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• Critical (Unixlike) Distros for Sysadmin Hopefuls to Have Experience With

  - by Interwebs

  Hi All, I'm trying to learn to be a Unix/Linux Sysadmin, and am hoping to get some hands-on experience by setting up a few installs (VMs, old comps, and the like) at home and practicing administering them. I was wondering, in the experience of those on this site, which distros are critical to be comfortable with. Obviously, to a certain extent, they're all similar, but there are substantial enough differences between administering, say, Debian, OpenSolaris, FreeBSD, and CentOS. So, which distros are most important to practice with in your opinion? Which have had most demand/come up most often in actual work situations? Thanks!

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• Operating Systems supported by the Intel SR1435VP2 Server Platform?

  - by Xspence

  I recently had two Intel SR1435VP2 Servers (with SE7320VP2 server boards) donated to me from a colleague. Google hasn't yielded much more than user manuals when searching for OS-compatibility answers. I have worked with flavors of Linux such as Ubuntu and Debian, but Intel only documents that they have tested proprietary operating systems such as SuSE, Solaris and Red Hat as documented on their driver downloads page. Has anyone worked with these machines before, and if so, do you know if the SR1435VP2/E7320 chipset supports OS's such as CentOS, Debian or Ubuntu? If you need more information or clarification, let me know. This is all new for me. Thanks in advance.

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• Don't run cron job if already running

  - by webnoob

  Hi All, I know this question has been asked already but I either didn't understand the answer or it didn't apply to me. I have a php script that I am calling every 1 minute using CPanel to set up the Cron Job. The nature of the script means that it could overrun for just over the minute so I need to know how to stop the next one running if the first one hasn't completed. I have a VPS running CENTOS 5.5 and have access to WHM and CPanel. I have never used Linux before (only just got the server yesterday) so I have no idea what I am doing and would appreciate some help if possible. If I need to provide more information please let me know (I don't know what info you would need at the moment). Thanks.

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• Under *nix, how can I find a string within a file within a directory ?

  - by roberto

  Hi all. I'm using ubuntu linux, and I use bash from with a terminal emulator every day for many tasks. I would like to know how to find a string or a substring within a file that is within a particular directory. If I was knew the file which contained my target substring, I would just cat the file and pipe it through grep, thus: cat file | grep mysubstring But in this case, the pesky substring could be anywhere within a known directory. How do I hunt down my substring ?

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• Top causes of slow ssh logins

  - by Peter Lyons

  I'd love for one of you smart and helpful folks to post a list of common causes of delays during an ssh login. Specifically, there are 2 spots where I see a range from instantaneous to multi-second delays. Between issuing the ssh command and getting a login prompt and between entering the passphrase and having the shell load Now, specifically I'm looking at ssh details only here. Obviously network latency, speed of the hardware and OSes involved, complex login scripts, etc can cause delays. For context I ssh to a vast multitude of linux distributions and some Solaris hosts using mostly Ubuntu, CentOS, and MacOS X as my client systems. Almost all of the time, the ssh server configuration is unchanged from the OS's default settings. What ssh server configurations should I be interested in? Are there OS/kernel parameters that can be tuned? Login shell tricks? Etc?

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• Enlarge partition on SD card

  - by chenwj

  I have followed Cloning an SD card onto a larger SD card to clone a 2G SD card to a 32G SD card, and the file system is ext4. However, on the 32G SD card I only can see 2G space available. Is there a way to maximize it out? Here is the output of fdisk: Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32026656768 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 30543 cylinders, total 62552064 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e015a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 32 147455 73712 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb2 147456 3994623 1923584 83 Linux I want to make /dev/sdb2 use up the remaining space. I try resize2fs /dev/sdb after dd, but get message below: $ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdb resize2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. Any idea on what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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• Invalid user names when creating a LDAP account

  - by h1d

  I'm trying to set up a system where a visitor can enter any user name in a form to create a new user and in the end it gets built on LDAP directory and I'm planning that to be mapped as a UNIX account as well (on Ubuntu Linux) by making the system look up for system accounts on the LDAP. Doing so is fine, but I feel that many user names should be avoided, one of the obvious being 'root' and all the other user names taken for daemons etc. How do you tackle at this problem? Do you make up a list of disallowed user names by checking /etc/passwd? I was thinking that if, internally, the user names could be prepended as 'ldap_' or something, it will avoid any naming conflicts but that seems hard when the LDAP entry name is 'joe' but the system account will look like 'ldap_joe'. Not even sure how that can be achieved.

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• Cannot find grldr in all devices

  - by blockhead

  I'm running wubi on XP machine. Started out originally with 8.04, and gradually upgraded to 10.04. Recently, I was creating linux bootable USB drive, and put it in my system to see if it would work. After booting the LiveOS, and rebooting my machine, I know get the error Cannot find grldr in all devices when booting Ubuntu. I don't know what grldr is, but I assume it is the GRUB Loader. Did booting the LiveOS screw with my MBR perhaps? How can I fix this, and if not, is it possible to reinstall wubi, without losing anything of what I have now?

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• Manually forcing TCP connection to retry

  - by Vi

  I have a TCP connection (SSH session to some computer for example) Network suddenly goes down and drops all packets (disconnected cable, out of range). TCP resends packets again and again, retrying with increasing delays. I see the problem and plug the cable back (or restore network somehow). TCP connection finally successfully resends some packet and continues. The problem is that I need to wait for a some timeout on point 5. I want to use my opened SSH session now and not wait for 5-10 seconds until it finds out that connection is working again. How to force all TCP connections to resend data without now in GNU/Linux?

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• Cannot access Nagios Web Interface

  - by Dominiqs

  After successfully installing Nagios core 3.4.1 (i also installed plug-in1.4.11) on our linux rhel 5.3 server i cannot login to the nagios web interface.I am running apache 2.2.3 I am using internet explorer 8 and also firefox 3.6.3 When i try to enter the url http//localhost/nagios/ on a desktop (on the same network as the Nagios server)it does seem to like it but if i try http//x.x.x.x/nagios/ (where x.x.x.x is the IP address of my nagios server) it likes it but then the authentication popup appears after entering the password and username(nagiosadmin) it throws the errors below The server x.x.x.x at Nagios access requires a username and password Warning this server is requesting that your username and password be sent in an insecure manner(basic authentication without a secure connection) After a few attempts i get error 401 authentication required error from internet explorer ;this server could not verify that you are authorized to access the document requested. Either you supplied the wrong credentials or your browser doesnt understand how to supply the credentials required. Help Please anyone..seems like an authentication issue

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• How do I get the current date according to an NTP server without setting it locally?

  - by Zac B

  I want to get the current date and time according to a remote NTP server, using Linux. I don't want to change the local time as a result; I just want to get the remote date, adjusted for the local time zone, printed out. The date returned must comply with the following criteria: It needs to be reasonably accurate. It needs to be adjusted for the timezone on the local system making the request. It needs to be formatted in an easily-readable or interpretable way (standard date format, or seconds since epoch). What I've Tried: I can call ntpdate -q my.ntp.server and get the offset between the local time and the server's time, but that doesn't return the date according to the NTP server; it just returns the offset and the local date. Is there some easy way/command I can use to say: "Print out the date according to a given NTP server, adjusted for my current timezone"?

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• What is shrink_slab, and why is it showing up in /var/log/messages?

  - by Steve Kehlet

  I'm investigating some application issues on a Linux system and noticed this around the time of the most recent problem, but not close enough to be definitively related: Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-155456000 Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-157859400 Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-157833400 Jun 8 06:20:23 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-284172800 What is this? Googling isn't helping, I get that it's something with VM, but why is it suddenly showing up in /var/log/messages? Edit: I take it it's showing this because the number of pages it could free ("nr") is negative. Which is presumably a bad thing. I found patches for newer kernels that display a more useful message to this effect. Still not sure what this means though, or what I need to do about it.

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• who delete my files?

  - by akalter

  I have some linux server. on two of our server we have mysql. we have daily backup on both machine. but the script different. i saw both scripts. on one of them i saw the "delete older files" algorithm, but in the other this is happening but not from the script. i trying to know who dletes my files, because of that i want to use same script on both machine because of that in the script with the deletion i also copy the files to the another server, and i want to do that in both servers. Who have an idea who delete my older backups? Thank you!

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• How to batch edit a list of files?

  - by user43144

  I have a list of files where I need to remove some lines that have been added yesterday by a spambot. The section I want to remove looks like this: ^M <script>[...] bunch of malware code [...]</script> That section seems to have been appended to the files, so I can be relatively sure it's the last lines of each file that contain this part. Now I know a bit of Linux, but not enough to do this via a command. How would I go about and do this?

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• Why is my portable WD MY PASSPORT drive is not recognized?

  - by kloop

  My "MY PASSPORT" (Western Digital) portable drive is not recognized OSx. It used to be recognized, but not anymore. It does not appear in /Volumes. The hard drive is recognized by a Linux machine. I am not sure what happened -- any ideas how to fix that? Thanks. EDIT: ` #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *750.2 GB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD 749.3 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Recovery HD 650.0 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: DOS_FAT_32 MY PASSPORT 1.0 TB disk1s1 `

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• Can I split one RAID1 partition in two?

  - by Prosys

  I have a linux box with CentOS 6.2 and a RAID1 (2x 2Tb) configuration: /dev/md1 -> / (10G) /dev/md2 -> /home (1.9T) I want to split the md2 in two different partitions, so I can get the following configuration: /dev/md1 -> / (10G) /dev/md2 -> /home (1T) /dev/md3 -> /example (900G) How can I achieve this? I already know that I can resize the partition, but that doesn't alter the real partition table (only the md device), so how can I do this?

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• debian installation without internet connection

  - by Gobliins

  Hi i want to install some Debian distributions (Grip, Crush, Lenny...) for arm / armel architectures. www.emdebian.org/ i refer to this guide www.aurel32.net/info/debian_arm_qemu.php The Problem i have is that i dont have internet connection with My Linux VM or Qemu i am behind a Proxy. I want to know is there a way where i can dl all the needed files and save them to disk that i don´t need an i.c. during the installation? I am working under Windows now. my regards

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• asymetric encryption of directory

  - by ftiaronsem

  Hello alltogether Currently I am wondering whether it is possible to apply asymetric encryption of a directory in Linux. I would like to achieve the following: Write log files to /var/log/secret Everything written to /var/log/secret is instantly encrypted by a public RSA key (or something similar) The encryption programms I know, i.e. ecryptfs do not support asymetric encryption of files, at least as far as I know. (Correct me if I am wrong). Therefore I am asking here whether you know of any possibility to implement this. Thanks in advance

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• Looking for an open source real-time network analysis program

  - by JrSysAdmin

  Can somebody recommend an open source real-time network analysis program? What I'm looking for the program to do is display a graph of bandwidth usage by IP within our internal network that can quickly be viewed any time we need to (typically when we want to quickly find out who is utilizing high amounts of bandwidth and slowing down the network). We ideally simply want to hook up a monitor on the wall of our server room to a system whose NIC will be in permissive mode to log all network activity in a visual manner which can easily be seen and running 24/7. Prefer open source as I do not have a budget for this project and prefer open source projects in general. I'd also prefer for this to be available for CentOS but any linux distro or Windows OS would be acceptable. Thanks!

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• Hylafax with serial over IP modem

  - by zero_r

  I'm looking into virtualizing a Hylafax server which currently runs on a dedicated hardware running CentOS with a Divalogic card. The main issue obviously is, how to connect the modem to the VM. There are serial over IP devices available at digi.com. Maybe there are others? Regarding digi.com devices, as far as I understood one can install the RealPort software and then have a /dev/ttySx device presented to the Linux server. This device then can be used as serial connection to the modem. Does someone have such a configuration in place? Or does someone have another idea to virtualize a Hylafax server (outbound faxes only). Thank you in advance

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• Can't access to a iSCSI volume

  - by jmiguel.rodriguez

  I have a iSCSI target on a customer place I'm using from an old Fedora (Core6) server. I configured it and formatted as ext3 (mistake, now I know) and I've been working with it for some time. Now I need to access this volume from other machine. As far as I've read, I can't do it safely from two machines at the same time (yep, that's the first thing I tried). So I've umount it from original server and tried to mount it on the new server (I did it at first with Ubuntu 10 LTS but when I was unable to do it I installed another Fedora with the same configuration) with no success. The problem: I can see all target on NAS but when I do a "fdisk -l" to see all devices and know which mount I see all targets as SFS filesystem. From the original server I see all SFS (after all, they belong to my customer and don't know what he have in) except the one I manage which I see as 'Linux'. What can I do? Thank you in advanced, regards, jmiguel

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• How To Check My Current Version of FFMPEG

  - by aamiri

  I have FFMPEG installed on 2 different servers. On one of the servers, i run into an issue every time i try to convert m4v files where ffmpeg just processes the file indefinitely. When I take the same source file and try to run it on the other server it seems to work just fine. Both servers are running the same version of GNU/Linux. Some one suggested i check to see if the same version of ffmpeg is installed on the servers, so my question to you all is, "how do i check my ffmpeg version?" Thanks!

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• Pointing a subdomain at a file

  - by Seva Alekseyev

  Switched hosting recently (Linux, CPanel, WHM). At the old host, there was a subdomain that had a file (instead of a directory) as a root. The file was a CGI script. The said subdomain was created via CPanel by me a while ago. At the new host, I'm trying to recreate this subdomain. And I get the following error: The directory, /home/(...)/cgi-bin/guest.cgi could not be created. Is there a tweak somewhere that enables this functionality? EDIT: tried to repeat the trick on the old site, and I could not. CPanel update broke it, maybe?

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• What lightweight solution can you recommend to stream MP3 files?

  - by ron

  Hi there, I need to stream MP3 files to a client running Flash. Streaming is the key here, no progressive downloads allowed. What free server can you recommend? I know Red5 but it seems a bit overkill for our needs (basic MP3 streaming). Anything more lightweight? Our Webserver runs Linux and Apache and we can install stuff there as long as it doesn't bog down the machine. Plus there is Perl and PHP although I don't think this will help for streaming, right? Thank you!

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• Updating and deleting java (red hat / centos)

  - by JochemTheSchoolKid

  I am a total noob with linux. So please explain clearly if you have a solution for me. I have an VPS and I want to update JAVA. I found a guide on the Java site which says: rpm -e < package_name I searched for the packages: [root@srv1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep java java_cup-0.10k-5.el6.x86_64 java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64 Than I tried to do the delete command [root@srv1 ~]# rpm -e java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64 error: Failed dependencies: java-gcj-compat is needed by (installed) java_cup-1:0.10k-5.el6.x86_64 java-gcj-compat >= 1.0.70 is needed by (installed) sinjdoc-0.5-9.1.el6.x86_64 What should I do now?

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