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• Recover badly recorded DVDs

  - by CesarGon

  A few years ago (2003-2005) I bought a Sony USB external DVD recorder for my Dell laptop and I used it to burn a lot of discs. Much later, when I tried to use one of these discs, I realised that I could not read it. The disc behaved as if it was scratched or dirty. I tried on a couple of different DVD drives but got the same effect. Sadly, all the discs that I burnt with that recorder suffer from the same problem. Edit. When I read one of these discs with ImgBurn, I get lots of unrecovered read errors in multiple sectors, even at 1x speed. The sectors that cause read errors seem to be quite random; it's not always the same one. I have no idea what could be wrong with the discs. I doubt that they are scratched or dirty; it would be too much of a coincidence that all the discs that I burnt with that recorder got damaged at the same time. Also, they don't show any physical defects. Is there any way to diagnose what the problem is and, hopefully, recover the contents of the discs? Many thanks.

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• How can one keep secure regular backups of his desktop on a remote server through aDSL? [on hold]

  - by Antonis Christofides

  I'm a system administrator and I use rsnapshot to backup some servers, duplicity for some others. Both work fine, each one with advantages and disadvantages. Despite that, I am at a loss on how to backup my own private files. I'd use duplicity to automatically backup my files to a remote server; but the problem is that once in a while I must do a full backup. My emails and important files are 9G, and I expect this to increase. Uploading through aDSL at 1Mbit would be 20 hours. Too much. rsnapshot doesn't require periodic full backups (only the first time), but it must be running on the remote server and have a means to connect to my computer; if the server is compromised (or simply if the NSA decides to use it), my own machine is also compromised. Not good. The only solution I've come up with is use encfs, use unison to synchronize the files to a remote server, and use duplicity or rsnapshot on the remote server to backup these files. In that case, the question is whether I can sync the files on many computers; is it possible for encfs to be used with the same key on many computers? I also think that if I append one character to the unencrypted file, its encrypted encfs counterpart might change a lot, so that incrementals with duplicity would be less efficient—but not a big deal. Maybe also, when I need to restore a file, finding the correct file to restore could be a pain, because of filename encryption. I wonder whether there is any other possibility that I've overlooked. Maybe I'm asking too much for my personal use, and I should settle with an external disk?

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• connecting to a network using route command

  - by ami

  I have a computer with an external IP(192.168.223.220) and also an internal address (10.1.1.20) in order to connect to some servers that don't have external addresses only 10.1.1.xx . in order to connect to these servers from other machines I used the following command "route ADD 10.1.1.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.223.220" and than I was able to connect to the servers using there 10.1.1.xx address. The problem is that the hard disk of main server(192.168.223.220) died and was replaced and after the that I am not able to connect to the servers as before, the route command succeeds and I can ping 10.1.1.20 but not the other servers. Thanks I am using Windows XP and the print outs are D:\AurosHome\Scriptsipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : N100-master Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) PRO/1000 EB Network Connection with I/O Acceleration #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-30-48-34-BA-B9 Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.225.180 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.225.254 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.225.2 Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) PRO/1000 EB Network Connection with I/O Acceleration Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-30-48-34-BA-B8 Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.20 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Mellanox IPoIB Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-02-C9-25-34-0D D:\AurosHome\Scriptsroute print Interface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface 0x2 ...00 30 48 34 ba b9 ...... Intel(R) PRO/1000 EB Network Connection with I/O Acceleration #2 - Packet Sche duler Miniport 0x3 ...00 30 48 34 ba b8 ...... Intel(R) PRO/1000 EB Network Connection with I/O Acceleration - Packet Schedul er Miniport 0x10005 ...00 02 c9 25 34 0d ...... Mellanox IPoIB Adapter - Packet Scheduler Miniport =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.225.254 192.168.225.180 10 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.20 10.1.1.20 10 10.1.1.20 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10 10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.1.1.20 10.1.1.20 10 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.225.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.225.180 192.168.225.180 10 192.168.225.180 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10 192.168.225.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.225.180 192.168.225.180 10 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 10.1.1.20 10.1.1.20 10 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.225.180 192.168.225.180 10 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.1.1.20 10.1.1.20 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.1.1.20 10005 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.225.180 192.168.225.180 1 Default Gateway: 192.168.225.254 Persistent Routes: None

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• Path Environmental Variable errors

  - by roymustang86

  So, I am trying to learn java. I installed the JDK and proceeded to write a few programs. Each time, I have to give the path to javac.exe to compile the .java file. SO, I decided to tweak the %PATH% variable. And no matter what I change it to, it doesn't work. when I do an echo %PATH%, I get 'Program' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. This is my Path variable contents : C:\app\product\11.1.0\client_1\bin;%CommonProgramFiles%\Microsoft Shared\Windows Live;%SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Roxio Shared\DLLShared\";"C:\Program Files\Broadcom\Broadcom 802.11";"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Roxio Shared\OEM\DLLShared\";"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Roxio Shared\OEM\DLLShared\";"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Roxio Shared\OEM\12.0\DLLShared\";"C:\Program Files (x86)\Roxio\OEM\AudioCore\";"C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Services\IPT\" How do I work around this? the double quotes were not there before, I added it thinking the space was the problem.

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• iptables : how to allow incoming ftp traffic?

  - by logansama

  Hi, Still fighting my way through the jungle that is called iptables. I have managed to allow FTP access outside of our LAN: both these would work. NOTE: eth0 is the LAN interface and eth1 is the WAN interface. iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 20:21 -j ACCEPT or iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -p tcp --sport 20:21 --dport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT But when i connect to a external FTP server i manage to log in and all is fine until it wishes to List the directory content. Then nothing happens as the data is blocked, due to the fact that i do not have a rule set up to allow it! (my last rule on the FORWARD chain is to block all traffic) I have tried a gazillion rules (many of which i did not understand) to try and allow the FTP traffic back through my server. One such rule for example was: iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 20:21 --dport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT But i cannot get the List to work. It just times out after a while. Would anyone perhaps know how to build a rule which would allow FTP to List / allow such traffic back? Or have a link to sources i could work through? Thank you,

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• Exchange 2003 Internet Mail Size Limits

  - by scampbell

  I have unsuccessfully tried to increase per user incoming mail size settings by editing their user account settings on our Exchange server, but large incoming mail from external domains is still blocked using the default global settings. After reading here: http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;322679 I see that All Internet e-mail messages use the global setting for limits on sending and on receiving. The message categorizer evaluates the sender's sending limit and the recipient's receiving limit. In example 2 earlier, a user with a user mailbox limit of 3 MB could receive messages from another user with a 3-MB sending limit. Because Internet users use the global setting, they can send only a 2-MB message. Which to me is madness! Surely if I want to allow a user to receive mail up to a certain size then I should be able to set it as such? Is there a specific way of getting round this? Would setting the global defaults high and setting a lower, say 10MB, limit on the SMTP connector do the trick? Thanks.

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• How can I create a simple Exchange 2010 backup solution?

  - by bduncanj

  I'm sure this question's been asked a dozen times in one form or another, however after much searching, there doesn't appear to be an obvious simple recovery solution for a single Exchange box. We're using Exchange 2010 on a single server, the server hosts the AD and nothing else on the network uses the AD. The intent is to run this server as you would an externally hosted Exchange server - access only via HTTP (RPC mode or OWA) - all other ports blocked. I've a daily backup running, using Windows Server 2008 volume shadow service to backup the Exchange data to an external hard disk. My question is, how do I perform a bare metal recovery of this server? 1) Do I need to be explicitly including the active directory information in this nightly backup, or will it be there by virtue of the fact that this system is the primary AD server and the Windows backup service knows this? 2) I understand I can re-install Server 2008 onto my new hardware (in the case of hardware failure) and then run Exchange 2010 setup.exe with a /recover argument, referencing the backup volume. 3) It is acceptable to have some downtime during this recovery process. But is there anything else I should be aware of? Thanks! Duncan

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• Cannot ssh into server

  - by revolver

  I am trying to SSH into a linux machine running ubuntu, but the interactive shell stuck somewhere and I can't key in anything. I am on Mac OS X Lion. This only happens when I am trying to access via an external IP. Local LAN SSH is working perfectly. macbook:~ user$ ssh -v -v user@serverip // i skipped the rest of the log, but I can paste it here again if needed. Authenticated to serverip debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug1: Sending env LC_CTYPE = UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 My terminal shell just hang after this, and I can't key in anything. I checked var/log/auth on the server and saw that the a session is being created and I had already logged in, but I don't see any responses on my client machine. I googled around and a lot of the solution had to do with the Broadcom wireless driver, but I am not even using one, so I am pretty clueless here. To give you more information, the linux machine is also running a web server, and I have no problem accessing the web server. Thanks. Any help is appreciated.

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• Trouble setting up incoming VPN in Microsoft SBS 2008 through a Cisco ASA 5505 appliance

  - by Nils

  I have replaced an aging firewall (custom setup using Linux) with a Cisco ASA 5505 appliance for our network. It's a very simple setup with around 10 workstations and a single Small Business Server 2008. Setting up incoming ports for SMTP, HTTPS, remote desktop etc. to the SBS went fine - they are working like they should. However, I have not succeeded in allowing incoming VPN connections. The clients trying to connect (running Windows 7) are stuck with the "Verifying username and password..." dialog before getting an error message 30 seconds later. We have a single external, static IP, so I cannot set up the VPN connection on another IP address. I have forwarded TCP port 1723 the same way as I did for SMTP and the others, by adding a static NAT route translating traffic from the SBS server on port 1723 to the outside interface. In addition, I set up an access rule allowing all GRE packets (src any, dst any). I have figured that I must somehow forward incoming GRE packets to the SBS server, but this is where I am stuck. I am using ADSM to configure the 5505 (not console). Any help is very much appreciated!

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• Trying to Set up SMTP Server on WIndows Server 2012

  - by datc

  I'm working on a website, and I need to test the functionality of sending email messages from ASP.NET, something like this: Dim msg As New MailMessage("email1", "email2") msg.Subject = "Subject"<br> msg.IsBodyHtml = True<br> msg.Body = "Click <a href='site'>here</a>." Dim client As SmtpClient = New SmtpClient() client.Host = "My-Server"<br> client.Port = 25<br> client.DeliveryMethod = SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network<br> client.Send(msg) This is running from a Windows 8 workstation. I've installed SMTP server on my Windows Server 2012 machine. The mail shows up in the mailroot/Queue folder and sits there, eventually getting deposited into Badmail. Now I have AT&T U-verse at home, and a few devices connected to the gateway, including let's call it "My-Server." When I run SmtpDiag from say, datc@... to [email protected] I get SOA serial number match passed, Local DNS (99-135-60-233.lightspeed.bcvloh.sbcglobal.net) & Remote DNS (hotmail.com) tests *not* passed, and ultimately, Connecting to the server failed. Error: 10060. Failed to submit mail to mx2.hotmail.com error. When I set My-Server's IP to static and equal to the external IP, 99.135.60.233, and again run SmtpDiag, I get SOA, Local DNS, and Remote DNS tests passed, but the same 10060 error. Same for yahoo.com, gmail.com, and so forth. Is it my ISP's job to fix this? Some PTR record missing somewhere? Is it at all possible to have a home-based SMTP server? All I want is to test my email code. Perhaps, my IP address is just not "trusted" somehow. Thanks.

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• Windows network routing

  - by fabianvilers

  Hi! I'm working by my customer premises and they let me connect my private laptop on a dedicated Wi-Fi for internet access. It's nice for external consultants. The only issue is that we can't connect on a remote server on port 25. I suppose this policy is set up to avoid infected computers sending spam from their network. As you can have guessed, this is something weird that I can't send mail at all. Fortunately, I've a 3G cell phone that I can connect by Bluetooth on my laptop. So when I want to send an e-mail, I have to disconnect from Wi-Fi, connect my phone, send the e-mail, disconnect phone and reconnect Wi-Fi. Kinda overhead. My question is: how can I tell Windows 7 to use the Wi-Fi for every out connection, but if it's a connection on port 25, use the cell phone network? With this solution, I could let my phone connected all day without having to switch again and again. Thanks a lot for your anwwers. Fabian

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• Strange Photoshop Problem: Can not select, zoom, paint, option button 'locked'

  - by nikcub

  I have a very strange problem with Photoshop. I can not use any of the tools, since the cursor appears 'locked'. If I select v on my keyboard, it goes to the zoom tool, but the cursor does not change. If I select the paintbrush tool, I can only paint if I hold down the option key. This is what the cursor look like (I had to paint it since I couldn't capture it). It is a rectangle with two lines through it. I am running Photoshop CS4 on a Macbook Pro with Mac OS X 10.6.6. Using both the trackpad and an external Logitech MX5000 mouse I see the same issue. This started when I fired up Photoshop today for the first time in a while. I can't remember changing any options or doing anything that could cause this. Is it possible that the option key is somehow locked in place, or there is some equivalent of num lock on? Very strange problem, I would appreciate any help anybody can offer. Edit: To add, the icon remains the same within all the menu options - it never goes back to being just a normal mouse cursor. Also, right click works fine, and if I hold down option, the cursor goes back to normal and I can paint with it. I can't use Marquee, Lasso, Crop, Type etc. even with option held down. When I go into Bridge, it is the same icon.

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• Splitting an HTTP request into multiple byte-range requests

  - by redpola

  I have arrived at the unusual situation of having two completely independent Internet connections to my home. This has the advantage of redundancy etc but the drawback that both connections max out at about 6Mb/s. So one individual outbound http request is directed by my "intelligent gateway" (TP-LINK ER6120) out over one or the other connection for its lifetime. This works fine over complex web pages and utilises both external connects fine. However, single-http-request downloads are limited to the maximum rate of one of the two connections. So I'm thinking, surely I can setup some kind of proxy server to direct all my http requests to. For each incoming http request, the proxy server will issue multiple byte-range requests for the desired data and manage the reassembly and delivery of that data to the client's request. I can see this has some overhead, and also some edge cases where there will be blocking problems waiting for data. I also imagine webmasters of single-servers would rather I didn't hit them with 8 byte-range requests instead of one request. How can I achieve this http request deconstruct/reconstruction? Or am I just barking mad?

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• .php file blank - .php5 files works

  - by Kleidi

  I have a problem with a server of mine. I've installed virtualmin/webin on it for administration and I have 1 domain on it. DNS management is external. On this domain I only have an html "Under Construction" index and 5 subdomains. In all those subdomains I have PHP systems running perfectly. I've tried to install Wordpress on the main domain and I'm having some issues: None .php files loads. I have made a phpinfo file on it to check it and it won't work either; only a blank page appears. When I check the source code of it in browser, appears the code. I have changed the extensions to .php5 and it worked perfectly. Something is going wrong with it but I can't figure out what. I have checked the apache error and nothing appears. 3 Days ago I upgraded from php 5.2.* to 5.4.21. Server is running CentOS 5.10.

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• Server side url scanner for malware, spyware , viruses and protect my visitors

  - by Vangel

  I have a forum/groups site that contains a lot of external URLs, sometimes direct download links. I want to protect my visitors from possible attacks from malware sites as they are mot likely to click on these links. CUrrently I implement DBL (spamhaus) but thats not enough. I want to run a background task to check the outgoing links first. I have looked at similar questions in StackOverflow (wrongly posted there) and here but fail to find a question same as mine or a good answer. People have suggested ClamAV , I don't believe it can detect Web hosted malware sites and its has a lot of missed detection. I have looked at google safe browsing service ( http://code.google.com/apis/safebrowsing/developers_guide_v2.html very complicated to implement or maintain plus midway I get lost :S ) I can go for commercial solution, anything to protect the visitors and my site brand. But I would like to hear the opinion of server admins and if anyone has implemented such a service. My Server is basic CentOS LAMP stack. thank you very much in advance.

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• How to (properly) back up a live QEMU/KVM VM?

  - by Roman

  I'm currently engineering a backup solution for KVM VM's as an additional measure to traditional backups. Unfortunately, all currently (August 2013) existing solutions I came across so far either: do not ensure a consistent backup of the VM (losing RAM state, creating a dirty image, or other things), or require lengthy downtime (complete VM shutdown while backing up). I'm aware of QEMU/libvirt's functionality of taking snapshots, however, it's not yet usable since: image-internal snapshots present you with an ever-changing image file, resulting in a likely dirty backup (assuming one uses qcow2 images at all). one cannot yet merge a currently active external snapshot into the original backing image ("blockcommit"). Out of the above reasons, I'm now implementing a script that: Saves the VM's state and halts it Sets up a devicemapper snapshot(s) where the VM's disk images and state reside Resumes the VM Mount the snapshot(s) of step 2. Backs up the VM's disk and state (configuration for convenience) Merges back the snapshot(s). If I got everything right, this will take consistent backups of VM's with only seconds (if at all, since 1-3 is fast, possibly sub-second) of downtime. Of course, when restoring, the VM will be way in the past, but at least giving me the option of an orderly shutdown/reboot. Am I missing something with this solution? Or has someone indeed already implemented this?

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• Installed Bunch of New Fonts on Windows 7 - Now None Show Up and System Lags

  - by Josh Stodola

  So I went to install about 5,000 fonts on my Windows 7 64-bit machine. It was slow to install them, and I had to leave. I came back and my PC was shut down, and I had to go through the Windows recovery BS when I powered it on. Now my computer runs EXTREMELY slow and any program that has a font menu locks up my whole machine (nothing in Microsoft Office works). When I go to "Fonts" in the control panel, it says 0 items. I went through all of the font settings trying to get them to appear. Nothing helps. I tried to bring up the Character Map and that froze up my machine too. How can I fix this? If I do not get this issue resolved soon, I am wiping this drive and going back to XP (and probably never purchasing another version of Windows again). I never had any issues with XP and have had nothing but performance problems when switching to Windows 7. My quad-core intel extreme with 8GB of RAM should never flinch with the kind of work that I do, and something simple like playing a song off an external HD takes up to five seconds on Windows 7. Unbelievable that I had to pay for this crap!

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• How to resolve 'No internet connectivity issues' with a Virtualised 2008 R2 Server using Forefront UAG

  - by user684589

  I have spent some considerable time reading up on as many possible blogs and articles as I can to help me solve why my VM (Running on Hyper-V) for DirectAccess has suddenly stopped being able to access the internet. The VM setup shares the same internet connection on which I have written and submitted this question so I know that the actual underlying internet connection is fully functional. Previous to last week the DirectAccess was fully functional and had no issues. This is a recent problem which was led up to by a number of consistent crashes on the DA machine when access was attempted. Upon reboot all seemed well until recently. I am not certain whether it is relevant, but previously to this I had a number of power issues where the entire VM host shutdown unexpectedly leaving around 8 VM's in a bad way. Upon restart, the UAG DirectAccess machine was unable to access its configuration service (although the service was started) but this seemed to relate to the Light-Weight Active Directory Service AD LDS which had a corrupted database. Having repaired this database, I restarted the service and could subsequently reconnect to the configuration service again. For good measure I re-bound the network adapters (virtualised through Hyper-V) and DirectAccess claimed to be all happy again. However as it stands my machine is still unable to access the internet showing the "No internet connectivity" exclamation mark for the external facing NIC. I have also tried removing the adapters, disabling, re-enabling and the problem persists. The intranet part of the VM CorpNet seems to be fully functional as before and I'm running out of ideas. Any input would be greatly appreciated. I am not an advanced Domain Administrator so please be gentle.

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• Tuning Linux + HAProxy

  - by react

  I'm currently rolling out HAProxy on Centos 6 which will send requests to some Apache HTTPD servers and I'm having issues with performance. I've spent the last couple of days googling and still can't seem to get past 10k/sec connections consistently when benchmarking (sometimes I do get 30k/sec though). I've pinned the IRQ's of the TX/RX queues for both the internal and external NICS to separate CPU cores and made sure HAProxy is pinned to it's own core. I've also made the following adjustments to sysctl.conf: # Max open file descriptors fs.file-max = 331287 # TCP Tuning net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65023 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 10240 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 400000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 60000 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 3 net.core.somaxconn = 40000 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 8192 16384 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 8192 16384 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 65536 98304 131072 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 40000 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 If I use AB to hit the a webserver directly I easily get 30k/s connections. If I stop the webservers and use AB to hit HAProxy then I get 30k/s connections but obviously it's useless. I've also disabled iptables for now since I read that nf_conntrack can slow everything down, no change. I've also disabled the irqbalance service. The fact that I can hit each individual device with 30k/s makes me believe the tuning of the servers is OK and that it must be some HAProxy config? Here's the config which I've built from reading tuning articles, etc http://pastebin.com/zsCyAtgU The server is a dual Xeon CPU E5-2620 (6 cores) with 32GB of RAM. Running Centos 6.2 x64. The private and public interfaces are on separate NICS. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks.

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• Is this a good starting point for iptables in Linux?

  - by sbrattla

  Hi, I'm new to iptables, and i've been trying to put together a firewall which purpose is to protect a web server. The below rules are the ones i've put together so far, and i would like to hear if the rules makes sense - and wether i've left out anything essential? In addition to port 80, i also need to have port 3306 (mysql) and 22 (ssh) open for external connections. Any feedback is highly appreciated! #!/bin/sh # Clear all existing rules. iptables -F # ACCEPT connections for loopback network connection, 127.0.0.1. iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # ALLOW established traffic iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # DROP packets that are NEW but does not have the SYN but set. iptables -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # DROP fragmented packets, as there is no way to tell the source and destination ports of such a packet. iptables -A INPUT -f -j DROP # DROP packets with all tcp flags set (XMAS packets). iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # DROP packets with no tcp flags set (NULL packets). iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # ALLOW ssh traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -m limit --limit 1/s -j ACCEPT # ALLOW http traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport http -m limit --limit 5/s -j ACCEPT # ALLOW mysql traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport mysql -m limit --limit 25/s -j ACCEPT # DROP any other traffic. iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

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• disk write cache buffer and separate power supply

  - by HugoRune

  Windows has a setting to turn off the write-cache buffer (see image) Turn off Windows write-cache buffer flushing on the device To prevent data loss, do not select this check box unless the device has a separate power supply that allows the device to flush its buffer in case of power failure. Is it feasible and economical to get such a "separate power supply" for the internal sata drives of a non-server PC? Under what name is such a power supply sold? I know that there are UPS devices that can be connected to external drives,but what is required to be able to switch this setting safely on for an internal disk? The setting has different descriptions in different version of windows Windows XP: Enable write caching on the disk This setting enables write caching in Windows to improve disk performance, but a power outage or equipment failure might result in data loss or corruption. Windows Server 2003: Enable write caching on the disk Recommended only for disks with a backup power supply. This setting further improves disk performance, but it also increases the risk of data loss if the disk loses power. Windows Vista: Enable advanced performance Recommended only for disks with a backup power supply. This setting further improves disk performance, but it also increases the risk of data loss if the disk loses power. Windows 7 and 8: Turn off Windows write-cache buffer flushing on the device To prevent data loss, do not select this check box unless the device has a separate power supply that allows the device to flush its buffer in case of power failure. This article by Raymond Chen has some more detailed information about what the setting does.

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• Connect USB hard drive to wireless router on RJ45 port? Possible?

  - by lawphotog

  just a quick story behind. I was trying to set up wireless networked hard drive at home. My wireless router doesn't take USB. I am considering few options. First i was considering to get something like WD My Cloud. My router is an old one provided by service provider. It only has 10/100 Ethernet. WD My Cloud has Gigabit interface. So unless i changed a new router, data transfer will be slow. So upgrading the router is a must if i want fast transfer speed. Plus I already own an external hard drive with USB 3.0 interface. So if I get a router like Netgear D6300, i can get a decent speed wireless shared drive at home. And i can use my existing HDD instead of WD My Cloud. But the router isn't cheap so I am saving up for that. In the meantime I found out the existence of USB to RJ45 adaptor. I read the reviews and some say it works for them and for some don't. They didn't really say what they were trying to do so I'm confused. So if i bought an adaptor like this, can i connect my existing HDD (USB) with my existing router (RJ45) and use it as a shared drive for data transfer? I know it will be slow as the adaptor will only have USB 2.0 and 10/100 for Ethernet. But it's fine as it's for temporary until i got my new router.

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• hyper-v cluster behavior when losing network connectivity

  - by ChristopheD

  Setup: (rather new) Hyper-V R2 cluster with 2 nodes (in failover configuration). Fysical host OS: Windows Server 2008. About eight VM's (mixed: Windows Server 2008 and Linux) Yesterday we had a power outage of about 15 minutes. Our blades are on UPS so the fysical host machines (Windows Server 2008) never went down. Our main switches are not on UPS (yet) and we saw the behaviour similar to the following (as distilled from the event logs). The nodes in the cluster lost means of communication (because the external switches went down). The cluster wants to bring down one (the first) of the nodes (to start failover?). The previous step impacts clustered storage where the virtual machine VHD's are located. All VM's got brutally terminated and were found in a failed state in the failover manager in the host OS'es. The Linux VM's were kernel panicking and looked like they had their disk ripped out. This whole setup is rather new to us, so we are still learning about this. The question: We are putting switches on UPS soon but were wondering if the above is expected behavior (seems rather fragile) or if there are obvious improvements configuration-wise to handle such scenario's ? I can upload an evtx file concerning what exactly was going on in case that's necessary.

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• Windows 7 SSH file server

  - by Siriss

  Hello all- I have looked at the other posts, but have not quite found an answer I have a question about windows file sharing over SSH. I have copssh installed and it is working for Remote desktop connections. I have port 22 forwarded on my router etc. I connect from a Mac or Putty with this address: ssh -l copsshusername 3391:localhost:3389 [external ip] That works fine. I would like to configure Windows 7 to allow my ssh account that I use to login, access to certain shared folders. I have documents and videos and things that I would like to be able to download externally. I have done this before on Linux and a long time ago on XP, but I cannot figure out what I am missing on Windows 7. There is a designated SSH user that copssh uses to run the service and that I use to to login as. I have googled and googled and have not found a solution that does everything I need that is why I am turning here for ideas. I hope I am explaining this correctly. Thank you very much for your help!

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• SBS DC DNS entries going missing?

  - by Chris W

  I've been looking at a problem on a friends SBS (2003) server where the client PC's aren't able to connect to the server with a variety of errors reported. Checking the server itself the only indicator of an issue is an error 5782: Dynamic registration or deregistration of one or more DNS records failed with the following error: No DNS servers configured for the local system. Running a dcdiag reports that there are no DNS records registered for the DC so I fixed the problem by doing a netdiag /fix after which the dcdiag comes back clean and clients are ok again. It happened a few weeks ago as well and the same fix solved it. What are the possible causes of the DC DNS entries going missing? Is this a config option that needs tweaking or could it be solved by something simple like scheduling the SBS server to re-boot periodically? The only change they can think of that was made near to the time of the first instance of this problem occurring is that RRAS was started up to allow for a VPN connection from a home user. NB - The server is setup with a pair of NICs in a team so the server has a single virtual NIC providing both LAN/WAN connections to it. An external hardware firewall is in use rather than the windows firewall.

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