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  • Who extends interfaces? And why?

    - by Gangnus
    AFAIK, my class extends parent classes and implements interfaces. But I run across a situation, where I can't use implements SomeInterface. It is the declaration of a generic types. For example: public interface CallsForGrow {...} public class GrowingArrayList <T implements CallsForGrow> // BAD, won't work! extends ArrayList<T> Here using implements is syntactically forbidden. I thought first, that using interface inside < is forbidden at all, but no. It is possible, I only have to use extends instead of implements. As a result, I am "extending" an interface. This another example works: public interface CallsForGrow {...} public class GrowingArrayList <T extends CallsForGrow> // this works! extends ArrayList<T> To me it seems as a syntactical inconsistancy. But maybe I don't understand some finesses of Java 6? Are there other places where I should extend interfaces? Should the interface, that I mean to extend, have some special features?

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  • Interface (contract), Generics (universality), and extension methods (ease of use). Is it a right design?

    - by Saeed Neamati
    I'm trying to design a simple conversion framework based on these requirements: All developers should follow a predefined set of rules to convert from the source entity to the target entity Some overall policies should be able to be applied in a central place, without interference with developers' code Both the creation of converters and usage of converter classes should be easy To solve these problems in C# language, A thought came to my mind. I'm writing it here, though it doesn't compile at all. But let's assume that C# compiles this code: I'll create a generic interface called IConverter public interface IConverter<TSource, TTarget> where TSource : class, new() where TTarget : class, new() { TTarget Convert(TSource source); List<TTarget> Convert(List<TSource> sourceItems); } Developers would implement this interface to create converters. For example: public class PhoneToCommunicationChannelConverter : IConverter<Phone, CommunicationChannle> { public CommunicationChannel Convert(Phone phone) { // conversion logic } public List<CommunicationChannel> Convert(List<Phone> phones) { // conversion logic } } And to make the usage of this conversion class easier, imagine that we add static and this keywords to methods to turn them into Extension Methods, and use them this way: List<Phone> phones = GetPhones(); List<CommunicationChannel> channels = phones.Convert(); However, this doesn't even compile. With those requirements, I can think of some other designs, but they each lack an aspect. Either the implementation would become more difficult or chaotic and out of control, or the usage would become truly hard. Is this design right at all? What alternatives I might have to achieve those requirements?

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  • What's the right/standard way of achieving separation of concerns?

    - by Ghanima
    Some background: I want to start developing games, and taking some of the advice given in this site, I've started with something simple and familiar, such as pong, tetris, etc. I want to take as much time as needed to make sure that I have the basics right before moving on to something bigger. I have medium programming experience but I realize making games is a different thing. I find myself wondering many things like should this be in a separate class? Should this module handle this stuff or is it better to let other modules have that kind of functionality? For example, the bouncing of a ball in pong, right now is handled in the ball module, but maybe it's better that some other module did it. Right now I have different modules: one for the graphics, one for the game logic, and others for the objects (depending on the kind of movement required, not all the objects are alike). I know I am asking a lot, any tips you have will be very much appreciated. Short question: What's the right or standard way of separating the modules? What have you found most effective? Is it enough to just keep the drawing (graphics) and the logic separate? Is it necessary to have a lot of classes? (for example for the objects in the game, to handle the movement, etc)

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  • Information I need to know as a Java Developer [on hold]

    - by Woy
    I'm a java developer. I'm trying to get more knowledge to become a better programmer. I've listed a number of technologies to learn. Instead of what I've listed, what technologies would you suggest to learn as well for a Junior Java Developer? I realize, there's a lot of things to study. Java: - how a garbage collector works - resource management - network programming - TCP/IP HTTP - transactions, - consistency: interfaces, classes collections, hash codes, algorithms, comp. complexity concurrent programming: synchronizing, semafores steam management metability: thread-safety byte code manipulations, reflections, Aspect-Oriented Programming as base to understand frameworks such as Spring etc. Web stack: servlets, filters, socket programming Libraries: JDK, GWT, Apache Commons, Joda-Time, Dependency Injections: Spring, Nano Tools: IDE: very good knowledge - debugger - profiler - web analyzers: Wireshark, firebugs - unit testing SQL/Databases: Basics SELECTing columns from a table Aggregates Part 1: COUNT, SUM, MAX/MIN Aggregates Part 2: DISTINCT, GROUP BY, HAVING + Intermediate JOINs, ANSI-89 and ANSI-92 syntax + UNION vs UNION ALL x NULL handling: COALESCE & Native NULL handling Subqueries: IN, EXISTS, and inline views Subqueries: Correlated ITH syntax: Subquery Factoring/CTE Views Advanced Topics Functions, Stored Procedures, Packages Pivoting data: CASE & PIVOT syntax Hierarchical Queries Cursors: Implicit and Explicit Triggers Dynamic SQL Materialized Views Query Optimization: Indexes Query Optimization: Explain Plans Query Optimization: Profiling Data Modelling: Normal Forms, 1 through 3 Data Modelling: Primary & Foreign Keys Data Modelling: Table Constraints Data Modelling: Link/Corrollary Tables Full Text Searching XML Isolation Levels Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs), Logical and Physical Transactions: COMMIT, ROLLBACK, Error Handling

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  • How to start Sharepoint Development - Resources wanted [closed]

    - by user1249641
    I'm a apprentice for software development here in good ol' Germany and I've been doing fairly well with c#, asp.net mvc, entity framework and LINQ so far. My superiors want me to focus solely on our intranet development and Sharepoint development. They don't provide me with any resources to start. No books, no co-workers with actual webpart-dev-experience, seminars and the likes. There for it's do it on your own or die. I bought a book and started working through it on my virtual machine messing with the infrastructure and everything i can get a grip on. My main problem however stays the actual development. I have managed to write 2 webparts which can be used as a rudimentary ticket system(using WSP Builder and SP2007). But there it stops. Are there any comprehensive step by step tutorials or blogs out there, like the asp.net tutorials on www.asp.net which take you by the hand go over each step with you? Starting with the basic classes, going over custom css implementation, Jquery/Javascript ajax and async calls? No matter how trivial, I appreciate every help and hint you can give.

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  • What patterns book for iOS development contains this specific information? [closed]

    - by Brett Ryan
    I've read several books on iOS development and Objective-C, however what a lot of them teach is how to work with interfaces and all contain the model inside the view controller, i.e. a UITableViewController based view will simply have an NSArray as it's model. I'm interested in what the best practices are for designing the structure of an application. Specifically I'm interested in best practices for the following: How to separate a model from the view controller. I think I know how to do this by simply replacing the NSArray style example with a specific model object, however what I do not know how to do is alert the view when the model changes. For example in .NET I would solve this by conforming to INotifyPropertyChanged and databinding, and similarly with Java I would use PropertyChangeListener. How to create a service model for my domain objects. For example I want to learn the best way to create a service for a hypothetical Widget object to manage an internal DB and also services for communicating with remote endpoints. I need to learn the best ways to do this in a way that interface components can subscribe to events such as widgetUpdated. These services should be singleton classes and some how dependency injected into model/controller objects. Books I've read so far are: Programming in Objective-C (4th Edition) Beginning iOS 5 Development: Exploring the iOS SDK The iOS 5 Developer's Cookbook: Expanded Electronic Edition: Essentials and Advanced Recipes for iOS Programmers Learn Objective-C on the Mac: For OS X and iOS I've also purchased the following updated books but not yet read them. The Core iOS 6 Developer's Cookbook (4th edition Programming in Objective-C (5th Edition) I come from a Java and C# background with 15 years experience, I understand that many of the ways I would do things in these languages may not fit to the ObjC way of developing applications. Would someone be able to provide me with the book on this topic containing this specific subject matter?

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  • MVC design patterns

    - by insane-36
    I have an application and it does not use a very good structure. However it seems to me that I have tried to stick to mvc design pattern but a senior engineer claims that I have no design patterns and code are mesh. How I have structured the code : I have couple of nsmanagedobject model classes which represents model in my case and a reskit library which encapsulates the nsurlconnection and url request. I fetch the request from the view controller itself and then when the request get completed I create predicate and then populate it in tableview. Wherever I need custom view either I create it in nib or create in a custom subclass of UIView. I have use delegation pattern and notification to communication to view controller, views and block callback with restkit. But, the senior engineer is very new to ios. He has been doing it for 2 months now but he is a good java programmer. So, what is mvc pattern ? Is core data model not working as a model objects, view controller as controller and views. I dont seem to find any other places or any other cases to create my own model object since the most of the models are used as NSManagedObject subclass.

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  • Sprite batching in OpenGL

    - by Roy T.
    I've got a JAVA based game with an OpenGL rendering front that is drawing a large amount of sprites every frame (during testing it peaked at 700). Now this game is completely unoptimized. There is no spatial partitioning (so a sprite is drawn even if it isn't on screen) and every sprite is drawn separately like this: graphics.glPushMatrix(); { graphics.glTranslated(x, y, 0.0); graphics.glRotated(degrees, 0, 0, 1); graphics.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS); graphics.glTexCoord2f (1.0f, 0.0f); graphics.glVertex2d(half_size , half_size); // upper right // same for upper left, lower left, lower right graphics.glEnd(); } graphics.glPopMatrix(); Currently the game is running at +-25FPS and is CPU bound. I would like to improve performance by adding spatial partitioning (which I know how to do) and sprite batching. Not drawing sprites that aren't on screen will help a lot, however since players can zoom out it won't help enough, hence the need for batching. However sprite batching in OpenGL is a bit of mystery to me. I usually work with XNA where a few classes to do this are built in. But in OpenGL I don't know what to do. As for further optimization, the game I'm working on as a few interesting characteristics. A lot of sprites have the same texture and all the sprites are square. Maybe these characteristics will help determine an efficient batching technique?

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  • REST API wrapper - class design for 'lite' object responses

    - by sasfrog
    I am writing a class library to serve as a managed .NET wrapper over a REST API. I'm very new to OOP, and this task is an ideal opportunity for me to learn some OOP concepts in a real-life situation that makes sense to me. Some of the key resources/objects that the API returns are returned with different levels of detail depending on whether the request is for a single instance, a list, or part of a "search all resources" response. This is obviously a good design for the REST API itself, so that full objects aren't returned (thus increasing the size of the response and therefore the time taken to respond) unless they're needed. So, to be clear: .../car/1234.json returns the full Car object for 1234, all its properties like colour, make, model, year, engine_size, etc. Let's call this full. .../cars.json returns a list of Car objects, but only with a subset of the properties returned by .../car/1234.json. Let's call this lite. ...search.json returns, among other things, a list of car objects, but with minimal properties (only ID, make and model). Let's call this lite-lite. I want to know what the pros and cons of each of the following possible designs are, and whether there is a better design that I haven't covered: Create a Car class that models the lite-lite properties, and then have each of the more detailed responses inherit and extend this class. Create separate CarFull, CarLite and CarLiteLite classes corresponding to each of the responses. Create a single Car class that contains (nullable?) properties for the full response, and create constructors for each of the responses which populate it to the extent possible (and maybe include a property that returns the response type from which the instance was created). I expect among other things there will be use cases for consumers of the wrapper where they will want to iterate through lists of Cars, regardless of which response type they were created from, such that the three response types can contribute to the same list. Happy to be pointed to good resources on this sort of thing, and/or even told the name of the concept I'm describing so I can better target my research.

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  • Data Access Objects old fashioned? [on hold]

    - by Bono
    A couple of weeks ago I delivered some work for a university project. After a code review with some teachers I got some snarky remarks about the fact that I was (still) using Data Access Objects. The teacher in question who said this mentions the use of DAO's in his classes and always says something along the lines of "Back then we always used DAO's". He's a big fan of Object Relational Mapping, which I also think is a great tool. When I was talking about this with some of my fellow students, they also mentioned that they prefer the use of ORM, which I can understand. It did make me wonder though, is using DAO's really so old fashioned? I know that at my work DAO's are still being used, but this is due to the fact that some of the code is rather old and therefor can't be coupled with ORM. We also do use ORM at my work. Trying to find some more information on Google or Stack Exchange sites didn't really enlighten me. Should I step away from the use of DAO's and only start implementing ORM? I just feel that ORM's can be a bit overkill for some simple projects. I'd love to hear your opinions (or facts) about this.

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  • Game Asset Management

    - by user964123
    I am making my first small mobile game in C# XNA. Lets say I have 3 screens, the main menu, options and game screen. A single game session usually lasts for 1 min, so the user will alternate frequently between the main menu and game screen. Therefore, once I load the textures for either screen, I want to keep them in memory to avoid frequent reloading. Both screens share some assets like their background textures, but differ in others. The first solution I came up with is making 2 texture factory classes, MainScreenAssetFactory and GameScreenAssetFactory, each with their own content manager, and ill store them in a globally accessible point so that they persist after either screen is destroyed. There is also a OptionsScreenAssetFactory, but that I dont want to cache it since the options screen is rarely visited. A typical Factory would look something like this public class MainScreenAssetFactory { private readonly ContentManager contentManager; public MainScreenAssetFactory(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, string rootDirectory) { contentManager = new ContentManager(serviceProvider) { RootDirectory = rootDirectory }; } public Texture2D ListElementBackground { get { return return contentManager.Load<Texture2D>("UserTab"); } } public Texture2D ListElementBulletPoint { get { return return contentManager.Load<Texture2D>("TabIcon"); } } public Texture2D LoggedOutUser { get { return return contentManager.Load<Texture2D>("LoggedOutUser"); } } } Since both Main, Options and Game Screen share some common resources, instead of loading them more than once, I created another class CommonAssetTexFactory which holds the common stuff and stays in-memory during the app lifetime. For example, this class gets passed to the options screen when it is created. However, given my small game with its few assets, I am already finding this solution cumbersome and inflexible. Changing anything would require looking to see if its already in the common factory, and if not, modifying existing factories and so on. And this is just considering textures currently, i didnt add sound files yet. I cant imagine bigger games with thousands of resources using this approach. A better idea must exist. Would someone please enlighten me?

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  • What is a good way to refactor a large, terribly written code base by myself? [closed]

    - by AgentKC
    Possible Duplicate: Techniques to re-factor garbage and maintain sanity? I have a fairly large PHP code base that I have been writing for the past 3 years. The problem is, I wrote this code when I was a terrible programmer and now it's tens of thousands of lines of conditionals and random MySQL queries everywhere. As you can imagine, there are a ton of bugs and they are extremely hard to find and fix. So I would like a good method to refactor this code so that it is much more manageable. The source code is quite bad; I did not even use classes or functions when I originally wrote it. At this point, I am considering rewriting the whole thing. I am the only developer and my time is pretty limited. I would like to get this done as quickly as possible, so I can get back to writing new features. Since rewriting the code would take a long time, I am looking for some methods that I can use to clean up the code as quickly as possible without leaving more bad architecture that will come back to haunt me later. So this is the basic question: What is a good way for a single developer to take a fairly large code base that has no architecture and refactor it into something with reasonable architecture that is not a nightmare to maintain and expand?

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  • Getting an object from a 2d array inside of a class

    - by user36324
    I am have a class file that contains two classes, platform and platforms. platform holds the single platform information, and platforms has an 2d array of platforms. Im trying to render all of them in a for loop but it is not working. If you could kindly help me i would greatly appreciate. void Platforms::setUp() { for(int x = 0; x < tilesW; x++){ for(int y = 0; y < tilesH; y++){ Platform tempPlat(x,y,true,renderer,filename,tileSize/scaleW,tileSize/scaleH); platArray[x][y] = tempPlat; } } } void Platforms::show() { for(int x = 0; x < tilesW; x++){ for(int y = 0; y < tilesH; y++){ platArray[x][y].show(renderer,scaleW,scaleH); } } }

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  • Designing object oriented programming

    - by Pota Onasys
    Basically, I want to make api calls using an SDK I am writing. I have the following classes: Car CarData (stores input values needed to create a car like model, make, etc) Basically to create a car I do the following: [Car carWithData: cardata onSuccess: successHandler onError: errorHandler] that basically is a factory method that creates instance of Car after making an API call request and populating the new Car class with the response and passes that instance to the successHandler. So "Car" has the above static method to create that car, but also has non-static methods to edit, delete cars (which would make edit, delete API calls to the server) So when the Car create static method passes a new car to the successHandler by doing the following: successHandler([[Car alloc] initWithDictionary: dictionary) The success handler can go ahead and use that new car to do the following: [car update: cardata] [car delete] considering the new car object now has an ID for each car that it can pass to the update and delete API calls. My questions: Do I need a cardata object to store user inputs or can I store them in the car object that would also later store the response from all of the api calls? How can I improve this model? With regards to CarData, note that there might be different inputs for the different API calls. So create function might need to know model, make, etc, but find function might need to know the number of items to find, the limit, the start id, etc.

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  • Interfaces on an abstract class

    - by insta
    My coworker and I have different opinions on the relationship between base classes and interfaces. I'm of the belief that a class should not implement an interface unless that class can be used when an implementation of the interface is required. In other words, I like to see code like this: interface IFooWorker { void Work(); } abstract class BaseWorker { ... base class behaviors ... public abstract void Work() { } protected string CleanData(string data) { ... } } class DbWorker : BaseWorker, IFooWorker { public void Work() { Repository.AddCleanData(base.CleanData(UI.GetDirtyData())); } } The DbWorker is what gets the IFooWorker interface, because it is an instantiatable implementation of the interface. It completely fulfills the contract. My coworker prefers the nearly identical: interface IFooWorker { void Work(); } abstract class BaseWorker : IFooWorker { ... base class behaviors ... public abstract void Work() { } protected string CleanData(string data) { ... } } class DbWorker : BaseWorker { public void Work() { Repository.AddCleanData(base.CleanData(UI.GetDirtyData())); } } Where the base class gets the interface, and by virtue of this all inheritors of the base class are of that interface as well. This bugs me but I can't come up with concrete reasons why, outside of "the base class cannot stand on its own as an implementation of the interface". What are the pros & cons of his method vs. mine, and why should one be used over another?

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  • Standard/Compliance for web programming?

    - by MarkusK
    I am working with developers right now that write code the way they want and when i tell them to do it other way they respond that its just matter of preference how to do it and they have their way and i have mine. I am not talking about the formatting of code, but rather of way site is organized in classes and the way the utilize them. and the way they create functions and process forms etc. Their coding does not match my standards, but again they argue that its matter of preference and as long as goal achieved the can be different way's to do it. I agree but their way is proven to have bugs and we spend a lot of time going back and forth with them to fix all problems security or functionality, yet they still write same code no matter how many times i asked them to stop doing certain things. Now i am ready to dismiss them but friend of mine told me that he has same exact problem with freelance developers he work with. So i don't want to trade one bad apple for another. Question is is there some world wide (or at least europe and usa) accepted standard or compliance on how write secure web based applications. What application architecture should be for maintainable application. Is there are some general standard that can be used for any language ruby php or java govern security and functionality and quality of code? Or at least for PHP and MySQL i use for my website. So i can make them follow this strict standard and stop making excuses.

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  • Avoiding bloated Domain Objects

    - by djcredo
    We're trying to move data from our bloated Service layer into our Domain layer using a DDD approach. We currently have a lot of business logic in our services, which is spread out all over the place and doesn't benefit from inheritance. We have a central Domain class which is the focus of most of our work - a Trade. The Trade object will know how to price itself, how to estimate risk, validate itself, etc. We can then replace conditionals with polymorphism. Eg: SimpleTrade will price itself one way, but ComplexTrade will price itself another. However, we are worried that this will bloat the Trade class(s). It really should be in charge of its own processing but the class size is going to increase exponentially as more features are added. So we have choices: Put processing logic in Trade class. Processing logic is now polymorphic based on the type of the trade, but Trade class is now has multiple responsibilites (pricing, risk, etc) and is large Put processing logic into other class such as TradePricingService. No longer polymorphic with the Trade inheritance tree, but classes are smaller and easier to test. What would be the suggested approach?

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  • How to use lists in equivalence partitioning?

    - by KhDonen
    I have read that equivalence partitioning can be used typically for intervals or lists, e.g. I assume it can be used for every set of inputs. Anyway if the requirement says that allowed colors are (RED,BLUE,BLACK, GREEN), I cannot treat them like a list, right? I mean, testing one of them would not be enough because developers most likely used some switch-case and thus it is not real "set" where one could represent also the others. So how it is meant with lists? Also what is not that clear to me, I do not think it is always possible to do the initial partioning and then design the test cases. What about checking two lines intersection: Y=MX+C. (two inputs) 1) The lines are paraller. M1=M1 but C1 must be different from C2. 2) Lines are intersecting. M1 must be different from M2. 3) Coincident. The are the same. How can I use partitioning here? THis is actually taken from a book and it says that these sets are eq.classes.

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  • Create a rectangle struct to be rotated and have a .Intersects() function

    - by MintyAnt
    In my XNA program, I am trying to swing a sword. The sword starts at an angle of 180 degrees, then rotates (clockwise) to an angle of 90 degrees. The Rectangle struct that XNA provides, Rectangle mAttackBox = new Rectangle(int x, int y, int width, int height); However, this struct has two problems: Holds position and size in Integers, not Floats Cannot be rotated I was hoping someone could help me in either telling me that i'm wrong and the Rectangle can be used for both these methods, or can lead me down the right path for rotating a rectangle. I know how to create a Struct. I believe that I can make methods like classes. I can determine the 4 vertices of a 2D rectangle by calculating out the x,y of the other 3 given the length, width. I'm sure theres a Matrix class I can use to multiply each point against a Rotation matrix. But once i have my 4 vertices, I got two other problems: - How do I test other rectangles against it? How does .Intersects() work for the rectangle struct? - Is this even the fastest way to do it? I'd be constantly doing matrix multiplication, wouldnt that slow things down?

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  • Value my C++ knowledge

    - by PirateOwh
    I have only followed antiRTFM tutorials and read 2 books So, I'll list the things I know better : basic input output and all the variables : integers ( signed unsigned ), float, double, char arrays if, for, while, switch functions, and passing variables to functions and return type thing classes and the concept of oop with separating declaration and definition in the header and in the source pointers so this and some more i think is all i know of C++.. But, i need some exercises to test my knowledge because i want to move on to the library SDL, so I don't know if i should feel ready or not to move on to something totally different.. I feel I should know the basics for good at least. So the question is : How can i value my c++ knowledge? Is there any online tests? Is there any GDD ( Game Design Document ) for free to use and see if i can manage to do it so "i'd pass" ? ( I'm saying GDD since ill move on to SDL and try to make my own game ) When should I move to SDL? What are ALL the things I should "master" ( master is a big word to say.. but so you understand what i mean ) before moving on ? Please I'm really in need of expert advice. I think my question is detailed so i hope you understand what i mean and can give me a good reply. Thanks for the help!

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  • Coping with build order requirements in automated builds

    - by Derecho
    I have three Scala packages being built as separate sbt projects in separate repos with a dependency graph like this: M---->D ^ ^ | | +--+--+ ^ | S S is a service. M is a set of message classes shared between S and another service. D is a DAL used by S and the other service, and some of its model appears in the shared messages. If I make a breaking change to all three, and push them up to my Git repo, a build of S will be kicked off in Jenkins. The build will only be successful if, when S is pushed, M and D have already been pushed. Otherwise, Jenkins will find it doesn't have the right dependent package versions available. Even pushing them simultaneously wouldn't be enough -- the dependencies would have to be built and published before the dependent job was even started. Making the jobs dependent in Jenkins isn't enough, because that would just cause the previous version to be built, resulting in an artifact that doesn't have the needed version. Is there a way to set things up so that I don't have to remember to push things in the right order? The only way I can see it working is if there was a way that a build could go into a pending state if its dependencies weren't available yet. I feel like there's a simple solution I'm missing. Surely people deal with this a lot?

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  • What OO Design to use ( is there a Design Pattern )?

    - by Blundell
    I have two objects that represent a 'Bar/Club' ( a place where you drink/socialise). In one scenario I need the bar name, address, distance, slogon In another scenario I need the bar name, address, website url, logo So I've got two objects representing the same thing but with different fields. I like to use immutable objects, so all the fields are set from the constructor. One option is to have two constructors and null the other fields i.e: class Bar { private final String name; private final Distance distance; private final Url url; public Bar(String name, Distance distance){ this.name = name; this.distance = distance; this.url = null; } public Bar(String name, Url url){ this.name = name; this.distance = null; this.url = url; } // getters } I don't like this as you would have to null check when you use the getters In my real example the first scenario has 3 fields and the second scenario has about 10, so it would be a real pain having two constructors, the amount of fields I would have to declare null and then when the object are in use you wouldn't know which Bar you where using and so what fields would be null and what wouldn't. What other options do I have? Two classes called BarPreview and Bar? Some type of inheritance / interface? Something else that is awesome?

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  • Is spreading code with refactoring comments a good idea?

    - by Uooo
    I am working on a "spaghetti-code" project, and while I am fixing bugs and implementing new features, I also do some refactoring in order to make the code unit-testable. The code is often so tightly coupled or complicated that fixing a small bug would result in a lot of classes being rewritten. So I decided to draw a line somewhere in the code where I stop refactoring. To make this clear, I drop some comments in the code explaining the situation, like: class RefactoredClass { private SingletonClass xyz; // I know SingletonClass is a Singleton, so I would not need to pass it here. // However, I would like to get rid of it in the future, so it is passed as a // parameter here to make this change easier later. public RefactoredClass(SingletonClass xyz) { this.xyz = xyz; } } Or, another piece of cake: // This might be a good candidate to be refactored. The structure is like: // Version String // | // +--> ... // | // +--> ... // | // ... and so on ... // Map map = new HashMap<String, Map<String, Map<String, List<String>>>>(); Is this a good idea? What should I keep in mind when doing so?

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  • Managing game objects/components

    - by Xeon06
    Good day everyone, By far the biggest problem that has always dawned on my when programming games is how to structure my code. It just becomes an incredible mess after a while. The reason for that is because I have no idea how different classes should interact with each other. Let's have an example. Say I have a class Player, a class PlayerInput and a class Map. The player class contains information as to the location of the player, whereas the player input class handles changing that location, but by first making sure it's within a walkable area from the map class. How to structure this? My usual approach is to pass those components as parameters in the constructors of the parameters that need them, like so: var map = new Map(); var player = new Player(); var input = new PlayerInput(player, map); The problem with that is that it quickly gets messy, when you add new components you have to go through your constructors and update them, and it doesn't work well if you have mirroring references: var physics = new Physics(input); //Oops, doesn't work var input = new Input(physics); So, how do you guys usually manage this? Thanks.

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  • How should I structure the implementation of turn-based board game rules?

    - by Setzer22
    I'm trying to create a turn-based strategy game on a tilemap. I'm using design by component so far, but I can't find a nice way to fit components into the part I want to ask. I'm struggling with the "game rules" logic. That is, the code that displays the menu, allows the player to select units, and command them, then tells the unit game objects what to do given the player input. The best way I could thing of handling this was using a big state machine, so everything that could be done in a "turn" is handled by this state machine, and the update code of this state machine does different things depending on the state. However, this approach leads to a large amount of code (anything not model-related) going into a big class. Of course I can subdivide this big class into more classes, but it doesn't feel modular and upgradable enough. I'd like to know of better systems to handle this in order to be able to upgrade the game with new rules without having a monstruous if/else chain (or switch / case, for that matter). Any ideas? What specific design pattern other than MVC should I be using?

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