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• Top causes of slow ssh logins

  - by Peter Lyons

  I'd love for one of you smart and helpful folks to post a list of common causes of delays during an ssh login. Specifically, there are 2 spots where I see a range from instantaneous to multi-second delays. Between issuing the ssh command and getting a login prompt and between entering the passphrase and having the shell load Now, specifically I'm looking at ssh details only here. Obviously network latency, speed of the hardware and OSes involved, complex login scripts, etc can cause delays. For context I ssh to a vast multitude of linux distributions and some Solaris hosts using mostly Ubuntu, CentOS, and MacOS X as my client systems. Almost all of the time, the ssh server configuration is unchanged from the OS's default settings. What ssh server configurations should I be interested in? Are there OS/kernel parameters that can be tuned? Login shell tricks? Etc?

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• debian installation without internet connection

  - by Gobliins

  Hi i want to install some Debian distributions (Grip, Crush, Lenny...) for arm / armel architectures. www.emdebian.org/ i refer to this guide www.aurel32.net/info/debian_arm_qemu.php The Problem i have is that i dont have internet connection with My Linux VM or Qemu i am behind a Proxy. I want to know is there a way where i can dl all the needed files and save them to disk that i don´t need an i.c. during the installation? I am working under Windows now. my regards

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• Does /boot safe on top of a lvm LV (logical volume)?

  - by fantoman

  Title already asked the question. More specifically, I read in some documents that logical volumes are nice in general but not for /boot in a linux system. They say that bootloaders don't understand LVM volumes, so create a separate partition for /boot out of lvm. I recently installed Ubuntu server (9.10) for my home server, but by default /boot is created in the LVM. Everything is fine now, but I am not sure it is safe to use /boot in LVM. Second question is do I really need a physical partition (volume)(pv) for /boot or is it equally fine if I put it into a logical volume (lv) on top of a single shared volume group. Thanks in advance.

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• writting becomes slow after few writes

  - by user1566277

  I am running an embedded Linux on arm with a SD-Card. While writing huge amounts of data I see bizarre effects. E.g, when I dd a 15 MB file few times, it writes the file (normally) in less than 2 Secs. But After lets say 3-4 times it takes sometimes 15 to 30 Seconds to write the same file. If I sync after writing the file, then this does not happen but sync takes long time too. If there is enough gap between writing two files than presumably kernel syncs itself. How can I optimize the whole performance so that write should always finish inside 2 Seconds. The File system I am using is ext3. Any pointers?

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• How to batch edit a list of files?

  - by user43144

  I have a list of files where I need to remove some lines that have been added yesterday by a spambot. The section I want to remove looks like this: ^M <script>[...] bunch of malware code [...]</script> That section seems to have been appended to the files, so I can be relatively sure it's the last lines of each file that contain this part. Now I know a bit of Linux, but not enough to do this via a command. How would I go about and do this?

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• Windows 7/8 can't connect to an N Router

  - by xenoterracide

  I have a router running OpenWRT backfire, with N and A/B/G being broadcast. A linux laptop, and a Mac laptop can see the N network and connect to it (or at least they could last weekend). But there is now a Windows 7 Desktop with a B/G/N wireless card, and a Windows 8 Laptop with a B/G/N wireless card that can't see the N network only the B/G broadcast. The B/G and N have different SSID's and Encryption ( WEP and WPA2 PSK respectively ). The N SSID isn't even visible. Does anyone have any suggestions as to how to troubleshoot further? Or what might be the cause? update wireless info Desktop Dell Wireless 1502 802.11b/g/n Atheros Communications Inc 9.2.0.412

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• Redirect physical keyboard input to SSH

  - by Dimme

  I'm having a raspberry pi running debian linux and I have an RFID reader connected to it. The RFID reader behaves like a keyboard. Every time I scan a tag it types then number of the tag and then carriage return. My problem is that I want to redirect the output of the RFID reader to my SSH session. That means anything that is typed to the physical keyboard of the pi should be displayed in my SSH window. I have tried with: cat /dev/tty0 but it wont work because the user is not logged in. Is there a way to disable the login screen after the pi boots and then redirect all input through SSH?

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• How to run long time process on Udev event?

  - by neclude

  (sorry for my bad english) I want run ppp connection when my usb modem is connect. so i use next udev rule: ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="16d8",\ RUN+="/usr/local/bin/newPPP.sh $env{DEVNAME}" (my modem appear in /dev as ttyACM0) newPPP.sh: #!/bin/bash /usr/bin/pon prov $1 >/dev/null 2>&1 & Problem: udev event fire, newPPP.sh running, BUT newPPP.sh process will be killed after ~4-5s. ppp not have time to connect. (in it params is timeout 10s for dial up). How can i run long time process, that will not be killed? (I was try nohup. It don't work too.) System: Arch Linux

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• What is shrink_slab, and why is it showing up in /var/log/messages?

  - by Steve Kehlet

  I'm investigating some application issues on a Linux system and noticed this around the time of the most recent problem, but not close enough to be definitively related: Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-155456000 Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-157859400 Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-157833400 Jun 8 06:20:23 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-284172800 What is this? Googling isn't helping, I get that it's something with VM, but why is it suddenly showing up in /var/log/messages? Edit: I take it it's showing this because the number of pages it could free ("nr") is negative. Which is presumably a bad thing. I found patches for newer kernels that display a more useful message to this effect. Still not sure what this means though, or what I need to do about it.

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• Mirror network packets from WiFi to Ethernet in an ASUS Router RT N53

  - by fazineroso

  I have an ASUS RT N53 router, running the default firmware (Linux 2.6.22 with busybox and uclibc). I need to capture data packets from some Wi-Fi devices I have connected to that router (iPad and some smartphones), but the router is not forwarding any package coming from Wi-Fi devices to the Ethernet Ports. Any idea how can I proceed? Available tools in the router are iptables (no tee option, though), ebtables, brctl... Currently the ethernet and Wifi devices are forming a bridge: # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.50465dc06be2 no vlan0 eth1 No ebtables rules: # ebtables -L Bridge table: filter Bridge chain: INPUT, entries: 0, policy: ACCEPT Bridge chain: FORWARD, entries: 0, policy: ACCEPT Bridge chain: OUTPUT, entries: 0, policy: ACCEPT

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• Hylafax with serial over IP modem

  - by zero_r

  I'm looking into virtualizing a Hylafax server which currently runs on a dedicated hardware running CentOS with a Divalogic card. The main issue obviously is, how to connect the modem to the VM. There are serial over IP devices available at digi.com. Maybe there are others? Regarding digi.com devices, as far as I understood one can install the RealPort software and then have a /dev/ttySx device presented to the Linux server. This device then can be used as serial connection to the modem. Does someone have such a configuration in place? Or does someone have another idea to virtualize a Hylafax server (outbound faxes only). Thank you in advance

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• Mount cifs share anonymously

  - by churnd

  I have a Windows 2003 Server sharing out a few folders as read-only to "Everyone". The server is a domain member, so I'm not able to connect to the share on computers that aren't on the domain without passing some form of credentials. I have a linux box that I want to mount the share on at startup, so I want to put the share mountpoint in fstab. I have this setup by specifying a credentials file that is only readable by root, but I would rather either not use a credentials file or specify some guest/anonymous user. Can I do that, & if so, how?

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• Can't access to a iSCSI volume

  - by jmiguel.rodriguez

  I have a iSCSI target on a customer place I'm using from an old Fedora (Core6) server. I configured it and formatted as ext3 (mistake, now I know) and I've been working with it for some time. Now I need to access this volume from other machine. As far as I've read, I can't do it safely from two machines at the same time (yep, that's the first thing I tried). So I've umount it from original server and tried to mount it on the new server (I did it at first with Ubuntu 10 LTS but when I was unable to do it I installed another Fedora with the same configuration) with no success. The problem: I can see all target on NAS but when I do a "fdisk -l" to see all devices and know which mount I see all targets as SFS filesystem. From the original server I see all SFS (after all, they belong to my customer and don't know what he have in) except the one I manage which I see as 'Linux'. What can I do? Thank you in advanced, regards, jmiguel

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• Hide the ports in the url of a tomcat application

  - by S.M.09

  I have setup tomcat 6 on a server with several different instances which run on different ports For Eg: http://10.XXX.XXX.XXX:8080/myAPP1 http://10.XXX.XXX.XXX:8088/myAPP2 http://10.XXX.XXX.XXX:8082/myAPP3 and so on... These urls are available two the users using these and other applications Now I want to hide the ports on which each of the applications are running... So that the user could see only something like this http://10.XXX.XXX.XXX/myAPP1 http://10.XXX.XXX.XXX/myAPP2 http://10.XXX.XXX.XXX/myAPP3 What is needed to be done for this I have achieved this for one url (i.e. one port) using the firewall rules and redirect the request on HTTP 80 port to the port that tomcat is listening.. But I want such patter to appear for all the urls... How can I go about this? Specs HOST M/C : 64 bit OS: Linux Redhat Tomcat : 6.0

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• Move and clone VirtualBox machines with filesystem commands

  - by mit

  I know of 2 ways to clone a VirtualBox machine on a linux host, one is by using the VirtualBox gui and exporting and re-importing as Appliance (in the file menu of VirtualBox). The other is by cloning only the virtual disk containers: VBoxManage clonevdi source.vdi target.vdi (Taken from http://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?p=853#p858 ) I would have to create a new VM afterwards and use the cloned virtual disk. Is there a way I can just copy a virtual disk and the and do the rest by hand? I'd have to manually edit the ~/VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml and insert a new disk and a new machine: Can I just make up UUIDs or how would this work? I would very much prefer this hardcore method of doing things as it allows me to freely and rapdily backup, restore, move or clone machines. Or ist there a better way to do this?

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• How do I prevent my swf files being hotlinked, downloaded etc.

  - by undefined

  I have swf files that are embedded in a PHP page using SWFObject. These swf files are in the same directory as my PHP files. for example www.myurl.com/index.php embeds www.myurl.com/flashfile.swf, index.php and flashfile.swf are in the same directory. However I want to prevent people from being able to type in www.myurl.com/flashfile.swf and viewing the swf. I want the browser to deny access to this file unless it has been embedded by the PHP file. Should I move my swfs to another folder and protect this folder somehow - is this with the .htaccess file? I am running Apache on a linux machine. While my main concern is for swf files I would like to protect graphics used on the site too. all help appreciated thanks

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• Can I split one RAID1 partition in two?

  - by Prosys

  I have a linux box with CentOS 6.2 and a RAID1 (2x 2Tb) configuration: /dev/md1 -> / (10G) /dev/md2 -> /home (1.9T) I want to split the md2 in two different partitions, so I can get the following configuration: /dev/md1 -> / (10G) /dev/md2 -> /home (1T) /dev/md3 -> /example (900G) How can I achieve this? I already know that I can resize the partition, but that doesn't alter the real partition table (only the md device), so how can I do this?

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• Doing "text mode 'splash' game" during boot.

  - by Vi

  Sometimes I want to do something (for example, playing a simple text-mode game) while the system is booting up. This is especially useful when lengthy reiserfs transaction replays are happening. Current hacky way of doing it is: Put the program on initramfs. Before running /sbin/init, "openvt 2 /my/program". Turn off messages from kernel (sysrq 0) Override /dev/console with /dev/null (to prevent boot messages). The problems are: There are STILL some messages interfering with program output. I can't see boot messages by switching to that virtual terminal back. After finishing the boot sequence, /dev/tty2 ends up being attached both to getty and my program. How to do it properly without of running graphical splashes? The system is Linux Debian Squeeze, no dependency based sysv scripts.

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• Enlarge partition on SD card

  - by chenwj

  I have followed Cloning an SD card onto a larger SD card to clone a 2G SD card to a 32G SD card, and the file system is ext4. However, on the 32G SD card I only can see 2G space available. Is there a way to maximize it out? Here is the output of fdisk: Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32026656768 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 30543 cylinders, total 62552064 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e015a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 32 147455 73712 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb2 147456 3994623 1923584 83 Linux I want to make /dev/sdb2 use up the remaining space. I try resize2fs /dev/sdb after dd, but get message below: $ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdb resize2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. Any idea on what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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• How To Check My Current Version of FFMPEG

  - by aamiri

  I have FFMPEG installed on 2 different servers. On one of the servers, i run into an issue every time i try to convert m4v files where ffmpeg just processes the file indefinitely. When I take the same source file and try to run it on the other server it seems to work just fine. Both servers are running the same version of GNU/Linux. Some one suggested i check to see if the same version of ffmpeg is installed on the servers, so my question to you all is, "how do i check my ffmpeg version?" Thanks!

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• How do I get the current date according to an NTP server without setting it locally?

  - by Zac B

  I want to get the current date and time according to a remote NTP server, using Linux. I don't want to change the local time as a result; I just want to get the remote date, adjusted for the local time zone, printed out. The date returned must comply with the following criteria: It needs to be reasonably accurate. It needs to be adjusted for the timezone on the local system making the request. It needs to be formatted in an easily-readable or interpretable way (standard date format, or seconds since epoch). What I've Tried: I can call ntpdate -q my.ntp.server and get the offset between the local time and the server's time, but that doesn't return the date according to the NTP server; it just returns the offset and the local date. Is there some easy way/command I can use to say: "Print out the date according to a given NTP server, adjusted for my current timezone"?

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• Cannot access Nagios Web Interface

  - by Dominiqs

  After successfully installing Nagios core 3.4.1 (i also installed plug-in1.4.11) on our linux rhel 5.3 server i cannot login to the nagios web interface.I am running apache 2.2.3 I am using internet explorer 8 and also firefox 3.6.3 When i try to enter the url http//localhost/nagios/ on a desktop (on the same network as the Nagios server)it does seem to like it but if i try http//x.x.x.x/nagios/ (where x.x.x.x is the IP address of my nagios server) it likes it but then the authentication popup appears after entering the password and username(nagiosadmin) it throws the errors below The server x.x.x.x at Nagios access requires a username and password Warning this server is requesting that your username and password be sent in an insecure manner(basic authentication without a secure connection) After a few attempts i get error 401 authentication required error from internet explorer ;this server could not verify that you are authorized to access the document requested. Either you supplied the wrong credentials or your browser doesnt understand how to supply the credentials required. Help Please anyone..seems like an authentication issue

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• pine sometimes not update new received emails

  - by Tim

  Hi, I am using pine on a KUbuntu linux email server to check my emails. Most of the time when I am under "Inbox", the list of emails is updated automatically so I don't have to do things like pushing the refresh button when I am under web. But sometimes it does not and I have to type "<" to go to the upper level and then select "Inbox" to enter again into the inbox directory to find out that I do receive new emails that are not shown previously. I was wondering what the problem is? Thanks and regards!

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• Cannot find grldr in all devices

  - by blockhead

  I'm running wubi on XP machine. Started out originally with 8.04, and gradually upgraded to 10.04. Recently, I was creating linux bootable USB drive, and put it in my system to see if it would work. After booting the LiveOS, and rebooting my machine, I know get the error Cannot find grldr in all devices when booting Ubuntu. I don't know what grldr is, but I assume it is the GRUB Loader. Did booting the LiveOS screw with my MBR perhaps? How can I fix this, and if not, is it possible to reinstall wubi, without losing anything of what I have now?

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• Get name (address) of computer from which from which SSH login was made.

  - by amicitas

  After logging onto a linux machine via SSH, I would like to be able to retrieve the name of the computer from which the connection was made. Ideally I am looking for some command like hostname or uname but that would retrieve the name of the client instead of the host. This information must be accessible somewhere, since when I log on I get a message that contains the clinent name from the last login: Last login: Thu Mar 11 18:42:01 2010 from my.address.com The reason for wanting to do this is to be able to take different action in my .login file depending on which computer I am using for connection is from.

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