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• Software cost estimation

  - by David Conde

  I've seen on my work place (a University) most students making the software estimation cost of their final diploma work using COCOMO. My guessing is that this way of estimating costs is somewhat old (COCOMO dates of 1981), hence my question: How do you estimate costs in your software? I've seen things like : Cost = ( HoursOfWork + EstimatedIddle ) * HourlyRate That's not what I want, I'm looking for a properly (scientifically) defined cost model EDIT I've found some related questions on SO: What are some of the software cost estimation methods and models? How do you estimate the cost of developing software requirements?

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• Inheritance vs composition in this example

  - by Gerenuk

  I'm wondering about the differences between inheritance and composition examined with concrete code relevant arguments. In particular my example was Inheritance: class Do: def do(self): self.doA() self.doB() def doA(self): pass def doB(self): pass class MyDo(Do): def doA(self): print("A") def doB(self): print("B") x=MyDo() vs Composition: class Do: def __init__(self, a, b): self.a=a self.b=b def do(self): self.a.do() self.b.do() x=Do(DoA(), DoB()) (Note for composition I'm missing code so it's not actually shorter) Can you name particular advantages of one or the other? I'm think of: composition is useful if you plan to reuse DoA() in another context inheritance seems easier; no additional references/variables/initialization method doA can access internal variable (be it a good or bad thing :) ) inheritance groups logic A and B together; even though you could equally introduce a grouped delegate object inheritance provides a preset class for the users; with composition you'd have to encapsule the initialization in a factory so that the user does have to assemble the logic and the skeleton ... Basically I'd like to examine the implications of inheritance vs composition. I heard often composition is prefered, but I'd like to understand that by example. Of course I can always start with one and refactor later to the other.

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• Help me understand a part of Java Language Specification

  - by Software Engeneering Learner

  I'm reading part 17.2.1 of Java language specification: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-17.html#jls-17.2.1 I won't copy a text, it's too long, but I would like to know, why for third step of sequence they're saying that If thread t was removed from m's wait set in step 2 due to an interrupt Thread couldn't get to step 2 it wasn't removed from wait set, because it written for the step 1: Thread t does not execute any further instructions until it has been removed from m's wait set Thus thread can't be removed from wait set in step 2 whatever it's due to, because it was already removed. Please help me understand this.

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• Overlap of the variable in mysql, my column are set to my query result

  - by foodil

  The question is not clear , let me clarify it: try{ $sql = ' SELECT UserID <==== (***********Used here for query ******) FROM user WHERE Rights != ?'; $stmt = $conn->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute(array('admin')); $result= $stmt->fetchAll(); } catch(PDOException $e) { die ($e->getMessage().'<a href="add.php"> Back</a>'); } foreach ($result as $set) { if ($set['UserID']==$_SESSION['username']) $rights='edit'; else {$rights=$_POST[$set['UserID']];} if (($rights != 'default' || $set['UserID']==$_SESSION['username']) && $_POST['public']==0 ) { $user=$set['UserID']; try { $query="INSERT INTO user_list(UserID <==== (***********Used here for insert ******),ListID,UserRights) VALUES ($user,$lastID,$rights)"; $stmt = $conn->prepare($query); $stmt->execute(); } catch(PDOException $e) { die ($e->getMessage().'<a href="add.php"> Back</a>'); $conn->rollBack(); } } } As you can see the UserID is a query result but it is also the column i need to insert, so when i insert into the table it will casued an error SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'UserA_ID' in 'field list' because the column is modify by my query result from: $query="INSERT INTO user_list(UserID,ListID,UserRights) VALUES ($user,$lastID,$rights)"; to: $query="INSERT INTO user_list(query_result_id,ListID,UserRights) VALUES ($user,$lastID,$rights)"; How to fix it ?Thank you.

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• Finding links among many written and spoken thoughts

  - by Peter Fren

  So... I am using a digital voice recorder to record anything I see important, ranging from business to private, from rants to new business ideas. Every finalized idea is one wma-file. I wrote a program to sort the wma-files into folders. From time to time I listen to the wma-files, convert them to text(manually) and insert them into a mindmap with mindmanager, which I sort hierarchically by area and type in turn. This works very well, no idea is being lost, when I am out of ideas for a special topic, I listen to what I said and can get started again. What could a search system look like that finds links between thoughts(written in the mindmap and in the wma files) or in general gives me good search results even when the keyword I searched for is not present but a synonym of it or related topic(for instance flower should output entries containing orchid aswell, even if they contain orchid but not the very keyword flower). I prefer something ready-made but small adjustments to a given system are fine aswell. How would you approach this task?

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• How do I include Implementation and Usage Documentation in one file

  - by Angelo.Hannes

  There are two types of documentation. One type, the Implementation Documentation, contains information about specific implementation of a construct (eg. Class, Method, etc.). It is targeted to the future me, maintainer, debugger and so on. And there is Usage Documentation, containing information how to use a provided api. It does not contain information about specific implementation and is targeted to users of the api. How do I include both of them in one file? (Or do I include both of them in one file? And if not, what type belongs into the source file?) Are there special techniques, using java-doc and/or best practices?

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• How to handle editing a large file for a non-technical user

  - by Luke

  I have a client who is given a tab delimited .txt file containing hundreds of thousands of rows. I have a user story as follows: As a user I want to take the text file and add a new value at the end of each line which contains the concatenated value of two of the columns. for example if the file read text_one text_two I need to output the following (preferably to a .txt file) text_one text_two text_onetext_two My first approach was to ask the vendor supplying the file to do the concatenation before providing the file, the easiest way to solve a problem is to eliminate it right? however they are very uncooperative and have point blank refused. I've looked at building a simple javascript application that does this client side so a non-technical user could select the file using a file selector. This approach has a few problems The file could be over a GB in size and so can't be loaded straight into memory, I've tried and the browser crashes There is no means to write a file in javascript so I'd need to output the content to the screen and have the user save it (somehow) I was thinking if I could get around the filesize limitations I could just output the edited content to the page and have the user save the page as a .txt file, however I think there is a better way than using javascript that will still accommodate the users lack of technical know-how. Please consider this question to be stack agnostic, but bear in mind that a nice little shell script or python script would be deemed unsuitable for a non technical user unless there is a way of "packaging" it nicely for a non-technical user. Updates The file is too large to open in excel. The process needs to be run weekly, but it doesn't require scheduling or automation...(yet)

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• How do you KISS?

  - by Conor

  The KISS principle is a highly quoted design mantra. The aim of this principle is to stamp out unnecessary complexity on a project. This is a good thing, saving time, energy and money. It can lead to a relatively stress free implementation and a simple, elegant, maintainable end product. A lot of discussion on KISS provides mechanisms to simplify requirements, design and implementation. Things that spring to mind include: avoid scope creep; simple obvious design and code; minimal run-time dependencies; refactoring to maintain simplicity; etc. However there are a lot of implicit things that we do to KISS. Examples: small team sizes; minimal management layers; tidy desk; mastery of a single IDE; clear concise error messages; scripts to automate/encapsulate tasks; etc Why KISS practices do you apply? How have they been of benefit? I'm especially interested in non-obvious practices.

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• How would I go about measuring the impact an article has on the internet?

  - by Jimbo Mombasa

  For an application of mine, I analyze the sentiment of articles, using NLTK, to display sentiment trends. But right now all articles weigh the same amount. This does not show a very accurate picture because some articles have a higher impact on the internet than others. For example, a blog post from some unknown blog should not weigh the same amount as an article from the New York Times. How can I determine their impact?

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• Which is the most practical way to add functionality to this piece of code?

  - by Adam Arold

  I'm writing an open source library which handles hexagonal grids. It mainly revolves around the HexagonalGrid and the Hexagon class. There is a HexagonalGridBuilder class which builds the grid which contains Hexagon objects. What I'm trying to achieve is to enable the user to add arbitrary data to each Hexagon. The interface looks like this: public interface Hexagon extends Serializable { // ... other methods not important in this context <T> void setSatelliteData(T data); <T> T getSatelliteData(); } So far so good. I'm writing another class however named HexagonalGridCalculator which adds some fancy pieces of computation to the library like calculating the shortest path between two Hexagons or calculating the line of sight around a Hexagon. My problem is that for those I need the user to supply some data for the Hexagon objects like the cost of passing through a Hexagon, or a boolean flag indicating whether the object is transparent/passable or not. My question is how should I implement this? My first idea was to write an interface like this: public interface HexagonData { void setTransparent(boolean isTransparent); void setPassable(boolean isPassable); void setPassageCost(int cost); } and make the user implement it but then it came to my mind that if I add any other functionality later all code will break for those who are using the old interface. So my next idea is to add annotations like @PassageCost, @IsTransparent and @IsPassable which can be added to fields and when I'm doing the computation I can look for the annotations in the satelliteData supplied by the user. This looks flexible enough if I take into account the possibility of later changes but it uses reflection. I have no benchmark of the costs of using annotations so I'm a bit in the dark here. I think that in 90-95% of the cases the efficiency is not important since most users wont't use a grid where this is significant but I can imagine someone trying to create a grid with a size of 5.000.000.000 X 5.000.000.000. So which path should I start walking on? Or are there some better alternatives? Note: These ideas are not implemented yet so I did not pay too much attention to good names.

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• Should I be worried if I solve a lot of my problems the same way?

  - by Bryan Harrington

  I really enjoy programming games and puzzle creators/games. I find myself engineering a lot of these problems the same way and ultimately using similar technique to program them that I'm really comfortable with. To give you brief insight, I like to create graphs where nodes are represented with objects. These object hold data such as coordinates, positions and of course references to other neighboring objects. I'll place them all in a data structure and make decisions on this information in a "game loop". While this is a brief example, its not exact in all situations. It's just one way I feel really comfortable with. Is this bad?

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• Application layer vs domain layer?

  - by Louis Rhys

  I am reading Domain-Driven Design by Evans and I am at the part discussing the layered architecture. I just realized that application and domain layers are different and should be separate. In the project I am working on, they are kind of blended and I can't tell the difference until I read the book (and I can't say it's very clear to me now), really. My questions, since both of them concerns the logic of the application and are supposed to be clean of technical and presentation aspects, what are the advantages of drawing a boundary these two?

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• Why is the sudden increase in number of Git submitters on Debian popcorn graph in 2010-01?

  - by Jungle Hunter

  Almost every article I've read 1 comparing Git and Mercurial it seems like Mercurial has a better command line UX with each command being limited to one idea only (unlike say git checkout). But at some point Git suddenly became looking super popular and number of Git submitters on Debian popcorn graph (see graph image below) literally exploded. Source: Debian What happened in 2010-01 that things suddenly changed. Looks like GitHub was founded earlier than that - 2008.

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• What follows after lexical analysis?

  - by madflame991

  I'm working on a toy compiler (for some simple language like PL/0) and I have my lexer up and running. At this point I should start working on building the parse tree, but before I start I was wondering: How much information can one gather from just the string of tokens? Here's what I gathered so far: One can already do syntax highlighting having only the list of tokens. Numbers and operators get coloured accordingly and keywords also. Autoformatting (indenting) should also be possible. How? Specify for each token type how many white spaces or new line characters should follow it. Also when you print tokens modify an alignment variable (when the code printer reads "{" increment the alignment variable by 1, and decrement by 1 for "}". Whenever it starts printing on a new line the code printer will align according to this alignment variable) In languages without nested subroutines one can get a complete list of subroutines and their signature. How? Just read what follows after the "procedure" or "function" keyword until you hit the first ")" (this should work fine in a Pascal language with no nested subroutines) In languages like Pascal you can even determine local variables and their types, as they are declared in a special place (ok, you can't handle initialization as well, but you can parse sequences like: "var a, b, c: integer") Detection of recursive functions may also be possible, or even a graph representation of which subroutine calls who. If one can identify the body of a function then one can also search if there are any mentions of other function's names. Gathering statistics about the code, like number of lines, instructions, subroutines EDIT: I clarified why I think some processes are possible. As I read comments and responses I realise that the answer depends very much on the language that I'm parsing.

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• Evolution of mainstream programming languages: simplicity versus complexity.

  - by Giorgio

  I had posted this question on http://stackoverflow.com but I was suggested that it may be more appropriate to post it on this forum. I did a quick search on this site and it seems to me that this question has not been asked yet. Please give me a hint if the topic has been raised already by someone else. Update I have rephrased this question, removed personal opinions and made it shorter. I hope in this way it is better suited for this forum. By looking at the recent development of Java (Java 7) and C++ (C++0x) I see that new features are added to these languages. For sure this makes it easier to use certain programming idioms, adding to the productivity of developers. On the other hand, there might be the following risks A language becomes too big, complex, and difficult to understand. It lacks coherence in the design, e.g. if it mixes different paradigms like object-orientation and functional programming, which might not fit well together. Questions: what is more important to you as a developer: to have a rich language that captures a large collection of programming idioms or to have a small language that aims at coherence and simplicity (of course, with a good deal of libraries and tools accompanying it)? Or is it possible to have both? With respect to these issues: How do you judge the current evolutions of main-stream programming languages like Java or C++? Are they becoming too complex, less intuitive? Do they have enough features? Do they need more? Are they still easy enough to understand and use?

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• Working with a company as a Junior Developer [closed]

  - by user1601973

  We all have started our careers in some way or other. Well, I am a college student based in North America & I am doing my second internship with the same company with which I did my first internship. I came back here because people here were helpful always and supportive. But it just happened today, and I wanted to share this on SO. Well since I started I have been doing documentation and that kind of stuff only as compared to my first internship in which I actually worked along with the developers & learned so many things. Well, I was in a conversation with my Team lead, and he asked me if I completed that particular work or not? Well, That particular work had slipped from my mind. He was indeed I kind of pissed, and said "You don't have to worry about it, I will figure out". Well, I felt so bad and was about to literally cry. I stopped my lunch and then went on to complete that work. I always ask for work in office, and I always try to be an asset for whoever I am working but this was the first time that it happened. What are your thoughts on this and should I apologise or not? I think I should.

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• Introducing a (new) test method to a team

  - by Jon List

  A couple of months ago i was hired in a new job. (I'm fresh out of my Masters in software engineering) The company mainly consists of ERP consultants, but I was hired in their fairly small web department (6 developers), our main task is ERP/ecom integration (ERP-integrated web shops). The department is growing, and recently my manager asked me to start thinking about introducing tests to the team, i love a challenge, but frankly I'm a bit scared (I'm the least experience member of the team). Currently the method of testing is clicking around in the web shop and asking the customer if the products are there, if they look okay, and if orders are posted correctly to the ERP. We are getting a lot of support cases on previous projects, where a customer or a customer's customer have run into errors, which - i suppose - is why my manager wants more structured testing. Off the top of my head, I though of some (obvious?) improvements, like looking at the requirement specification, having an issue tracker, enabling team members to register their time on a "tests"-line on the budget, and to circulate tasks amongst members of the team. But as i see it we have three main challenges: general website testing. (javascript, C#, ASP.NET and CMS integration tests) (live) ERP integration testing (customers rarely want to pay for test environments). adopting a method in the team I like the responsibility, but I am afraid that I'm in a little bit over my head. I expect that my manager expects me to set up some kind of workshop for the team where I present some techniques and ideas and where we(the team) can find some solutions together. What I learned in school was mostly unit testing and program verification, not so much testing across multiple systems and applications. What I'm looking for here, is references/advice/pointers/anecdotes; anything that might help me to get smarter and to improve the current method of my team. Thanks!! (TL;DR: read the bold parts)

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• How do you encode Algebraic Data Types in a C#- or Java-like language?

  - by Jörg W Mittag

  There are some problems which are easily solved by Algebraic Data Types, for example a List type can be very succinctly expressed as: data ConsList a = Empty | ConsCell a (ConsList a) consmap f Empty = Empty consmap f (ConsCell a b) = ConsCell (f a) (consmap f b) l = ConsCell 1 (ConsCell 2 (ConsCell 3 Empty)) consmap (+1) l This particular example is in Haskell, but it would be similar in other languages with native support for Algebraic Data Types. It turns out that there is an obvious mapping to OO-style subtyping: the datatype becomes an abstract base class and every data constructor becomes a concrete subclass. Here's an example in Scala: sealed abstract class ConsList[+T] { def map[U](f: T => U): ConsList[U] } object Empty extends ConsList[Nothing] { override def map[U](f: Nothing => U) = this } final class ConsCell[T](first: T, rest: ConsList[T]) extends ConsList[T] { override def map[U](f: T => U) = new ConsCell(f(first), rest.map(f)) } val l = (new ConsCell(1, new ConsCell(2, new ConsCell(3, Empty))) l.map(1+) The only thing needed beyond naive subclassing is a way to seal classes, i.e. a way to make it impossible to add subclasses to a hierarchy. How would you approach this problem in a language like C# or Java? The two stumbling blocks I found when trying to use Algebraic Data Types in C# were: I couldn't figure out what the bottom type is called in C# (i.e. I couldn't figure out what to put into class Empty : ConsList< ??? >) I couldn't figure out a way to seal ConsList so that no subclasses can be added to the hierarchy What would be the most idiomatic way to implement Algebraic Data Types in C# and/or Java? Or, if it isn't possible, what would be the idiomatic replacement?

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• using a wiki for requirements

  - by apollodude217

  Hi, I'm looking into ways of improving requirements management. Currently, we have a Word document published on a Web site. Unfortunately, we cannot (to my knowledge) look at changes from one revision to the next. I would greatly prefer to be able to do so, much like with a wiki or VCS (or both, like the wiki's on bitbucket!). Also, each document describes changes devs are expected to meet by a given deadline. There is no collection of accumulated app features documented anywhere, so it's sometimes hard to distinguish between a bug and a (poorly-designed) feature when trying to make quick fixes to legacy apps. So I had an idea I wanted to get feedback on. What about: Using a wiki so that we can track who changed what when (mostly to even see if any edits were made since the last time one looked). Having one, say, wiki page per product rather than one per deadline, keeping up with all features of the product rather than the changes that should be implemented. This way, I can look at a particular revision of the page to see what the app should do at a given point in time, and I can look at changes to the page since the last release for the requirements to be implemented by the next deadline. Waddayathink?

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• Need suggestion for Mutiple Windows application design

  - by King Chan

  This was previously posted in StackOverflow, I just moved to here... I am using VS2008, MVVM, WPF, Prism to make a mutiple window CRM Application. I am using MidWinow in my MainWindow, I want Any ViewModel would able to make request to MainWindow to create/add/close MidChildWindow, ChildWindow(from WPF Toolkit), Window (the Window type). ViewModel can get the DialogResult from the ChildWindow its excutes. MainWindow have control on all opened window types. Here is my current approach: I made Dictionary of each of the windows type and stores them into MainWindow class. For 1, i.e in a CustomerInformationView, its CustomerInformationViewModel can execute EditCommand and use EventAggregator to tell MainWindow to open a new ChildWindow. CustomerInformationViewModel: CustomerEditView ceView = new CustomerEditView (); CustomerEditViewModel ceViewModel = CustomerEditViewModel (); ceView.DataContext = ceViewModel; ChildWindow cWindow = new ChildWindow(); cWindow.Content = ceView; MainWindow.EvntAggregator.GetEvent<NewWindowEvent>().Publish(new WindowEventArgs(ceViewModel.ViewModeGUID, cWindow )); cWindow.Show(); Notice that all my ViewModel will generates a Guid for help identifies the ChildWindow from MainWindow's dictionary. Since I will only be using 1 View 1 ViewModel for every Window. For 2. In CustomerInformationViewModel I can get DialogResult by OnClosing event from ChildWindow, in CustomerEditViewModel can use Guid to tell MainWindow to close the ChildWindow. Here is little question and problems: Is it good idea to use Guid here? Or should I use HashKey from ChildWindow? My MainWindows contains windows reference collections. So whenever window close, it will get notifies to remove from the collection by OnClosing event. But all the Windows itself doesn't know about its associated Guid, so when I remove it, I have to search for every KeyValuePair to compares... I still kind of feel wrong associate ViewModel's Guid for ChildWindow, it would make more sense if ChildWindow has it own ID then ViewModel associate with it... But most important, is there any better approach on this design? How can I improve this better?

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• Actor library / framework for C++

  - by Giorgio

  In the C++ project I am working for we would like to use something like Scala actors and remote actors (see e.g. this tutorial). Being able to use remote actors (actors living in different processes, possibly on different machines and communicating via TCP/IP) has higher priority for us because we have an application consisting of several processes deployed on different machines. Being able to use several actors living in the same process (possibly different threads) is also interesting, but has lower priority for the moment. On wikipedia I have found some links to actor libraries for C++ and I have started to look at Theron. Before I dive too deep into the details and build an extended example with Theron, I wanted to ask if anybody has experience with any of these libraries and which one they would recommend.

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• Should data structures be integrated into the language (as in Python) or be provided in the standard library (as in Java)?

  - by Anto

  In Python, and most likely many other programming languages, common data structures can be found as an integrated part of the core language with their own dedicated syntax. If we put LISP's integrated list syntax aside, I can't think of any other languages that I know which provides some kind of data structure above the array as an integrated part of their syntax, though all of them (but C, I guess) seem to provide them in the standard library. From a language design perspective, what are your opinions on having a specific syntax for data structures in the core language? Is it a good idea, and does the purpose of the language (etc.) change how good this could be of a choice? Edit: I'm sorry for (apparently) causing some confusion about which data structures I mean. I talk about the basic and commonly used ones, but still not the most basic ones. This excludes trees (too complex, uncommon), stacks (too seldom used), arrays (too simple) but includes e.g. sets, lists and hashmaps.

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• Confused about javascript module pattern implementation

  - by Damon

  I have a class written on a project I'm working on that I've been told is using the module pattern, but it's doing things a little differently than the examples I've seen. It basically takes this form: (function ($, document, window, undefined) { var module = { foo : bar, aMethod : function (arg) { className.bMethod(arg); }, bMethod : function (arg) { console.log('spoons'); } }; window.ajaxTable = ajaxTable; })(jQuery, document, window); I get what's going on here. But I'm not sure how this relates to most of the definitions I've seen of the module (or revealing?) module pattern. like this one from briancray var module = (function () { // private variables and functions var foo = 'bar'; // constructor var module = function () { }; // prototype module.prototype = { constructor: module, something: function () { } }; // return module return module; })(); var my_module = new module(); Is the first example basically like the second except everything is in the constructor? I'm just wrapping my head around patterns and the little things at the beginnings and endings always make me not sure what I should be doing.

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• Carrer path as Java developer for non Btech or BCA background graduate [closed]

  - by Piyush Jolly

  My name is Piyush and I'm a graduate in Bsc. multimedia. Now I'm planing to learn JAVA and take it as my carrier and there are few things I'm really worried about:- 1)Does the industry accepts graduates from Non-it background. 2)Because my course was all about 3D Animation nothing like software programing was taught to us and I have been doing programing in c from long time just because i liked it so now i want to purse my carrier as programmer. 3)From where should I learn, which Institute should I refer to who teaches the Java from the basic. 4)What kind of jobs I can expect after the completion of the course. I'm from Delhi. Any help will be much appreciated. Regards Piyush Jolly

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• How to coach a developer with dyslexia to improve his spelling and grammar capabilities?

  - by Uwe Keim

  Just having read this question regarding developers with dyslexia, I still have some open questions on how to deal with it: I am working on a project sinc approx. 6 month with a new developer who just finished university. I see that the code quality is high, what he's missing is the ability to write texts (even short ones) in an error-free manner (both, syntax and grammar errors). He is working on some UI stuff (VS.NET 2010, ASP.NET 4) and, beside coding, has to write short text for labels, buttons, grid view headers, page titles, etc. Since even those texts have errors inside, no matter how much I try to discuss the need for a professional, text-error-free UI, he seems to not manage to get this right, although he really tries. So my questions are: Are there any hints how he (or I) should proceed to enhance the text quality? Do you know any tools (like inline spell checkers) for VS.NET to highlight syntax and grammar errors? (We are working on a German-only UI, if this is important to know)

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