(List expected, Set actual) { assertEquals(new HashSet(expected), actual) } void assertLength(int expected, Set set) { assertLength(expected, set as Object[]) } I can now call the assertLength() and assertEquals() methods directly on an instance of Set, e.g. assertLength(x, myObject.tags) assertEquals([...], myObject.tags) I'm new to Groovy and Grails, so unaware how dangerous method overloading like this is. Is it safe? If so, I'm slightly* surprised that these methods (or similar) aren't already available - please let me know if they are. * I can see how these methods could also introduce ambiguity if people weren't expecting them. E.g. assertLength(1, set) always passes, no matter what the content of set

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  • Using lock(obj) inside a recursive call

    - by Amby
    As per my understanding a lock is not released until the runtime completes the code block of the lock(obj) ( because when the block completes it calls Monitor.Exit(obj). With this understanding i am not able to understand the reason behind the behaviour of the following code. private static string obj = ""; private static void RecurseSome(int number) { Console.WriteLine(number); lock (obj) { RecurseSome(++number); } } //Call: RecurseSome(0) //Output: 0 1 2 3...... stack overflow exception There must be some concept that i am missing. Please help.

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  • What makes C so popular in the age of OOP?

    - by GradGuy
    I code a lot both in C and C++ but did not expect C to be the second popular language, slightly behind Java! http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html I'm curious as why, in this age of OOP, C is still all that popular? Note that 4 out of top 5 popular languages are all "modern" object-oriented capable languages. Now I agree that you can do OOP in C to some extend, but that's sort of painful and not quite elegant! (well at least compared to C++ I guess) So what makes C this popular? efficiency? being low-level? or the vast majority of libraries that already exist? ... or something else?

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  • Storing API keys in Android, is obfustication enough?

    - by fredley
    I'm using the Dropbox API. In the sample app, it includes these lines: // Replace this with your consumer key and secret assigned by Dropbox. // Note that this is a really insecure way to do this, and you shouldn't // ship code which contains your key & secret in such an obvious way. // Obfuscation is good. final static private String CONSUMER_KEY = "PUT_YOUR_CONSUMER_KEY_HERE"; final static private String CONSUMER_SECRET = "PUT_YOUR_CONSUMER_SECRET_HERE"; I'm well aware of the mantra 'Secrecy is not Security', and obfuscation really only slightly increases the amount of effort required to extract the keys. I disagree with their statement 'Obfustication is good'. What should I do to protect the keys then? Is obfustication good enough, or should I consider something more elaborate?

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  • Question regarding two dimensional array

    - by Sherwood Hu
    I have some problems using two dimensional array in the code and need some help. static const int PATTERNS[20][4]; static void init_PATTERN() { // problem #1 int (&patterns)[20][4] = const_cast<int[20][4]>(PATTERNS); ... } extern void UsePattern(int a, const int** patterns, int patterns_size); // problem #2 UsePattern(10, PATTERNS, sizeof(PATTERNS)/sizeof(PATTERNS[0])); in the first statement, I need to cast the const off the two dimensional array PATTERNS. The reason for this is that the init function is called only once, and in the remaining code, PATTERNS is strictly read-only. In the second statement, I need to pass PATTERNS array to the int** argument. Direct passing resulted a compile error. Thanks!

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  • How to balance programming projects between feasibility and usefulness

    - by tyjkenn
    I've become fairly competent as a programmer, but I would not say I am a master. I work independently, most as a hobby, although I have done some freelance PHP work. I tend to find myself dabbling in a lot of things: Java Android SDK, Arduino, game scripting, Lua, etc. I've reached the point where I want to start a real software project, but cannot think of a small enough project that allows me enough practice, while still being able to publish a decent piece of software in a reasonable amount of time, and build up a portfolio. More specifically, I was looking at Ubuntu development, in Python, using the Quickly toolset, which includes the PyGTK libraries. So the question is, what is the best way to come up with a small project that is still useful, as a starting point to a software development career?

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  • The connection was reset

    - by jabberbuzz
    "The connection to the server was reset while the page was loading." Hi, I am trying to load a php page on apache , but none of the static content gets loaded. Using firebug I captured the static url and tried it separately, when I received "The connection was reset" message. The site works other computers mac, windows, linux but no on mine. I have deleted the cache, disabled firewall, changed my dns service and followed every possible suggestion on the web. I have no clue on why this is happening. Stack-overflow has been my bible and has never let me down before, hope it still doesn't ... Thanks a lot in advance .... please please please , i really have to figure out this error. Regards Dilip

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  • Problem in suspending 2 threads at the same time in MFC!

    - by kiddo
    I am learning about threading and multithreading..so i just created a small application in which i will update the progressbar and a static text using threading.I vl get two inputs from the user, start and end values for how long the loop should rotate.I have 2threads in my application. Thread1- to update the progressbar(according to the loop) the static text which will show the count(loop count). Thread2 - to update the another static text which will just diplay a name Basically if the user clicks start, the progressbar steps up and at the same time filecount and the name are displayed parallely. There's is another operation where if the user clicks pause it(thread) has to suspend until the user clicks resume. The problem is,the above will not work(will not suspend and resume) for both thread..but works for a singlw thread. Please check the code to get an idea and reply me what can done! on button click start void CThreadingEx3Dlg::OnBnClickedStart() { m_ProgressBar.SetRange(start,end); myThread1 = AfxBeginThread((AFX_THREADPROC)MyThreadFunction1,this); myThread2 = AfxBeginThread((AFX_THREADPROC)MyThreadFunction2,this); } thread1 UINT MyThreadFunction1(LPARAM lparam) { CThreadingEx3Dlg* pthis = (CThreadingEx3Dlg*)lparam; for(int intvalue =pthis->start;intvalue<=pthis->end; ++intvalue) { pthis->SendMessage(WM_MY_THREAD_MESSAGE1,intvalue); } return 0; } thread1 function LRESULT CThreadingEx3Dlg::OnThreadMessage1(WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam) { int nProgress= (int)wparam; m_ProgressBar.SetPos(nProgress); CString strStatus; strStatus.Format(L"Thread1:Processing item: %d", nProgress); m_Static.SetWindowText(strStatus); Sleep(100); return 0; } thread2 UINT MyThreadFunction2(LPARAM lparam) { CThreadingEx3Dlg* pthis = (CThreadingEx3Dlg*)lparam; for(int i =pthis->start;i<=pthis->end;i++) { pthis->SendMessage(WM_MY_THREAD_MESSAGE2,i); } return 0; } thread2 function LRESULT CThreadingEx3Dlg::OnThreadMessage2(WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam) { m_Static1.GetDlgItem(IDC_STATIC6); m_Static1.SetWindowTextW(L"Thread2 Running"); Sleep(100); m_Static1.SetWindowTextW(L""); Sleep(100); return TRUE; } void CThreadingEx3Dlg::OnBnClickedPause() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here if(!m_Track) { m_Track = TRUE; GetDlgItem(IDCANCEL)->SetWindowTextW(L"Resume"); myThread1->SuspendThread(); WaitForSingleObject(myThread1->m_hThread,INFINITE); myThread2->SuspendThread(); m_Static.SetWindowTextW(L"Paused.."); } else { m_Track = FALSE; GetDlgItem(IDCANCEL)->SetWindowTextW(L"Pause"); myThread1->ResumeThread(); myThread2->ResumeThread(); /*myEventHandler.SetEvent(); WaitForSingleObject(myThread1->m_hThread,INFINITE);*/ } }

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  • Android Video Camera : still picture

    - by Alex
    I use the camera intent to capture video. Here is the problem: If I use this line of code, I can record video. But onActivityResult doesn't work. Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.VIDEO_CAMERA"); If I use this line of code, after press the recording button, the camera is freezed, I mean, the picture is still. Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_VIDEO_CAPTURE); BTW, when I use $Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); to capture a picture, it works fine. The java file is as follows: package com.camera.picture; import java.io.File; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Intent; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Environment; import android.provider.MediaStore; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.Toast; import android.widget.VideoView; public class PictureCameraActivity extends Activity { private static final int IMAGE_CAPTURE = 0; private static final int VIDEO_CAPTURE = 1; private Button startBtn; private Button videoBtn; private Uri imageUri; private Uri videoUri; private ImageView imageView; private VideoView videoView; /** Called when the activity is first created. * sets the content and gets the references to * the basic widgets on the screen like * {@code Button} or {@link ImageView} */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); imageView = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.img); videoView = (VideoView)findViewById(R.id.videoView); startBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.startBtn); startBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { startCamera(); } }); videoBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.videoBtn); videoBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub startVideoCamera(); } }); } public void startCamera() { Log.d("ANDRO_CAMERA", "Starting camera on the phone..."); String fileName = "testphoto.jpg"; ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.TITLE, fileName); values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DESCRIPTION, "Image capture by camera"); values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg"); imageUri = getContentResolver().insert( MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values); Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY, 1); startActivityForResult(intent, IMAGE_CAPTURE); } protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { if (requestCode == IMAGE_CAPTURE) { if (resultCode == RESULT_OK){ Log.d("ANDROID_CAMERA","Picture taken!!!"); imageView.setImageURI(imageUri); } } if (requestCode == VIDEO_CAPTURE) { if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) { Log.d("ANDROID_CAMERA","Video taken!!!"); Toast.makeText(this, "Video saved to:\n" + data.getData(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); videoView.setVideoURI(videoUri); } } } private void startVideoCamera() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //create new Intent Log.d("ANDRO_CAMERA", "Starting camera on the phone..."); String fileName = "testvideo.mp4"; ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE, fileName); values.put(MediaStore.Video.Media.DESCRIPTION, "Video captured by camera"); values.put(MediaStore.Video.Media.MIME_TYPE, "video/mp4"); videoUri = getContentResolver().insert( MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values); Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.VIDEO_CAMERA"); //Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_VIDEO_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, videoUri); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY, 1); // start the Video Capture Intent startActivityForResult(intent, VIDEO_CAPTURE); } private static File getOutputMediaFile() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // To be safe, you should check that the SDCard is mounted // using Environment.getExternalStorageState() before doing this. File mediaStorageDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory( Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES), "MyCameraApp"); // This location works best if you want the created images to be shared // between applications and persist after your app has been uninstalled. // Create the storage directory if it does not exist if (! mediaStorageDir.exists()){ if (! mediaStorageDir.mkdirs()){ Log.d("MyCameraApp", "failed to create directory"); return null; } } // Create a media file name String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date()); File mediaFile; mediaFile = new File(mediaStorageDir.getPath() + File.separator + "VID_"+ timeStamp + ".mp4"); return mediaFile; } /** Create a file Uri for saving an image or video */ private static Uri getOutputMediaFileUri(){ return Uri.fromFile(getOutputMediaFile()); } }

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  • Cannot use String.Empty as a default value for an optional parameter in C# - then what's the point?

    - by Mikeyg36
    I am reading Effective C# by Bill Wagner. In Item 14 - Minimize Duplicate Initialization Logic, he shows the following example of using the new optional parameters feature in a constructor: public MyClass(int initialCount = 0, string name = "") Notice that he used "" instead of string.Empty. He comments: You'll note [in an example above] that the second constructor specified "" for the default value on the name parameter, rather than the more customary string.Empty. That's because string.Empty is not a compile-time constant. It is a static property defined in the string class. Because it is not a compile constant, you cannot use it for the default value for a parameter. If we cannot use the string.Empty static in all situations, then doesn't that defeat the purpose of it? I thought that we would use it to be sure that we have a system-independent means of referring to the empty string. Is my understanding wrong? Thanks.

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  • Does a code inherit GNU GPL if it just link to GPL library?

    - by user14284
    Sorry for bad English. Suppose there is a library xxx under GNU GPL, that provide a function yyy. Suppose my code links to the library and use this function. Does my code inherit GPL license? IANAL, but my thoughts are conflicting: On one hand, my code is derivative from the library, so it should inherit GPL. On other hand, my code just use link to the xxx. Maybe there are other libraries, that has the same interface (particularly, they provide yyy function with same functionality, but different implementation). My code may link to any. My code really doesn't directly derived from xxx, it just use its interface. So, my code shouldn't inherit GPL. I'm confused. ADDED. The question is absolutely abstract. I don't mean any concrete GPL library.

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  • How do I avoid boxing/unboxing when extending System.Object?

    - by Robert H.
    I'm working on an extension method that's only applicable to reference types. I think, however, it's currently boxing and unboxing the the value. How can I avoid this? namespace System { public static class SystemExtensions { public static TResult GetOrDefaultIfNull<T, TResult>(this T obj, Func<T, TResult> getValue, TResult defaultValue) { if (obj == null) return defaultValue; return getValue(obj); } } } Example usage: public class Foo { public int Bar { get; set; } } In some method: Foo aFooObject = new Foo { Bar = 1 }; Foo nullReference = null; Console.WriteLine(aFooObject.GetOrDefaultIfNull((o) => o.Bar, 0)); // results: 1 Console.WriteLine(nullReference.GetOrDefaultIfNull((o) => o.Bar, 0)); // results: 0

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  • Queue access to the database to avoid multiple cache items

    - by MikeJ
    I have a music related ASP.NET web site which caches a lot of static information from the database on the first request. Sometimes, the application is reset and cache is cleared while the application is on heavy load and then all http requests go to the database to retrieve that static data and cache it for other requests. How can I ensure that only one request go to the database and cache the results, so that other request simply read that info from cache and not needlessly retrieve the same info over and over again. Can I use thread locking? For example, can I do something like lock(this) { db access here }?

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