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  • How do I arbitrarily reorder lines in a text file using a Unix shell?

    - by Tim Bellis
    I've got a text file with an arbitrary number of lines, e.g.: one line some other line an additional line one more here I'd like to write a script to reorder those lines based on a given order. e.g. An input of 2 1 3 4 would swap the first and second lines. An input of 3 1 2 4 would put the 3rd line first, the 1st line second, the 2nd line third and keep the 4th line fourth. I could hack something together, but I'm wondering if there's an elegant solution? I can use either bash or ksh.

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  • I need to count the lines from matching config file entries, preferably with 'grep'.

    - by Chris
    I have a configuration file that has entries for various devices, with each entry separated by a blank line. I need to search the file for all instances of a given device type, and count the number of non-blank lines following the occurrence, stopping at the first blank. For example: Server=foo config line 1 config line 2 config line 3 Server=bar config line 1 config line 2 Server=foo config line 1 If I wanted to know how many total "config lines" were associated with server "foo", I should get four. Can you please help?

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  • Print the next X number of lines in Scala

    - by soulesschild
    Trying to learn Scala using the Programming in Scala book and they have a very basic example for reading lines from a file. I'm trying to expand on it and read a file line by line, look for a certain phrase, then print the next 6 lines following that line if it finds the line. I can write the script easily enough in something like java or Perl but I have no idea how to do it in Scala (probably because I'm not very familiar with the language yet...) Here's the semi adapted sample code from the Programming in Scala book, import scala.io.Source if(args.length>0) { val lines = Source.fromFile(args(0)).getLines().toList for(line<-lines) { if(line.contains("secretPhrase")) { println(line) //How to get the next lines here? } } } else Console.err.println("Pleaseenterfilename")

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  • How to reduce the time of clang_complete search through boost

    - by kirill_igum
    I like using clang with vim. The one problem that I always have is that whenever I include boost, clang goes through boost library every time I put "." after a an object name. It takes 5-10 seconds. Since I don't make changes to boost headers, is there a way to cache the search through boost? If not, is there a way to remove boost from the auto-completion search? update (1) in response to answer by adaszko after :let g:clang_use_library = 1 I type a name of a variable. I press ^N. Vim starts to search through boost tree. it auto-completes the variable. i press "." and get the following errors: Error detected while processing function ClangComplete: line 35: Traceback (most recent call last): Press ENTER or type command to continue Error detected while processing function ClangComplete: line 35: File "<string>", line 1, in <module> Press ENTER or type command to continue Error detected while processing function ClangComplete: line 35: NameError: name 'vim' is not defined Press ENTER or type command to continue Error detected while processing function ClangComplete: line 40: E121: Undefined variable: l:res Press ENTER or type command to continue Error detected while processing function ClangComplete: line 40: E15: Invalid expression: l:res Press ENTER or type command to continue Error detected while processing function ClangComplete: line 58: E121: Undefined variable: l:res Press ENTER or type command to continue Error detected while processing function ClangComplete: line 58: E15: Invalid expression: l:res Press ENTER or type command to continue ... and there is no auto-compeltion update (2) not sure if clang_complete should take care of the issue with boost. vim without plugins does search through boost. superuser has an answer to comment out search through boost dirs with set include=^\\s*#\\s*include\ \\(<boost/\\)\\@!

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  • Can func get the lineno who call itself? (C/C++)

    - by kingkai
    Hi, I've a problem , as the following code discribe itself. 1 #include<stdlib.h> 2 #include<stdio.h> 3 void log() 4 { 5 printf("Log [Line:%d]\n",__LINE__); 6 } 7 int main() 8 { 9 log(); 10 log(); 11 } The expected result is Log [Line:9] Log [Line:10] But, the fact is Log [Line:5] Log [Line:5] No surprising, LINE has been substituted at the pre-process stage as 5. My Question is, how to design the log function to get the expected result? Thanks!

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  • How to open a chat window in sender and receiver side [on hold]

    - by DEEPS
    When i am trying to send a message from sender the chat window is always opening in senders side instead of receiver side.so please give a correct code to display chat box in both side. (HTML 5, JAVASCRIPT,JQUERY). This is client side code: //Send private message function sendPvtMsg(data) { var pvtmsg = data; socket.emit('message',JSON.stringify({msg: 'pvtMsg', data: { from: userName, to: toChat, pvtmsg: data }}),roomId); } socket.on('message',function(data) { var command = JSON.parse(data); var itemName = command.msg; var rec_data = command.data.message; var sender = command.data.name; //Receive message from server if (itemName == "message") { document.getElementById("chat").value += sender + " : " + rec_data + "\n"; } //Receive private message else if (itemName == "pvtMsg") { var to = command.data.to; var from = command.data.from; //To display message to sender and receiver if (userName == to || userName == from) { var pvtmsg = command.data.pvtmsg; document.getElementById("chat").value += from + "( to " + to + ")" + " : " + pvtmsg + "\n"; } } function createChatBox(chatboxtitle,minimizeChatBox) { if ($("#chatbox_"+chatboxtitle).length > 0) { if ($("#chatbox_"+chatboxtitle).css('display') == 'none') { $("#chatbox_"+chatboxtitle).css('display','block'); restructureChatBoxes(); } $("#chatbox_"+chatboxtitle+" .chatboxtextarea").focus(); return; }

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  • squid and ftp connections

    - by Kstro21
    i have a squid proxy server for both, http and ftp connections, i'm trying to use filezilla to open a ftp, but it always fail with an error saying: Status: Connection with proxy established, performing handshake... Response: Proxy reply: HTTP/1.0 403 Forbidden Error: Proxy handshake failed: ECONNRESET - Connection reset by peer Error: Connection timed out Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing i sniff the traffic, and, filezilla is trying to connect to a different port and the proxy denied it look, this is a portion of the sniff result CONNECT 201.150.36.227:61179 HTTP/1.1 Host: 201.150.36.227:61179 User-Agent: FileZilla everytime is a different port, so, no way i can allow it in the squid, also, i set the filezilla to use a active connection, same result, passive connection, same result again, so, i'm out of bullets, and i need your help, maybe a setting in the filezilla or in the squid can do the job, so, give a hand here this is the full log of the filezilla Status: Connecting to uhma.mx through proxy Status: Connecting to 172.19.216.13:3128... Status: Connection with proxy established, performing handshake... Response: Proxy reply: HTTP/1.0 200 Connection established Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message... Response: 220 ProFTPD 1.3.3a Server (a3 FTP CUATRO) [201.150.36.227] Command: USER uhmamx Response: 331 Password required for uhmamx Command: PASS ******* Response: 230 User uhmamx logged in Status: Connected Status: Retrieving directory listing... Command: PWD Response: 257 "/" is the current directory Command: TYPE I Response: 200 Type set to I Command: PASV Response: 227 Entering Passive Mode (201,150,36,227,238,251). Command: MLSD Status: Connecting to 172.19.216.13:3128... Status: Connection with proxy established, performing handshake... Response: Proxy reply: HTTP/1.0 403 Forbidden Error: Proxy handshake failed: ECONNRESET - Connection reset by peer Error: Connection timed out Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing

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  • How to reset Bash on Mac OSX, .bash_profile corrupted and bash no longer works

    - by user1463172
    I am on a MacBook Pro, running the latest version of Mountain Lion. I really need some help, I have managed some how to damage my .bash_profile (I think) so that every time I open up the terminal I get the error listed below. -bash: export: `/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/go/bin': not a valid identifier -bash: export: `/Users/rob/Applications/sbt/bin:': not a valid identifier env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory -bash: tar: command not found -bash: grep: command not found -bash: cat: command not found -bash: find: command not found I am not sure what has happened, I have no sudo, cd or any normal commands. The only way I have been able to get to any of the main directories is through the go to folder command in finder and try to find the file to no avail. To top it all off I think I created a file that might be causing the issue, I wanted to edit the .bash_profile so I typed sudo nano ./bash_profile This open a new file in nano which I think was then saved. After this I opened the real .bash_profile to add in the path for node.js. If I can get to the .bash_profile I think I can get it back on track but I can't find it, should I reinstall bash? If so how would I do that on a mac, I tried using brew install bash to which I get -bash: brew: command not found I am really stuck if anyone can help I would be really appreciated. Many thanks

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  • Serving a file with nginx

    - by jmetz
    I have a webapp built in angular.js and angular. Since angular takes care of most urls by itself, i want to serve the file indexAng.html (along with any arguments) in response to a request for /search/?arg1=x&arg2=y I've tried to do this with location blocks like this: location /search/ { alias /home/dotcloud/current/static/public/; index indexAng.html; } This seems to work, but i don't know how to serve the arguments with it. How do I serve arguments with indexAng.html, and is there a better or more appropriate way to go about this?

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  • ProFTPD / PAM issues with new centos/virtualmin install

    - by iamthewit
    I just installed CentOS 5.4 on a rackspace cloud server and installed virtualmin which all seemed to go fine. The only problem I have is that I can not access the virtual servers directories via FTP. I get the following from filezilla: Status: Connecting to 1.1.1.1:21... Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message... Response: 220 FTP Server ready. Command: USER username Response: 331 Password required for username. Command: PASS *************** Response: 230 User username logged in. Status: Connected Status: Retrieving directory listing... Command: PWD Response: 257 "/" is current directory. Command: TYPE I Response: 200 Type set to I Command: PASV Response: 227 Entering Passive Mode (1,1,1,1,216,214) Command: LIST Error: Connection timed out Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing and I get this from my /var/secure/log file Sep 22 19:40:42 stickeeserver proftpd: pam_unix(proftpd:session): session opened for user username by (uid=0) Sep 22 19:40:42 server proftpd[14051]: 94.136.40.82 (::ffff:217.207.31.60[::ffff:217.207.31.60]) - USER nastypasty: Login successful. Sep 22 19:40:42 server proftpd[14051]: 94.136.40.82 (::ffff:217.207.31.60[::ffff:217.207.31.60]) - Preparing to chroot to directory '/home/username' Sep 22 19:40:42 server proftpd[14051]: 94.136.40.82 (::ffff:217.207.31.60[::ffff:217.207.31.60]) - mod_delay/0.5: delaying for 728 usecs Sep 22 19:40:42 server proftpd[14051]: 94.136.40.82 (::ffff:217.207.31.60[::ffff:217.207.31.60]) - error setting IPV6_V6ONLY: Protocol not available Any help would be greatly appreciated, I'm not totally new to Linux but it's not my strongest subject. I do like to know exactly why problems occur though and how exactly to fix them so the more detail the better! cheers

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  • Unable to install mod_wsgi on CentOS 5.5 VPS...

    - by jasonaburton
    I am trying to install mod_wsgi on my VPS, but it won't work. This is what I am doing: wget http://modwsgi.googlecode.com/files/mod_wsgi-2.5.tar.gz tar xzvf mod_wsgi-2.5.tar.gz cd mod_wsgi-2.5 ./configure --with-python=/opt/python2.5/bin/python After I run the above command, I get this error: checking for apxs2... no checking for apxs... no checking Apache version... ./configure: line 1298: apxs: command not found ./configure: line 1298: apxs: command not found ./configure: line 1299: /: is a directory ./configure: line 1461: apxs: command not found configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: error: cannot find input file: Makefile.in Through some research I've discovered that I need to modify my command: ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \ --with-python=/usr/local/bin/python But, /usr/local/apache/ doesn't exist, or so that's what it is telling me. If it doesn't exist, how do I create it with all the files needed, or if apache is located elsewhere on my VPS where would it be located? I'd also like to mention that I ran a command to install apache before this entire deal: yum install httpd so I assumed that was all I needed but apparently not (I am very new at all this server administration stuff so please be gentle) EDIT: This is the tutorial that I have been using to get this all set up: http://binarysushi.com/blog/2009/aug/19/CentOS-5-3-python-2-5-virtualevn-mod-wsgi-and-mod-rpaf/ I got stuck at the heading "Installing mod_wsgi" Thanks for any help!

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  • svn diff including annotate/blame-alike information of when changes where made by who

    - by Wouter Coekaerts
    Can you add annotate/blame-alike information to svn diff, so that for every changed line it includes which user and revision changed that line? For example, an annotate-diff comparing revisions 8-10 could output something like: 9 user1 - some line that user1 deleted in revision 9 10 user2 + some line that user2 added in revision 10 The context, lines around it which haven't changed, may be included as well or not, doesn't matter. It's not just a matter of "quickly" writing a shell script combining the output of svn diff and svn annotate. annotate for example will never show you who removed a line. It's also not a matter of doing annotate on a revision in the past: We're not interested in who originally added the line that got removed (that's not the one who "caused" the diff), we want to know who removed it. I suspect the only way to implement something to do this is to inspect each and every commit between the two revisions being compared (and somehow map all the changes in the separate diffs to lines in the total diff)... Does there exist a tool that does something like that?

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  • ProFTPD / PAM issues with new centos/virtualmin install

    - by iamthewit
    Hi All, I just installed CentOS 5.4 on a rackspace cloud server and installed virtualmin which all seemed to go fine. The only problem I have is that I can not access the virtual servers directories via FTP. I get the following from filezilla: Status: Connecting to 1.1.1.1:21... Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message... Response: 220 FTP Server ready. Command: USER username Response: 331 Password required for username. Command: PASS ******* Response: 230 User username logged in. Status: Connected Status: Retrieving directory listing... Command: PWD Response: 257 "/" is current directory. Command: TYPE I Response: 200 Type set to I Command: PASV Response: 227 Entering Passive Mode (1,1,1,1,216,214) Command: LIST Error: Connection timed out Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing and I get this from my /var/secure/log file Sep 22 19:40:42 stickeeserver proftpd: pam_unix(proftpd:session): session opened for user username by (uid=0) Sep 22 19:40:42 server proftpd[14051]: 94.136.40.82 (::ffff:217.207.31.60[::ffff:217.207.31.60]) - USER nastypasty: Login successful. Sep 22 19:40:42 server proftpd[14051]: 94.136.40.82 (::ffff:217.207.31.60[::ffff:217.207.31.60]) - Preparing to chroot to directory '/home/username' Sep 22 19:40:42 server proftpd[14051]: 94.136.40.82 (::ffff:217.207.31.60[::ffff:217.207.31.60]) - mod_delay/0.5: delaying for 728 usecs Sep 22 19:40:42 server proftpd[14051]: 94.136.40.82 (::ffff:217.207.31.60[::ffff:217.207.31.60]) - error setting IPV6_V6ONLY: Protocol not available Any help would be greatly appreciated, I'm not totally new to Linux but it's not my strongest subject. I do like to know exactly why problems occur though and how exactly to fix them so the more detail the better! cheers

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  • Why is my mono/XSP site loading slow?

    - by acidzombie24
    I have two sites on the same server. One is loading perfectly and incredibly fast. The other is an equally complex site except a bit less javascript and 0 images. Its taking several seconds to load and there is a 1 in 3 chance that i get a Http500 error. WTF I grabbed the lastest 2.6.? version of mono, mod_mono and xsp (libgdiplus-2.6.7, xsp-2.6.5, mod_mono-2.6.3 and mono 2.6.7) This is whats in apache error.log [Mon Jan 03 19:33:40 2011] [error] (70014)End of file found: read_data failed [Mon Jan 03 19:33:40 2011] [error] Command stream corrupted, last command was 1 [Mon Jan 03 19:34:52 2011] [error] (70014)End of file found: read_data failed [Mon Jan 03 19:34:52 2011] [error] (70014)End of file found: read_data failed [Mon Jan 03 19:34:52 2011] [error] Command stream corrupted, last command was 1 [Mon Jan 03 19:34:52 2011] [error] Command stream corrupted, last command was 1 this is the page error Internal Server Error The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request. Please contact the server administrator, webmaster@localhost and inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error. More information about this error may be available in the server error log. Apache/2.2.9 (Debian) PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny9 with Suhosin-Patch mod_mono/2.6.3 Server

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  • What permissions do I need to move a folder?

    - by isme
    In the root of my drive there exists a folder called SourceControl that contains all the working copies of all my programming projects. I would like to move the folder to my user directory (\Users\Me), but something about the permissions on the folder forbids me. I don't remember how I created the folder. When I execute the move command: MOVE \SourceControl \Users\Me I receive the following error: Access is denied. I have resolved a similar problem in the past using the Takeown utility to assign ownership of the file to me, so I tried this command next: TAKEOWN /F \SourceControl It returns the following error: ERROR: The current logged on user does not have ownership privileges on the file (or folder) "C:\SourceControl". I've just learned about the Icacls utility, which can inspect and modify file permissions. I used this command to inspect the permissions on the folder: ICACLS \SourceControl It produced this list: \SourceControl BUILTIN\Administrators:(I)(F) BUILTIN\Administrators:(I)(OI)(CI)(IO)(F) NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM:(I)(F) NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM:(I)(OI)(CI)(IO)(F) BUILTIN\Users:(I)(OI)(CI)(RX) NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users:(I)(M) NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users:(I)(OI)(CI)(IO)(M) I think this means that normal user accounts, like mine, have permission only to read and execute (RX) here, while administrator accounts have full control (F). I used Icacls to confer full control of the directory to my user account with this command: ICACLS \SourceControl /grant:r Me:F The command produces this output: processed file: \SourceControl Successfully processed 1 files; Failed processing 0 files Now inspection of the permissions produces this output: \SourceControl Domain\Me:(F) BUILTIN\Administrators:(I)(F) BUILTIN\Administrators:(I)(OI)(CI)(IO)(F) NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM:(I)(F) NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM:(I)(OI)(CI)(IO)(F) BUILTIN\Users:(I)(OI)(CI)(RX) NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users:(I)(M) NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users:(I)(OI)(CI)(IO)(M) But after this the move command still fails with the same error. Is it possible to move this folder without invoking administrator rights? If not, how should I do it as administrator?

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  • pymatplotlib without xserver

    - by vigilant
    Is it possible to use networkx or pymatplotlib without an xserver running? I keep getting the following error with their first example (of networkx): Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 17, in <module> nx.draw(G,pos,node_color='#A0CBE2',edge_color=colors,width=4,edge_cmap=plt.cm.Blues,with_labels=False) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/networkx-1.3-py2.6.egg/networkx/drawing/nx_pylab.py", line 124, in draw cf=pylab.gcf() File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 276, in gcf return figure() File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 254, in figure **kwargs) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 90, in new_figure_manager window = Tk.Tk() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1646, in __init__ self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use) _tkinter.TclError: couldn't connect to display ""

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  • Mac - KeyRemap4MacBook - Custom XML

    - by DjRikyx
    I hope someone of you know this powerfull Pref Panel to remap the keyboard.. Since i'm using a PC Keyboard, i wanted to make Screenshot a bit easy to do.. I managed to get working: -Command+Shift+3 to Stamp (full screen screenshot) -Command+Shift+4 to Control+Stamp (Selection Cursor Screenshot) Now i want to remap Shift+Stamp to Command+Shift+4+Space to get Windows Screenshot.. i tried but nothing was working.. Here is my current XML.. i only need to add the last remap! <?xml version="1.0"?> <root> <item> <name>Custom PC Style Screenshot</name> <appendix>Command+Shift_L+4+Space to Shift+F13</appendix> <appendix>Command+Shift_L+4 to Control+F13</appendix> <appendix>Command+Shift_L+3 to F13</appendix> <identifier>private.custom_pc_style_screenshot</identifier> <autogen></autogen> <autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::F13, VK_CONTROL, KeyCode::KEY_4, ModifierFlag::COMMAND_L | ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L</autogen> <autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::F13, KeyCode::KEY_3, ModifierFlag::COMMAND_L | ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L</autogen> Hope someone of you can help me out! Thank you

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  • Statsd, Graphite and graphs

    - by w00t
    I've setup Graphite and statsd and both are running well. I'm using the example-client.py from graphite/examples to measure load values and it's OK. I started doing tests with statsd and at first it seemed ok because it generated some graphs but now it doesn't look quite well. First, this is my storage-schema.conf: pattern = .* retentions = 10:2160,60:10080,600:262974 I'm using this command to send data to statsd: echo 'ssh.invalid_users:1|c'| nc -w 1 -u localhost 8126 it executes, I click Update Graph in the Graphite web interface, it generates a line, hit again Update and the line disappears. If I execute the previous command 5 times, the graph line will reach 2 and it will actually save it. Again running the same command two times, graph line reaches 2 and disappears. I can't find what I have misconfigured. The intended use is this: tail -n 0 -f /var/log/auth.log|grep --line-buffered "Invalid user" | while read line; do echo "ssh.invalid_users:1|c" | nc -w 1 -u localhost 8126; done

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  • Write stderror to a file using PowerShell

    - by Zian Choy
    How do I capture error messages from a PowerShell-launched command in a text file? I searched the Internet for a while and found that supposedly, I should be able to do something like cmd /c "big blob of text >C:\output.txt 2>c:\errors.txt" to direct the output to output.txt and the errors to errors.txt but when I try to run the command, I get the following error: cmd.exe : The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect. At C:\Users\Zian\Desktop\Untitled1.ps1:27 char:4 + cmd <<<< /c $command + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (The filename, d...x is incorrect.:String) [], RemoteException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError Furthermore, if I try to run the command without everything starting at "2", then the command executes correctly and output.txt catches the right output. I looked at Redirect stderr to variable in powershell but it wasn't helpful because the answer to that question suggests capturing the entire output and filtering it in memory. In my case, I am backing up every database on a computer and since the databases won't fit in my laptop's RAM, I cannot use the question's solution. I also found tantalizing suggestions about using $err = @(command goes here) but with no information on what to do other than simply inserting that line of text. I tried to utilize the search function on Serverfault with the string "@()", but it did not return any results. What can I do to get the error messages into errors.txt?

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  • how to fix An error occurred during the processing of a configuration file required to service this request

    - by Alex
    Just created branda new MVC 4 project and instead of expected "hello world" got following error: ==================================================== Server Error in '/' Application. Configuration Error Description: An error occurred during the processing of a configuration file required to service this request. Please review the specific error details below and modify your configuration file appropriately. Parser Error Message: Default Role Provider could not be found. Source Error: Line 244: Line 245: Line 246: Line 247: Line 248: Source File: c:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Config\machine.config Line: 246 Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:4.0.30319; ASP.NET Version:4.0.30319.272 =============================================================== Any idea how to fix this? Thanks

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  • Is it possible to use different zsh menu selection behaviour for different commands?

    - by kine
    I'm using the menu select behaviour in zsh, which invokes a menu below the cursor where you can see the various possibilities. The .zshrc option i have set for this is zstyle ':completion:*' menu select=2 By default, pressing Return to select a possibility in this menu only completes the word — it does not actually send the command. For example, I might get a menu like this ~ % cd de<TAB> completing directory: [Desktop/] Development/ Pressing Return here will result in ~ % cd Desktop/ I then have to press Return a second time to actually send the command. I can modify this behaviour to make it so that pressing Return both selects the completion and sends the command by doing this bindkey -M menuselect '^M' .accept-line However, there's a problem with this: sometimes I need to complete a file or directory without sending the command. For example, I might need to do ln -s Desktop Desktop2 — with this bindkey behaviour, trying to complete Desktop will result in ln -s Desktop/ being sent as the command, and obviously I don't want that. I'm aware that just pressing space will let me get on with the command, but it's now a habit. Given this, is there a way to make it so that only some commands let you press Return once (like cd), but all other commands require pressing it twice?

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  • Best style for Python programs: what do you suggest?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    A friend of mine wanted help learning to program, so he gave me all the programs that he wrote for his previous classes. The last program that he wrote was an encryption program, and after rewriting all his programs in Python, this is how his encryption program turned out (after adding my own requirements). #! /usr/bin/env python ################################################################################ """\ CLASS INFORMATION ----------------- Program Name: Program 11 Programmer: Stephen Chappell Instructor: Stephen Chappell for CS 999-0, Python Due Date: 17 May 2010 DOCUMENTATION ------------- This is a simple encryption program that can encode and decode messages.""" ################################################################################ import sys KEY_FILE = 'Key.txt' BACKUP = '''\ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\ PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ _@/6-UC'GzaV0%5Mo9g+yNh8b">Bi=<Lx [sQn#^R.D2Xc(\ Jm!4e${lAEWud&t7]H\`}pvPw)FY,Z~?qK|3SOfk*:1;jTrI''' ################################################################################ def main(): "Run the program: loads key, runs processing loop, and saves key." encode_map, decode_map = load_key(KEY_FILE) try: run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map) except SystemExit: pass save_key(KEY_FILE, encode_map) def run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map): "Shows the menu and runs the appropriate command." print('This program handles encryption via a customizable key.') while True: print('''\ MENU ==== (1) Encode (2) Decode (3) Custom (4) Finish''') switch = get_character('Select: ', tuple('1234')) FUNC[switch](encode_map, decode_map) def get_character(prompt, choices): "Gets a valid menu option and returns it." while True: sys.stdout.write(prompt) sys.stdout.flush() line = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1] if not line: sys.exit() if line in choices: return line print(repr(line), 'is not a valid choice.') ################################################################################ def load_key(filename): "Gets the key file data and returns encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = open_file(filename) return dict(zip(plain, cypher)), dict(zip(cypher, plain)) def open_file(filename): "Load the keys and tries to create it when not available." while True: try: with open(filename) as file: plain, cypher = file.read().split('\n') return plain, cypher except: with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(BACKUP) def save_key(filename, encode_map): "Dumps the map into two buffers and saves them to the key file." plain = cypher = str() for p, c in encode_map.items(): plain += p cypher += c with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(plain + '\n' + cypher) ################################################################################ def encode(encode_map, decode_map): "Encodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to encode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(encode_map[char] if char in encode_map else char) def decode(encode_map, decode_map): "Decodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to decode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(decode_map[char] if char in decode_map else char) def custom(encode_map, decode_map): "Allows user to edit the encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = get_new_mapping() for p, c in zip(plain, cypher): encode_map[p] = c decode_map[c] = p ################################################################################ def get_message(): "Gets and returns text entered by the user (until EOF)." buffer = [] while True: line = sys.stdin.readline() if line: buffer.append(line) else: return ''.join(buffer) def get_new_mapping(): "Prompts for strings to edit encoding/decoding maps." while True: plain = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode from?') cypher = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode to?') if len(plain) == len(cypher): return plain, cypher print('Both lines should have the same length.') def get_unique_chars(prompt): "Gets strings that only contain unique characters." print(prompt) while True: line = input() if len(line) == len(set(line)): return line print('There were duplicate characters: please try again.') ################################################################################ # This map is used for dispatching commands in the interface loop. FUNC = {'1': encode, '2': decode, '3': custom, '4': lambda a, b: sys.exit()} ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() For all those Python programmers out there, your help is being requested. How should the formatting (not necessarily the coding by altered to fit Python's style guide? My friend does not need to be learning things that are not correct. If you have suggestions on the code, feel free to post them to this wiki as well.

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  • seg fault caused by malloc and sscanf in a function

    - by Framester
    Hi, I want to open a text file (see below), read the first int in every line and store it in an array, but I get an segmentation fault. I got rid of all gcc warnings, I read through several tutorials I found on the net and searched stackoverflow for solutions, but I could't make out, what I am doing wrong. It works when I have everything in the main function (see example 1), but not when I transfer it to second function (see example 2 further down). In example 2 I get, when I interpret gdb correctly a seg fault at sscanf (line,"%i",classes[i]);. I'm afraid, it could be something trivial, but I already wasted one day on it. Thanks in advance. [Example 1] Even though that works with everything in main: #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> const int LENGTH = 1024; int main() { char *filename="somedatafile.txt"; int *classes; int lines; FILE *pfile = NULL; char line[LENGTH]; pfile=fopen(filename,"r"); int numlines=0; char *p; while(fgets(line,LENGTH,pfile)){ numlines++; } rewind(pfile); classes=(int *)malloc(numlines*sizeof(int)); if(classes == NULL){ printf("\nMemory error."); exit(1); } int i=0; while(fgets(line,LENGTH,pfile)){ printf("\n"); p = strtok (line," "); p = strtok (NULL, ", "); sscanf (line,"%i",&classes[i]); i++; } fclose(pfile); return 1; } [Example 2] This does not with the functionality transfered to a function: #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> const int LENGTH = 1024; void read_data(int **classes,int *lines, char *filename){ FILE *pfile = NULL; char line[LENGTH]; pfile=fopen(filename,"r"); int numlines=0; char *p; while(fgets(line,LENGTH,pfile)){ numlines++; } rewind(pfile); * classes=(int *)malloc(numlines*sizeof(int)); if(*classes == NULL){ printf("\nMemory error."); exit(1); } int i=0; while(fgets(line,LENGTH,pfile)){ printf("\n"); p = strtok (line," "); p = strtok (NULL, ", "); sscanf (line,"%i",classes[i]); i++; } fclose(pfile); *lines=numlines; } int main() { char *filename="somedatafile.txt"; int *classes; int lines; read_data(&classes, &lines,filename) ; for(int i=0;i<lines;i++){ printf("\nclasses[i]=%i",classes[i]); } return 1; } [Content of somedatafile.txt] 50 21 77 0 28 0 27 48 22 2 55 0 92 0 0 26 36 92 56 4 53 0 82 0 52 -5 29 30 2 1 37 0 76 0 28 18 40 48 8 1 37 0 79 0 34 -26 43 46 2 1 85 0 88 -4 6 1 3 83 80 5 56 0 81 0 -4 11 25 86 62 4 55 -1 95 -3 54 -4 40 41 2 1 53 8 77 0 28 0 23 48 24 4 37 0 101 -7 28 0 64 73 8 1 ...

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  • Google App Engine + Form Validation

    - by Iwona
    Hi, I would like to do google app engine form validation but I dont know how to do it? I tried like this: from google.appengine.ext.db import djangoforms from django import newforms as forms class SurveyForm(forms.Form): occupations_choices = ( ('1', ""), ('2', "Undergraduate student"), ('3', "Postgraduate student (MSc)"), ('4', "Postgraduate student (PhD)"), ('5', "Lab assistant"), ('6', "Technician"), ('7', "Lecturer"), ('8', "Other" ) ) howreach_choices = ( ('1', ""), ('2', "Typed the URL directly"), ('3', "Site is bookmarked"), ('4', "A search engine"), ('5', "A link from another site"), ('6', "From a book"), ('7', "Other") ) boxes_choices = ( ("des", "Website Design"), ("svr", "Web Server Administration"), ("com", "Electronic Commerce"), ("mkt", "Web Marketing/Advertising"), ("edu", "Web-Related Education") ) name = forms.CharField(label='Name', max_length=100, required=True) email = forms.EmailField(label='Your Email Address:') occupations = forms.ChoiceField(choices=occupations_choices, label='What is your occupation?') howreach = forms.ChoiceField(choices=howreach_choices, label='How did you reach this site?') # radio buttons 1-5 rating = forms.ChoiceField(choices=range(1,6), label='What is your occupation?', widget=forms.RadioSelect) boxes = forms.ChoiceField(choices=boxes_choices, label='Are you involved in any of the following? (check all that apply):', widget=forms.CheckboxInput) comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea, required=False) And I wanted to display it like this: template_values = { 'url' : url, 'url_linktext' : url_linktext, 'userName' : userName, 'item1' : SurveyForm() } And I have this error message: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp_init_.py", line 515, in call handler.get(*groups) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\demos\b00213576\main.py", line 144, in get self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_values)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\template.py", line 143, in render return t.render(Context(template_dict)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\template.py", line 183, in wrap_render return orig_render(context) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 168, in render return self.nodelist.render(context) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 705, in render bits.append(self.render_node(node, context)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 718, in render_node return(node.render(context)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template\defaulttags.py", line 209, in render return self.nodelist_true.render(context) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 705, in render bits.append(self.render_node(node, context)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 718, in render_node return(node.render(context)) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 768, in render return self.encode_output(output) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\template_init_.py", line 757, in encode_output return str(output) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\util.py", line 26, in str return self.unicode().encode(settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\forms.py", line 73, in unicode return self.as_table() File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\forms.py", line 144, in as_table return self._html_output(u'%(label)s%(errors)s%(field)s%(help_text)s', u'%s', '', u'%s', False) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\forms.py", line 129, in _html_output output.append(normal_row % {'errors': bf_errors, 'label': label, 'field': unicode(bf), 'help_text': help_text}) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\forms.py", line 232, in unicode value = value.str() File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\util.py", line 26, in str return self.unicode().encode(settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\widgets.py", line 246, in unicode return u'\n%s\n' % u'\n'.join([u'%s' % w for w in self]) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\widgets.py", line 238, in iter yield RadioInput(self.name, self.value, self.attrs.copy(), choice, i) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django\django\newforms\widgets.py", line 212, in init self.choice_value = smart_unicode(choice[0]) TypeError: 'int' object is unsubscriptable Do You have any idea how I can do this validation in different case? I have tried to do it using this kind of: class ItemUserAnswer(djangoforms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = UserAnswer But I dont know how to add extra labels to this form and it is displayed in one line. Do You have any suggestions? Thanks a lot as it making me crazy why it is still not working:/

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  • Differing styles in Python program: what do you suggest?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    A friend of mine wanted help learning to program, so he gave me all the programs that he wrote for his previous classes. The last program that he wrote was an encryption program, and after rewriting all his programs in Python, this is how his encryption program turned out (after adding my own requirements). #! /usr/bin/env python ################################################################################ """\ CLASS INFORMATION ----------------- Program Name: Program 11 Programmer: Stephen Chappell Instructor: Stephen Chappell for CS 999-0, Python Due Date: 17 May 2010 DOCUMENTATION ------------- This is a simple encryption program that can encode and decode messages.""" ################################################################################ import sys KEY_FILE = 'Key.txt' BACKUP = '''\ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\ PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ _@/6-UC'GzaV0%5Mo9g+yNh8b">Bi=<Lx [sQn#^R.D2Xc(\ Jm!4e${lAEWud&t7]H\`}pvPw)FY,Z~?qK|3SOfk*:1;jTrI''' ################################################################################ def main(): "Run the program: loads key, runs processing loop, and saves key." encode_map, decode_map = load_key(KEY_FILE) try: run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map) except SystemExit: pass save_key(KEY_FILE, encode_map) def run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map): "Shows the menu and runs the appropriate command." print('This program handles encryption via a customizable key.') while True: print('''\ MENU ==== (1) Encode (2) Decode (3) Custom (4) Finish''') switch = get_character('Select: ', tuple('1234')) FUNC[switch](encode_map, decode_map) def get_character(prompt, choices): "Gets a valid menu option and returns it." while True: sys.stdout.write(prompt) sys.stdout.flush() line = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1] if not line: sys.exit() if line in choices: return line print(repr(line), 'is not a valid choice.') ################################################################################ def load_key(filename): "Gets the key file data and returns encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = open_file(filename) return dict(zip(plain, cypher)), dict(zip(cypher, plain)) def open_file(filename): "Load the keys and tries to create it when not available." while True: try: with open(filename) as file: plain, cypher = file.read().split('\n') return plain, cypher except: with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(BACKUP) def save_key(filename, encode_map): "Dumps the map into two buffers and saves them to the key file." plain = cypher = str() for p, c in encode_map.items(): plain += p cypher += c with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(plain + '\n' + cypher) ################################################################################ def encode(encode_map, decode_map): "Encodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to encode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(encode_map[char] if char in encode_map else char) def decode(encode_map, decode_map): "Decodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to decode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(decode_map[char] if char in decode_map else char) def custom(encode_map, decode_map): "Allows user to edit the encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = get_new_mapping() for p, c in zip(plain, cypher): encode_map[p] = c decode_map[c] = p ################################################################################ def get_message(): "Gets and returns text entered by the user (until EOF)." buffer = [] while True: line = sys.stdin.readline() if line: buffer.append(line) else: return ''.join(buffer) def get_new_mapping(): "Prompts for strings to edit encoding/decoding maps." while True: plain = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode from?') cypher = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode to?') if len(plain) == len(cypher): return plain, cypher print('Both lines should have the same length.') def get_unique_chars(prompt): "Gets strings that only contain unique characters." print(prompt) while True: line = input() if len(line) == len(set(line)): return line print('There were duplicate characters: please try again.') ################################################################################ # This map is used for dispatching commands in the interface loop. FUNC = {'1': encode, '2': decode, '3': custom, '4': lambda a, b: sys.exit()} ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() For all those Python programmers out there, your help is being requested. How should the formatting (not necessarily the coding by altered to fit Python's style guide? My friend does not need to be learning things that are not correct. If you have suggestions on the code, feel free to post them to this wiki as well.

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