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• LAN full of public ipv4 addresses - How to filter it?

  - by sparc86

  The answer to my question maybe is not that hard but anyways, I do not know what to do. So, I just got in a new job in a Univerisity and I found out that the network (the LAN) is full of public IP addresses. Seriously, the whole LAN (probably more than 150 hosts) has it' own internet IP address and I don't know how to manage it. I have a very good experience using iptables (Linux firewall) in a NAT'ed environment. But then how should I proceed in an environment where all my LAN is working with a bunch of public IP addresses? Should I just use the "forward" rules and ignore the NAT rules or is there any other issue in such environment which I should take care? Can I add a firewall between the router and the LAN in order to produce packet filtering for these public IP addresses in my LAN or will this just not work? Thanks!

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• minimum required bandwidth for remote database server

  - by user66734

  I want to build a small warehousing application for my company. We have a central warehouse which distributes to 8 sales points across the country. They insist on an in-house solution. I am thinking to setup a central mySQL db Linux server and have the branches connect to it to store sales. Queries to the db from the branches will be minimum, maybe 10 per hour. However I need all the branches to be able to store each sale data ( product ID, customer ID ) in the central db at peak time at most once every five minutes. My question is can I get away with simple 24mbps/768kbps DSL lines? If not what is the bandwith requirement? Can I rely on a load balancing router to combine additional lines if needed? Can you propose some server hardware specs?

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• enable tcp_syncookies even after reboot

  - by Tim

  I'm running Scientific Linux 6.1 and would like to set net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1. I've set that in /etc/sysctl.conf and, if I do a sysctl -p then sysctl -q net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies it shows it's properly set. Sadly, if I reboot the machine, and sysctl -q again, it goes back to 0. I've tried to grep around and see if something else is resetting it to 0 during the boot process but haven't turned up anything. I've googled and everything points to sysctl.conf. The only thing I can think of is maybe networking isn't up by the time that file gets read but, honestly, I'm a developer and well beyond my natural skills here:) I'm tempted to just set it directly in /etc/init.d/network but then that feels hackish and so, I thought better of it and I'm here in search of the "right" way to do it. Any pointers?

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• cd ~ dumps me in a seemingly empty directory

  - by Davidos

  This is on a Linux mint box. I'm told everywhere to use the command cd ~ To switch to the root directory before doing some command line magic. For some reason though, it dumps me in a directory named ~ where ls gives nothing and I can't get back to my home directory; I have to restart the terminal session to get out of the empty root directory. I'm positive that everything is just hidden to me, but even as a super-user I can't get the folders to show themselves. I usually just fall back to using a graphical file browser to roam those forbidden files, but I've recently just been shut out of my root directory, and the machine refuses to allow me to change the permissions on the stupid thing even when I type the root password in. It may just be some over-rigorous end-user shielding on the part of the mint team, but it's getting to be really frustrating now.

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• what are the following keyboard shortcuts in a terminal?

  - by kloop

  I am trying to figure out a few keyboard shortcuts in a terminal in mac osx (and Linux): In the command line: go to the next word go to the previous word go to the end of the line go to the beginning of the line This will make it easier to change commands.. Right now, I am using the left/right arrow keys, which is time consuming. I used bind -p as suggested below. EDIT: What do the following key bindings mean? "\e\e[D": backward-word "\e[1;5D": backward-word "\e[5D": backward-word "\eb": backward-word and: "\e\e[C": forward-word "\e[1;5C": forward-word "\e[5C": forward-word "\ef": forward-word

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• Running Debian as a Virtual Machine Host

  - by Tone

  I have a need to run a linux server to host subversion, bugzilla over Apache and also act as a file and print server. I also have a need to host Windows Server 2008 virtual machines for development purposes (I'm a .NET guy). The machine I have is a dual core AMD 2.5 Ghz w/2GB RAM. So here are my questions: 1) Should I run Debian (or some other distro) as the base AND create a Debian VM to host subversion, bugzilla and be my file/print server? or is it ok to use Debian as both my VM host and for those other reasons? 2) VMWare has a free server edition, Virtual Box also is another free option. Which one of these is better suited for what I need to do? Are there any other free (or inexpensive) alternatives out there? 3) Will I need a GUI with Debian in order to manage my VMs? 4) Can I run VMs without a GUI to conserve system resources?

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• Installing Ubuntu on an External Drive

  - by Dom

  I am trying to install ububtu on an external drive. I am a programmer who wants to start using Linux. I downloaded the usb installer from the ubuntu website and followed all the steps. But when I get to the part where I have to setup the partitioning, it says an error when moving forward "No root file system is defined". I've been doing some research and I think that I have to partition the external drive but do not know how to do so. The problem is that I only want 20gb used from that external drive and let the rest be used for storage. I am also a musician and use Pro tools so I would like to keep all my files there, but I dont want ubuntu on my main hardrive since the external one is portable. I'd appreciate it also if you could provide me the steps.

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• Preparing a hyper-v VM image

  - by Anteru

  We have a Hyper-V Windows Server 2k3, and we're hosting multiple VMs on it. However, right now, we always start the VM creation right on the server, i.e. when preparing a new Ubuntu image, I just install it into a new VM and set it up and when I'm happy we store the disk image. I wonder if there is a way to prepare a hyper-v image locally on my desktop machine instead? I'm running Windows 7, and I would love to be able to set up a VM so that we can copy the image over to the server and be done with it. This is for linux images only, and we definitely need the hyperv network integration. Is there a recommended way how to prepare hyperv images without running a hyperv instance somewhere?

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• Clients can make maximum only 15 connections to ubuntu custom server

  - by gtan

  I have a custom server in C# being run on Ubuntu 9 under mono. I can make up to 15 silverlight clients connect to the server. When I make the 16th, it just waits. And if I close one of the established connections, the 16th client is able to connect. I am making the connections from one machine. I am also not exceeding any file handle limit. The limit is 1024 and I am having around 300. Any ideas how to make more connections? Also why the number 15? Is it something linux-specific? EDIT: I have run the same server on an Ubuntu 11.10 virtual machine and was able to make more than 15 connections. I presume it's a configuration problem on the Ubuntu 9 machine then. Any help on that?

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• Best 'free' option for alert notifications other than email/SMS

  - by Eureka Ikara

  Looking for a Linux script solution that can send alerts to a service such as Twitter, Skype or Google Talk and sends to Android and iPhone clients. Have found twurl for Twitter with previous Bash scripts using curl no longer supported. But twurl looks promising. But haven't seen how to get Android Twitter client to make a distinctive sound when a tweet arrives. Found some info about Skype4Py from several years ago that supports Skype Chats. But doesn't look like it is currently supported. Have tried a few CLI clients for XMPP/Google Talk including xmpp4r-simple and freetalk, but found xmpp4r-simple buggy and freetalk succeeded in sending one chat message, but most never arrived. Whatever is used needs to support Android and iPhone clients. Reason why email is problematic is that Gmail gets very upset when emails start flooding in every minute as a result of alerts. Any suggestions?

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• who deleted my files?

  - by akalter

  I have some linux servers. On two of our server we have MySQL. We have daily backup on both machine. But the scripts are different. I saw both scripts. On one of them I saw the "delete older files" algorithm, but in the other this is happening but not from the script. I am trying to discover who deletes my files, because of that I want to use same script on both machine because of that in the script with the deletion I also copy the files to the another server, and I want to do that in both servers. Who have an idea who deleted my older backups? Thank you!

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• How do I prevent my swf files being hotlinked, downloaded etc.

  - by undefined

  I have swf files that are embedded in a PHP page using SWFObject. These swf files are in the same directory as my PHP files. for example www.myurl.com/index.php embeds www.myurl.com/flashfile.swf, index.php and flashfile.swf are in the same directory. However I want to prevent people from being able to type in www.myurl.com/flashfile.swf and viewing the swf. I want the browser to deny access to this file unless it has been embedded by the PHP file. Should I move my swfs to another folder and protect this folder somehow - is this with the .htaccess file? I am running Apache on a linux machine. While my main concern is for swf files I would like to protect graphics used on the site too. all help appreciated thanks

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• What is the best way to shutdown hard disk?

  - by Sunil

  Right Now I'm using hdparm command in unix to shut down the hard disk but there are few issues with it. when it wakes back up it consumes lots power. Is there any other way to do it? Many times when I put my hard disk to sleep, I can see few bursts at the beginning and then after a while it goes to sleep. I think its because of the journaling system in ubuntu (which I use) Have anybody encountered that? What would be the best linux/unix operating system (eg: ubuntu/centos/redhat) to work on extensive hard disk operations? I would highly appreciate if you could share the problems you encountered while doing this operation.

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• Is it possible to have Grub2's boot.img in the MBR and have it load core.img from a separate boot partition?

  - by wesley

  I have a multiboot system that I would like to use Grub to manage. The version of Grub shipping with my Linux distro is Grub2, and it installs its equivalent of stage 1.5-2, core.img, into the remaining sectors on the first track after the MBR but before the first partition. Unfortunately, those sectors are needed by another program. I have a separate primary /boot partition. If I could only keep boot.img as my MBR but have it look in the /boot partition for core.img rather than the embedded one in the sectors immediately following the MBR, everything would work fine. Is this possible with grub2?

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• Mystery process crashing machine by using all of the RAM - how to identify?

  - by wd40

  I have a Linux machine which runs ~10 in house written processes. Every other day(!) the machine completely runs out of RAM, goes into swap and becomes unresponsive. This happens quickly over a period of a couple of seconds, so it's not feasible to sit watching the machine until it dies. It's a sudden leak, not a gradual one, so top(1) doesn't give any indications something bad may about to happen. What is the best way of identifying which process(es) are causing the trouble?

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• rsync stuck with the --checksum option

  - by billc.cn

  I use back-in-time to backup my Linux installation. It serves as an advanced wrapper for the rsync command. Today I tried to add /var/log to the list of folders to be backed up and it caused some serious performance problems. The job seems to stuck on a particular file and the CPU usage of the rsync parent process reaches 100%. I then used lsof to see which file caused the problem and it seems to be the /var/log directory. I did some googling and some experiments with the different rsync options and found --checksum to be the offender. Without the parameter, an incremental backup finishes properly in minutes. With it, the process will stuck when rsync tries to sync a constantly changing log file. This kind of make sense, but it still seems to be a bug to me. Am I using the option correctly? Is there a workaround for this?

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• I suspect that my HDD is causing hardlocks, as all other components have been replaced. How can I check this theory and solve the potential cause?

  - by user867814

  I have had this problem over quite a while now, thorough multiple Linux kernel versions and distributions, as well as replacement of all components, aside from my main HDD - RAM, GPU(twice), mother board, CPU, power supply. What happens is, at one point during the operation of the PC, it will hardlock - everything stops working, external HDD is not shut down correctly and continues to spin until I plug it out and in, there are no system/kernel logs of any kind, and no otherwise nothing that would suggest a cause. Another reason for my suspicion is that the failures happen almost exclusively during HDD read/write activity - shutdown(happens nearly 1/3 of the time so far, it's only been few days though), launching programs, and once during operation of apt. I hope the post is descriptive enough, if you need any additional info, ask(and tell me how to prepare/obtain it), and I will provide. If I'm wrong, point me in the right direction. Thanks in advance.

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• Keyboard no longer works when entering BIOS

  - by Tommy

  I am trying to boot from USB so I can install a couple different Linux distros. I can enter the BIOS, but as soon as I enter the BIOS the keyboard lights switch off (Num Lock and Caps Lock) and I cannot use the keyboard to do anything in the BIOS or even exit or restart the PC using Ctrl+Alt+Del or do anything at all with the keyboard. But as soon as I boot back into Windows, everything is fine... I've never had this problem before and some Googling hasn't helped. I've tried using a few other keyboards and simply unplugging/replugging the keyboards, but it didn't work. Is there anything I can do in Windows to maybe find out why the keyboard isn't working in the BIOS screen? In the Device Manager, all the drivers are up to date and there are no conflicts.

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• I installed XAMPP on Ubuntu, and its running without any of its files.

  - by CDeanMartin

  I installed XAMPP on Ubuntu, and its running without any of its files. Well, not really, but it sure seems that way. I followed the directions on the Apache Friends website to the letter. XAMPP works fine, it's sample apps run like a charm. But I have no idea how it is running. The installation should have created an otf folder, or a XAMPP folder, or an htdoc file according to the tutorials. But there is no trace of any of these files or folders anywhere in the file browser. Are there any linux utilities as good as the Windows Explorer that can find my missing files? I particularly need to find the var/www folder to put my .php files in.

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• kernel 2.6.36 not booting

  - by Saumitra

  Hi, I m a newbie to kernel programming. I am trying to boot the kernel 2.6.36 on my ECG machine.It was working perfectly on 2.6.33.2. It is getting stuck on this step: ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 81000000 ... Image Name: Created: 2010-12-27 5:55:56 UTC Image Type: MIPS Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed) Data Size: 1974278 Bytes = 1.9 MB Load Address: 80100000 Entry Point: 80104730 Verifying Checksum ... OK Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK Starting kernel ... After this the system either resets or it hangs. I have also checked the configuration & set it properly.Please let me know.

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• How to NFSv4 share a ZFS file system on FreeBSD?

  - by Sandra

  Using FreeBSD 9, and created a ZFS file system like so zfs create tank/project1 zfs set sharenfs=on tank/project1 There are many howto's on setting up NFSv3 on FreeBSD on the net, but I can't find any one NFSv4 and when the NFS share is done with ZFS. E.g. this howto say I have to restart the (NFSv3) by nfsd -u -t -n 4, but I don't even have nfsd. When I do # echo /usr/ports/*/*nfs* /usr/ports/net-mgmt/nfsen /usr/ports/net/nfsshell /usr/ports/net/pcnfsd /usr/ports/net/unfs3 /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-chironfs /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-funionfs /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-unionfs # I don't see any NFSv4 servers, which I could install with pkg_add. Question How do I install and setup NFSv4, so I can mount the share from e.g. a Linux host?

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• Debian - no sound output

  - by Gogeta70

  So I've been trying for the last few days to get sound output on my Linux desktop. The onboard audio is Intel HD Audio ICH9, but I couldn't get Alsa to even detect it, so I disabled it in BIOS and installed a PCI card - a Dynex DX-SC51. Searching around, I found that it needed the Alsa driver for ice1724, so I installed all the stuff for that. Now, the system detects my sound card, but I can't get any audio to play out of it. Here's some information: root@debian:~# lspci | grep audio 02:01.0 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies Inc. VT1720/24 [Envy24PT/HT] PCI Multi-Channel Audio Controller (rev 01) root@debian:~# aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: ICE1724 [ICEnsemble ICE1724], device 0: ICE1724 [ICE1724] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: ICE1724 [ICEnsemble ICE1724], device 1: ICE1724 IEC958 [ICE1724 IEC958] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 I've been trying various solutions found on Google for a few days now and I'm getting nowhere. Hopefully someone here can point me in the right direction. Thanks.

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• pine sometimes not update new received emails

  - by Tim

  Hi, I am using pine on a KUbuntu linux email server to check my emails. Most of the time when I am under "Inbox", the list of emails is updated automatically so I don't have to do things like pushing the refresh button when I am under web. But sometimes it does not and I have to type "<" to go to the upper level and then select "Inbox" to enter again into the inbox directory to find out that I do receive new emails that are not shown previously. I was wondering what the problem is? Thanks and regards!

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• pine sometimes not update new received emails

  - by Tim

  Hi, I am using pine on a KUbuntu linux email server to check my emails. Most of the time when I am under "Inbox", the list of emails is updated automatically so I don't have to do things like pushing the refresh button when I am under web. But sometimes it does not and I have to type "<" to go to the upper level and then select "Inbox" to enter again into the inbox directory to find out that I do receive new emails that are not shown previously. I was wondering what the problem is? Thanks and regards!

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• nm-applet and nmcli don't work in arch

  - by user1780765

  I installed arch linux about two weeks ago. But I still can't use Network Manager. When I use nm-applet command, I get this error: https://gist.github.com/4129816 And when I use nmcli con command, I get this: https://gist.github.com/4129837 sudo doesn't help me neither. D-Bus look fine, I can use dbus-monitor. I installed gnome, but I still can't use NM. I 'm using openbox now. I have another problem too: what should do so I can use nm-connection-editor with non-root users?

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