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• My Reverse DNS PTR record seems to be right, but I'm still getting bouncing email

  - by johnbr

  Hello, I have a service (statusme.com) where I let people know (for example) that their kid's soccer games are cancelled because of bad weather. We send out emails to the people who have registered. I have a second server as a backup, (vps.statusme.com) and I've set up the application to send some of the email through the second server. But I'm getting complaints from various recipient SMTP servers that the email is considered spam. So I did some investigating, and it appears that they think my reverse DNS record isn't correct. But when I look at it via various rDNS websites and instructions I found elsewhere on ServerFault, everything looks correct: jb$ host -t a vps.statusme.com 8.8.8.8 Using domain server: Name: 8.8.8.8 Address: 8.8.8.8#53 Aliases: vps.statusme.com has address 66.84.8.246 jb$ host -t ptr 246.8.84.66.in-addr.arpa 8.8.8.8 Using domain server: Name: 8.8.8.8 Address: 8.8.8.8#53 Aliases: 246.8.84.66.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer vps.statusme.com. I'm confused about what I'm doing wrong. Thanks for any suggestions.

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• Accidentally dd'ed an image to wrong drive / overwrote partition table + NTFS partition start

  - by Kento Locatelli

  I screwed up and set the wrong output for dd when trying to copy a freenas iso, overwriting the wrong external hard drive. Ironically, I was trying to setup a freenas server for data backup... External drive is only used for data storage, system is entirely intact Drive had a single NTFS partition filing the entire device (2TB WD elements) Drive originally had an MBR partition table. Drive now shows as having a GPT, presumably from the freenas image. Drive was mounted at the time, with maybe a couple kB of data written/read after running dd Drive is just a few months old and healthy (regular SMART / fs checks) I have not reboot the OS (crunchbang) /proc/partition still holds the correct information (and has been stored) Have dd's output (records in / out / bytes) testdrive did not find any partitions on quick or deep search running photorec to recover the more important data (a couple recent plaintext files that hadn't been backed up yet). Vast majority of disk content ( 80%) is unnecessary media files. My current plan is to let photorec do it's thing, then recreate the mbr with gparted and use cfdisk to create another NTFS partition using the sector information from /sys/block/.../. Is that a good course of action (that is, a chance of success)? Or anything else I should try first? Possibly relevant information: dd if=FreeNAS-8.0.4-RELEASE-p3-x86.iso of=/dev/sdc: 194568+0 records in 194568+0 records out 99618816 bytes (100 MB) copied grep . /sys/block/sdc/sdc*/{start,size}: /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/start:2048 /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/size:3907022848 cat /proc/partitions: major minor #blocks name ** Snipped ** 8 32 1953512448 sdc 8 33 1953511424 sdc1 current fdisk -l output: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000396746752 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• unable to access Internet by wireless but can by cable

  - by Jeff King

  i'M GOING MAD! UNtil last friday I had been successfully using wifi with the supplier as VIRGIN through their Motorola SB 4200 cable Modem and the wireless router being the Linksys WRT 54G router. Supported were three lap tops and an EPSON 510W printer and this had been running with no issue for about 3 years. Back to last friday, we started suffering significant delays and then the network collapsed with no wireless access. I was able to connect a single laptop direct to the cable modem and internet access was restored to just that one device. I thought that the problem was the router so I tried a backup D-Link device with no success. I have subsequently bought another cable modem AND a netgear router plus addidtional ethernet cables but with no success. The best that happens is that the signal appears good but I cannot get access to the internet. A yellow question mark appears on the 'gradient' icon. Each laptop and router works elsewhere so I'm stumped. Mind you I am a real novice so I'm not surprised. Please can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong?

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• Need advise for choosing software\hardware for virtualization.

  - by Anatoly

  Currently we have these servers : Windows SBS 2003 premium on IBM X266 double Xeon F43, 2GB ram. DC, exchange (70 users), Mssql. Windows 2003 R2 32bit on IBM x3400 with double XEON E5310 and 4GB ram. Terminal server (40+ users), ERP application based on uniPaaS platform from Magicsoftware, and Pervasive sql. Ubuntu 8.04 (simple pc box) with squid proxy, GLPI system and PHPBB3 forum for internal use. Recently number of concurrent users on Terminal server passed 40 users in rush hours and it gets stuck frequently. Therefore we need an upgrade. I think about transfer all physical servers to virtual servers based on cluster of 2 physical servers for reducing downtime. I think we will grow till 50-60 concurrent terminal users in rush hours. I also plan to virtualize 10-15 Win XP/7 workstation (office,ERP etc), and there is a little probability for Asterisk\Hylafax for 100 users (if it possible on same VM). Also we need NAS storage for 2-3TB. What hardware upgrade/purchase we need for complete this task? Which VM solution is preferable VmWare or Hyper-V? What backup software should we choose? Acronis or something another? Thank you in advance.

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• Why is windows not able to create a system partition?

  - by hughes

  I'm reinstalling Windows 7 64 bit, and I encountered an issue I've never seen before. I have a legit copy of Win 64 Professional, and I've installed it probably a half dozen times on this machine in the past without a problem. Googling the error only brings me to issues with people who are upgrading to win7. The drive itself seems to not have a problem. I can mount it on other systems and I can create an NTFS partition on it on other machines. I can install Ubuntu on it without any issues. Additionally, if I try using my alternate backup hard drive, the installer gives the same error. I have run diskpart from the setup page and clean seems to report that all is well. However, I cannot get past the screen below, which says Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition. This happens regardless of whether or not the disk space is already allocated. What is causing this? How do I solve or get past this?

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• Intermittently uncommunicative subnets

  - by mhd

  Last week proved me a veritable Cassandra: I've always said that it's a bad idea to have only one firewall/router, without a backup or failover. And thus our Cisco PIX went haywire, refusing to route properly. And of course, the only one available here on short notice is me, and while I'm quite grounded in Linux, I'm really a developer not a sysadmin (the fact that this hit me on sysadmin appreciation day is a bit ironic). Anyway, this weekend I tried to hack up a temporary solution: I used an old server with enough NICs (two built-in, four on a card) to serve as a gateway and firewall. Due to some problems with the raid controller, I got only two router distros running, and between Untangle and Ebox I decided for the latter. Now everything is quite okay. I've got all the different subnets we've got here (all with separate switches) talking to each other and even to the internet (Cisco 2800 router, T1 lines). But from time to time (20-60 minute intervals), I get a total routing failure. Our main, office subnet can't talk to our server subnet and can't connect to the internet. This is not the end of a gradual slowdown, either everything's working perfectly or I get a total lack of communication for about two minutes each time. Now I'm a bit at wits end what to check. At least with the default EBox setup, nothing in /var/log shows anything weird and it doesn't exactly have lots of built-in monitoring tools. So I'm hoping someone here could give me some pointers about what to look out for. I did change the ethernet cable from the office switch to the firewall, with no results. I might change switches, although within the switch it seems to work ok enough. Edit: I'm not sure whether this is the sole cause of the problem, but after I noticed a few DHCP entries just before the last drop of connectivity, I tried to reproduce that. And alas, whenever I renew a DHCP connection, I can't access other subnets anymore. Running ISC DHCPD 3.0.6.

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• Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

  - by Tommy

  I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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• When a server IP changes, do exising TCP (e.g. http/mysql) connections remain running

  - by Luke Cousins

  We have some PHP-FPM servers and when they need a database connection, they connect to an HAProxy server which selects them a database server to use and the connection opens. When we then want to perform some maintenance on the HAProxy servers (such as config changes requiring an HAProxy restart), the process is as follows: Shutdown Keepalived on the HAProxy server Wait for the floating IP to transfer to the backup HAProxy server (also running Keepalived) Wait until HAProxy stats is reporting just one connection (us checking how many connections there are) Restart HAProxy Restart Keepalived As step 2 occurs, what will happen to the open mysql connections at that point? According to this TCP Sessions and IP Changes question the connections will be dropped. Is this really the case? If so, what, if anything, can be done to prevent this happening? Can the connection be in some way forced to use the main (non-floating) IP of the server? We also have a similar setup with two Nginx servers with Keepalived running on them and we were planning on doing the equivalent process. If we do, the same question applies - what happens to the existing http connections when the IP moves to the other server? I appreciate your help.

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• What is the best private cloud storage setup

  - by vdrmrt

  I need to create a private cloud and I'm searching for the best setup. These are my 2 most important requirements 1. Disk and system redundant 2. Price / GB as low as possible The system is going to be used as backup setup which will receive data 24/7 over SFTP and rsync. High throughput is not that important. I'm planning to use glusterfs and consumer grade 4TB hard-drives. I have worked out 3 possible setups 3 servers with 11 4TB HDD Setup up a replica 3 glusterfs and setup each hard drive as a separate ext4 brick. Total capacity: 44TB HDD / TB ratio of 0.75 (33HDD / 44TB) 2 servers with 11 4TB HDD The 11 hard-drives are combined in a RAIDZ3 ZFS storage pool. With a replica 2 gluster setup. Total capacity: 32TB (+ zfs compression) HDD / TB ratio of 0.68 (22HDD / 32TB) 3 servers with 11 4TB consumer hard-drives Setup up a replica 3 glusterfs and setup each hard-drive as a separate zfs storage pool and export each pool as a brick. Total capacity: 32TB (+ zfs compression) HDD / TB ratio of 0.68 (22HDD / 32TB) (Cheapest) My remarks and concerns: If a hard drive fails which setup will recover the quickest? In my opinion setup 1 and 3 because there only the contents of 1 hard-drive needs to be copied over the network. Instead of setup 2 were the hard-drive needs te be reconstructed by reading the parity of all the other harddrives in the system. Will a zfs pool on 1 harddrive give me extra protection against for example bit rot? With setup 1 and 3 I can loose 2 systems and still be up and running with setup 2 I can only loose 1 system. When I use ZFS I can enable compression which will give me some extra storage.

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• how can i move ext3 partition to the beginning of drive without losing data?

  - by Felipe Alvarez

  I have a 500GB external drive. It had two partitions, each around 250GB. I removed the first partition. I'd like to move the 2nd to the left, so it consumes 100% of the drive. How can this be accomplished without any GUI tools (CLI only)? fdisk Disk /dev/sdd: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc80b1f3d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd2 29374 60801 252445410 83 Linux parted Model: ST350032 0AS (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 2 242GB 500GB 259GB primary ext3 type=83 dumpe2fs Filesystem volume name: extstar Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: f0b1d2bc-08b8-4f6e-b1c6-c529024a777d Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super large_file Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 15808608 Block count: 63111168 Reserved block count: 0 Free blocks: 2449985 Free inodes: 15799302 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8208 Inode blocks per group: 513 Filesystem created: Mon Feb 15 08:07:01 2010 Last mount time: Fri May 21 19:31:30 2010 Last write time: Fri May 21 19:31:30 2010 Mount count: 5 Maximum mount count: 29 Last checked: Mon May 17 14:52:47 2010 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Sat Nov 13 14:52:47 2010 Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: d0363517-c095-4f53-baa7-7428c02fbfc6 Journal backup: inode blocks Journal size: 128M

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• How to manage unprivileged administration of system services using Debian?

  - by ypnos

  At our lab, we have several services handled by different phd students (like myself). Fluctuation is high and people do the job next to their research duties. Until now, services were running on different machines, with different OS setups that can result in administration hell quickly. We want to consolidate our service setup. Our main idea is that the guys responsible for the services should not meddle with the underlying system anymore. Apart from core systems like NFS and kerberos, a typical service is able to run as non-root already. I'm talking about apache, mysql, subversion, mail with openxchange, and so on. Redirecting privileged ports is also no issue (source). What is left is the configuration of the service and its payload. One scenario we envisioned is that every service has its own user and home directory, accessable by the corresponding admins. Backup and fallback of the service is easy, as everything needed for the service to run is found in one place. Are there established ways to create such a setup? Does a mostly unique method exist to make services find their files (other than in system directories) while still using the corresponding debian packages? Are there any catches with our idea that we may have overlooked? Would you maybe claim that virtualization is the answer to our problem? (In our POV, it wouldn't help us keeping system setup strictly separated from service setup.) Thank you for any advice!

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• Debian Server wont reboot from script

  - by Littlejon

  I have a script that is run to backup a server via Rsync, after that script is run I want the server to reboot. My script is run as root from the Crontab at 3am in the morning. #!/bin/bash HOST="email" RSYNC_OPTS="-a -v -v --progress --stats --delete" RSYNC_DEST="10.0.0.10::$HOST" BACKUP_LIST="/etc /home /root" TIMESTAMP="/timestamp-bkup-start.chk" TIMESTAMP2="/timestamp-bkup-stop.chk" touch $TIMESTAMP rsync $RSYNC_OPTS $TIMESTAMP $RSYNC_DEST for BACKUP_ITEM in $BACKUP_LIST; do rsync $RSYNC_OPTS $BACKUP_ITEM $RSYNC_DEST done /etc/init.d/zimbra stop sleep 60s rsync $RSYNC_OPTS /opt $RSYNC_DEST touch $TIMESTAMP2 rsync $RSYNC_OPTS $TIMESTAMP2 $RSYNC_DEST echo `date +%Y%m%d%H%M` >> /var/log/reset reboot # $# shows number of args passed # $1 to access first variable #if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then # if [ $1 = "withreboot" ]; then # echo "rebooting..."; # echo `date +%Y%m%d%H%M` >> /var/log/reset # /sbin/reboot # fi #fi I have tried using init 6 rather then reboot. I have tried /sbin/reboot. I also have another basic script that just echos to the reset log and runs reboot without issue. It is just with the script above the server wont restart. If anyone has any theories that would be great as I have run out of idea. Thanks, Jon

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• iTunes Title Bar is Equal to the Location of the Library file?

  - by Urda

  I have never been able to get a clear answer on why the latest edition of iTunes does this. I have my entire iTunes library located in C:\itunes\ and the library data files inside C:\itunes\!library_info for backup purposes. However when version 9 of iTunes came out it went from having iTunes as the title, to !library_info. Anyway to get around this without moving my data files away? Annoying "feature" if that is what it is. Again Apple support and forums were of no help to me. Anyone have insight on this? System Info: Windows Vista x86 Ultimate, latest updates. iTunes Version 9.0.3.15 Screenshot: http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4072/4414557544_d0b25eb64c_o.jpg Flickr Page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/urda/4414557544/ UPDATE: I put a bounty on this, and would be open to hacking the registry or doing a custom config. Please help me fix my title bar!!! Update2: I would not like to move my library files out of itunes\!library_info to avoid them inter-mingling with my music library.

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• Replacing HD in an MacOS 10.6.8 server caused all shares to fail

  - by Cheesus

  I'm hoping someone might have a helpful suggestion about this problem. We have 2 MacOSX servers available for file sharing. (quad Xeons - 2GB RAM, both 10.6.8), No.1 is an Open Directory Master with 50+ user accounts, No.2 has only 2 local accounts (/local/Default) and looks at the OD Master for all user accounts (/LDAPv3/10.x.x.20/) Both servers have 3 internal HD's, The boot volume with only Server OS and minimal Apps. A 'DataShare' HD (500GB) and a backup drive (500GB). After upgrading the DataShare HD in Server No.2 from a small internal HD (500GB) to larger capacity (2TB) drive, users are unable to connect to shares on Server No.2. Users get an error "There are no shares available or you are not allowed to access them on the server" The process I followed was to use Carbon Copy Cloner to create an exact copy of the original data drive (keeps all ownership data, UID, permissions, last edit date and time). Everything booted up ok, no indication there was any issues. (Paths to the sharepoint look good) Notes during troubleshooting - Server1 is operating perfectly, all users can access shares and authenticate etc. - I've checked the SACL (Server Access Control List) settings is ok. - On Server2 in the Server Admin' app, I can see all the shares listed ok. The paths seem valid, I can disable / reenable the shares, no errors. - On Server2 'workgroup manager' lists all the accounts from the OD Master in the LDAP dir view. All seems fine from here. Basically everything looks normal but no file shares on Server2 can be accessed from regular users.

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• Random server lag, no CPU/mem/pagefile usage

  - by Kev

  We have a fairly new server running Windows 2003 SP2, and the past few days we've noticed random slowdowns. When I'm logged into the server over remote desktop while this is happening, or if I'm physically sitting at the server logged in, suddenly everything becomes extremely laggy. Any UI element I try to interact with takes upwards of ten seconds to react, and then responds very slowly. Then a minute later everything is quite snappy again. During this, I have Task Manager minimized to the tray, and there's no CPU usage. I open it up right after this happens, and there's very little CPU usage on the graph, and no memory or pagefile usage above normal. (Normal being 1.5 GB free in the case of memory.) This is what I see logged into the server, and then users start calling saying things are slow, timing out, and failing--anything to do with our server. No events in the Event Viewer around the times this happens. The context I'm working in (last thing I clicked, etc.) seems different every time--different programs active, different combinations of programs open. Never anything particularly stressful (like adding an event entry to a Cobian Backup configuration, or editing text in TextPad, which has been exceptionally stable in my extensive usage of it.) I would've thought it was just the server, but a family member's home PC (entirely separate) running WinXPSP3 had the same thing happen to it last night a few times. Is this some new behaviour introduced by the latest Windows Updates? Either way, where do I even start to look when nothing seems to be chewing up resources?

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• Is Ubuntu a viable replacement of Windows XP for small enterprise environments?

  - by Alex. S.

  Hi all, I'm a newbie systems administrator, so any advice would be great. I would like to setup ubuntu 8.04 lts in a small office of consulting in management (around 50 workstations) instead of Windows XP. I would install MS Office 2007 via WINE (*). It would be a fresh installation, so the migration would be less of a pain. The new setup would also include a small server as document repository and a backup server by now. Later, I would install another goodies like a IM server, a document management solution, and whatnot collaborative tool. What do you advice in this scenario? Do you think is viable? Should I try to convince my managers this is a good idea? I consider myself as a fair experienced user in both systems, and I'm the only guy in charge of everything. I need to cut costs down, and I think that antivirus and antimalware software are a waste of money and time. Is this good idea?, or should I resign and try to lock down the Windows systems and install AV software? Is there anything else in this setup I'm not foreseeing? (*) The only catch in my test machine until now had been that Office SmartArt doesn't work properly, the rest of Office 2007 may seem ok.

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• Failover Cluster Quorum Failing

  - by oruchreis

  Hi, I have two nodes which boots from iscsi to implement windows 2008 cluster. And I'm using disk majority option as quorum over iscsi. But when the quorum's iscsi connection failed(May be san server reset), the failover cluster is failed too. If I reset one of the nodes, it can open, but its system disk goes offline. I cant change its status as online, because it says that its reserved by failover cluster(disk is on iscsi, beacuse iscsi boot). And this disk works as readonly. Anything on it cant be deleted or written. So, I cant rejoin the node to the cluster again. I have to reinstall windows. So, what I'm asking is, how can I implement more quorum backup? I mean, can I use both disk majority and file share majority at same time? AFAIK, every nodes also keep the quorum's copy too. But I don't know sometimes san servers goes offline. And quorum's iscsi connection and nodes' iscsi connections get lost. So, nor the quorum that is kept in the nodes neither the quorum iscsi disk is not enough to start the cluster again. I want to use both disk majority and file share majority at the same time. Can I do this? Have you any other suggestion? Regards.

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• Check for unique rows, but ignore one particular column

  - by user269148

  I have an XML document, that looks like this: Column A to S with headers, and there are 1922 rows. This is an backup of some SMS, and I want to get rid of duplicates. The problem is, that the Time in the readable_date header has been messed up. There is nothing wrong with the date, but the clock time is wrong, so I have split that column in three, with Year, day and clock. I know I can use a standard filter, but it only looks for unique rows in a single column. What I want to perform, is to make a row check similar to this: F(x)=Check if Column 2A to (infinate) is equal to Column 3A to (infinate), but ignore column(R). IF True, then delete Column 3A to (infinate) Otherwise Check IF column 2A to (infinate) is equal Column 4A to (infinate) and so on. I need to ignore a particular column in a row every time, and need to do this for a complete sheet. And the formula check should apply for every row, when the first one is done checking for duplicates... If anyone else has a better solution, please say so. Anyway, anyone who can help?

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• virtualized windows 2003 domain with CentOS 5.3 and poor connectivity

  - by Chris Gow

  Hi: I have a test lab set up running a virtualized windows 2003 domain on a CentOS 5.3(xen) host and am experiencing connectivity problems with guests running on other hosts that are part of the same domain. Here's the setup: On Computer A I have CentOS 5.3 running as the host and have virtualized windows 2003 servers for a primary domain controller, a backup domain controller and an exchange server. The primary domain controller also acts as a WINS and dns server. The windows domain appears on a separate subnet from my company's corporate network. Connectivity to any of the virtualized guests on Computer A is fine (remote desktop, ping, what have you). I have another host computer (Computer B) that also has a virtualized Windows 2003 server guest that is part of the same domain. However, connectivity to that guest is flaky at best. I continuously get at least 60% packet loss when I try to ping the guest, and due to that flakiness I can not access any of the services that it runs (remote desktop, web). Now here's the interesting part. It seems to affect only machines running on a different computer than the domain controller that are in the same domain. On Computer B there is another Windows 2003 guest that is not part of the test domain and is on my corporate network. There's no connectivity issues with that guest machine. The problem does not seem to be specific to Computer B either. I created a test VM on my local computer within the test domain and it exhibits the same behaviour as the guest in Computer B. A couple of items to note: - Host OS on both Computer A and B are the same CentOS 5.3 64 bit - Guest OS is Windows 2003 64 bit and 32 bit (the guest on Computer B is 32 bit) - Guest OSes are all up to date (as of Monday) - Host OS on Computer A was upgraded from CentOS 5.2 to 5.3 Update: Sorry I did not follow up with the comments from below. Computer A and B have been moved to their own dedicated switch and the problem has gone away. I'm not sure what the underlying problem(s) were though

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• Can't mount hard drive. Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Sam

  I am trying to recover some pictures on my 320 GB Hard Disk, so I put in a Live Ubuntu CD and am in that right now. In the devices list, it shows my USB drive, but not my 320 GB Hard Disk. I can see the disk in Disk Utility (it says it's on /dev/sda), but it's not mounted, and it says it has a few bad sectors but it is OK. In Disk Usage Analyzer, it says my maximum capacity is 13.4 GB, so it's definitely not using the 320 GB Hard Disk. I tried the following: sudo mkdir /media/newhd (worked) sudo mount /dev/sda /media/newhd (didn't work. it says I must specify the filesystem type) I then tried: fsck.ext4 -f /dev/sda (didn't work. Said: Superblock invalid, trying to backup blocks. then: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda. The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock) Does anyone have any ideas? The whole problem started when my Windows Vista said "Can't find operating system". Any ideas on how I can get on to my hard drive at /dev/sda?

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• WAN Optimization for Small Office/Home Office

  - by TiernanO

  I have been reading up on WAN optimization for the last while, mostly out of interest of speeding up my own internet connections, but also to speed up the office internet connection. At home, I have 2 cable modems plugged into a RouterBoard RB750, which load balances the connections. In the office, we have a single connection into a NetGear router. Most of the WAN Optimization products I have seen, seem to be prohibitively expensive, but also seem to be based on the idea of having multiple branches around the world. What I am looking for, ideally, is as follows: software install: I am "guessing" I need to install it in 2 places: one in the office or house, and one in "the cloud". any connections going to, say, The US (we are in Europe, but our backup's live in the US currently, which would be something important to speed up) would be "tunnelled" though the Optimizer. If downloading or uploading large files, open multiple connections between both "the cloud" and the optimizer... This is where a lot of speed could be gained. finally, for items not compressed, they would be compressed on the cloud side of things, also items that are already on the optimizer could be not sent again. kind of like RSync or Proxy servers... So, is there something that can be done? Is it available using off the shelf components (some magic script with SSH, Squid, Linux and duct tape) or is it something that needs to be purchased? or even an Open Source Project that does 90% of what i am asking?

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• Partition is missing in /dev

  - by haimg

  I'm having a strange problem since I moved from Centos5 to Centos6. I have three disks, first two are used as a RAID1, and third one is a stand-alone backup disk that is not listed in /etc/fstab (it is mounded when needed and then unmounted). My problem: After a boot, /dev/sdc exists but /dev/sdc1 does not. Also, the links in /dev/disks are also absent for the first partition of sdc. Disk itself is fine, and if I hot-remove it and plug it back in, /dev/sdc1 appears ok and everything is working. My question: What subsystem manages auto-discovery of disks, partitions, etc. during the boot process (e.g. what creates /dev/disks/by-label)? How do I configure it to scan /dev/sdc too and create all relevant files and links in /dev ? Edit: Here's the relevant part of dmesg output (the only place sdc appears). It does list sdc1, but it's not in /dev! sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/465 GiB) sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sdb: sdc: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sda: DMAR:[DMA Read] Request device [00:1e.0] fault addr 361bc000 DMAR:[fault reason 06] PTE Read access is not set sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdc1 sda1 sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk sda2 sda3 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk

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• Ubuntu 8.04 wont reboot from script

  - by Littlejon

  I have a script that is run to backup a server via Rsync, after that script is run I want the server to reboot. My script is run as root from the Crontab at 3am in the morning. #!/bin/bash HOST="email" RSYNC_OPTS="-a -v -v --progress --stats --delete" RSYNC_DEST="10.0.0.10::$HOST" BACKUP_LIST="/etc /home /root" TIMESTAMP="/timestamp-bkup-start.chk" TIMESTAMP2="/timestamp-bkup-stop.chk" touch $TIMESTAMP rsync $RSYNC_OPTS $TIMESTAMP $RSYNC_DEST for BACKUP_ITEM in $BACKUP_LIST; do rsync $RSYNC_OPTS $BACKUP_ITEM $RSYNC_DEST done /etc/init.d/zimbra stop sleep 60s rsync $RSYNC_OPTS /opt $RSYNC_DEST touch $TIMESTAMP2 rsync $RSYNC_OPTS $TIMESTAMP2 $RSYNC_DEST echo `date +%Y%m%d%H%M` >> /var/log/reset reboot # $# shows number of args passed # $1 to access first variable #if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then # if [ $1 = "withreboot" ]; then # echo "rebooting..."; # echo `date +%Y%m%d%H%M` >> /var/log/reset # /sbin/reboot # fi #fi I have tried using init 6 rather then reboot. I have tried /sbin/reboot. I also have another basic script that just echos to the reset log and runs reboot without issue. It is just with the script above the server wont restart. If anyone has any theories that would be great as I have run out of idea. Thanks, Jon

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• Western Digital HDD now freezes my BIOS when loading the video card!

  - by Vercas

  After I have successively and successfully installed 3 Windows XP's on the same partition (Don't ask why...), I restarted my computer again and the BIOS just froze when it loaded the video card. Together with my uncle, we tracked down the problem and found out it's the HDD's fault. We tried booting without the HDD and it worked! (No other HDD (I have only one) but with a Ubuntu Live CD in.) We tried the HDD with a different data bus (It was from an identical computer) but that one didn't let my BIOS recognize the HDD. We also put the HDD in another computer as the second HDD and it DID recognize it but Windows XP kept saying it cannot install a driver and that it installed successfully. Happily, I have managed to backup some of my most important files in that other computer. The following is a list of tests that we have run. With the HDD Original data bus Original computer Result: BIOS freezes WITHOUT the HDD Original data bus Original computer Result: Everything works just fine! With the HDD ANOTHER data bus Original computer Result: Cannot see the HDD With the HDD Original data bus ANOTHER computer Result: It worked! With the HDD ANOTHER data bus ANOTHER computer Result: It worked! During the tests, we had only two data buses and two computers. (each data bus from it's own computer) Strange thing is that the second data bus cannot let the BIOS see the HDD in my computer but works just fine with the other computer. I beg you to help me! I have my most important data on that HDD and I really cannot afford to buy another decent IDE HDD now!

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• How long will a "safely stored" Solid-State-Drive (SSD) keep its data? (e.g. bank safety-deposit box)

  - by user31575

  Here's my usecase: once-and-only-once copy off photos/videos to an internal SATA Solid State Drive (SSD) put this drive in a well-ventilated, air-conditioned bank "safety deposit box" for safe keeping The question: How long can I safely store a solid-state-drive in such an environment? i.e. 0% bitrot, 100% success when "plugged in" Are some SSD drives more reliable than other for this usecase? (e.g. smaller size vs larger size, SLC vs MLC, different brands, etc) More fodder: I have read that solid state memory cards (e..g compactflash, or sd cards) have much longer durability than other media (DVD's, CD's, hard drives) for this usecase (guaranteed against bitrot/other dysfunction on the order of ~ a decades vs a year ). I don't know if this applies to "SSD hard drives". Copying to one 500Gb ssd vs 8 64gb flash drives is easier SSD SATA hard drives have no moving parts, but they have more "visible electronics" than a compact flash card. I don't know if this "visible electronics" can fail, i.e. in contr I know many will point to carbonite, other cloud backup stuff, but I like the simplicity of having physical copies and wanted to understand the risks/implications thanks,

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