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• What defines a language as a scripting language? [closed]

  - by Mathew Foscarini

  Possible Duplicate: What is the main difference between Scripting Languages and Programming Languages? I'd like to know what defines a language as a scripting language compared against other programming languages. Some possible scripting languages might include AutoCad LISP, Linux Bash, DOS Batch, Javascript or ActionScript in Flash. Where is the distinction made that makes a language a scripting language? Are there a set of clearly define rules to classify it as such?

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• SQL Server 2008 R2: These are a Few of My Favorite Things

  - by smisner

  This month's T-SQL Tuesday is hosted by Jorge Segarra (blog | twitter) who decided that we should write about our favorite new feature in SQL Server 2008 R2. The majority of my published works concentrates on Reporting Services, so the obious answer for me is about favorite new features is...Reporting Services. I can't pick just one thing in Reporting Services, so instead I thought I'd compile a list of my posts of the new features in Reporting Services 2008 R2: Map Wizard for spatial data (The World is But a Stage) Pagination features (I've Got Your Page Number) Lookup functions (Look Up, Look Down, Look All Around - Part I, Part II, Part III) Test Connection button (Testing, Testing 1-2-3) Conditional formatting based on format, i.e. RenderFormat (As You Like It) And I wrote an overview of the business intelligence features in SQL Server 2008 R2 for Microsoft Press in the free e-book, Introducing Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2, if you're curious about what else is new in both the BI platform as well as the relational engine. Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• Could someone help me understand SQL TDE Database encryption?

  - by SLC

  I don't quite follow how it works. According to the MSDN Article there is a big hierarchy of keys protecting other keys and passwords. At some point the database is encrypted. You query the database which is encrypted, and it works seamlessly. If you're able to simply connect to the database as normal and not have to worry about any of the encryption from a developer point of view, how exactly is it secure? Surely anyone can simply connect and do select * from x and the data is revealed. Sorry my question is a bit scattered, I am just very confused by the article.

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• At what size of data does it become beneficial to move from SQL to NoSQL?

  - by wobbily_col

  As a relational database programmer (most of the time), I read articles about how relational databases don't scale, and NoSQL solutions such as MongoDB do. As most of the databases I have developed so far have been small to mid scale, I have never had a problem that hasn't been solved by some indexing, query optimization or schema redesign. What sort of size would I expect to see MySQL struggling with. How many rows? (I know this is going to depend on the application, and type of data stored. the one that got me thing was basically a genetics database, so would have one main table, with 3 or 4 lookup tables. The main table will contain amongst other things, a chromosome reference, and a position coordinate. It will likely get queried for a number of entries between two potions on a chromosome, to see what is stored there).

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• Random MongoDb Syntax: Updates

  - by Liam McLennan

  I have a MongoDb collection called tweets. Each document has a property system_classification. If the value of system_classification is ‘+’ I want to change it to ‘positive’. For a regular relational database the query would be: update tweets set system_classification = 'positive' where system_classification = '+' the MongoDb equivalent is: db.tweets.update({system_classification: '+'}, {$set: {system_classification:'positive'}}, false, true) Parameter Description { system_classification: '+' } the first parameter identifies the documents to select { $set: { system_classification: 'positive' } } the second parameter is an operation ($set) and the parameter to that operation {system_classification: ‘positive’} false the third parameter indicates if this is a regular update or an upsert (true for upsert) true the final parameter indicates if the operation should be applied to all selected documents (or just the first)

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• The overlooked OUTPUT clause

  - by steveh99999

  I often find myself applying ad-hoc data updates to production systems – usually running scripts written by other people. One of my favourite features of SQL syntax is the OUTPUT clause – I find this is rarely used, and I often wonder if this is due to a lack of awareness of this feature.. The OUTPUT clause was added to SQL Server in the SQL 2005 release – so has been around for quite a while now, yet I often see scripts like this… SELECT somevalue FROM sometable WHERE keyval = XXX UPDATE sometable SET somevalue = newvalue WHERE keyval = XXX -- now check the update has worked… SELECT somevalue FROM sometable WHERE keyval = XXX This can be rewritten to achieve the same end-result using the OUTPUT clause. UPDATE sometable SET somevalue = newvalue OUTPUT deleted.somevalue AS ‘old value’,              inserted.somevalue AS ‘new value’ WHERE keyval = XXX The Update statement with output clause also requires less IO - ie I've replaced three SQL Statements with one, using only a third of the IO.  If you are not aware of the power of the output clause – I recommend you look at the output clause in books online And finally here’s an example of the output produced using the Northwind database…  

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• Using SQL tables for storing user created level stats. Is there a better way?

  - by Ivan

  I am developing a racing game in which players can create their own tracks and upload them to a server. Players will be able to compare their best track times to their friends and see world records. I was going to generate a table for each track submitted to store the best times of each player who plays the track. However, I can't predict how many will be uploaded and I imagine too many tables might cause problems, or is this a valid method? I considered saving each player's best times in a string in a single table field like so: level1:00.45;level2:00.43;level3:00.12 If I did this I wouldn't need a separate table for each level (each level could just have a row in a 'WorldRecords' table). However, this just causes another problem because the text would eventually reach the limit for varchar length. I also considered storing the times data in XML files. This would avoid database issues and server disk space can be increased if needed. But I imagine this would be very slow. To update one players best time on one level, I would have to check every node in the file to find their time record to update. Apologies for the wall of text. Any suggestions would be appreciated.

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• With Choice Comes Complexity

  - by BuckWoody

  "Complex" may be defined as "Having many steps, details or parts." Many of Microsoft's products, including SQL Server, can be complex. I'm stating what most data professionals already know - there's usually multiple ways to do things in SQL Server. For instance, to import some data into a table you can use graphical tools, SQLCMD, bcp, SQL Server Integration Services, BULK INSERT, even PowerShell, just to name a few tools at your disposal. That's really not the issue, though. The bigger issue is that there are normally multiple thought-processes, or methods, that you have available for a task. That's both a strength and a weakness. If things were more simple, you would have fewer choices. Sometimes that's a good thing. Just tell me what I need to do and I'll do it. However, your particular situation may not fit that tool or process, so having more options increases your ability to get your job done the way you need to do it. On the other hand, that's more for you to learn, which is harder. There's another side of this benefit/difficulty that you need to be aware of. Even if you're quite good at what you do, keep in mind that the way you know how to do something may not be the only way to do it. Keep your mind open to new possibilities, and most importantly - to new knowledge. SQL Server professionals teach me something new every day. So embrace the complexity - on balance, it's a good thing! Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• How are "Json.org"-like specs graphs called and how can I generate them?

  - by Sebastián Grignoli

  In http://www.json.org Douglas Crockford shows the specs of the JSON format in two interesting ways: In the right side column he lists a text spec that looks like a YACC or LEX listing. In the main body of the homepage, he put several images that gives us a simple way to visually understand the valid sequences that composes a JSON string. Those images look like a description of the path that a finite state automaton would follow when parsing the JSON string. Wich are the names (if any) of that listing format and that kind of graphics? Is there any software that renders a source file containing the specification into that kind of images?

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• Expressions that are idiomatic in one language but not used or impossible in another

  - by Tungsten

  I often find myself working in unfamiliar languages. I like to read code written by others and then jump in and write something myself before going back and learning the corners of each language. To speed up this process, it really helps to know a few of the idioms you'll encounter ahead of time. Some of these, I've found are fairly unique. In Python you might do something like this: '\n'.join(listOfThings) Not all languages allow you to call methods on string literals like this. In C, you can write a loop like this: int i = 50; while(i--) { /* do something 50 times */ } C lets you decrement in the loop condition expression. Most more modern languages disallow this. Do you have any other good examples? I'm interested in often used constructions not odd corner cases.

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• Preferred lambda syntax?

  - by Roger Alsing

  I'm playing around a bit with my own C like DSL grammar and would like some oppinions. I've reserved the use of "(...)" for invocations. eg: foo(1,2); My grammar supports "trailing closures" , pretty much like Ruby's blocks that can be passed as the last argument of an invocation. Currently my grammar support trailing closures like this: foo(1,2) { //parameterless closure passed as the last argument to foo } or foo(1,2) [x] { //closure with one argument (x) passed as the last argument to foo print (x); } The reason why I use [args] instead of (args) is that (args) is ambigious: foo(1,2) (x) { } There is no way in this case to tell if foo expects 3 arguments (int,int,closure(x)) or if foo expects 2 arguments and returns a closure with one argument(int,int) - closure(x) So thats pretty much the reason why I use [] as for now. I could change this to something like: foo(1,2) : (x) { } or foo(1,2) (x) -> { } So the actual question is, what do you think looks best? [...] is somewhat wrist unfriendly. let x = [a,b] { } Ideas?

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• Is it Considered Good SQL practice to use GUID to link multiple tables to same Id field?

  - by Mallow

  I want to link several tables to a many-to-many(m2m) table. One table would be called location and this table would always be on one side of the m2m table. But I will have a list of several tables for example: Cards Photographs Illustrations Vectors Would using GUID's between these tables to link it to a single column in another table be considered 'Good Practice'? Will Mysql let me to have it automatically cascade updates and delete? If so, would multiple cascades lead to an issues? UPDATE I've read that GUID (a hex number) Generally takes up more space in a database and slows queries down. However I could still generate 'unique' ids by just having the table initial's as part of the id so that the table card's id would be c0001, and then Illustrations be I001. Regardless of this change, the questions still stands.

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• apache2 server returns (400) syntax error

  - by Thomas E

  There are 900 paths in the googles index to our homepage containing illegal characters. Example: http://www.seriesam.com/filmaffisch/TC%4NK Note the character "%4N". I have no idea where they come from, but would like to update google index with a correct URL using "canonical" in the html code. But the problem is our apache2 server immediately sends a 400 error if you click the link above. How can I configure apache2 not to give an error code, but instead treat the link above as "correct"? Maybe replacing the char %4N with nothing.

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• Automating the Backup of a SQL Server 2008 Express Database

  - by JaydPage

  Steps Involved: 1) Create a Database Backup Script. 2) Create a Scheduled Task To Run the Backup Script. 1 Create a Database Backup Script. a) Download and install SQL Server Management Studio. This is a free tool available on the Microsoft website. b) Once Management Studio is installed launch it and connect to the SQL server instance that contains the database that you want to back up. c) Right click on the database and then in the menu choose Tasks -> Back up... d) This will open up a window where you can choose your backup options, once you are happy with the options click on the "Script" button near the top and select the "Script Action to File" option. e) Save the File. 2 Create a Schedule Task to Run the Backup Script a) Open up Windows Task Scheduler. b) Create a new Task using the wizard, when asked to select a program browse to C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\binn\SQLCMD.exe c) There are 2 arguments that need to be set: -S \SERVER_INSTANCE_NAME  -i "PATH_OF_SQLBACKUP_SCRIPT" where SERVER_INSTANCE_NAME  is the name of the instance of SQL server that contains your database e.g. (local) and PATH_OF_SQLBACKUP_SCRIPT is the path of your backup script e.g. "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\DatastoreBackup.sql" d) Adjust the task to run at the desired times and you are done.

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• MySQL: operation of summing and division ?

  - by Nick

  Alright, so I have a user table and would like to get the max value for the user with the highest amount of points divided by a score. Below is a rough idea of what I'm looking for: SELECT MAX(SUM(points)/SUM(score)) FROM users I'm not interested in adding up both columns and dividing, rather I'm interested in dividing the points and score for each user and retrieve the highest value out of the lot.

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• Why don't languages use explicit fall-through on switch statements?

  - by zzzzBov

  I was reading Why do we have to use break in switch?, and it led me to wonder why implicit fall-through is allowed in some languages (such as PHP and JavaScript), while there is no support (AFAIK) for explicit fall-through. It's not like a new keyword would need to be created, as continue would be perfectly appropriate, and would solve any issues of ambiguity for whether the author meant for a case to fall through. The currently supported form is: switch (s) { case 1: ... break; case 2: ... //ambiguous, was break forgotten? case 3: ... break; default: ... break; } Whereas it would make sense for it to be written as: switch (s) { case 1: ... break; case 2: ... continue; //unambiguous, the author was explicit case 3: ... break; default: ... break; } For purposes of this question lets ignore the issue of whether or not fall-throughs are a good coding style. Are there any languages that exist that allow fall-through and have made it explicit? Are there any historical reasons that switch allows for implicit fall-through instead of explicit?

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• improve if else statement for multiple condition

  - by kitokid

  My superior said the following is bad code. But he didn't mention anything how to improve it. What might be the alternative elegant way of coding below statements, without using if else? if(name.equalsIgnoreCase("AAA")){ //do something }else if(name.equalsIgnoreCase("BBB")){ //do something }else if(name.equalsIgnoreCase("CCC")){ //do something }else if(name.equalsIgnoreCase("DDD")){ //do something }else if(name.equalsIgnoreCase("EEE")){ //do something }else{ //do something } Edited: I am using Java 6.

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• Do you use i-->0 for backward loops?

  - by maaartinus

  Some people write for (int i=N; i-->0; ) doSomething(i); instead of for (int i=N-1; i>=0; --i) doSomething(i); for backward loops. The --> "operator"1 looks very confusing at the first glance, but it's trivial: i-->0 simply parses as (i--)>0, and once you get it, you see it immediately. The main disadvantage is the strange look. The advantage is that you'll get it always right (unlike the more verbose version offering the possibility to forget something, which really happened to me a couple of times). What do you think about using the --> "operator"? 1First time I saw the funny term in a comment to this question today.

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• How to sum and divide in MySql [migrated]

  - by Nick

  Alright, so I have a user table and would like to get the max value for the user with the highest amount of points divided by a score. Below is a rough idea of what I'm looking for: SELECT MAX(SUM(points)/SUM(score)) FROM users I'm not interested in adding up both columns and dividing, rather I'm interested in dividing the points and score for each user and retrieve the highest value out of the lot.

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• What's the point of initializing a variable with the same value twice?

  - by JoeM05

  I was reading Ben Cherry's "JavaScript Module Pattern: In-Depth", and he had some example code that I didn't quite understand. Under the Cross-File Private State heading, there is some example code that has the following: var _private = my._private = my._private || {} This doesn't seem to be different from writing something like this: var _private = my._private || {} What's happening here and how are these two declarations different?

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• Are "backwards" terminators for if and case unique to shell scripting?

  - by tomjakubowski

  In bash at least, if and case blocks are closed like this: if some-expr then echo "hello world" fi case $some-var in [1-5]) do-a-thing ;; *) do-another-thing esac as opposed to the more typical close of end or endif/endcase. As far as I know, this rather funny convention is unique to shell scripting and I have never seen such an odd block terminator anywhere else. Sometimes things like this have an origin in another language (like Ruby's elsif coming from Perl), or a strange justification. Does this feature of shell scripting have a story behind it? Is it found in other languages?

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• Using new syntax styles in .Net 3.5

  In this article we will see to new coding methodologies in .NET 3.5.

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• How should I refactor switch statements like this (Switching on type) to be more OO?

  - by Taytay

  I'm seeing some code like this in our code base, and want to refactor it: (Typescript psuedocode follows): class EntityManager{ private findEntityForServerObject(entityType:string, serverObject:any):IEntity { var existingEntity:IEntity = null; switch(entityType) { case Types.UserSetting: existingEntity = this.getUserSettingByUserIdAndSettingName(serverObject.user_id, serverObject.setting_name); break; case Types.Bar: existingEntity = this.getBarByUserIdAndId(serverObject.user_id, serverObject.id); break; //Lots more case statements here... } return existingEntity; } } The downsides of switching on type are self-explanatory. Normally, when switching behavior based on type, I try to push the behavior into subclasses so that I can reduce this to a single method call, and let polymorphism take care of the rest. However, the following two things are giving me pause: 1) I don't want to couple the serverObject with the class that is storing all of these objects. It doesn't know where to look for entities of a certain type. And unfortunately, the identity of a type of ServerObject varies with the type of ServerObject. (So sometimes it's just an ID, other times it's a combination of an id and a uniquely identifying string, etc). And this behavior doesn't belong down there on those subclasses. It is the responsibility of the EntityManager and its delegates. 2) In this case, I can't modify the ServerObject classes since they're plain old data objects. It should be mentioned that I've got other instances of the above method that take a parameter like "IEntity" and proceed to do almost the same thing (but slightly modify the name of the methods they're calling to get the identity of the entity). So, we might have: case Types.Bar: existingEntity = this.getBarByUserIdAndId(entity.getUserId(), entity.getId()); break; So in that case, I can change the entity interface and subclasses, but this isn't behavior that belongs in that class. So, I think that points me to some sort of map. So eventually I will call: private findEntityForServerObject(entityType:string, serverObject:any):IEntity { return aMapOfSomeSort[entityType].findByServerObject(serverObject); } private findEntityForEntity(someEntity:IEntity):IEntity { return aMapOfSomeSort[someEntity.entityType].findByEntity(someEntity); } Which means I need to register some sort of strategy classes/functions at runtime with this map. And again, I darn well better remember to register one for each my my types, or I'll get a runtime exception. Is there a better way to refactor this? I feel like I'm missing something really obvious here.

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• Migration Guide: Migrating to SQL Server 2012 Failover Clustering and Availability Groups from Prior Clustering and Mirroring Deployments

  This paper provides guidance for customers who prior to SQL Server 2012 have deployed SQL Failover Clustering for local high availability and database mirroring for disaster recovery, and who want to migrate to SQL Server AlwaysOn. It describes the corresponding SQL Server AlwaysOn scenario and the migration paths to SQL Server AlwaysOn. It also contains the important knowledge and considerations that you must know in order to successfully migrate to a HADR solution based on SQL Server AlwaysOn technology, which implements AlwaysOn Failover Cluster Instances for high availability and AlwaysOn Availability Groups for disaster recovery.

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• Would you see any use of a Trilean (True, False, ??)

  - by Sybiam

  I don't know if I'm alone but sometimes I have a function that should return true or false. But in some case there would be a third result that would make more sense. In some language theses cases would be handled with integers or with exception. For exemple you want to handle the age of a user if he is over 18 years old. And you have a function like this. if(user.isAdult(country_code)){ //Go On }else{ // Block access or do nothing } But in some case depending how your app is built I could see case where the birthday field is incomplete. Then this function should return something undetermined. switch(user.isAdult()){ case true: // go on break; case undetermined: //Inform user birthday is incomplete case false: //Block access } As i said we can handle that with Exceptions and Int, but I would find it quite sexy to have a true, false, undetermined embeded in the language instead of using some home defined constants.

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