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• What is the solid Windows Server 2008 VPS hosting (preferably) in Europe?

  - by Jakub Šturc

  I am looking for Windows Server 2008 VPS hosting to host a few sites/apps with special needs. I spend few hours googling but I am not satisfied with the result. I looks to me that this business is full of crap. Two thirds of the reviews seems to be faked and advertised offers is unavailable or contains some hidden fee. So my question is which VPS hosting with Windows Server 2008 do you recommend? I slightly prefer data center in Europe and euro payment it isn't deal breaker. Note: I didn't made question community wiki because I am interested in answers from users with some reputation and I want to preserve theirs answers.

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• How to consolidate servers with the not-very-strong infrastructure

  - by Sim

  All, Situation We are in retail industry with about 10 distributors and use Solomon as the standard ERP for all our systems Each distributor has 1 HQ and 5 - 10 branches, each branch has their own server (Windows 2000/XP/2003 + Solomon + another built-in POS system) Everyday, branches has to extract data and send (via email/Skype) to HQ for data consolidation purpose When we first deployed our ERP, the infrastructure (e.g. Internet connection) wasn't reliable enough. That's why we went with the de-centralized model (each branch got their own server) Now, the infrastructure is mature already. And we need to consolidate data more quickly (not from branches -- HQ -- our company but something like HQ -- our company only) Goal We just have Solomon servers in distributor HQ. All the transactions in branches (retrieved from POS) will by synchronized with HQ server directly) There is a backup plan just in case the Internet goes down, or HQ server goes down Question With the above question, could you guys suggests some model for me ? Should we use Terminal services, any other solutions ? Any watchout/suggestions ? Any good article to read 'bout this ? Thanks a lot

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• How to recursively move all files (including hidden) in a subfolder into a parent folder in *nix?

  - by deadprogrammer

  This is a bit of an embracing question, but I have to admit that this late in my career I still have questions about the mv command. I frequently have this problem: I need to move all files recursively up one level. Let's say I have folder foo, and a folder bar inside it. Bar has a mess of files and folders, including dot files and folders. How do I move everything in bar to the foo level? If foo is empty, I simply move bar one level above, delete foo and rename bar into foo. Part of the problem is that I can't figure out what mv's wildcard for "everything including dots" is. A part of this question is this - is there an in-depth discussion of the wildcards that cp and mv commands use somewhere (googling this only brings very basic tutorials).

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• Windows 7 upgrade licensing

  - by bwerks

  I'm having trouble wading through Microsoft's marketing information. Does anyone know if Windows 7 x86 to Windows 7 x64 is a valid upgrade path? I know you can't actually use the built-in "upgrade" installation path; this is more of a licensing question. Although that may have answered my own question: is this idea even possible? Or do "upgrade" versions of Windows function only when executed from inside the OS, and not when doing fresh installs? Thanks!

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• How can I remove HTTP headers with .htaccess in Apache?

  - by Daniel Magliola

  I have a website that is sending out "cache-control" and "pragma" HTTP headers for PHP requests. I'm not doing that in the code, so I'm assuming it's some kind of Apache configuration, as suggested by this question (you don't really need to go there for this question's context) I don't have anything in my .htaccess files, so it's gotta be in Apache's configuration itself, but I can't access that, this is a shared hosting, I only have FTP access to my website's directory. Is there any way that I can add directives to my .htaccess files that will remove the headers added by the global configuration, or otherwise override the directive so that they're not added in the first place? Thank you very much Daniel

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• Explanation of the init.d/scripts Fedora

  - by Shahmir Javaid

  Below is a copy of vsftpd, i need some explanations of some of the scripts mentioned below in this script: #!/bin/bash # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: vsftpd # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Short-Description: Very Secure Ftp Daemon # Description: vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from # scratch ### END INIT INFO # vsftpd This shell script takes care of starting and stopping # standalone vsftpd. # # chkconfig: - 60 50 # description: Vsftpd is a ftp daemon, which is the program \ # that answers incoming ftp service requests. # processname: vsftpd # config: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network RETVAL=0 prog="vsftpd" start() { # Start daemons. # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 if [ -d /etc/vsftpd ] ; then CONFS=`ls /etc/vsftpd/*.conf 2>/dev/null` [ -z "$CONFS" ] && exit 6 for i in $CONFS; do site=`basename $i .conf` echo -n $"Starting $prog for $site: " daemon /usr/sbin/vsftpd $i RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog break else if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then RETVAL=0 break fi fi done else RETVAL=1 fi return $RETVAL } stop() { # Stop daemons. echo -n $"Shutting down $prog: " killproc $prog RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog return $RETVAL } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart|reload) stop start RETVAL=$? ;; condrestart|try-restart|force-reload) if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then stop start RETVAL=$? fi ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|try-restart|force-reload|status}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL Question I What the hell is the difference between the && and || signs in the below commands, and is it just an easy way to do a simple if check or is it completely different to a if[..something..]; then ..something.. fi: # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 Question II i get what -eq and -gt is (equal to, greater than) but is there a simple website that explains what -x, -d and -f are? Any help would be apreciated Running Fedora 12 on my OS. Script copied from /etc/init.d/vsftpd Question III It says required starts are $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog but i cant see any where it checks for those.

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• Slave/secondary DNS nameserver

  - by user114671

  I'm learning about DNS and have a very basic, generic question about DNS but I can't find an answer anywhere. I have DNS for a few domains set up as follows: - master records with DNS company A - slave records with DNS company B Company A's nameservers are: ns1.companyA.com. ns2.companyA.com. ns3.companyA.com. ns4.companyA.com. ns5.companyA.com. and company B has three slaves: ns6.companyB.com. ns7.companyB.com. ns8.companyB.com. Everything works fine transferring the records between the nameservers and keeping them in sync. But my question is: The registrar of my domain example.com allows me to choose 4 nameservers only. Do I just pick the first 4 for company A, or do I need to include 1 or more of company B's slave nameservers too?

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• Roughly cutting Fibre Cables

  - by Bryan

  I recently asked a question about which type of Fibre optic cable to use for my installation. We have now found a cable type and supplier and I'm about to order the cable (OM3, Tight Buffered, 12 Core), however I have a further question: We are shortly moving in to a new building (still being constructed) and we are about to get a window in which we will be able to run any cabling that we need. How should I roughly cut the fibre? Can I just use some heavy shears to cut through the cable? I'm aware that doing so will damage the ends, but will the damage be limited to the ends, or could the cracks/fractures continue up the length of the cable? p.s. I have already allowed for several metres of extra cable at each end, and I am going to get a specialist in to terminate the fibres.

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• How to share a VPN connection in a VMWare Guest VM with the Host

  - by Jonathan

  The need - This question is relevant for all of those who want to bypass their corporate's annoying VPN, and access their work/corporate network from their private computer, especially if the corporate VPN client software can't run on their private computer. Homework: this question is very similar to this one and this one, which aren't answered :( The challange - Can't run the corporate VPN client from the private computer, so converted the work laptop to a VMWare Virtual Machine. The VPN client is working fine inside the Guest VM, now we want to share it with the Host (the private computer) The specs: * The private computer (Host OS) is Mac OS X Lion 64bit * The corporate laptop (Guest VM) is WinXP 32bit, running in Bridged network mode * The VPN client on the Guest VM is is Checkpoint SecuRemote NGX R60 HFA03 * While the VPN is running in the Guest VM, the Host can still ping the Guest and vice versa

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• hardware addressing and configurable addressing scheme

  - by Zia ur Rahman

  basically i want to ask question about configurable addressing scheme for LAN interface hardware. i have read about it from a book, some main points are given by a configurable addressing scheme provides a mechanism that a customer can use to set a physical address.The mechanism can be manual (the switches that must be set when the interface is first installed).or an electronic memory such as an EPROM that can be downloded from the computer(what does this means). Most hardware needs to be configured only once- configuration is usually done when the hardware is first installed. Question:Suppose a network administrator configures the LAN interface hardware (assigns the address) when he installs it. Now later on if he needs to change the physical address of the device can he change it? Or in this addressing scheme the hardware can only be configured once and we can not reconfigure it later on.

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• Remote Desktop Services In A Virtual VMWare Environment

  - by Christopher W. Szabo

  I have a quick question regarding Microsoft Remote Desktop Services in a virtualized environment using VMWare. This environment will actually be hosted in a large data center with in a cloud that is offered. This particular data center has the ability to establish high speed point to point connections with customers via metro-ethernet who are hosted in the cloud. The result is that customers can actually host their corporate domain in the data center's cloud. Put the merits of such a configuration aside for the time being. Believe me when I say that the cloud is stable and had enough hardware behind it to rival a dedicated cabinet. My question has to do with RDS in a virtual environment, which would amount to virtual desktops hosted on a virtual server. I've read that this works without issue using Hyper-V and VMWare. But before I take the plunge I wanted to get some feedback from the community.

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• Should a sysadmin contractor charge overtime for off-peak hours?

  - by Jakobud

  This is not necessarily a server-related question, but more of a system admin question that I think would related to many on SF. I'm doing Sysadmin/IT consulting for a small company. I only work about 3 days a week for them on average. If a server goes down or something like that during off hours (nights, weekends, 3am, etc) and they need it fixed during those time periods, should I be charging overtime for that? I would I not be justified in charging overtime until I've logged 40 hours for the week? Perhaps calling it overtime isn't the best name. I guess maybe its better to call it an off-peak hourly rate. Anyways I just was curious what other consultants did in these circumstances.

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• SSL certificate for FTPS, is it the same as for HTTPS?

  - by BlackTigerX

  This question is about "FTP over SSL", if I understand correctly FTPS and HTTPS are just the standard FTP and HTTP protocols running on top of SSL, is this correct? The actual question is: is the certificate that you use for FTPS the exact same that you can use for HTTPS? or are there any differences? To give you some context, I need to get a certificate for an FTPS server, I know I can generate one but it needs to be from an certificate authority, I just need to make sure that I can use the same type of certificate that we use here for HTTPS, otherwise need to know what type of certificate I need to get

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• Create an alias in Windows XP

  - by Lord Torgamus

  Back in school, I used to have a .login file along the lines of alias ll = ls -l alias dir = ls -Fhl alias web = cd ~/public/public_www/development ... I'd like to do that sort of thing with my XP box here at work, but most of the resources I've found online seem fairly complicated and heavy-duty. Is there a way to do this that doesn't involve mucking about in the registry or running a large batch file? EDIT: My original reason for asking this was that I only need the command line for one command in one specific folder, and I wanted to be able to get to that folder quickly when I launched the command line. But the accepted answer for this question is so good that I decided to ask about my original issue as a separate question here.

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• Finding Image resolution in PDF file?

  - by Dave

  I have a problem of having some users creating very large PDFs. On the other hands I have PDF sent from our fax machines that are really small in size and totally printable. My question is Is there any way I can find the resolution (DPI) of the PDF. I search the internet, could not find any answer. Checked the properties of the file, this information was not stored there, at least in my case. What is the optimum resolution of converting text file into image PDF. 96dpi, 300dpi or more ? Fun question. Can I resize a PDF which was scanned with high dpi into smaller dpi? I know some answers might not be available as I have already searched the internet and could not find answers. Note: My PDF are entirely images, text to images. I am also familiar with primoPDF (free) something you can experiment with

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• How to fetch a cpu status thought net-snmp

  - by Steve.DC.Tang

  I want to fetch a device's cpu and memory status thought net-snmp. I get my device's info with this command: snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 210.38.xxx.xxx system And I got this info: SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Ruijie High-density IPv6 10G Core Routing Switch(S8606) By Ruijie Network SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.4881.1.1.10.1.43 DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (1978814424) 229 days, 0:42:24.24 SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: S8606 SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: SNMPv2-MIB::sysServices.0 = INTEGER: 7 Now I want to fetch the cpu status, and I search my question on Google, somebody offer a oid for query the cpu status: snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 210.38.xxx.xxx usageOfCPU But it doesn't worked : No log handling enabled - using stderr logging usageOfCPU: Unknown Object Identifier (Sub-id not found: (top) - usageOfCPU) Somebody told me some switch has its private MIB, and you can use it to see its CPU status, is that right? I hope someone can solve me question......

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• forced reformat without login / and bootcamp

  - by debug

  ok.. im pretty good with stuff like this, but I have a question. I have mac mini with 10.5.(x) on one partition, and bootcamp (windows) on the other. My boss wants me to reformat the whole mac (10.6 (x)), which is usually easy. He does not remember his password to login, which means I cannot log in and allocate the bootcamp back to one partition using Disk Utility, then reformat the whole drive. When I insert the Snow leopard CD, I can only wipe out one partition, my question is: Is there a way to force a wipe out of both drives in the boot sequence? Any help to wipe out this whole drive and do a clean install would be helpful.. Thanks superusers!

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• Howto boot directly into a VirtualBox image?

  - by mawimawi

  I have a running setup as following: Native OS: Windows 7 64bit, 3 Partitions: c: (System) d: (FAT32, here is my vdi file) e: (unformatted) VirtualBox: Fedora 14 running off the vdi file on drive d. Usually this setup is great for me, but sometimes I'd like to run Linux natively, and not inside VirtualBox. Is there a way to boot directly into the vdi file without the Windows overhead? E.g. using a USB stick with some modified Linux Kernel / GRUB that can mount the vdi file directly as "/"? Or copy the contents of my vdi file to the empty partition and somehow use this from VirtualBox (when booting into Windows) AND directly booting into Linux? Hope to get some hints or even howtos. EDIT: yes, sorry. not programming related. I posted the question to serverfault.com (hopefully that's the better site for my question.)

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• HP LaserJet Pro 400 Color M451dn Phantom Print Jobs

  - by francisswest

  Scenario: Multiple printers hooked up to a printer server (2008r2) including this HP LaserJet Pro 400 Color M451dn. All machines that are using the printer are based on Windows 7 Enterprise x64. Problem: Every couple of days the users who frequent this printer let me know that a few dozen pages with random characters down one side of the paper print out. This happens usually during the evening when no one is around to send print jobs to it. What I have done: Provided the below screen shot of the printer log with what I assume is the print jobs in question. I have looked into the printer driver compatibility and found no issues. Question: Is there a known issue with this printer or similar printers, and is there a solution that people are familiar with when they see multiple pages of gibberish printing out?

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• Network monitoring solution

  - by Hellfrost

  Hello Serverfault ! I have a big distributed system I need to monitor. Background: My system is comprised of two servers, concentrating and controlling the system. Each server is connected to a set of devices (some custom kind of RF controllers, doesnt matter to my question), each device connects to a network switch, and eventually all devices talk to the servers, the protocol between the servers and the devices is UDP, usually the packets are very small, but there are really a LOT of packets. the network is also somewhat complex, and is deployed on a large area physically. i'll have 150-300 of these devices, each generating up to 100+ packets per second, and several network switches, perhaps on 2 different subnets. Question I'm looking for some solution that will allow me to monitor all this mess, how many packets are sent, where, how do they move through the network, bandwidth utilization, throughput, stuff like that. what would you recommend to achieve this? BTW Playing nice with windows is a requirement.

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• IP Address on internet access shared over ad-hoc wifi network

  - by Jacxel

  The Situation When im staying at my girlfriends we both like to have internet access on our laptops but her accommodation don't allow wireless routers. My Question My question is if I set up an Ad-Hoc network to share the internet connection as shown here on How To Geek. Will my laptop be acting as a wireless router or will the connection all go through my laptop as one ip address so it appears to be my computer accessing the webpages etc, that my girlfriend actually is. i would be interested in knowing any additional information that could help sove this problem eg. if connectify would do what i want.

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• Creating a chain of certificates

  - by StackedCrooked

  This question is a follow up to my previous question, which was, in retrospect, not completely answered: http://superuser.com/questions/126121/how-to-create-my-own-certificate-chain. I'll represent my certificate chain like this: ROOT - A - B - C - ... I am now able to create the ROOT and A certificates, but I didn't succeed in continueing the chain. My command for creating the root certificate is: openssl req -new -newkey rsa:1024 -nodes -out ca.csr -keyout ca.key openssl x509 -trustout -signkey ca.key -days 365 -req -in ca.csr -out ca.pem Certificate A: openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024 openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.cer This command depends on the root certificate implicitly using the data found in the openssl config file. Certificate B will only rely on A, so the previous command won't work here. How can I complete the chain?

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• How can I judge the suitability of modern processors for systems with specific CPU requirements?

  - by Iszi

  Inspired by this question: How do I calculate clock speed in multi-core processors? The answers in the above question do a fair job of explaining why a lower-speed multi-core processor won't necessarily perform at the same level as a higher-speed single-core processor. Example: 4*2=8, but a quad-core 2 GHz processor isn't necessarily as fast as a single-core 8 GHz processor. However, I'm having a hard time putting the information in those answers to practical use in my mind. Particularly, I want to know how it should be used to judge whether a given CPU is appropriate for an application with specific requirements. Example scenarios: An application has a minimum CPU requirement of 2.4 GHz dual-core. Another application has a minimum CPU requirement of 1.8 GHz single-core. For either of the above scenarios: Would a higher-speed processor with fewer cores, or a lower-speed processor with more cores, be equally sufficient? If so, how can we determine the appropriate processor speeds required for a given number of cores?

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• Hacking prevention, forensics, auditing and counter measures.

  - by tmow

  Recently (but it is also a recurrent question) we saw 3 interesting threads about hacking and security: My server's been hacked EMERGENCY. Finding how a hacked server was hacked File permissions question The last one isn't directly related, but it highlights how easy it is to mess up with a web server administration. As there are several things, that can be done, before something bad happens, I'd like to have your suggestions in terms of good practices to limit backside effects of an attack and how to react in the sad case will happen. It's not just a matter of securing the server and the code but also of auditing, logging and counter measures. Do you have any good practices list or do you prefer to rely on software or on experts that continuously analyze your web server(s) (or nothing at all)? If yes, can you share your list and your ideas/opinions?

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• OS X Snow Leopard, change file permissions on copy

  - by Francesco K

  I work with OS X, Snow Leopard and need to allow users to make copies of files (templates) located in a read-only repository for subsequent editing. The repository is located on a separate physical drive mounted to the OS X boot volume. As this is a shared computer in a school environment, all users access the machine via a single login ("user_local"). Whether using POSIX permissions or ACLs, the use case requires the file permissions to change from "read" to "read write" as they get copied to the "user_local" home directory. Googling around has not yielded anything that would indicate that this is possible via the Snow Leopard permission system. Question 1: Is this in fact possible via the permission system? If so, how? Question 2: If not possible, how would one go about solving this problem? I imagine this to be a fairly common use case so there must be a workable solution for it out there. Thanks.

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