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• Network monitoring tools with API features

  - by Kev

  We use ks-soft's Advanced Hostmonitor package to monitor around 2000 items on our network. We think it's great, the chap that supports it is fantastic, the product is fast, stable and mature but I feel as as we grow as a company it's beginning to show some friction points in the area of integration with our back office admin systems. One of the things we'd like to do is be able to add new tests to whatever monitoring tool we use via an API. For example, when orders for servers come from our retail interface, the server gets built automatically, and as part of the automated build process we'd like to automatically add new tests to the network monitoring systems. Hostmonitor has some support for this via a feature called HM Script but we're starting to encounter some speedbumps - we can't add new operators/users we can't define new "Action Profiles" - these are the actions to be taken when a test goes good or bad. What we love about hostmonitor though are the Action Profiles. For example if a Windows IIS box goes bad our action profile for a bad test does something like: Check host again (one time) Wait another 30 seconds then test again Try restart app pool on remote machine (up to two times) Send an email to ops about the restart failure Try restarting IIS on remote machine (up to four times) Page duty admin (up to 5 times - stops after duty admin ACKS alert) Page backup duty admin (5 times - stops after duty admin ACKS alert) I'm starting to look around at other network monitoring tools and I'm looking for: a comprehensive API to be able to add/remove/control tests/test "action profiles"/operators (not just plugins, we need control and admin interfaces) the ability to have quite detailed action/escalation profiles (and define these via an API) I've looked at Nagios and Icinga but Ican't seem to glean from their documentation whether we could have these features or not, or if we could, how much work would be involved to implement/customise. Can anyone provide any advice, guidance or experiences?

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• Is bonding mode=5 a solution against MAC flapping?

  - by Yuri

  There is two are interconnected Cisco WS-2950T. By the one GBIC port on first switch connected a first NIC of bonding interface, and by the one GBIC port on second switch connected a second NIC of bonding interface. Of course the both switches sees the bonding MAC-address only on one interface (eg it is GBIC on first switch) and all incoming traffic for bonding interface passes through this GBIC. But in "mode=5" all outgoing traffic are distributed between the all interfaces that make bond. In this case, the packets will be dropped from the second switch and anyway will going through the first switch? Or the division will be working?

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• Suggest me a good php-fpm configuartion

  - by Werulz

  I am configuring a server for a friend.The server has the following specs 8GB RAM Quad Core processor 1 TB HDD 100 mbps port However all php files are loadking very slowly.I did a speedtest and server takes 16 secs to Load FIRST byte.I strongly believe its my php-fpm configuration.Server uses nginx and php only , no mysql etc... My current php-fpm configuration pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 10 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 Server load and ram usage are perfectly fine Please suggest me a good configuration for this server UPDATE: This configuration works fine pm.max_children = 20 pm.start_servers = 7 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pm.max_requests = 100 The problem with first byte load time is solved.However after like 15-20 hours First byte load time increase gradually. I have to reload php-fpm to get small load time Based on my conf above what i modify to it so that first byte load time remain small and i don't have to restart it:P

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• MySQL socket connections working, but not port connections

  - by Neil

  I installed MySQL community 5.1.45 on my Snow Leopard 10.6, using the pkg from their site. I had previously installed a MySQL binary from entropy.ch. In the previous installation, the connections were working fine before I upgrade to Snow Leopard. In Snow Leopard, both the installations are problematic. Using an app called Sequel Pro, if I connect with the socket operation, it connects properly. However, a standard connection with the same credentials doesn't work. From what I've understood, socket connections happen on the machine itself between processes, whereas normal connections occur over the network/ports, in this case a loopback to my machine, since the server and client are both on the same machine. My new CakePHP installation isn't being able to connect to the db with the root credentials I provided. Btw, I've been starting the MySQL server using the Preference Pane. When I tried running mysqld from terminal, it gave me: 100323 1:54:37 [Warning] Can't create test file /usr/local/mysql-5.1.45-osx10.6-x86_64/data/mbp.lower-test 100323 1:54:37 [Warning] Can't create test file /usr/local/mysql-5.1.45-osx10.6-x86_64/data/mbp.lower-test mysqld: Can't change dir to '/usr/local/mysql-5.1.45-osx10.6-x86_64/data/' (Errcode: 13) 100323 1:54:37 [ERROR] Aborting 100323 1:54:37 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete mbp is the name of my machine. How do I fix this so that my webserver can connect to the mysql server?

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• Can't make virtual host working

  - by sica07

  I have to create a virtual host on a server which, previously hosted a single website (domain name). Now I'm trying to add a second domain on this server (using the same nameserver). What I've done so far: Initially there was no virtual host so I've made one for the second domain: NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/bla ServerName www.blabla.com ServerAlias blabla.com <Directory /var/www/blabla> Order deny,allow Allow from all AllowOverride All </Directory> </VirtualHost *:80> Because nothing happend, I changed the DocumentRoot of the apache server to /var/www (initially was the root document of the first website -/var/www/html) and created a virtual host for the first domain too: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/html ServerName www.first.com ServerAlias first.com <Directory /var/www/html> Order deny,allow Allow from all AllowOverride All </Directory> </VirtualHost *:80> In this case, first.com is working ok, but bla.com not. When I ping blabla.com I get the "unkown host" response. What am I doing wrong? Do I have to modify something in the DNS settings too? Thank you.

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• ADSL Modem Goes Slower Than Dialup

  - by peter

  Hi All, I have two ADSL modems, the first one does not have wireless, but is configured and working fine at around 6 - 7 mbps (ADSL) on Orcon in New Zealand. I bought a Belkin N150 wireless router to replace the first one. I configured it exactly the same as the first one, but a speed test confirms that it is running slower than dial up. One difference I noticed is that the first modem (a linksys) came from Orcon, and didn't have an ADSL username and password set up. The Belkin modem on the other hand wouldn't let me leave the username and password field blank. Any ideas? I am a techy guy, so it doesn't appear to be anything obvious with the settings I have missed. Thanks.

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• Error applying iptables rules using iptables-restore

  - by John Franic

  Hi I'm using Ubuntu 9.04 on a VPS. I'm getting an error if I apply a iptables rule. Here is what I have done. 1.Saved the existing rules iptables-save /etc/iptables.up.rules Created iptables.test.rules and add some rules to it nano /etc/iptables.test.rulesnano /etc/iptables.test.rules This is the rules I added *filter # Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i ! lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accepts all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allows all outbound traffic # You can modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites) -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allows SSH connections # # THE -dport NUMBER IS THE SAME ONE YOU SET UP IN THE SSHD_CONFIG FILE # -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22- j ACCEPT # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # log iptables denied calls -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT After editing when I try to apply the rules by iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.test.rules I get the following error iptables-restore: line 42 failed Line 42 is COMMIT and I comment that out I get iptables-restore: COMMIT expected at line 43 I'm not sure what is the problem, it is expecting COMMIT but if COMMIT is there it's giving error. Could it be due to the fact i'm usin a VPS?My provider using OpenVZ for virtualizaton.

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• Understanding Zabbix Triggers

  - by Mediocre Gopher

  I have zabbix set with an item to monitor a log file on a zabbix client: log["/var/log/program_name/client.log","ERROR:","UTF-8",100] And a trigger to determine when that log file get's more ERRORs: {Template_Linux:log["/var/log/program_name/client.log","ERROR:","UTF-8",100].change(0)}#0 This trigger gets tripped when the log file gets ERRORs the first time, but then that first trigger just sits around for ever in Monitoring-Triggers. My understanding is that the next time the server checks the value of log["/var/log/program_name/client.log","ERROR:","UTF-8",100] and sees that it hasn't changed that the trigger would go away. Obviously this isn't the case. Could someone explain why this first trigger isn't going away? Ultimately my goal is to receive an email whenever ERRORs are added to that log file, but I would like to understand how triggers are working first.

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• What benchmark tool to use to benchmark hardware for VM server?

  - by Mark0978

  We are setting up a new piece of hardware to virtualize several of our servers on. Choices are RAID 5, RAID 6, and RAID 0+1. We are wanting to benchmark all three before we go live with the machine, but I'm not sure how to test the speed. Since we will be using it to host VMs, what will the actual disk traffic look like? What can I use to see if RAID 6 is too slow? Short of setting up the system with all the VM's on it and running that way, then redoing on all the work, I'm not sure how to test it. It them becomes more of a subjective test than an objective one. I'm worried that RAID6 will have too much overhead, that RAID5 will be to fragile with 3TB drives and I've never worked with 0+1 at all. So in short I'd like to setup the base machine (which will be running Linux) and then test the underlying SW RAID for speed. What kind of tool exists to simulate this kind of load? Barring the lack of a specific tool, how about a generic FS testing tool that will simulate different loads?

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• DisableCrossAccountCopy not working on some Outlook installs, working on others, both going against Exchange

  - by MikeBaz

  As part of a mail migration project from one Exchange organization to another, we need to be able to prevent users from moving/copying messages between their accounts in each organization. (Yes, users will think this is evil; no, it's not my decision; yes, users will hate us.) Luckily, we thought, Outlook 2010 provides the DisableCrossAccountCopy registry value/policy (cf. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff800883.aspx). (Because you can't do multiple Exchange organizations in a single profile before Outlook 2010, this only matters on Outlook 2010. Yes, I'm ignoring for the sake of this question copy/move to/from the filesystem.) In our test lab, in a test forest with a test Exchange organization, with a second Exchange account added to the profile in either of the "real" Exchange organizations, with the value set to "*", everything works as expected. On a workstation in one of the production domains, however, the setting does not seem to work. We have tried it under HKCU, HKLM, HKCU\Software\Policies, and HKLM\Software\Policies. It simply seems to be ignored. The value was set in the OCT on a test machine, but the OCT (and the ADM/ADMX file) have the wrong type for the value. We have located the value in the registry and removed it everywhere it is found, we think, and put it back in HKCU, but it still isn't taking. At the moment, a clean Outlook install is not an option - even if it was, we at this point would need to know what to do to fix the pushed copy (I didn't push the copy out to thousands of machines, I've just been asked to help clean up the current mess). Thoughts?

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• Linux Port 80 to redirect to a Windows box

  - by Richard Staehler

  I have 2 servers here at work. One is a Windows 2008 Server R2 (for safety's sake, lets use 192.168.1.100) and the other is a Fedora 14 (192.168.1.101). Currently when you hit our subdomain, x.test.com, our routers tell it to go to our Fedora box, and since Apache is installed and listening to port 80, it displays the Fedora Apache Test Page. It's obvious that I don't use port 80 for this machine, however I do use NAGIOS on it and its always nice to be able to access that from anywhere in the world. So when I want to access it, I just type x.test.com/nagios. Now here comes the dilemma.... On the Windows R2 box, we recently have installed a program that requires us to setup a web server using IIS7. Because of this application, I'm going to be creating a new subdomain called y.test.com, but since we only have 1 WAN/router, it will still get pointed to our Fedora box. That being said, it wants to use port 80 as well (or whatever port I damn well wish to assign it). So my question is: since our router is pointing to the Fedora 14 box (.101), and I want to make sure I can access NAGIOS from anywhere in the world, how do I tell Apache (httpd) to redirect port 80 to the other server (.100)? If not possible, what are my other options? I have rinetd installed on Fedora and have even tried the option 192.168.1.101 80 192.168.1.100 80 and it didn't seem to work "because port 80 was already bound" Thoughts? and Thanks!

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• 554 5.7.1 <mail_addr>: Relay access denied centos postfix

  - by Relicset

  I have problem in send mail from postfix in centos I have following setup mail server postfix for sending mail but I am getting error. As in the link I tried following commands telnet localhost smtp Trying ::1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 mydomain.com ESMTP Postfix ehlo localhost 250-mydomain.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:<domain.com> 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:<[email protected]> 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied Edit-1 In terminal this works echo TEST | mail -v -s "Test mail" [email protected] my postconf -n shows belog information alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no inet_interfaces = localhost inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = dummy.com myhostname = dummy.com mynetworks = all mynetworks_style = host myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 What configuration I have to perform to send mails from my server.

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• Symbolic links not working in MySQL

  - by Eno

  I'm having an issue, I searched a lot but I'm not sure if it's related to a previous security patch. On the last version of MySQL on Debian Lenny ( 5.0.51a-24 ) I need to share one table between two db, those two db are in the same path ( /var/lib/mysql/db1 & db2 ). I created symbolic links for db2 pointing to the table in db1. When I query the same table from db2 I get this : 'ERROR 1030 (HY000): Got error 140 from storage engine' This is how it looks : test-lan:/var/lib/mysql/test3# ls -alh drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4.0K 2010-08-30 13:28 . drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 4.0K 2010-08-30 13:29 .. lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 28 2010-08-30 13:28 blbl.frm -> /var/lib/mysql/test/blbl.frm lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 28 2010-08-30 13:28 blbl.MYD -> /var/lib/mysql/test/blbl.MYD lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 28 2010-08-30 13:28 blbl.MYI -> /var/lib/mysql/test/blbl.MYI -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 65 2010-08-30 13:24 db.opt I really need those symlinks, is there a way to make them working like before ? ( old MySQL-server is fine ) Thanks,

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• Is it possible to fake a Windows install for grub to add to boot menu?

  - by Mussnoon

  When doing a fresh install of a Linux distro (Ubuntu, for instance) on a fresh hard drive, if I want to install Linux first, and Windows later, is it possible to make grub think there's a Windows install on the first partition so that it'll be added to the boot menu after the installation is complete? To illustrate, I have a new hard drive and have created two primary partitions (both still raw) and two logical (Ext4 and Swap). I want to install Ubuntu on the Ext4 partition first, and some version of Windows on the first primary partition only after that (because I currently don't have a Windows install disk, but do have one for Ubuntu). Is it possible to make Ubuntu add an entry for Windows right now and avoid having to repair grub after I've installed Windows?

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• Why does partition tool GParted read the 190GB of data twice when shrink a 250GB partition to 190GB?

  - by Jian Lin

  When using GParted to shrink a 250GB partition to 190GB, I thought it will move the 60GB of data back into the 190GB region and call it done. But instead it reads the 190GB of data twice, the first time taking about 1 hour and the second time for 2 hours. The question is: 1) how come it touches the 190GB of data instead of the 60GB of data? 2) how come it reads it twice? Update: i am suspecting this: it says "moving /dev/sdb1 to the right and then shrink it to 190GB"... so is that the reason, first it is to shrink the partition to 190GB, and then move it to the right? So it is not moving to the right and then shrink it, but to shrink it first and move it. (cannot move first because the original 250GB is the whole hard drive). Also, why move it to the right?

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• Perl wrapper to start daemon leaves zombie when run by cron

  - by leonstr

  I've got a Perl script to start a process as a daemon. But when I call it from cron I'm left with a defunct process. I've stripped this down to a minimal script, I'm starting 'tail' as a placeholder for the daemon: use POSIX "setsid"; $SIG{CHLD} = 'IGNORE'; my $pid = fork(); exit(0) if ($pid > 0); (setsid() != -1) || die "Can't start a new session: $!"; open (STDIN, '/dev/null') or die ("Cannot read /dev/null: $!\n"); my $logout = "logger -t test"; open (STDOUT, "|$logout") or die ("Cannot pipe stdout to $logout: $!\n"); open (STDERR, "|$logout") or die ("Cannot pipe stderr to $logout: $!\n"); my $cmd = "tail -f"; exec($cmd); exit(1); I run this with cron and end up with: root 18616 18615 0 11:40 ? 00:00:00 [test.pl] <defunct> root 18617 1 0 11:40 ? 00:00:00 tail -f root 18618 18617 0 11:40 ? 00:00:00 logger -t test root 18619 18617 0 11:40 ? 00:00:00 logger -t test As far as I can tell it's the piping to logger that it doesn't like, if I send STDOUT and STDERR to /dev/null the problem doesn't occur. Am I doing something wrong or is this just not possible? (CentOS 5.8) Thanks, leonstr

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• Lotus Domino - DAOS not reducing file size?

  - by SydxPages

  I have implemented DAOS on a Lotus Domino Server (8.5.3 FP2) as follows: Lotus Domino Server Document: Store file attachments in DAOS: Enabled Minimum size of object before Domino will store in DAOS: 64000 bytes DAOS base path: E:\DAOS Defer object deletion for: 30 days Transaction logging is running, and the specific test database has the following advanced properties set: Domino Attachment and Object Service (ticked) Use LZ1 compression for atachments Compress Database Design Compress Data I have restarted the server. When I run a compact -c, it compacts the database, but does not reduce the size. I have checked the DB in Windows Explorer (60Gb) and the size is the same pre and post. I have checked the directory (E:\DAOS) and it is 35Gb in size. When I run the command 'Tell DAOSMgr Status tmp\test.nsf', I get the following response. From looking up on the net, I believe ticket count = 0 means that the db is not really DAOS'ed? Admin Process: Searching Administration Requests database DAOSMGR: Status tmptest.nsf started DAOS database status: Database: E:\Lotus\Domino\Data\tmp\test.nsf Database state = Synchronized Last resynchronized: 03/09/2012 02:49:13 PM Ticket count: 0 DAOSMGR: Status tmp\test.nsf completed I have run fixup on the database. When I have tried to run the DAOS estimator it has always crashed. This was a problem with larger databases on earlier versions of domino, but not anymore. Can anyone tell me why the size has not reduced? Am I missing anything?

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• Can I setup NAT for the same service, two public IPs on different routers to the same private IP?

  - by James

  This might be needlessly complex, but here goes. I've got two Firebox x550e devices. The first has a local IP of 10.0.0.1, public IP 64.x.x.x. The second has a local IP of 10.0.0.10, public IP 70.x.x.x. There is an FTP server on our LAN with a private IP of 10.0.0.55. I've set up NAT rules in each of the Fireboxes, on the first firebox it is 64.x.x.x-10.0.0.55 tcp 21, on the second 70.x.x.x-10.0.0.55 tcp 21. The first rule works fine. I can ftp to 64.x.x.x and everything's good. The second rule doesn't work. ftp to 70.x.x.x results in a connection timeout. The second firebox logs say the connection is being allowed through. The default gateway on the FTP server is 10.0.0.1 (the first firebox) If I change the default gateway on the server to 10.0.0.10, the rule on the second firebox starts working, but the rule from the first firebox stops. Is there some way to make this work for both rules?

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• Passenger connection reset by peer issue

  - by user887372

  I am new to ruby on rails. I am using passenger 3.0.17 to deploy my ruby 3.2.6 project. My project is working fine but i got 500 internal error when i try to upload files on server. I checked my passenger log and found: [ pid=20654 thr=140394143790848 file=ext/nginx/HelperAgent.cpp:933 time=2012-11-01 09:29:57.82 ]: Uncaught exception in PassengerServer client thread: exception: write() failed: Connection reset by peer (104) backtrace: in 'void Client::forwardResponse(Passenger::SessionPtr&, Passenger::FileDescriptor&, const Passenger::AnalyticsLogPtr&)' (HelperAgent.cpp:705) in 'void Client::handleRequest(Passenger::FileDescriptor&)' (HelperAgent.cpp:859) in 'void Client::threadMain()' (HelperAgent.cpp:952) 2012/11/01 09:29:27 [crit] 20691#0: *431 mkdir() "/tmp/passenger-standalone.20640/proxy_temp/2" failed (2: No such file or directory) while reading upstream, client: 124.172.71.55, server: _, request: "GET /assets/jquery.js?body=1 HTTP/1.1", upstream: "passenger:unix:/passenger_helper_server:", host: "test.com:3000", referrer: "http://test.com:3000/" 2012/11/01 09:29:33 [crit] 20691#0: *435 mkdir() "/tmp/passenger-standalone.20640/proxy_temp/3" failed (2: No such file or directory) while reading upstream, client: 124.172.71.55, server: _, request: "GET /assets/background.png HTTP/1.1", upstream: "passenger:unix:/passenger_helper_server:", host: "test.com:3000", referrer: "http://test.com:3000/" [ pid=20654 thr=140394115462912 file=ext/nginx/HelperAgent.cpp:933 time=2012-11-01 09:29:33.543 ]: Uncaught exception in PassengerServer client thread: exception: write() failed: Connection reset by peer (104) backtrace: in 'void Client::forwardResponse(Passenger::SessionPtr&, Passenger::FileDescriptor&, const Passenger::AnalyticsLogPtr&)' (HelperAgent.cpp:705) in 'void Client::handleRequest(Passenger::FileDescriptor&)' (HelperAgent.cpp:859) in 'void Client::threadMain()' (HelperAgent.cpp:952) Please guide me regarding the issue. I am unable to find the reason of this peer reset and failied mkdir(). Thanks in advance

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• Nagios command not transmitting all arguments

  - by markus

  I'm using the following service to monitor our postgres db from nagios: define service{ use test-service ; Name of servi$ host_name DEMOCGN002 service_description Postgres State check_command check_nrpe!check_pgsql!192.168.1.135!test!test!test notifications_enabled 1 } On the remote machine I've configured the command: command[check_pgsql]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_pgsql -H $ARG1$ -d $ARG2$ -l $ARG3$ -p $ARG4$ In the syslog I can see that command is executed, but there is only one argument transmitted: Oct 20 13:18:43 DEMOSRV01 nrpe[1033]: Running command: /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_pgsql -H 192.168.1.134 -d -l -p Oct 20 13:18:43 DEMOSRV01 nrpe[1033]: Command completed with return code 3 and output: check_pgsql: Database name is not valid - -l#012Usage:#012check_pgsql [-H <host>] [-P <port>] [-c <critical time>] [-w <warning time>]#012 [-t <timeout>] [-d <database>] [-l <logname>] [-p <password>] Oct 20 13:18:43 DEMOSRV01 nrpe[1033]: Return Code: 3, Output: check_pgsql: Database name is not valid - -l#012Usage:#012check_pgsql [-H <host>] [-P <port>] [-c <critical time>] [-w <warning time>]#012 [-t <timeout>] [-d <database>] [-l <logname>] [-p <password>] Why are arguments 2,3 and 4 missing?

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• How long are fragmented TCP fragments kept in the TCP server

  - by Justin

  Suppose that a given TCP fragment is fragmented into two IP datagrams, and that the first datagram arrives to the TCP server, but the second datagram never arrives. After a certain amount of time the TCP server sends a keepalive, and determines that the client is alive. What does the TCP server then do with this first datagram? Does is wait for the second datagram to arrive, or does it discard the first datagram?

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• How can I write automated tests for iptables?

  - by Phil Frost

  I am configuring a Linux router with iptables. I want to write acceptance tests for the configuration that assert things like: traffic from some guy on the internet is not forwarded, and TCP to port 80 on the webserver in the DMZ from hosts on the corporate LAN is forwarded. An ancient FAQ alludes to a iptables -C option which allows one to ask something like, "given a packet from X, to Y, on port Z, would it be accepted or dropped?" Although the FAQ suggests it works like this, for iptables (but maybe not ipchains as it uses in the examples) the -C option seems to not simulate a test packet running through all the rules, but rather checks for the existence for an exactly matching rule. This has little value as a test. I want to assert that the rules have the desired effect, not just that they exist. I've considered creating yet more test VMs and a virtual network, then probing with tools like nmap for effects. However, I'm avoiding this solution due to the complexity of creating all those additional virtual machines, which is really quite a heavy way to generate some test traffic. It would also be nice to have an automated testing methodology which can also work on a real server in production. How else might I solve this problem? Is there some mechanism I might use to generate or simulate arbitrary traffic, then know if it was (or would be) dropped or accepted by iptables?

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• install zenoss on ubuntu, raise No valid ZENHOME error

  - by bxshi

  I've added an user with name zenoss, and set export ZENHOME=/usr/local/zenoss in ~/.bashrc under /home/zenoss, and when using echo $ZENHOME, it could show /usr/local/zenoss When install zenoss, I switched to zenoss and then run install.sh under zenoss-4.2.0/inst, when it tries to run Tests, the error occured. ------------------------------------------------------- T E S T S ------------------------------------------------------- Running org.zenoss.utils.ZenPacksTest Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 3, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.045 sec <<< FAILURE! Running org.zenoss.utils.ZenossTest Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.71 sec Results : Tests in error: testGetZenPack(org.zenoss.utils.ZenPacksTest): No valid ZENHOME could be found. testGetPackPath(org.zenoss.utils.ZenPacksTest): No valid ZENHOME could be found. testGetAllPacks(org.zenoss.utils.ZenPacksTest): No valid ZENHOME could be found. Tests run: 6, Failures: 0, Errors: 3, Skipped: 0 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Reactor Summary: [INFO] [INFO] Zenoss Core ....................................... SUCCESS [27.643s] [INFO] Zenoss Core Utilities ............................. FAILURE [12.742s] [INFO] Zenoss Jython Distribution ........................ SKIPPED [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD FAILURE [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 40.586s [INFO] Finished at: Wed Sep 26 15:39:24 CST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 16M/60M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.8:test (default-test) on project utils: There are test failures. [ERROR] [ERROR] Please refer to /home/zenoss/zenoss-4.2.0/inst/build/java/java/zenoss-utils/target/surefire-reports for the individual test results.

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• Simulated NAT Traversal on Virtual Box

  - by Sumit Arora

  I have installed virtual box ( with Two virtual Adapters(NAT-type)) - Host (Ubuntu -10.10) - Guest-Opensuse-11.4 . Objective : Trying to simulate all four types of NAT as defined here : https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/TOP/NAT+Traversal+Testing Simulating the various kinds of NATs can be done using Linux iptables. In these examples, eth0 is the private network and eth1 is the public network. Full-cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination Restricted cone iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p udp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -j DROP iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state NEW -j DROP Port-restricted cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source Symmentric echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables --flush iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE --random iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT What I did : OpenSuse guest with Two Virtual adapters - eth0 and eth1 -- eth1 with address 10.0.3.15 /eth1:1 as 10.0.3.16 -- eth0 with address 10.0.2.15 now running stund(http://sourceforge.net/projects/stun/) client/server : Server eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./server -v -h 10.0.3.15 -a 10.0.3.16 Client eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./client -v 10.0.3.15 -i 10.0.2.15 On all Four Cases It is giving same results : test I = 1 test II = 1 test III = 1 test I(2) = 1 is nat = 0 mapped IP same = 1 hairpin = 1 preserver port = 1 Primary: Open Return value is 0x000001 Q-1 :Please let me know If any has ever done, It should behave like NAT as per description but nowhere it working as a NAT. Q-2: How NAT Implemented in Home routers (Usually Port Restricted), but those also pre-configured iptables rules and tuned Linux

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• Enabling CURL on Ubuntu 11.10

  - by Afsheen Khosravian

  I have installed curl: sudo apt-get install curl libcurl3 libcurl3-dev php5-curl and I have updated my php.ini file to include(I also tried .so): extension=php_curl.dll To test if curl is working I created a file called testCurl.php which contains the following: <?php echo ‘<pre>’; var_dump(curl_version()); echo ‘</pre>’; ?> When I navigate to localhost/testCurl.php I get an error: HTTP Error 500 Heres a snippet from the error log: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/php_curl.dll' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/php_curl.dll: cannot op$ PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/sqlite.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/sqlite.so: cannot open sha$ [Sun Dec 25 12:10:17 2011] [notice] Apache/2.2.20 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.3.6-13ubuntu3.3 with Suhosin-Patch configured -- resuming normal operations [Sun Dec 25 12:13:46 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://localhost/ [Sun Dec 25 12:13:46 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://localhost/ [Sun Dec 25 12:13:46 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://localhost/ [Sun Dec 25 12:13:46 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://localhost/` Can anyone help me to get curl working? The problem was with the original test code. I used a new test file containing this and curl is now working: <?php ## Test if cURL is working ## ## SCRIPT BY WWW.WEBUNE.COM (please do not remove)## echo '<pre>'; var_dump(curl_version()); echo '</pre>'; ?>

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