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• How many tiers should my models have in a DB driven web app?

  - by Hanno Fietz

  In my experience, the "Model" in MVC is often not really a single layer. I would regularly have "backend" models and "frontend" models, where the backend ones would have properties that I want to hide from the UI code, and the frontend ones have derived or composite properties which are more meaningful in the context of the UI. Recently, I have started to introduce a third layer in between when database normalization created tables that did not really match the conceptual domain objects anymore. In those projects I have model classes that are equivalent with the DB structure, these become components of objects that represent the domain model, and finally these are filtered and amended for displaying information to the user. Are there patterns or guidelines for how, when and why to organize the data model across application layers?

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• What functionality should a (basic) mock framework have?

  - by user1175327

  If i would start on writing a simple Mock framework, then what are the things that a basic mock framework MUST have? Obviously mocking any object, but what about assertions and perhaps other things? When I think of how I would write my own mock framework then I realise how much I really know (or don't know) and what I would trip up on. So this is more for educational purposes. Of course I did research and this is what i've come up with that a minimal mocking framework should be able to do. Now my question in this whole thing is, am I missing some important details in my ideas? Mocking Mocking a class: Should be able to mock any class. The Mock should preserve the properties and their original values as they were set in the original class. All method implementations are empty. Calls to methods of Mock: The Mock framework must be able to define what a mocked method must return. IE: $MockObj->CallTo('SomeMethod')->Returns('some value'); Assertions To my understanding mocking frameworks also have a set of assertions. These are the ones I think are most important (taken from SimpleTest). expect($method, $args) Arguments must match if called expectAt($timing, $method, $args) Arguments must match when called on the $timing'th time expectCallCount($method, $count) The method must be called exactly this many times expectMaximumCallCount($method, $count) Call this method no more than $count times expectMinimumCallCount($method, $count) Must be called at least $count times expectNever($method) Must never be called expectOnce($method, $args) Must be called once and with the expected arguments if supplied expectAtLeastOnce($method, $args) Must be called at least once, and always with any expected arguments And that's basically, as far as I understand, what a mock framework should be able to do. But is this really everything? Because it currently doesn't seem like a big deal to build something like this. But that's also the reason why I have the feeling that i'm missing some important details about such a framework. So is my understanding right about a mock framework? Or am i missing alot of details?

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• Floating point undesireable in highly critical code?

  - by Kirt Undercoffer

  Question 11 in the Software Quality section of "IEEE Computer Society Real-World Software Engineering Problems", Naveda, Seidman, lists fp computation as undesirable because "the accuracy of the computations cannot be guaranteed". This is in the context of computing acceleration for an emergency braking system for a high speed train. This thinking seems to be invoking possible errors in small differences between measurements of a moving object but small differences at slow speeds aren't a problem (or shouldn't be), small differences between two measurements at high speed are irrelevant - can there be a problem with small roundoff errors during deceleration for an emergency braking system? This problem has been observed with airplane braking systems resulting in hydroplaning but could this actually happen in the context of a high speed train? The concern about fp errors seems to not be well-founded in this context. Any insight? The fp is used for acceleration so perhaps the concern is inching over a speed limit? But fp should be just fine if they use a double in whatever implementation language. The actual problem in the text states: During the inspection of the code for the emergency braking system of a new high speed train (a highly critical, real-time application), the review team identifies several characteristics of the code. Which of these characteristics are generally viewed as undesirable? The code contains three recursive functions (well that one is obvious). The computation of acceleration uses floating point arithmetic. All other computations use integer arithmetic. The code contains one linked list that uses dynamic memory allocation (second obvious problem). All inputs are checked to determine that they are within expected bounds before they are used.

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• How to set up an informational interview?

  - by Ethel Evans

  I've heard a lot about informational interviews, but don't have the slightest idea how to actually set one up or run one effectively. I work as an SDET (SDE in Test) in an area with lots of great technical companies, and would like to have a better understanding of how different companies do testing. I have three sub-questions: Who would I get in contact with to set up informational interviews at a company that I'd like to learn about? How can I make sure the time is productive? And, how do I keep the interview from being a burden to the employee(s) whom I speak with?

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• Office arangement - comfort vs. teamwork?

  - by finrod

  Our team works in an open-space office. Luckily the cubicles are quite big (L shaped tables for everyone!), there is quite a lot of space so we are not sandwiched. Without going into further detail, there are comfortable spots (window), normal spots and stupid spots (near the corridor). Until recently, the development team of twelve engineers was seated so that all types of spots were occupied and we were all close together. In the old arrangement, verbal communication was very easy - half of the team was withing talking distance. The other half was like ten steps away. Often times I could ask, discuss, solve problems without leaving the cube. Most of the communication is work related, no bullshit or mental masturbation that would unnecessarily distract others. Now we have moved to another part of the building and have larger space to occupy. At this point, everyone could pick their spot. Naturally all stupid spots are left empty (for the poor newcomers to occupy bwehaha). In the new arrangement, the development team is stretched across the floor and some of the key engineers are seated 'far' from each other - definitely not within talking distance. I have yet to experience how this works out but am getting concerned that team work and communication may have been traded for personal comfort. Finally the questions... What do you think is better office arrangement? Such that allows for free verbal communication but trading for some developer's comfort, or such that potentially hinders verbal communication but makes developer's more comfortable in their spot? Or maybe it does not matter at all and we will evolve to be efficient in any arrangement? What is your personal experience? Note - yes I read books and posts how workplace is important in our job. However in this case - we are all still in open space and the difference between the different spots are not really groundbreaking. So I'm thinking the little comfort that few developers gain is not worth the loss of easy communication.

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• Java heap space

  - by java_mouse

  In Java/JVM, why do we call the memory place where Java creates objects as "Heap"? Does it use the Heap Data Structure to create/remove/maintain the objects? As I read in the documentation of Heap data structure, the algorithm compares the objects with existing nodes and places them in such a way that Parent object is "greater" than the children. ( Or "lesser" in case of min heap). So in JVM, how are the objects compared against each other before placing them in the heap?

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• Is there a Railstutorial-quality tutorial for a PHP framework?

  - by tnorthcutt

  Is there a tutorial along the lines of Michael Hartl's Rails Tutorial for a (widely used) PHP framework? Obviously there are tons of tutorials for e.g. Codeigniter, CakePHP, Symfony, etc., but I haven't been able to find one that is as extensive as Rails Tutorial is. Ideally, I'd like something that takes you from nothing to building a complete, functioning application with at least a decent amount of complexity.

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• Tools for building long-running Javascript webapp

  - by FilipK

  Given my lack of familiarity with such tools, could you suggest what tools / frameworks would be suitable for developing a long-running JavaScript webapp? The webapp would display a constantly updating chart. The updates would come through WebSockets (preferably) or XmlHttpRequest. I know and have written JavaScript with JQuery, but for this task I assume something like backbone.js or ExtJS would be appropriate (or maybe not?).

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• How can rotating release managers improve a project's velocity and stability?

  - by Yannis Rizos

  The Wikipedia article on Parrot VM includes this unreferenced claim: Core committers take turns producing releases in a revolving schedule, where no single committer is responsible for multiple releases in a row. This practice has improved the project's velocity and stability. Parrot's Release Manager role documentation doesn't offer any further insight into the process, and I couldn't find any reference for the claim. My first thoughts were that rotating release managers seems like a good idea, sharing the responsibility between as many people as possible, and having a certain degree of polyphony in releases. Is it, though? Rotating release managers has been proposed for Launchpad, and there were some interesting counterarguments: Release management is something that requires a good understanding of all parts of the code and the authority to make calls under pressure if issues come up during the release itself The less change we can have to the release process the better from an operational perspective Don't really want an engineer to have to learn all this stuff on the job as well as have other things to take care of (regular development responsibilities) Any change of timezones of the releases would need to be approved with the SAs and: I think this would be a great idea (mainly because of my lust for power), but I also think that there should be some way making sure that a release manager doesn't get overwhelmed if something disastrous happens during release week, maybe by have a deputy release manager at the same time (maybe just falling back to Francis or Kiko would be sufficient). The practice doesn't appear to be very common, and the counterarguments seem reasonalbe and convincing. I'm quite confused on how it would improve a project's velocity and stability, is there something I'm missing, or is this just a bad edit on the Wikipedia article? Worth noting that the top voted answer in the related "Is rotating the lead developer a good or bad idea?" question boldly notes: Don't rotate.

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• About shared (static) Members and its behavior

  - by Allende

  I just realized that I can access shared members from instances of classes (probably this is not correct, but compile and run), and also learn/discover that, I can modify shared members, then create a new instance and access the new value of the shared member. My question is, what happens to the shared members, when it comes back to the "default" value (class declaration), how dangerous is it do this ? is it totally bad ? is it valid in some cases ?. If you want to test my point here is the code (console project vb.net) that I used to test shared members, as you can see/compile/run, the shared member "x" of the class "Hello" has default value string "Default", but at runtime it changes it, and after creating a new object of that class, this object has the new value of the shared member. Module Module1 Public Class hello Public Shared x As String = "Default" Public Sub New() End Sub End Class Sub Main() Console.WriteLine("hello.x=" & hello.x) Dim obj As New hello() Console.WriteLine("obj.x=" & obj.x) obj.x = "Default shared memeber, modified in object" Console.WriteLine("obj.x=" & obj.x) hello.x = "Defaul shared member, modified in class" Console.WriteLine("hello.x=" & hello.x) Dim obj2 As New hello() Console.WriteLine("obj2.x=" & obj2.x) Console.ReadLine() End Sub End Module UPDATE: First at all, thanks to everyone, each answer give feedback, I suppose, by respect I should choose one as "the answer", I don't want to be offensive to anyone, so please don't take it so bad if I didn't choose you answer.

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• Can JSON be made easily and safely editable by the non-technical Excel crowd?

  - by glitch

  I'm looking for a data storage format that's very intuitive and easy to edit. It should be ideally targeted towards the same crowd as Excel. At the same time I would like the data structure to be a tree. Ideally this would be JSON, since it offers both the tree aspect and allows for more interesting constructs like arrays. That and parsing libraries for JSON are ubiquitous, so I don't have to reinvent the wheel. The problem is that, at least with a non-specialized text editor, JSON is a giant pain to edit for a non-technical user. I'm thinking along the lines of someone who might have used Excel in the past, but never a real text editor. Someone who might not be comfortable with the idea of preserving JSON syntax by hand. Are there data formats out there that would fit this profile? I'd very much prefer this to be a JSON actually, but then it would require a solid editing tool that would hide the underlying implementation from the user. Think Excel and how it abstracts CSV syntax from the user. The reason I'm looking for something like this is because the team has been working with pretty hierarchical data for a while now and we've hit the limits of how easy it is to represent in simple CSVs without having to create complex rules for how represent hierarchy semantics from each row. Any suggestions?

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• Should you create a class within a method?

  - by Amndeep7

  I have made a program using Java that is an implementation of this project: http://nifty.stanford.edu/2009/stone-random-art/sml/index.html. Essentially, you create a mathematical expression and, using the pixel coordinate as input, make a picture. After I initially implemented this in serial, I then implemented it in parallel due to the fact that if the picture size is too large or if the mathematical expression is too complex (especially considering the fact that I made the expression recursively), it takes a really long time. During this process, I realized that I needed two classes which implemented the Runnable interface as I had to put in parameters for the run method, which you aren't allowed to do directly. One of these classes ended up being a medium sized static inner class (not large enough to make an independent class file for it though). The other though, just needed a few parameters to determine some indexes and the size of the for loop that I was making run in parallel - here it is: class DataConversionRunnable implements Runnable { int jj, kk, w; DataConversionRunnable(int column, int matrix, int wid) { jj = column; kk = matrix; w = wid; } public void run() { for(int i = 0; i < w; i++) colorvals[kk][jj][i] = (int) ((raw[kk][jj][i] + 1.0) * 255 / 2.0); increaseCounter(); } } My question is should I make it a static inner class or can I just create it in a method? What is the general programming convention followed in this case?

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• How to find siblings of a tree?

  - by smallB

  On my interview for an internship, I was asked following question: On a whiteboard write the simplest algorithm with use of recursion which would take a root of a so called binary tree (so called because it is not strictly speaking binary tree) and make every child in this tree connected with its sibling. So if I have: 1 / \ 2 3 / \ \ 4 5 6 / \ 7 8 then the sibling to 2 would be 3, to four five, to five six and to seven eight. I didn't do this, although I was heading in the right direction. Later (next day) at home I did it, but with the use of a debugger. It took me better part of two hours and 50 lines of code. I personally think that this was very difficult question, almost impossible to do correctly on a whiteboard. How would you solve it on a whiteboard? How to apprehend this question without using a debugger?

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• Zookeeper naming service [closed]

  - by kolchanov

  I need a recommendation for naming service implementation. We are ISV and we have a lot of applications (services) with very different protocols such as http (Rest), low level tcp, amqp, diameter, telco protocols Rx, Ry, Ud and many others. We want to simplify configuration, deployment and service discovery procees and it seems that It's time to create central configuration registry. So I have few questions: - is zookeeper suitable for this purpose? - does exists more suitable and more special solution? - best practice for service naming for discoverin. Any standards? - recommendation for service configuration data structure Also we are keeping in mind future tasks For dynamic application distribution in a private cloud. Could you share your real life experience?

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• WCF web service with Neural Network

  - by Gary Frank

  I am developing a web service that performs object recognition. It will be available for testing as soon as enough code has been developed, and then officially when it is finished. It is based on a radically new type of artificial neural network that I designed. Its goal is to recognize any type of object within an image. Besides the WCF web service, the project will also create a website to test and demonstrate the web service. Here is a link with more information. http://www.indiegogo.com/VOR

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• Skills to Focus on to land Big 5 Software Engineer Position

  - by Megadeth.Metallica

  Guys, I'm in my penultimate quarter of grad school and have a software engineering internship lined up at a big 5 tech company. I have dabbled a lot recently in Python and am average at Java. I want to prepare myself for coding interviews when I apply for new grad positions at the Big 5 tech companies when I graduate at the end of this year. Since I want to have a good shot at all 5 companies (Amazon,Google,Yahoo,Microsoft and Apple) - Should I focus my time and effort on mastering and improving my Java. Or is my time better spent checking out other languages and tools ( Attracted to RoR, Clojure, Git, C# ) I am planning to spend my spring break implementing all the common algorithms and Data structure out of my algorithms textbook in Java.

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• Interview Questions in OOP

  - by Fero

  Hi all, I faced the below interview questions in OOP under PHP language. Kindly clear my clarifications regarding this. I am very confused. As i am a beginner to OOP i got too confused. Could anyone clarify these things clearly? Difference between Abstract class and interface. Interviewer : Let us consider abstract class contains three abstract methods such as a,b,c and interface contains three methods a,b,c. In this case these do the same functionality. Then why are going for abstract and why are we going for interface. Me : ? static keyword. Interviewer: We call static method without creating object by using scope resolution operator in PHP. As well as we can able to call concrete methods also. Then what is need of static keyword there? Me : .... final keyword. Interviewer: Give me any scenario of using final keyword. Me : For db connection related method Interviewer: Other than that? Me: ... Constructor. Interviewer: What is the use of constructor? Me : There is no need for object to access this. It will call automatically when the class calls. Interviewer: Other than that? Me : .... Thanks in advance...

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• What technology or skillset should I learn today in order to be able to charge $250+ / hr in 2-3 years? [closed]

  - by Ryan Waggoner

  I've been doing PHP freelance development for the last 4-5 years and I'm starting to max out my hourly rate. So in 2010 I decided to transition to a new language. I played with Python and Ruby, but ended up settling on iOS, for three reasons: I'm enjoying the challenge of working on a completely different type of development, instead of another flavor of web development The demand seems higher right now than for Ruby or Python I see iOS developers charging $150 - 250 / hr Whether these reasons are right or wrong, I've been learning iOS for the last year and I'm starting to get more work in that field. I feel confident that in six months (barring any major shifts in the ecosystem), I can be billing iOS work at $150 / hr or more. However, I'm feeling that I should have done this earlier, that I've missed the boat, and that iOS development is going to dry up or get much more commoditized. Whether this is true or not isn't really my question (though feel free to comment). What I want to know is: what should I start learning right now so that I can be ahead of the curve in a couple years when the demand is far outstripping supply? What technologies or skillsets are going to be so heavily in demand in 2-3 years that you'll be able to charge $250 / hr or more and stay busy? These don't have to be new technologies either...the answer could be iOS or COBOL or whatever.

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• Doing Master'S at Home.

  - by Demla Pawan

  I mean,as I'm a computer science student at present,soon I'm going to get job at somewhere,But I wish to go for higher studies in MS,My interests are automation of things using web app's, and I wish to research in AI,as I think it may resolve most of ours present problem's. So,I'm thinking of, is there anyway to do MS like studies and research in organised manner at home only, as a part-time research work,bcoz I like learn new things anytime. So,Finally can you tell me what's the pattern of MS studies and which MS field suits me, as I'm interested in web and Mobility solution like mobiles. and along with that is there a correspondence MS possible,from where.

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• PHP frameworks - should I use them?

  - by 30secondstosam

  First of all let me explain who I am: I am a PHP Developer working for a company developing their CMS which handles online stores, data feeds and other content like blogs. I have been programming for 6 years and 4 of those have been in PHP. (I used to be a C# developer). My question is regarding PHP frameworks. I see so many jobs asking for zend, cakephp and other MVC types of frameworks. However, even as an experienced developer I have never used a PHP framework. Should I start learning? If so where do I even start as there are so many. I am about to re-write so much of my work's CMS and I'm wondering whether I could help myself a lot by using a framework. What do people think? Considering I will be re-writing a lot of the online store stuff... I am experienced in OO and I have used the .NET framework in the past. Thanks in advance for the replies.

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• Is Java much harder to "tweak" for performance compared with C/C++?

  - by user997112

  Does the "magic" of the JVM hinder the influence a programmer has over micro-optimisations in Java? I recently read in C++ sometimes the ordering of the data members can provide optimizations (granted, in the microsecond environment) and I presumed a programmer's hands are tied when it comes to squeezing performance from Java? I appreciate a decent algorithm provides greater speed-gains, but once you have the correct algorithm is Java harder to tweak due to the JVM control? If not, could people give examples of what tricks you can use in Java (besides simple compiler flags).

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• C# Dev - I've tried Lisps, but I don't get it.

  - by Jonathan Mitchem

  After a few months of learning about and playing with lisps, both CL and a bit of Clojure, I'm still not seeing a compelling reason to write anything in it instead of C#. I would really like some compelling reasons, or for someone to point out that I'm missing something really big. The strengths of a Lisp (per my research): Compact, expressive notation - More so than C#, yes... but I seem to be able to express those ideas in C# too. Implicit support for functional programming - C# with LINQ extension methods: mapcar = .Select( lambda ) mapcan = .Select( lambda ).Aggregate( (a,b) = a.Union(b) ) car/first = .First() cdr/rest = .Skip(1) .... etc. Lambda and higher-order function support - C# has this, and the syntax is arguably simpler: "(lambda (x) ( body ))" versus "x = ( body )" "#(" with "%", "%1", "%2" is nice in Clojure Method dispatch separated from the objects - C# has this through extension methods Multimethod dispatch - C# does not have this natively, but I could implement it as a function call in a few hours Code is Data (and Macros) - Maybe I haven't "gotten" macros, but I haven't seen a single example where the idea of a macro couldn't be implemented as a function; it doesn't change the "language", but I'm not sure that's a strength DSLs - Can only do it through function composition... but it works Untyped "exploratory" programming - for structs/classes, C#'s autoproperties and "object" work quite well, and you can easily escalate into stronger typing as you go along Runs on non-Windows hardware - Yeah, so? Outside of college, I've only known one person who doesn't run Windows at home, or at least a VM of Windows on *nix/Mac. (Then again, maybe this is more important than I thought and I've just been brainwashed...) The REPL for bottom-up design - Ok, I admit this is really really nice, and I miss it in C#. Things I'm missing in a Lisp (due to a mix of C#, .NET, Visual Studio, Resharper): Namespaces. Even with static methods, I like to tie them to a "class" to categorize their context (Clojure seems to have this, CL doesn't seem to.) Great compile and design-time support the type system allows me to determine "correctness" of the datastructures I pass around anything misspelled is underlined realtime; I don't have to wait until runtime to know code improvements (such as using an FP approach instead of an imperative one) are autosuggested GUI development tools: WinForms and WPF (I know Clojure has access to the Java GUI libraries, but they're entirely foreign to me.) GUI Debugging tools: breakpoints, step-in, step-over, value inspectors (text, xml, custom), watches, debug-by-thread, conditional breakpoints, call-stack window with the ability to jump to the code at any level in the stack (To be fair, my stint with Emacs+Slime seemed to provide some of this, but I'm partial to the VS GUI-driven approach) I really like the hype surrounding Lisps and I gave it a chance. But is there anything I can do in a Lisp that I can't do as well in C#? It might be a bit more verbose in C#, but I also have autocomplete. What am I missing? Why should I use Clojure/CL?

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• What is the right level of granularity for code commenting?

  - by Nick

  Commenting in code I believe is very important but recently I've been reviewing code that has left me wondering particular this one. //due to lack of confidence with web programming leaving this note in for now What is the right level of granularity for code commenting? EDIT: Obviously the above comment is shocking hence why I'm asking the question. I've recently noticed the inline comments in the code at my work place annoying. Instead of getting angry I want discovery the acceptable level of granularity for code commenting in the community.

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• soft question - Which of these topics is likely to be relevant in the future?

  - by Fool

  I hear some topics in computer science, such as object-oriented programming, are relevant today but may become obsolete in the future. I'm picking courses for a minor in computer science, and I need one more elective. Could someone help me choose topic(s) from the following list that would grant timeless knowledge, relevant and applicable in the future? Why are such topics relevant? Artificial Intelligence Human-Computer Interaction Object-Oriented Programming Operating Systems Compilers Networking Databases Graphics Automata and Complexity Theory Logic and Automated Reasoning Algorithms If some of these titles are too vague, I'll provide more info.

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• UI Controls Copyright

  - by user3692481

  I'm developing a cross-platform computer software. It will run on Windows and Mac OS X. For user experience reasons, I want it to have the same graphic on both platforms. I really like the Mac OS UI controls and I'd love to see them on the Windows version too. My question is: is it legal to "copy" UI components? I'm not going to copy icons or reproduce an existing Apple software. I would only "copy" some standard UI components such as Buttons, Progressbars, TreeView, ListView etc. You can see them here: http://i.stack.imgur.com/9YzYQ.png http://i.stack.imgur.com/MWR6B.jpg IMHO, they should not be copyrighted for two reasons: They are implicitly used by any Mac OS software There are a lot of Apps (for Windows and even Web-Apps) that are "inspired by" the Mac graphic. Am I right?

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