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• What does dd conv=sync,noerror do?

  - by dding

  So what is the case when adding conv=sync,noerror makes a difference when backing up an entire hard disk onto an image file? Is conv=sync,noerror a requirement when doing forensic stuff? If so, why is it the case with reference to linux fedora? Edit: OK, so if I do dd without conv=sync,noerror, and dd encounters read error when reading the block (let's size 100M), does dd just skip 100M block and reads the next block without writing something (dd conv=sync,noerror writes zeros to 100M of output - so what about this case?)? And if is hash of original hard disk and output file different if done without conv=sync,noerror? Or is this only when read error occurred?

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• Setup a automatic server reboot on when a particular service fails

  - by user1179459

  I am running linux based server (centos 6.0) with cpanle and WHM, I have critical website running with a chat server which uses a openfire as the chat server backend server, i have monitored last few weeks this service crashes quite often, i have no way of knowing that, and i have to wait till the next day to restart the server. (and this can only be fixed by using server reboot as its got to do with some java memory problem) is there a way i can setup a monitoring service to the server and if this service goes down server itself will reboot ? is this something possible or is there a better way to overcome this problem ?

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• How do I configure networking on CentOS 6 running on hyper-v?

  - by LonelyLonelyNetworkN00b

  I'm not using legacy adapters, and i've installed Linux Integration Components 3.2. THe problem i'm facing is that the command 'setup' or 'system-config-network' doesn't list any network interfaces. If i run ifconfig -a i can see both the network cards i've attached. By setting a ip using ifconfig i can get network connectivity. The problem is that it's not persistent after a reboot. I'm a 100% centos newbie, but I figure it has something to do with that the centos installer couldn't see the NICs on install. How can I fix this?

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• CentOS Vs Windows Server 2008

  - by Steve

  Hi, Apologies if the question appears ambiguous, I have little experience in this area and was after some informed opinions. I am deploying a test scenario of a server/client network and need to make some choices for Server. The client will be a Windows system as it meets the requirements for the client, the server choice has more room for selection. From my experience with Linux in general and the appealing nature of open source for low cost, security etc and the availability and performance of database and web server programs I have been considering CentOS as a server choice. I have the ability to make most of the choices of what software / server packages I wish to install. This includes Active Directory (something I have no experience with). How well does this operate with Windows clients? Am I being too selective and creating unnecessary complication by setting out not to use a Windows Server OS?

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• Commercial NAS RAID1 disks moved to Software Raid system?

  - by Rolnik

  I've got a couple of commercial NAS boxes and I'm wondering if they (ReadyNas duo, DLink DNS-323) or any other NAS is suitable for having their RAIDed disks moved to a software-based NAS. To be specific, I'm a big fan of the (largely) Debian-based Ubuntu. Can the aforementioned NAS drives be migrated to Ubuntu (e.g. using the mdadm Linux command)? Secondly, is there any commercial NAS that can be migrated over? Incidentally, here is a link to somebody who succeeded in a migration: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/slackware-14/moving-raid1-drives-into-computer-with-same-md-numbers-862312/ My specific scenario I'd like to prepare for, is the eventual (sudden) death of one of the NAS motherboards.

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• Gparted: Copy Greyed Out

  - by David

  I booted my system to a gparted linux live CD and I have two partitions: /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 I want to move both of them to my new physical hard drive (called /dev/sdb). When I right click on /dev/sda1, I can choose copy and then paste it onto /dev/sdb. When I right click on /dev/sda2, copy is greyed out and there is a yellow exclamation point to the left of the disk. I know that the disk works since I can boot my computer from it. Why won't gparted let me copy /dev/sda2 to my new hard disk? Since the option is greyed out, I don't even get an error message. Thanks!

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• how to change VMWare 1.x guest boot order

  - by bo gusman

  I have 4 VMs on a linux host, call them A, B, C, D running on Z. I really don't care when A and B come up, but I would like to make sure that D comes up before C. I believe that in VMWare 2.x it's possible to change the boot order. Is this possible in 1.x as well? Is this done in /etc/vmware/vm-list? I see that there are a number of vms listed there, including some that have long since been deleted. Thanks! Bo

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• PostgreSQL disaster recovery options

  - by Alex

  My customer has quite a large (the total "data" folder size is 200G) PostgreSQL database and we are working on a disaster recovery plan. We have identified three different types of disasters so far: hardware outage, too much load and unintentional data loss due to erroneously executed bad migration (like DELETE or ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN). First two types seem to be easy to mitigate but we can't elaborate a good mitigation plan for the third type. I proposed to use ZFS and frequent (hourly) snapshots but "ZFS" means "OpenIndiana" these days and our Ops engineers do not have much expertise in it, so using OpenIndiana imposes another risk. Colleagues try to convince me that restoring from PostgreSQL PITR backup can be as fast as restoring from a ZFS snapshot but I highly doubt that replaying, say, 50G of archived WALs can be considered "fast". What other options are we missing? Is ZFS an only viable alternative? Can we get a fast Pg DB restore time in the Linux environment?

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• Limit disk I/O one program creates?

  - by Posipiet

  Hardware: one virtualization server. Dual Nehalem, 24GB RAM, 2 TB mirrored HD. Software: Debian, KVM, virt-manager on the server with several virtual machines that use Linux too. 2 TB Disk is a big LVM, each VM gets a logical volume and makes its own partitions in that. Problem: One of the programs that runs on one of the VMs creates huge disk load. This never was an issue, because the program never ran on such a powerful hardware. Now the CPUs are fast, and lots of I/O is the result. We cant do much against that at the moment, because the tool is a black box. On the other hand, the speedy computation is welcome. The program creates about 5 GB of temp files which get overwritten during the next iteration. Question: How can we limit the disk I/O for the process?

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• Best practice for scaling a single application source to multiple nodes

  - by Andrew Waters

  I have an application which needs to scale horizontally to cover web and service nodes (at the moment they're all on one) but interact with the same set of databases and source files (both application code and custom assets). Database is no problem, it's handled already with replication in MongoDB. Also, the configuration of the servers are the same (100% linux). This question is literally about sharing a filesystem between machines so that its content is always correct, regardless of the node accessing it. My two thoughts have so far been NFS and SAN - SAN being prohibitively expensive and NFS seeing some performance issues on the second node with regards to glob()ing in PHP. Does anyone have recommended strategies or other techniques that don't involved sharding data across nodes or any potential gotchas in NFS that may cause slow disk seek times? To give you an idea of the scale, the main node initialises it's application modules in ~ 0.01 seconds. The secondary is taking ~2.2 seconds. They're VM's inside a local virtual network in ESXi and ping time between them is ~0.3ms

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• ipfw to redirect traffic from port 80 and 443 to 8080

  - by user1048138

  -A PREROUTING -s 10.0.10.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080 -A PREROUTING -s 10.0.10.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080 -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.10.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE The above code is what I have used on linux to forward my ports to 8080, how can I do the same on a mac? I have tried test_machine:~ root# ipfw show 00666 0 0 fwd 127.0.0.1,8080 tcp from any to me dst-port 80 and its not working! any suggestions?

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• setting up bridged adapter for VPN server

  - by B. VB.

  I have an Ubuntu linux Linode server that I am trying to install OpenVPN on. I'm following the tutorials (which, it turns out, are quite incomplete). auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.0.10 network 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.0.1 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off When I add this chunk in my /etc/network/interfaces, and I restart networking, my eth0 interface does not have an IP and I cannot get on the network (I need to use a buggy, slow, and annoying AJAX term to do damage repair). Why does adding this screw everything up? Any tips on how to set up this bridged adapter?? Thanks in advance!

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• Is it possible to convert striped logical volume to linear logical volume?

  - by JooMing

  I've a logical volume that is striped across three physical volumes. I had to move this logical volume to another physical volume. This worked nicely with pvmove command. However, I discovered later that the logical volume is still striped and now all three stripes are on the same physical volume. Is there any way to convert striped logical volumes to linear logical volumes? I'm using LVM2 on linux. I figured that the obvious possibility is to rename the striped logical volume, create a new linear logical volume, and then copy data over, but that requires taking the filesystem system offline for some time. Unfortunately, I can't do that before the next week. Is there any better alternative?

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• Subversion hooks no longer running

  - by Chris Lieb

  I don't know when this started happening, but, for some reason, none of my Subversion hooks are running anymore. I am running Subversion 1.6.9 on a Gentoo Linux machine, which has had its hooks work in the past. I am running Subversion through the svn_dav module for Apache2.2. I modified the hook scripts that I make use of to write into a file in the /tmp directory owned by apache:apache whenever they are executed, but after making a commit, there is nothing in the file that should be written to. The scripts are executable and owned by apache:apache, so I don't think that is the issue. Here is one of my test scripts (post-commit.sh) that isn't getting executed: #!/bin/sh /bin/echo post-commit >> /tmp/z_test exit 0 After running a commit, I expect both the pre-commit.sh and post-commit.sh hooks to be run, but neither of them appear to be writing into the desired file (/tmp/z_test). What's going on?

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• Dell Dimension 2350 with a Pentium IV processor and integrated video and network chips running Fedor

  - by Jim Dobbs

  Dell Dimension 2350 with a Pentium IV processor and integrated video and network chips running Fedora12 does a "Sleeping Beauty" and I, apparently, am not am not a "handsome prince"! The system puts video and network to sleep and it will not wakeup. I have heard of this problem on laptops, but this is a tower. Any ideas or help is appreciated. I tried to ping the network card from another system and ping fails. The logs indicate that the system continues to be active. Pressing keyboard short-cut keys makes the disk light blink but neither the video or network card comes alive. Failing all else, are there any Linux commands that I could schedule in cron to pulse video and network adapters hourly that will keep them awake? Or, should I wait on Fedora13? Before this machine, I built a Dimension 2400 with Pentium IV and it had the same problem. Fedora9 on the same hardware is fine.

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• Windows 7 wake from sleep and UTC?

  - by Joshua Elliott

  I've been having problems with windows 7 waking from sleep after one minute or so on my laptop. I also have ArchLinux installed on this computer. A while back I tried a registry tweak to get windows to use UTC so it would play nice with Linux. The registry tweak didn't seem to work and my windows clock was always wrong. Today I deleted the registry entry that I added, and the problem with sleeping seemed to go away. Can anyone make sense of this? The registry entry I added was: [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation] "RealTimeIsUniversal"=dword:00000001

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• Windows 7 stopped connecting to samba share

  - by Jan

  I have a problem with Windows 7 Home connecting to samba on linux server. It's worked fine for a year and without any changes in configuration or updates it suddenly stopped working. The strangest thing for me is that it stopped working for no reason that I could think of. After a few minutes after trying to connect I get: \\ip is not accessible. You might not have permission to use this network resource. Contact the administrator of this server to find out if you have access permissions. Other computers in that network (XP machines) connect to samba without any problem. I've tried adding LmCompatibilityLevel as described here: http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/75-63-windows-samba-issue , but it didn't help.

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• System-install-packages missing

  - by Kumar P

  i am using RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.1. When i use add-remove software in application menu, i think, that i wrongly uninstalled something. so after reboot that menu item missing. Also i can't use system-install-packages in terminal. When i double click rpm package it open as archive. And i specifically open it as software installer by open with other application, it saying error /usr/bin/system-install-packages missing. Help me to solve this problem ...

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• Is there any way to limit my Internet connection to a per program basis?

  - by Igoru

  My Linux connection is REALLY free. I live in Brazil, so where I live I can only have 1 Mbit/s. Yes I know it's sad, but it's not the point. Everytime I'm updating my Ubuntu 9.04 or downloading something, it does eat all my bandwidth. Like, while update-manager is downloading the packages, I can see by netspeed applet in my panel that the incoming traffic goes to 110 kB/s. And then, my Emesene suddenly goes disconnected, and I can't navigate. As you can imagine, I can't use my Internet connection again until the packages are all downloaded or I cancel the update in the middle. As I said, same thing happens when I'm dowloading something, but less intrusive and immediate. The question is: is there any way to limit that APT/downloads traffic to some way I can still use my other Internet services, or to reserve some bandwidth for common navigation tasks (like we have on Windows, but I forgot this thing's name, it's like "something packages".

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• Best filesystem for an external drive? ExFAT?

  - by GiH

  What is the best filesystem for use with multiple OS's? I saw this question but its old and doesn't take into account ExFAT. Here is what I know from my findings: NTFS - Can't write from Mac FAT32 - Doesn't support files larger than 4GB HFS - Only mac ExFAT - ??? I don't know much about this but it seems like it got rid of the 4GB limit of FAT32 and can be read on Windows, Mac, and Linux. Is ExFAT the best bet? I tried formatting the drive in ExFAT just now, but on Windows XP SP3 it was showing up as not formatted... It seems to me like FAT32 is still the best, but I wanted to see what other people had to say.

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• Modern open source NIDS/HIDS and consoles?

  - by MattC

  Years back we set up an IDS solution by placing a tap in front of our exterior firewall, piping all the traffic on our DS1 through an IDS box and then sending the results off to a logging server running ACiD. This was around 2005-ish. I've been asked to revamp the solution and expand on it and looking around, I see that the last release of ACiD was from 2003 and I can't seem to find anything else that seems even remotely up-to-date. While these things may be feature complete, I worry about library conflicts, etc. Can anyone give me suggestions for a Linux/OpenBSD based solution using somewhat modern tools? Just to be clear, I know that Snort is still actively developed. I guess I'm more in the market for a modern open-source web console to consolidate the data. Of course if people have great experiences with IDS' other than Snort I'm happy to hear about it.

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• My datacenter is unable to add PTR/rDNS record, then how can I prevent the mail outgoing from going to spam folder?

  - by gilzero

  I am having problem that mail sent out from my server all goes to recipient's spam folder. I am running Drupal sites on Linux server. CentOS w/ cPanel. Our users cannot receive email as the mail went to the spam folder. (such as registration email, contact form email) I was advised that I need to have PTR/rDNS record added for my host. I then contact my datacenter to add PTR/rDNS thing, unfortunately, the datacenter said they are unable to do it. So what can I do? Any other ways I can fix the problem? Thank you!

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• Finding proof of server being compromised by Black Hole Toolkit exploit

  - by cosmicsafari

  I recently took over maintenance of a company server. (Just Host, C Panel, Linux server), theres a tonne of websites on it which i know nothing about. It had came to my attention that a client had attempted to access one of the websites hosted on this server and was met with a warning from windows defender. It had blocked access because it said the website had been compromised by the Black Hole Toolkit or something to that effect. Anyway I went in and updated various plugins and deleted some old suspect websites. I have since ran the website in question through a few online malware scanners and its comes up clean everytime. However im not convinced. Do any of you guys know extensive ways i can check that the server isn't still compromised. I have no way to install any malware scanners or anti virus programs on the server as it is horribly locked down by Just Host.

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• fsck: FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED after each check with -c, why?

  - by Chris

  I use a script to partition and format CF cards (connected with a USB card writer) in an automated way. After the main process I check the card again with fsck. To check bad blocks I also tried the '-c' switch, but I always get a return value != 0 and the message "FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED" (see below). I get the same result when checking the very same drive several times... Does anyone know why a) the file system is modified at all and b) why this seems to happen every time I check and not only in case of an error (like bad blocks)? Here's the output: linux-box# fsck.ext3 -c /dev/sdx1 e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007) Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information Volume (/dev/sdx1): ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** Volume (/dev/sdx1): 5132/245760 files (1.2% non-contiguous), 178910/1959896 blocks

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• How to rename everything matching a certain string in a folder

  - by lostiniceland

  Hello Everyone I am running Linux and I have some basic console knowledge but my current problem is quite difficult and I dont know how to achieve this. I want/need to rename everything within a folder that matches a given string. By everything I mean folders/files content within a file content in hidden files Basically I want to refactor a Java-project. Sure, I could use Eclipse to handle the replacing, but this leaves out the folders or resources outside of my workspace. I was thinking of a script that could do the job for me but this seems rather tricky. For instance when it comes to folder-/file-rename I want to replace only the part of the name that matches my string, the rest should remain untouched. Maybe someone already has something like this in his/her script-collection :-) Thanks in advance Marc

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